A laser texturing system, method, preformed panel and rail vehicle

Abstract

The present application firstly provides a laser texturing system, comprising a laser, a rotating mirror system, a control system and a sensing device, wherein: the control system is connected with the laser and the rotating mirror system through a communication system respectively, and controls the working state of the laser and the rotating mirror system according to the built-in laser texturing method; the laser turns on and off under the control of the control system, and emits laser with predetermined parameters according to the control instruction; the rotating mirror system comprises a polyhedral prism, the polyhedral side of the polyhedral prism faces the direction of the laser, and the laser is refracted by the polyhedral prism to form a texturing path on the surface of the workpiece; the sensing device is connected with the control system, detects the corner signal of the polyhedral prism in the transportation process, and controls the high-frequency on-off of the laser through the control system, so that the laser beam avoids the corner of the polyhedral prism. The present application further provides a laser texturing method, a preformed plate and a railway vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surface treatment technology, and in particular to a laser texturing system, method, prefabricated plate and rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] To improve the adhesion between paint and substrate, the workpiece surface is usually roughened before painting. Increasing the surface roughness enhances paint adhesion. Traditional roughening methods typically involve sandblasting or grinding. However, these processes generate significant dust and noise pollution, creating a poor working environment and posing environmental and occupational health risks. Furthermore, sandblasting and grinding can easily cause deformation and damage to large, thin-walled components. As a rough surface treatment, sandblasting and grinding also result in uneven surface roughness, leading to uneven paint adhesion and potential paint peeling or flaking.

[0003] Currently, all rail vehicles are roughened using sandblasting or grinding before painting. With increasingly stringent environmental policies and growing occupational health issues, there is an urgent need to replace the original sandblasting and grinding roughening methods with a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and easily automated roughening technology and equipment to reduce pollution such as dust and noise generated during the operation.

[0004] In recent years, laser technology has been applied in the welding and cleaning of rail vehicles. Compared with sandblasting and grinding, laser surface roughening has advantages such as non-contact operation, no damage to the substrate, precise construction, no dust, environmental friendliness, and automation. Laser roughening technology utilizes the principle of rapid melting and solidification. A high-energy-density laser beam is focused onto the surface of the material, causing the surface to melt instantly due to the laser energy, creating a molten pool. This pool then cools rapidly, forming a dense micro-texture of crater-like pits on the material surface, thereby increasing surface roughness and improving paint adhesion.

[0005] Currently, laser texturing typically employs a galvanometer scanning system. The laser beam is incident on the scanning galvanometer at a specific angle, and as the galvanometer rotates, the reflected laser beam deflects. With the high-speed reciprocating vibration of the galvanometer, the reflected laser beam forms a defined scanning range.

[0006] In existing technologies, the 100mm scanning linewidth used for laser texturing is limited by the mechanical structure of the galvanometer system, resulting in low operational efficiency and making it difficult to meet the production cycle requirements in the manufacturing of large components such as rail vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to significantly improve the operational efficiency of laser texturing to meet the requirements of engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems and shortcomings. Firstly, it provides a laser texturing system that controls the laser scanning of the workpiece surface to achieve texturing by adjusting the rotating mirror system. It also includes a sensing device that controls the laser to shut off when the laser beam passes through the corner of the rotating mirror, thereby avoiding the problem of excessively high internal temperature of the rotating mirror system caused by diffuse reflection of the laser beam at the corner of the rotating mirror.

[0008] The second objective of this invention is to provide a laser texturing method.

[0009] The present invention further provides precast panels and rail vehicles.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention first provides a laser texturing system, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A laser texturing system includes a laser, a rotating mirror system, a control system, and a sensing device, wherein...

[0012] The control system is connected to the laser and the rotating mirror system respectively through a communication system, and controls the working status of the laser and the rotating mirror system respectively according to the built-in laser texturing method;

[0013] The laser receives control commands from the control system to turn on and off, and emits laser light with predetermined parameters according to the control commands.

[0014] The rotating mirror system includes a polyhedral prism with its polyhedral sides facing the laser. After the laser is refracted by the polyhedral prism, a roughening path is formed on the surface of the workpiece.

[0015] The sensing device, connected to the control system, detects the edge signals during the rotation of the polyhedral prism and controls the high-frequency switching of the laser beam through the control system to avoid the edge of the polyhedral prism.

[0016] Furthermore, the sensing device includes a photoelectric sensor and a captive, the captive being assembled and fixed to the front of the facet of a polyhedral prism, and the sensor detecting the captive position and sending it to the control system.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a distance sensor and a partition. The distance sensor detects the distance between itself and two pubescent points before and after the current pubescent point or points a certain distance before and after it. The partition reduces the misleading effect of laser on the distance sensor's detection.

[0018] Furthermore, a focusing lens for concentrating the laser beam is placed between the polyhedral prism and the laser, and a collimator and a reflector for adjusting the light output direction of the polyhedral prism are placed between the focusing lens and the laser.

[0019] The second objective of this invention is to provide a laser texturing method, which employs the following technical solution:

[0020] A laser texturing method involves a laser emitted from a laser scanning the surface of a workpiece via a rotating mirror system to texturize the workpiece surface. During the texturing process, a control system controls the high-frequency switching of the laser based on received edge signals, causing the laser beam to avoid the edges of a polyhedral prism.

[0021] Furthermore, when the height difference between the current fuzzing point and two fuzzing points before and after it, or between a point a certain distance before and after it, and the ranging sensor is greater than a preset value, the surface currently fuzzed is identified as a curved surface and / or the next fuzzing point enters the curved surface structure. The control system adjusts the laser parameters according to the interval where the height difference is located.

[0022] Furthermore, when the surface of the workpiece being roughened is a curved surface and / or the next roughening point enters the curved surface structure, the control system controls the laser focal length of the next roughening point to be H+Δh / 2, where H is the focal length of the current roughening point.

[0023] Furthermore, when the height difference |Δh| ≥ 0.5 mm, the workpiece surface being roughened is considered to be a curved surface and / or the next roughening point enters the curved surface structure.

[0024] The third objective of this invention is to provide a precast panel, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0025] A precast panel is roughened using the laser roughening method described above.

[0026] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a rail vehicle, employing the following technical solution:

[0027] A rail vehicle includes a car body, the car body being textured by the laser texturing system described above.

[0028] In summary, the laser texturing system, method, prefabricated slab, and rail vehicle provided by this invention have the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:

[0029] (1) By setting up a polyhedral prism instead of a traditional galvanometer and matching the rotation of the prism with the laser emission, the laser scanning width is greatly expanded, which significantly improves the laser texturing efficiency.

[0030] (2) By integrating a ranging system into the laser, it can be used for texturing curved workpieces based on planar structures, and can realize laser texturing of large workpieces containing both planar and curved surfaces, such as rail vehicles.

[0031] (3) By controlling the laser path and scanning speed, the purpose of uniform texturing is achieved, thereby improving the quality of the texturing operation.

[0032] (4) By integrating the laser texturing equipment with the robotic arm, the laser texturing operation of rail vehicles can be automated;

[0033] (5) By setting up a sensing device, the signal of the edge is detected and the high-frequency on and off of the laser is controlled so that the laser beam avoids the edge of the polyhedral prism, so as to avoid the problem of excessive internal temperature of the rotating mirror system caused by the diffuse reflection of the laser beam through the edge of the rotating mirror. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of a laser texturing device according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram illustrating the function of a movable focusing lens in a laser texturing device according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 : A schematic diagram of the laser scanning angle in a laser texturing device according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 : A schematic diagram of the laser scanning circuit in a laser texturing device according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the detection and instantaneous dynamic control of laser edge-crossing signals in a laser texturing device.

[0039] Figure 6 : A schematic diagram of an edge sensing device in a laser texturing apparatus according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 : A side view schematic diagram of the edge sensing device in a laser texturing device according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the detection of hairization point height during the operation of a laser hairization device.

[0042] Figure 9 This invention discloses a schematic diagram of focal length adjustment in a laser cleaning and texturing device for curved workpieces based on a planar structure.

[0043] Figure 10 : A schematic diagram of a laser hair removal system according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 : A schematic diagram of the hair-forming equipment structure in a laser hair-forming system according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the operation of a hair-forming device in a laser hair-forming system, in conjunction with a gantry and a robotic arm.

[0046] In the diagram: Control system 1, Laser 2, Rotating mirror system 3, Polyhedral prism 31, Housing 311, Focusing lens 32, Reflector 33, Lens 34, Collimator 35, Beam 4, Workpiece 5, Distance sensor 6, Photoelectric sensor 7, Red light generator 71, Red light reflector 72, Red light receiver 73, Tentacle 8, Rail vehicle 9, Gantry 10, Robotic arm 11, Control board 12, Mounting bracket 13, Mounting plate 14, Drive motor 15, Connecting rod 16. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] This invention provides a laser hair removal system, including laser hair removal equipment, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the laser texturing equipment includes a control system 1, a laser 2, and a rotating mirror system 3, wherein:

[0049] The control system 1 is connected to the laser 2 and the rotating mirror system 3 via a communication system. It has a built-in laser texturing method and controls the working state of the laser 2 and the rotating mirror system 3 according to a preset control method. The communication system includes an optical fiber transmission system and a control signal transmission system, and the communication connection is realized through signal connection or electrical connection.

[0050] Laser 2 receives control commands from control system 1 to turn on and off, and emits laser light with predetermined parameters according to the control commands; in this embodiment, laser 2 is a high-power pulsed laser; furthermore, the laser 2 provided by the present invention also includes an actuator such as a laser head, which is conventional technology and will not be described in detail.

[0051] The rotating mirror system 3 includes a polyhedral prism 31, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the polyhedral side of the polyhedral prism 31 faces the direction of the laser 2. The laser is incident on the side of the polyhedral prism 31. The control system 1 controls the rotation of the polyhedral prism 31 to change the incident angle of the laser on the polyhedral prism 31. After refraction, a cleaning and texturing path in the X direction is formed on the surface of the workpiece 5.

[0052] Furthermore, a focusing lens 32 is provided between the polyhedral prism 31 and the laser head to focus the laser beam 4 and transmit it to the polyhedral prism 31. A collimator 35 and a reflector 33 are also provided between the laser head and the focusing lens 32. The collimator 35 adjusts the laser beam, and the reflector 33 adjusts the direction of laser transmission. A lens 34 is provided between the light output direction of the polyhedral prism 31 and the workpiece 5. The lens 34 is a plane lens and plays a protective role for the entire rotating mirror system 3.

[0053] In this embodiment, a rotating polyhedral prism 31 replaces the traditional galvanometer system as the scanning mechanism. Moving the focusing lens 32 back and forth dynamically adjusts the focusing height of the laser beam 4. When the focusing lens 32 is fixed, its focal length is constant. During the rotation of the polyhedral prism 31, i.e., the scanning process, the distance from the lens 34 to the surface of the workpiece 5 changes. Figure 2 As shown, paths 1 and 2 can be formed. The focusing lens 32 is adjusted back and forth to focus the beam 4, so that the total path of the beam 4 reaching the surface of the workpiece 5 through the focusing lens 32 is equal to the focal length. This ensures that the laser acting on the surface of the workpiece 5 during the scanning process is uniform. The problem of uneven texturing points caused by the dynamic adjustment of the focal length changes in the central and edge regions is solved, thus ensuring a uniform texturing effect when texturing curved structures.

[0054] The moving amplitude of focusing lens 32 is related to the scanning amplitude, while the moving speed of focusing lens 31 is related to the rotational speed of the polyhedral mirror. In practical applications, the need for collimator 35, reflector 33, and lens 34 can be determined based on the cleaning and texturing requirements and the specific values ​​of the laser parameters, and their specific positions during use can also be determined.

[0055] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the focusing lens 32 is positioned between the polyhedral prism 31 and the reflector 33. The angle of the reflector 33 is determined based on the internal angle of the polyhedral prism 31, so that the laser beam, after continuous reflection by the reflector 33 and the polyhedral prism 31, is directed at the working surface of the workpiece 5 at a preset angle. In practical applications, the focusing lens 32 can also be positioned between the polyhedral prism 31 and the workpiece 5, such as between the polyhedral prism 31 and the lens 34, or between the lens 34 and the workpiece 5. Furthermore, the focusing lens 32 can also be integrated with the lens 34. The laser focal length can be adjusted by moving its position and amplitude.

[0056] In this embodiment, a significant effect of using the rotating mirror system 3 instead of a traditional galvanometer is the substantial expansion of the laser scanning width, which greatly improves the efficiency of laser texturing. Taking an octahedral prism as an example... Figure 3 As shown, for each rotating reflective surface, the prism rotates by an angle of 360° ÷ 8 = 45°. The laser scanning angle is twice the prism rotation angle, i.e., 45° x 2 = 90°. Considering both laser power and optical path, as... Figure 4 As shown, if the distance from the octagonal prism to the workpiece is 400mm, the theoretical linewidth of the laser scan is 800mm. Considering that the laser needs to be turned off at the corners (including a certain lead time), the actual measured scan linewidth is 700mm.

[0057] Another significant effect is a substantial increase in scanning speed. Taking a line width of 700mm as an example, if the high-speed motor drives the octagonal mirror at a speed of 1000r / min, the number of faces that rotate in 1 second is 8×1000÷60=133 faces, and the scanning speed is 700mm×133÷1s=93m / s.

[0058] Furthermore, the laser texturing equipment provided in this embodiment can be widely used for texturing operations on various structural surfaces, especially for texturing curved workpieces based on planar structures. With the corresponding robotic arm 11, it can achieve automatic texturing operations.

[0059] The curved workpiece based on a planar structure is a workpiece with a planar structure as the main body and curved surfaces in some areas, such as the roof, side walls, and the connection between the roof and side walls of a vehicle body. Along the direction of vehicle operation, the middle part is a planar surface, and the two sides are curved surfaces or corrugated plates, with adjacent corrugations connected by a planar surface. When cleaning and roughening such curved workpieces based on planar structures, the distance between the planar part and the curved part and the polyhedral prism 31 is different. It is necessary to adjust the distance between the focusing lens 32 and the polyhedral prism 31 to adjust the focal length and roughen the surface of the workpiece 5 uniformly, so as to avoid the problem of incomplete roughening or over-roughening due to height difference. Therefore, in this embodiment, the roughening equipment also includes a ranging system.

[0060] In this embodiment, as Figure 8 As shown, the ranging system includes two ranging sensors 6 perpendicular to the processing direction, positioned on either side of the laser head and on the same horizontal plane, respectively detecting the roughening points on the surface of the workpiece 5 before and after (scanning direction). Figure 1 The distance between the distance sensor 6 and the corresponding workpiece 5 is measured at a predetermined distance in the X direction (the distance between the distance sensor 6 and the corresponding workpiece 5 surface) and / or one roughening point before and after it. Baffles are set on both sides of the distance sensor 6 to isolate the signal interference of the laser beam 4 to the distance measuring system, so that the data measured by the distance measuring system is more accurate.

[0061] Considering that in this embodiment, a rotating mirror system 3 is provided between the laser head and the workpiece 5, the light emission direction of the laser head is not necessarily perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece 5, and is different from the actual laser direction and position. In practical applications, the installation position of the ranging system is set according to the specific configuration of the equipment, including but not limited to the mounting brackets of the lens 34 and the polyhedral prism 31. The height of the front and rear positions of the texturing point can be achieved without restrictions or requirements, as long as the corresponding function can be achieved. The distance between the front and rear detection points and the texturing point is equal to ensure the accuracy of subsequent adjustment data and improve the cleaning and texturing efficiency.

[0062] The ranging system is connected to the control system 1 through a communication system. The ranging system transmits the detection data to the control system 1. The control system 1 determines whether the current working surface of the workpiece 5 is a curved surface according to the preset program for the laser texturing method, that is, whether there is a height difference between the current texturing point and the next texturing point, and adjusts the focal length according to the preset program.

[0063] When the laser 2 starts working to roughen the surface, the two distance sensors 6 start working simultaneously. When the heights measured by the two distance sensors 6 are the same (the allowable error is less than or equal to 0.5 mm), the detection data is fed back to the control system 1. The control system 1 determines that the surface being cleaned and roughened is a plane, controls the laser 2 to maintain the current laser working parameters, and maintains the relative positions of the components in the rotating mirror system 3 and the rotation speed of the rotating mirror.

[0064] When the two ranging sensors 6 detect a height difference before and after the texturing point, and the height difference is greater than the preset value, it is determined that the surface being cleaned and texturized is a curved surface, or the next texturing point enters the curved surface structure. The control system 1 selects the corresponding laser parameters from the database of height difference and laser parameters (including focal length) stored in the system according to the specific data of the height difference, and controls the laser 2 and the rotating mirror system 3 to make corresponding adjustments, including but not limited to adjusting the focal length of the laser beam, so as to perform a uniform cleaning and texturing operation on the surface of the workpiece 5.

[0065] Specifically, the height difference preset value can be set to 0.5mm, which is the same as the detection error allowed by the system. This can effectively eliminate error data and data with small curvature, and avoid the need to frequently adjust the laser parameters and control the laser 2 and rotating mirror system 3 when there are small processing defects on the surface of the workpiece 5.

[0066] When the height difference |Δh| detected by the two ranging sensors 6 is ≥0.5mm, it indicates that the surface being textured is curved. Furthermore, when the height difference |Δh| is ≥0.5mm, as shown in Figure 9, the control system 1 controls the laser head to adjust its focal length to a height of Δh / 2, and calls specific textured parameters from the database according to the degree of curvature to perform the cleaning and textured process. The database categorizes the height difference into multiple intervals, each interval corresponding to different laser parameters, which may include:

[0067] When 0 ≤ |Δh| < 0.5 mm, it is considered a planar workpiece, and the default parameters are used, with an average laser power of 3000W to 5000W and a single-pass scanning width of 500mm to 700mm.

[0068] When 0.5≤|△h|<1.5mm, it is considered to have a small curvature, the average laser power is 5000W~7000W, and the single-pass scanning width is 300mm~500mm;

[0069] When 1.5mm≤︱△h︱<3mm, it is considered to have a large curvature, the average laser power is 7000W~9000W, and the single-pass scanning width is 200mm~300mm;

[0070] When 3mm≤︱△h︱<4mm, it is considered that the curvature is very large, the average laser power is 9000W~12000W, and the single-pass scanning width is 100mm~200mm;

[0071] When 4mm≤︱△h︱, it indicates that the boundary has been reached, and the laser stops the texturing operation and / or the control system 1 controls the laser 2 to return to the starting point of the next texturing path.

[0072] In this embodiment, the height difference between two predetermined points before and after the texturing point is detected to determine whether the surface of the workpiece 5 being texturized is curved and / or about to become curved. Based on the height difference range, the laser parameters are controlled and adjusted, and the focal length is adjusted according to the height difference, as described above. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the focal length of the texturing operation at the next texturing point can be changed to H+△h / 2 based on the current focal length H, or the focal length can be adaptively corrected according to the surface morphology parameters of the workpiece 5 using other methods.

[0073] It should be noted that when determining whether a structure is a curved surface and / or whether the next fuzzing will result in a curved surface, in the fuzzing direction, such as... Figure 8 As shown, a negative height difference Δh = h1 - h2 between two fuzzing points (which can be the next fuzzing point and the previous fuzzing point) or a point a certain distance before or after a fuzzing point and the ranging sensor indicates that the height of the next fuzzing point is increased, while a negative height difference indicates that the height of the next fuzzing point is decreased. According to the preset program, the focal length is shortened or stretched accordingly. For example, the laser focal length for the next fuzzing point operation is determined to be H + Δh / 2, where H is the focal length of the current fuzzing point. Alternatively, the focal length for the next fuzzing point operation can be determined in other ways, where h1 is the distance between the adjacent fuzzing point that has been completed before the currently ongoing fuzzing point and the ranging sensor, and h2 is the distance between the fuzzing point that is about to be fuzzed and the ranging sensor. Or, h1 is the height between a point a certain distance before the currently ongoing fuzzing point and the ranging sensor, and h2 is the height between a point a certain distance after the currently ongoing fuzzing point and the ranging sensor.

[0074] During the texturing process, the polyhedral prism 31 is kept stationary, meaning that laser light is continuously output at the same position on the surface of workpiece 5, creating texturing points at the same location on the workpiece 5 surface, thus achieving laser texturing. The polyhedral prism rotates to achieve continuous scanning of the texturing process, creating multiple consecutive texturing points on the workpiece surface. The distance between adjacent texturing points is related to the pulse frequency and the rotation speed of the polyhedral prism 31. By adjusting the pulse frequency and rotation speed, the spacing between adjacent texturing points can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the surface roughness of workpiece 5. By adjusting the stop time, rotation speed, and time of the polyhedral prism 31, the size and distance of the texturing points can be controlled, respectively.

[0075] To avoid overheating of the rotating mirror system due to diffuse reflection at the corners of the polyhedral prism 3, this embodiment employs dynamic control technology during the laser texturing process to coordinate the laser pulse frequency with the rotation of the rotating mirror. This ensures that the laser is switched off when it reaches the corners of the rotating mirror system 3 and switched on after passing the corners, thus preventing damage to optical components caused by overheating due to diffuse reflection. Furthermore, by controlling the laser pulse frequency and the rotation speed of the mirror, the degree of texturing, size, and spacing of the texturing points can be adjusted and controlled.

[0076] When scanning is performed using a polyhedral prism 31, the problem of diffuse reflection of the laser beam 4 at the corners is unavoidable. In this case, the laser beam will simultaneously irradiate both rotating surfaces of the polyhedral prism 31. The laser beam from one surface will scan the workpiece surface normally, while the laser beam from the other surface will scatter into the cavity of the laser texturing head. Prolonged operation or irradiation of the laser texturing head cavity with a high-power laser source can easily damage the optical components of the laser texturing head. Therefore, when the polyhedral prism 31 rotates to a corner, the laser 2 is controlled to stop emitting laser light, and laser emission resumes after the corner has been rotated.

[0077] Because the polyhedral prism 31 rotates at extremely high speeds, passing over 1000 edges per second with an interval of less than 1 millisecond between passes, it is crucial to detect, judge, transmit, and respond to signals within this brief 1-millisecond timeframe to achieve instantaneous dynamic control of the laser. To achieve laser edge-crossing control, a sensing device, such as a photoelectric sensor 7, needs to be designed to control the switching of the laser beam when it reaches the edges of the polyhedral prism 31. This sensor detects the signals from the edges and controls the high-frequency on / off switching of the laser, ensuring the laser beam avoids the edges of the polyhedral prism 31, thus achieving... Figure 5 As shown, this demonstrates the instantaneous dynamic collaborative control effect of laser spatiotemporal distribution.

[0078] This invention provides a sensing device for realizing laser edge-crossing control, such as... Figure 6As shown, it includes a photoelectric sensor 7, and a protruding antenna 8 is provided at each corner of the polyhedral prism 31. The distance between the antenna 8 and the corner is related to the rotation speed of the polyhedral prism 31, and the position of the antenna 8 does not affect the reflection of the laser during the scanning process, that is, the laser will not shine on the antenna 8, thus affecting the furging effect.

[0079] The antennae 8 can be any of the following structures: plate-like, strip-like, or cord-like. The bottom is fixed at a position before or near the edge, and the top is inclined in the direction of rotation, protruding from the top surface of the polyhedral prism 31. Further, in this embodiment, as... Figure 6 As shown, the antenna 8 is set on a fixing plate above any top surface (non-laser scanning mirror surface) of the polyhedral prism 31. The shape, size and setting angle of the fixing plate are the same as the top surface of the polyhedral prism 31, and it is parallel to the top surface of the polyhedral prism 31 and keeps synchronous operation.

[0080] The bottom of the tentacle 8 is fixed to the side of the fixing plate facing the photoelectric sensor, and is fixed at the corner of the fixing plate (corresponding to the corner of the polyhedral prism 31). The tentacle 8 is slightly tilted, with its top facing the rotation direction, or the tentacle 8 is positioned in front of the corner (corresponding to the corner of the polyhedral prism 31) in the rotation direction. The tilt angle of the tentacle 8 is related to its length and rotation speed. Considering the extremely short time to cross the edge, the tentacle 8 can be set perpendicular to the fixing plate, with its top facing the photoelectric sensor. The diameter (width) of the tentacle 8 forms the lead time for turning off the laser when crossing the edge.

[0081] A certain distance is left between the fixing plate and the top surface of the polyhedral prism 31, and it is close to the photoelectric sensor. On the one hand, this can prevent the fixing plate from affecting the rotation of the polyhedral prism 31 and the laser scanning. On the other hand, the closer distance to the photoelectric sensor 7 reduces the scanning time of the photoelectric sensor 7 and the final response time.

[0082] When the antennae 8 passes the photoelectric sensor 7, the photoelectric sensor 7 detects that the laser is about to scan the edge. The control system 1 controls the laser 2 to turn off. After a predetermined time, when the edge has rotated past the laser scanning area, the antennae 8 leaves the detection range of the photoelectric sensor. The control system 1 then controls the laser 2 to continue the scanning process. The predetermined time is determined according to the rotation speed of the rotating mirror and the distance between the antennae 8 and the edge.

[0083] The antennae 8 are tilted and / or positioned before the edge. The photoelectric sensor detects the top of the antennae 8 and positions the antennae 8 at the edge before the edge. When the antennae 8 is about to be scanned, the control system 1 controls the laser 2 to turn off.

[0084] Furthermore, such as Figure 7As shown, the antenna 8 is positioned before the edge, and the center point of the antenna 8 is located at the center point of a light spot one spot before the edge. The laser is turned off at this position. Correspondingly, the laser is turned on after turning a distance of one light spot diameter past the edge. That is, the laser is turned off when passing the edge, and the polyhedron edge turns a distance of one light spot diameter.

[0085] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 12 As shown, in this embodiment, the photoelectric sensor 7 includes a red light generator 71, a red light receiver 73, and a red light reflector 72. The red light generator 71 emits red light to the polyhedral prism 31, and the red light receiver 73 receives the red light after continuous reflection by the polyhedral prism 31 and the red light reflector 72. The red light receiver 73 is connected to the controller and sends a receiving signal to the controller.

[0086] When the red light receiver 73 receives the red light signal after continuous reflection, the laser is normally reflected by the polyhedral prism 31. When the polyhedral prism 31 rotates to the corner position, the antenna 8 is set before the corner. Before crossing the corner, the antenna 8 first reaches the point where the red light is emitted by the polyhedral prism 31. After the red light hits the antenna 8, the red light is no longer reflected. The red light receiver 73 and the controller do not receive the red light signal. The controller controls the laser to stop emitting the laser. When the red light receiver 73 receives the red light reflection signal again, the crossing of the corner ends, and the controller controls the laser to emit the laser again.

[0087] The laser texturing equipment provided by this invention is not only suitable for laser texturing of small workpieces 5, but can also be applied to the texturing of large workpieces. By connecting the laser texturing equipment described above with the robotic arm 11 and cooperating with the laser texturing method described above, automated laser texturing operations can be achieved.

[0088] Furthermore, to achieve automated texturing operations, the laser texturing system includes the laser texturing equipment and robotic arm 11 mentioned above. According to the size and structural characteristics of the workpiece to be texturized, the robotic arm 11 is assembled and fixed with the corresponding supporting structure. For example, the laser texturing equipment is assembled and fixed with the gantry 10 and the robotic arm 11. The texturing equipment mentioned above is assembled and fixed with the gantry 10 through the robotic arm 11 to perform laser texturing operations on the surface of large workpieces such as the exterior of the rail vehicle 9.

[0089] The control system 1 of the laser texturing equipment is integrated with the controller of the laser texturing system. That is, the controller (hereinafter referred to as the control system) presets the control method of the laser texturing equipment described above and integrates the control process of the robotic arm 11 and the gantry 10 in the control method to realize the texturing operation.

[0090] Taking the surface roughening operation of the 9th car body of a rail vehicle as an example, such as Figures 10 to 11As shown, the rail vehicle 9 to be roughened is placed on the work platform, and the gantry 10 is straddled on the work platform along the forward direction of the vehicle body. The bottom of the gantry 10 is slidably connected to the work platform. If a slide rail is set on the work platform, the gantry 10 can slide along the slide rail, driving the roughening equipment installed on the gantry 10 to move along the forward direction of the vehicle body, so as to realize the roughening operation on the surface of the vehicle body.

[0091] The texturing equipment is assembled and connected to the gantry frame 10 via a robotic arm 11, such as... Figure 9 and Figure 11 As shown, in this embodiment, a texturing device is assembled on the crossbeam and both longitudinal beams of the gantry frame 10 via robotic arms 11. The robotic arms 11 are slidably connected to the gantry frame 10 and can move straight along the crossbeam or longitudinal beam of the gantry frame 10 to adjust their position, thereby driving the texturing device to move horizontally and perform full texturing on the rail vehicle 9.

[0092] In this application, the gantry frame 10 and the robotic arm 11 drive the texturing equipment to perform automated texturing operations on large-area workpieces. The gantry frame 10 and the robotic arm 11 are conventional technologies in the field of automated processing technology, and their specific structures will not be described in detail. Any existing technology or any structure that will appear in the future is applicable to this application. At the same time, other devices in the field of automated production that can drive the texturing equipment to move to realize automated texturing operations on the surface of large-area workpieces can also be used, including but not limited to the gantry frame 10 and the robotic arm 11 mentioned above.

[0093] When used for texturing large workpieces, the assembly structure of the various components of the texturing equipment described above is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the texturing equipment is assembled and fixed to the robotic arm 11 via a control board 12. At the bottom of the control board 12 (e.g., ... Figure 10 On one side (as shown), there is a mounting frame 13. The mounting frame 13 is a hollow square tube structure. One end is fixed to the control plate 12, and the other end is fixed to the mounting plate 14. The rotating mirror system is connected to the robotic arm 11 through the mounting plate 14 and the control plate 12.

[0094] The rotating mirror system 3 is connected to the control board 12 via a mounting bracket and a mounting plate 14. The mounting bracket ensures that there is sufficient distance between the rotating mirror system 3 and the control board 12, providing sufficient assembly space for the various structures in the rotating mirror system 3.

[0095] To adjust the laser incident angle and the distance between the laser and the texturing surface, the rotating mirror system is connected to the mounting plate 14 via an adjustment device. The adjustment device includes a lifting device and a rotating device. The lifting device adjusts the distance between the rotating mirror system 3 and the working surface, and the rotating device drives the rotating mirror system 3 to rotate 360° to adjust the laser incident angle, texturing direction, etc.

[0096] The adjustment device is not the focus of this invention, and its specific structure is not limited. Any device in the prior art that can adjust the vertical height or adjust the multi-dimensional orientation is applicable to this invention, and other adjustment structures that may appear in the future are also applicable.

[0097] As mentioned above, the rotating mirror system 3 includes a polyhedral prism 31, such as Figure 12 As shown, the polyhedral prism 31 is covered by a housing 311. The housing 311 and the polyhedral prism are coaxially fixed. The top surface of the housing 311 is directly and / or fixed to the mounting plate 14 through an adjustment device. The bottom of the housing 311 is provided with an opening, through which the laser enters and irradiates the mirror surface of the polyhedral prism 31.

[0098] The output shaft of the drive motor 15 passes through the housing 311 and is fixed to the axis of the polyhedral prism 31, driving the polyhedral prism 31 to rotate.

[0099] Lens 34 is positioned below the opening of housing 311 and is fixed to the mounting plate 14, fixing plate, or housing 311 outside the polyhedral prism 31 via connecting rod 16. Connecting rod 16 is positioned so as not to interfere with the laser path. The laser beam reflected by the polyhedral prism 31 passes through lens 34 and forms a roughened point on the surface of the rail vehicle 9.

[0100] like Figure 12 As shown, the laser 2 is connected to the collimator 35 via a connecting plate. The connecting plate is fixed to the housing 311 of the lens 34 or to the connecting rod 16 of the lens 34, thereby defining the relative positions of the laser, the collimator 35, and the lens 34. The collimator 35 and the laser 2 are coaxially arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the reflector 33 is tilted relative to the orientation of the lens 34.

[0101] Below the collimator 35, a reflector 33 is provided. The reflector 33 is assembled and fixed to any structure such as the housing 311, mounting plate 14, connecting rod 16, or control plate 12 of the collimator 35 or lens 34 via a connector. Figure 3 As shown, the laser beam from the collimator 35 strikes the reflector 33, and the angle between the laser reflection path and the central axis of the lens 34 is 45°.

[0102] On the other side of the polyhedral prism 31, a red light reflector 72, a red light generator 71, and a red light receiver 73, as described above, are provided. The red light reflector 72 is assembled and connected to the polyhedral prism 31 or any structure such as the mounting plate 14 or the control plate 12. The relative positions of the red light reflector 72, the red light generator 71, and the red light receiver 73 are determined based on factors such as the structural characteristics of the polyhedral prism 31, the direction of red light incidence, the reflection angle, and the installation position of the antenna 8. Figure 12The specific assembly structure of the mid-red light generator 71 and the red light connector is not shown. The assembly structure and the assembly connection method with the rotating mirror system 3 can be determined according to the specific field application. The focusing mirror 32 is positioned in the longitudinal direction below the opening at the bottom of the polyhedral prism housing 311.

[0103] In the longitudinal direction, the reflector 33 and the red light generator 71 are respectively located on both sides of the bottom opening of the polyhedral prism 31. By adjusting the angle of the reflector 33, the laser emitted from the laser 2 is collimated by the collimator 35, and the laser output direction is adjusted by the reflector 33. By adjusting the position and incident angle of the red light generator 71, the red light is continuously reflected by the polyhedral prism 31 and the red light reflector 72, and then received by the red light receiver 73. Figure 3 As shown, the angle between the red light emission direction of the red light generator 71 and the central axis of the lens 34 is 20°, and the angle between the reflection path of the reflector 33 and the central axis of the lens 34 is 45°.

[0104] exist Figure 12 The focusing lens 32 is not shown in the diagram. In practical applications, the focusing lens 32 is positioned between the reflecting mirror 33 and the polyhedral prism 31, and is located on the laser reflection path of the reflecting mirror 33. Alternatively, as mentioned above, the focusing lens 32 can be positioned between the polyhedral prism 31 and the lens 34. Furthermore, the focusing lens 32 and the lens 34 can be integrated, and the focal length can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the lens 34.

[0105] Two distance sensors 6 (not shown in the figure) are also provided on the polyhedral prism 3. A partition is provided at the distance sensor 6 to reduce the misdetection of the distance sensor 6 by the laser.

[0106] It should be noted that, Figure 10 This invention only shows the relative positional relationships and structural characteristics of the various structures of the hair-forming equipment in the laser hair-forming system provided by this invention. The connection relationships and connecting components between the structures are not the focus of this invention, and therefore are not fully described. Figure 10 As shown in the figure, in practical applications, appropriate connection structures and connection relationships are selected according to the application scenario and the structural characteristics of the plane to be textured. By selecting the connection structures and connection relationships, the relative positions and relative angles between the components of the rotating mirror system 3 are adjusted to achieve the textured scanning operation.

[0107] In this embodiment, when operating the rail vehicle 9, the rail vehicle 9 to be roughened is 25.5m long, 3.38m wide, and 3m high. The distance between the two longitudinal beams of the gantry 10, i.e., the inner width of the gantry, is 5m and the height is 4.3m. A 12KW polyhedral prism laser roughening device is used, the average roughening width is 500mm, the traveling speed during the roughening process is 15mm / s, and the calculated roughening efficiency is 500mm × 15mm / s = 27m. 2During the texturing process, the gantry 10 moves three sets of texturing equipment at a constant speed along the length of the railcar 9, simultaneously texturing the car body surface from three different angles. After texturing one path on each of the three different angles of the car body, the robotic arm 11 moves a predetermined distance, such as one texturing width, and then returns to continue texturing. This process is repeated until the entire car body surface is texturized.

[0108] It should be noted that when the texturing control method is applied to the texturing operation of the surface of the rail vehicle 9, the control method also includes a control method for the robotic arm 11 to realize the automatic texturing operation of the vehicle body. In this embodiment, when the texturing equipment described above is used to perform the texturing operation on the surface of the vehicle body, the operation process is as follows:

[0109] S1, Sample Test:

[0110] Before roughening the surface of the rail vehicle 9, a roughening test is first performed on a 500mm×500mm sample using roughening equipment. After roughening, the roughness and other quality parameters of the sample are checked to see if they meet the quality requirements (6μm≤Ra≤20μm). If they do, the next steps are carried out; if they do not, the roughening test is continued by adjusting the laser parameters until the quality requirements are met.

[0111] In the laboratory, the robotic arm 11 can be directly mounted on the worktable without being mounted on the gantry 10, to conduct texturing tests on the template laid flat on the worktable. During the test, the appropriate template size is selected according to the texturing quality requirements, and the corresponding texturing parameters applicable to on-site texturing are determined based on the rough measurement distance between the vehicle body surface and the texturing equipment at the texturing site.

[0112] S2, offline programming:

[0113] Offline programming software is used for laser texturing operation path planning. The actual work position coordinate coefficient values ​​of the surface to be texturized are obtained from the 3D model of the rail vehicle 9 and imported into the software to generate the tool coordinate system. Three points are selected in the vehicle model to form the workpiece coordinate system. The texturing operation path is programmed. At the same time, the laser process parameters are obtained and set according to the experimental results of step S1, including but not limited to the average power of the laser, adjustable pulse width, repetition frequency, spot diameter and pulse energy.

[0114] Standard process parameters can be set as follows: average laser power 3000W–12000W, scanning amplitude 200mm–700mm, and laser spot diameter 0.1mm–0.3mm. In actual operation, parameter sets and operation paths for various vehicle models and texturing requirements can be formed into a process database and set into the control system. During texturing operations, the corresponding program can be directly called, improving the efficiency of the vehicle texturing process.

[0115] S3, vehicle positioning:

[0116] A vehicle moving machine is used to move the vehicle to the texturing station and secure it firmly. The moving gantry 10 then moves the laser texturing equipment to the pre-set starting point.

[0117] Before the texturing work begins, check the ventilation equipment, such as smoke extraction devices and smoke purifiers, to ensure they are functioning properly and adjust their working position to ensure that the dust generated during the texturing process is collected and treated in a timely manner.

[0118] The ventilation equipment selected to accompany the laser texturing system includes a vacuum cleaner and a fume extractor, which can effectively remove the residue and dust generated during the texturing process. The filtered air is then discharged as purified air, ensuring that the laser texturing system is harmless to the human body and the environment during and after use, making it environmentally friendly and green.

[0119] S4, Vehicle Scan:

[0120] The laser texturing system also includes a 3D scanner connected to a robotic arm 11. The robotic arm 11 drives the 3D scanner to automatically scan the vehicle body and obtain the actual spatial coordinate data of the vehicle body for subsequent texturing operations.

[0121] At the same time, the actual spatial coordinate data of the vehicle body is compared with the model data obtained in step S2 to complete the detection of the surface condition of the vehicle body, such as whether there are defects such as bulges, dents or dirt.

[0122] If the number of defects exceeds the preset value, an alarm will be triggered and the texturing operation will be stopped.

[0123] S5, Program call:

[0124] After the vehicle body scan is completed, if the defects on the vehicle body surface (if any) are within the allowable range, select the pre-programmed automatic roughening operation program.

[0125] S6, Automatic Hair Reduction:

[0126] After confirming that there are no abnormalities in the status of each component, the laser texturing system is started. The laser, automatic ranging system, rotating mirror system 3 and other components start to work. The laser 2 starts the laser, and the robotic arm 11 drives the texturing equipment to automatically texture the vehicle body according to the planned path and predetermined parameters.

[0127] When the polyhedral prism 31 stops rotating to perform the texturing operation, the ranging sensor detects the height data between the two texturing points before and after the current texturing point, or between the ranging sensor and a point a certain distance before and after the current texturing point, and transmits it to the control system. The control system calculates the height difference between the two points based on this data. The control system obtains the height difference based on the calculation and, as mentioned above, calls the corresponding data in the corresponding laser cleaning texturing parameter database. Based on this data, the control system adjusts and controls the working state and working parameters of the laser 2 and the rotating mirror system 3, including but not limited to adjusting the laser focal length.

[0128] When laser 2 reaches the end of the preset stroke or when the height difference before and after the rubbing point detected by the automatic ranging system is greater than the preset value (4mm), it is considered that the working boundary has been reached, and the laser stops rubbing. The laser returns to the next rubbing point and repeats this step until the cleaning and rubbing of the entire workpiece is completed.

[0129] When the vehicle body has windows on the side and / or air conditioning vents on the roof, and the planned texturing path needs to cross windows or openings to complete the entire length of the carriage, when the laser 2 reaches the end of the preset stroke or when the height difference before and after the texturing point detected by the automatic ranging system is greater than a preset value (4mm), the laser further combines the vehicle body dimensions and the current work point coordinates to determine whether to return to the next texturing point. If the height difference is greater than the preset value and the work point coordinates have reached the end of the current stroke, the laser stops texturing and returns to the next texturing point. If the height difference is greater than the preset value and the work point coordinates are at the window position, the laser stops texturing, and the gantry 10 continues to slide along the worktable, driving the texturing equipment to continue moving until the end of the window position. The laser then activates again, repeating the texturing operation, height difference, and coordinate detection until texturing reaches the end of the carriage, at which point the texturing operation for that path ends, and the laser returns to the next texturing point. This operation is repeated until the entire vehicle body is texturing.

[0130] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the laser returning to the next texturing point, taking the texturing operation on the side of the original vehicle body as an example, includes, but is not limited to: 1. Returning to the initial texturing position, such as the origin of the coordinate system (X-axis origin), adjusting the position of the texturing device by one spot upwards or downwards to enter the initial position of the next texturing path and perform the texturing operation; 2. At the current texturing position, adjusting the position of the texturing device by one spot upwards or downwards as the initial position of the adjacent texturing path.

[0131] When planning the texturing path, the side surface of the vehicle body is divided into multiple texturing regions. For example, the first texturing region is planned on the upper and lower sides of the window opening, and the corresponding window position is the second texturing region. The second texturing region is further divided into multiple sub-regions. The position between each pair of adjacent windows is a sub-region, and different texturing paths are planned for different regions.

[0132] In each scalding area, the scalding operation is carried out repeatedly along the planned path as described above, until all scalding areas have been scalded.

[0133] Furthermore, when moving the texturing equipment, the path can be switched by controlling the position of the robotic arm 11 on the gantry 10, or the robotic arm 11 includes multiple joints, and the position of the texturing equipment can be adjusted by adjusting the relative positional relationship between the joints to achieve texturing path switching. When the relative positional relationship between the joints reaches or is about to reach the maximum distance that the robotic arm 11 can extend, the position of the robotic arm 11 on the gantry 10 is adjusted to complete the entire texturing operation process.

[0134] S7, Quality Inspection:

[0135] After the roughening operation is completed, the robot returns to the starting point. According to the preset quality inspection program, the control system drives the roughness detector to perform roughness inspection on the surface of the vehicle body according to the predetermined program, and automatically judges whether the roughening quality of the inspection point is qualified.

[0136] In this embodiment, taking the laser texturing of the body of the rail vehicle 9 as an example, the laser texturing operation process is introduced in conjunction with the control method of the laser texturing equipment. In practical applications, when the laser texturing system is applied to other fields for texturing operations, the matching structure connected to the texturing equipment is adapted according to the structural characteristics of the surface to be texturized. For example, when the workpiece 5 is a planar structure and can be laid flat on the worktable, the gantry frame 10 is not required. The robotic arm 11 is slidably connected to the worktable, driving the texturing equipment to move. By adjusting the relative positional relationship between the joints of the robotic arm 11, the texturing path can be switched.

[0137] Furthermore, the laser texturing equipment provided by this invention, as described above, also includes laser texturing methods, including but not limited to edge control, surface determination, and focal length adjustment during surface texturing. This texturing method is integrated into the workpiece texturing process to achieve overall process control of workpiece texturing.

[0138] Based on the dimensions of workpiece 5 and the maximum extension length of robotic arm 11, determine the number of robotic arms 11 on the workbench and the number of robotic arms 11 that perform texturing operations simultaneously.

[0139] Furthermore, the laser texturing system provided by the present invention is not only suitable for texturing smooth surfaces, but also suitable for texturing workpieces 5 with a paint layer on the working surface. During texturing, the paint layer is simultaneously cleaned off so that it can be painted again.

[0140] When laser cleaning and roughening is performed on workpiece 5 with a paint layer, the overall operation steps are basically the same as the vehicle body roughening operation steps described above. However, the above steps can be appropriately reduced or modified according to the specific cleaning and roughening operation requirements to complete the corresponding cleaning and roughening operation.

[0141] For the cleaning and roughening of painted parts, it is usually impossible to obtain a sample. Therefore, the sample testing process in step S1 can be omitted. After completing the preliminary equipment inspection, the initial laser process parameters are set according to the workpiece material, paint layer material, and painting requirements. These parameters include, but are not limited to, the average laser power, adjustable pulse width, repetition frequency, spot diameter, and pulse energy. The initial laser process parameters are determined based on the perpendicular distance and focal length between the current polyhedral prism 31 and the surface of the workpiece 5. For example, the average laser power can be set to 30W to 1000W, the scanning amplitude to 20mm to 120mm, and the laser spot diameter to 0.3mm to 0.1mm.

[0142] The reference requirements for workpiece 5 material include, but are not limited to, workpiece material, smoothness of the surface to be painted, and surface treatment requirements of workpiece 5. The painting requirements include, but are not limited to, type of paint, viscosity, adhesion, painting tools, painting speed, and painting pressure. The painting and material are combined separately to determine the process parameters in the texturing process. Based on the painting parameters corresponding to common workpiece materials in the production site, and based on experience and experimental verification results, a process database corresponding to different workpiece materials and paint layer thicknesses is formed. A correspondence table of matching relationships between laser cleaning texturing control parameters corresponding to different materials and painting requirements is determined and set into the control system 1, making the texturing process more targeted and improving the efficiency of setting process parameters.

[0143] During the regular production process, according to the painting requirements of workpiece 5, the corresponding laser cleaning and texturing parameters are selected from the corresponding table, and the control system 1 sends a control signal to the laser 2 to control the laser 2 to emit the corresponding laser so as to effectively clean and texturize workpiece 5.

[0144] When the existing paint layer on the surface of workpiece 5 needs to be cleaned off, the laser beam 4 is used to make the paint layer on the surface of workpiece 5 absorb the laser energy and directly sublimate or instantly vaporize and evaporate, resulting in higher cleaning efficiency. When used in conjunction with ventilation and water cooling equipment, the pollution of paint vapors to the rotating mirror system 3 and the harm to the health of workers are reduced.

[0145] During laser cleaning, different laser processing parameters, the number of repeated processing steps, the overall laser power, the scanning width, and the rotation speed of the polyhedral prism 31 are set according to different paint layer thicknesses to ensure the cleaning effect. By selecting different process parameters, better cleaning results can be obtained and cleaning efficiency can be improved, as detailed below:

[0146] When the paint layer thickness is 60-100μm, the average laser power is selected as 100-300W, the scanning width is 100-120mm, and the rotation speed of the polyhedral prism 31 during the cleaning process is 7-10r / s.

[0147] When the paint layer thickness is 100-200μm, the laser power is selected as 300-400W, the scanning width is 80-100mm, and the rotation speed of the polyhedral prism 31 during the cleaning process is 6-9r / s.

[0148] When the paint layer thickness is above 200μm, the laser power is selected as 400-1000W, the scanning width is 60-800mm, and the rotation speed of the polyhedral prism 31 during the cleaning process is 6-8r / s.

[0149] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a precast panel, wherein the surface of the panel is pretreated according to the surface condition of the precast panel by the roughening direction described above, so that the panel can be used for subsequent painting operations.

[0150] In summary, the laser texturing system, method, prefabricated slab, and rail vehicle provided by this invention have the following technical advantages:

[0151] (1) By setting up a polyhedral prism instead of a traditional galvanometer and matching the rotation of the prism with the laser emission, the laser scanning width is greatly expanded, which significantly improves the laser texturing efficiency.

[0152] (2) By integrating a ranging system into the laser, it can be used for texturing curved workpieces based on planar structures, and can realize laser texturing of large workpieces containing both planar and curved surfaces, such as rail vehicles 9.

[0153] (3) By controlling the laser path and scanning speed, the purpose of uniform texturing is achieved, thereby improving the quality of the texturing operation.

[0154] (4) By integrating the laser texturing equipment with the robotic arm 11, the laser texturing operation of the rail vehicle 9 is automated;

[0155] (5) By setting up a sensing device, the signal of the edge is detected and the high-frequency on and off of the laser is controlled so that the laser beam avoids the edge of the polyhedral prism, so as to avoid the problem of excessive internal temperature of the rotating mirror system caused by the diffuse reflection of the laser beam through the edge of the rotating mirror.

[0156] As described above, similar technical solutions can be derived from the given solutions. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser texturing system, characterized by: The application relates to a laser texturing device, which comprises a laser, a rotating mirror system, a control system and a sensing device, wherein, the control system is connected with the laser and the rotating mirror system through a communication system and controls the working states of the laser and the rotating mirror system according to a built-in laser texturing method; the laser receives the control instruction of the control system and is switched on and off according to the control instruction and emits laser with predetermined parameters; the rotating mirror system comprises a polyhedral prism, the polyhedral side of the polyhedral prism faces the direction of the laser, and the laser is reflected by the polyhedral prism to form a texturing path on the surface of a workpiece; a focusing mirror is arranged between the polyhedral prism and the laser, the focusing height of the laser beam can be dynamically adjusted by moving the focusing mirror forward and backward, the total path of the light beam reaching the surface of the workpiece through the focusing mirror is equal to the focal length, the laser acting on the surface of the workpiece in the scanning process is uniform, the problem that the focal length changes in the central region and the edge region leads to uneven texturing points is solved, the uniform texturing effect in the process of texturing the curved surface structure is ensured, the moving amplitude of the focusing mirror is related to the scanning amplitude, and the moving speed of the focusing mirror is related to the rotating speed of the polyhedral prism; the sensing device is connected with the control system, detects the corner signals in the rotating process of the polyhedral prism and controls the high-frequency on-off of the laser through the control system, so that the laser beam avoids the corners of the polyhedral prism; the sensing device comprises a photoelectric sensor and an antenna, the antenna is assembled and fixed in front of the corners of the polyhedral prism, the top of the antenna is inclined to the rotating direction and protrudes from the top surface of the polyhedral prism, the center point of the antenna is located at the position of a light spot center point in front of the corners, the photoelectric sensor detects the position of the antenna and sends the position to the control system, the laser is turned off when the antenna passes through the corners, and the polyhedral prism rotates through a distance of one light spot diameter; the sensing device further comprises a distance sensor and a partition plate, the distance sensor detects the distance between two texturing points or points with a certain distance before and after the current texturing point and the distance sensor, and the partition plate reduces the detection error of the distance sensor caused by the laser.

2. A laser texturing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: A collimator and a reflecting mirror for adjusting the light-emitting direction of the polyhedral prism are arranged between the focusing mirror and the laser.

3. A laser texturing method based on the laser texturing system of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The laser emitted by the laser is scanned on the surface of the workpiece through the rotating mirror system, the surface of the workpiece is texturized by laser, in the texturing process, the control system controls the high-frequency on-off of the laser according to the received corner signals, so that the laser beam avoids the corners of the polyhedral prism.

4. The texturing method of claim 3 wherein: When the height difference between two texturing points or points with a certain distance before and after the current texturing point and the distance sensor is greater than a preset value, it is determined that the current texturing surface is a curved surface and / or the next texturing point enters the curved surface structure, and the control system adjusts the laser parameters according to the interval of the height difference.

5. The texturing method of claim 4 wherein: When the surface of the workpiece being texturized is a curved surface and / or the next texturing point enters the curved surface structure, the control system controls the laser focal length of the next texturing point to be H+△h / 2, H is the focal length of the current texturing point. ​ 6. The texturing method of claim 4 wherein: When the height difference |△h| is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, it is considered that the surface of the workpiece being texturized is a curved surface and / or the next texturing point enters the curved surface structure, and △h is the height difference before and after the texturing point.

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