A millimeter wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of millimeter wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device, including two groups of thinner and parallel first metal plate, second metal plate and two first metal conductive layer with rectangular waveguide transmission line, second metal conductive layer, the first metal plate, second metal plate and first metal conductive layer, second metal conductive layer are sequentially crossed and stacked, the present application provides a new type of rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device, with cost advantage, can be used for electromagnetic wave emission or reception, or for both, with very good antenna performance, can work at different frequencies, such as 30GHz-300GHz range, but also outside this range, while can be used as independent antenna can also be integrated with other components can also be assembled into larger array with multiple waveguide slot antenna groups.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of millimeter-wave radar antennas, and in particular to a millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas, used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves, are one of the most critical components in radar systems, and their performance directly affects the performance of the radar system.

[0003] Currently, common radar antennas include microstrip antennas and lens antennas. Due to their low efficiency, complex structure, and high cost, lens antennas are increasingly being phased out of radar antenna designs. Microstrip antennas utilize a technique of etching metal patches of a specific shape onto a printed circuit board (PCB). Microstrip antennas are typically fed directly by coplanar waveguides (CPWs) or microstrip lines, and their low profile, simple manufacturing process, and low cost have led to their widespread use in radar antennas, especially at 24 GHz. However, CPWs, microstrip lines, and microstrip antennas are significantly affected by the PCB material. Below 30 GHz, lower-priced, slightly lower-performance PCBs can be used because antenna performance is less affected by the PCB material and remains within acceptable limits. However, above 30 GHz, cheaper PCBs result in increased attenuation for CPWs and microstrip lines, and decreased gain for microstrip antennas. Currently, high-frequency PCB raw materials are mainly monopolized by a few foreign material manufacturers, making them significantly more expensive than ordinary PCB materials.

[0004] Radar technology is evolving towards larger bandwidths, but the disadvantage of microstrip antennas is that their operating bandwidth is relatively narrow due to their structure, which cannot meet the needs of broadband radar antennas in the future.

[0005] With technological advancements, millimeter-wave radar is gradually evolving into 4D imaging millimeter-wave radar. A key characteristic of 4D imaging millimeter-wave radar is the increased number of antenna channels. 4D imaging millimeter-wave radar achieves greater horizontal and vertical field of view (FOV) and higher angular resolution in both directions by integrating more TX and RX channels through multi-chip cascading or single-chip solutions. The main problems brought about by more antenna channels are: limited available space for electronics and thermal limitations due to high power per unit area when electronics are overcrowded. These limitations or boundary conditions restrict the use of microstrip array antennas to low-power devices without filtering and limit the scanning range.

[0006] Because radar antennas operate at high frequencies, more antenna channels increase the complexity of microstrip feed network design and significantly increase the loss of the microstrip feed network. Currently, conventional microstrip array antenna designs can no longer meet the actual mass production requirements, making large-scale mass production more difficult.

[0007] Currently, there are solutions on the market that use waveguides as the feed network for integrated antenna designs. Waveguides have very low loss at high frequencies, making them very suitable for the multi-antenna channel design of current 4D imaging automotive radars. The fifth-generation radar now uses waveguides as the feed network for integrated horn antennas, but its antenna system is relatively large, especially in the Z-direction, with the antenna system thickness exceeding 13mm. This limits the stacking space for other automotive components within the limited vehicle body. Injection-molded structures have high requirements for injection molding precision and assembly processes, and their performance is greatly affected by size and process precision, which also significantly increases manufacturing costs.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need for a novel rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure that can be manufactured efficiently at a relatively low cost and can alleviate at least some of the problems discussed above. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device. This novel rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device has cost advantages and can be used for electromagnetic wave transmission or reception, or both. It has very good antenna performance and can operate at different frequencies, such as the range of 30GHz to 300GHz, but it can also operate outside this range. It can be used as a standalone antenna or integrated with other components, and multiple waveguide slot antennas can be assembled into a larger array.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device, comprising two sets of thin and parallel first metal plates, second metal plates, and two first metal conductive layers and second metal conductive layers with rectangular waveguide transmission lines, wherein the first metal plates, second metal plates, first metal conductive layers, and second metal conductive layers are sequentially and cross-stacked; the first lower surface of the bottom of the first metal plate is in contact with the third upper surface above the first metal conductive layer with rectangular waveguide transmission lines, the third lower surface of the bottom of the first metal conductive layer is in conductive contact with the second upper surface above the second metal plate, and the second lower surface below the second metal plate is in conductive contact or not in contact with the fourth upper surface above the second metal conductive layer; the first upper surface above the first metal plate is the antenna radiation direction towards space, the fourth lower surface of the bottom of the second metal conductive layer is in conductive contact with the PCB, and metal pillars that are in conductive contact or not in contact with the PCB are disposed on the fourth lower surface.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first metal plate is etched with a first rectangular slit and a second rectangular slit of different shapes. The second rectangular slit can be elliptical or rectangular oblique slit. The shorter second rectangular slit serves as the radiator of the antenna, with a length ranging from 1.5 to 5 mm. The longer first rectangular slit is located on both sides of the second rectangular slit and is used to adjust the radiation performance of the antenna.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second upper surface is provided with a narrower fourth rectangular slot and a wider third rectangular slot as radio frequency energy coupling slots. The fourth rectangular slot can be parallel to the propagation direction of the waveguide, perpendicular to the propagation direction of the waveguide, or intersect the projection of the propagation direction of the waveguide.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the first metal plate and the second metal plate is 0.2-1mm.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a metal waveguide cavity is provided on the third upper surface. There are 28 metal waveguide cavities. Each metal waveguide cavity includes a first rectangular waveguide cavity. The first rectangular waveguide cavity has a first protruding element and a first coupling gap inside. Rectangular grooves are provided on both sides of the first rectangular waveguide cavity. The first coupling gap is rectangular and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the first rectangular waveguide cavity. Its form can also be at an acute angle to the propagation direction of the first rectangular waveguide cavity.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third lower surface is provided with sixteen sets of first elements and twelve sets of second elements. The first element includes a second rectangular waveguide cavity. The second rectangular waveguide cavity is provided with a second protruding element inside. The lower surface of the second rectangular waveguide cavity is provided with a second coupling gap.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second element includes a third rectangular waveguide cavity, the third rectangular waveguide cavity having a third protruding element inside, and a third coupling slot being formed on the lower surface of the third rectangular waveguide cavity. The third coupling slot is located within 2-4 mm of the end of the third rectangular waveguide cavity and is perpendicular to the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the rectangular waveguide.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fourth upper surface is provided with sixteen sets of third elements and twelve sets of fourth elements. The third element includes a fourth rectangular waveguide cavity. The fourth rectangular waveguide cavity is provided with a fourth protruding element and a waveguide coupling port. The waveguide coupling port is provided with a fifth protruding element. The fifth protruding element and the fourth protruding element are in conductive contact. The fifth protruding element and the fourth rectangular waveguide cavity are in conductive contact.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, twenty-eight sets of rectangular waveguide feed ports are provided on the fourth lower surface of the bottom of the second metal conductive layer. Metal pillars are distributed around the rectangular waveguide feed ports, and the metal pillars are regularly or irregularly distributed around each set of rectangular waveguide feed ports.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal column is rectangular or cylindrical, the radius of the metal column is in the range of 0.2-0.5mm, and the spacing between two sets of adjacent metal columns is 0.5-2mm.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that this invention can achieve are:

[0021] This invention provides a novel rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure that has cost advantages and can be used for electromagnetic wave transmission or reception, or both. It has excellent antenna performance and can operate at different frequencies, such as the 30GHz-300GHz range, but also outside this range. It can be used as a standalone antenna or integrated with other components, and multiple waveguide slot antennas can be assembled into a larger array. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front and back structures of the first metal plate in this invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gap unit on the first metal plate in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the first metal conductive layer in this invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a linear rectangular waveguide transmission line inside the front side of the first metal conductive layer in this invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of the first metal conductive layer in this invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the linear rectangular waveguide transmission line on the reverse side of the first metal conductive layer in this invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rectangular waveguide transmission line with the reverse side bent in the first metal conductive layer in this invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a front view of the second metal plate in this invention;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a reverse view of the second metal plate in this invention;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a front view of the second metal conductive layer in this invention;

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the bent rectangular waveguide transmission line on the front side of the second metal conductive layer in this invention;

[0034] Figure 13 This is a reverse schematic diagram of the second metal conductive layer in this invention;

[0035] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure around the waveguide port on the reverse side of the second metal conductive layer in this invention.

[0036] Wherein: 1. First metal plate; 11. First upper surface; 12. First lower surface; 131. First rectangular slot; 132. Second rectangular slot; 2. Second metal plate; 21. Second upper surface; 211. Third rectangular slot; 212. Fourth rectangular slot; 22. Second lower surface; 3. First conductive metal layer; 31. Third upper surface; 32. Third lower surface; 33. Metal waveguide cavity; 331. Rectangular groove; 332. First rectangular waveguide cavity; 333. First protruding element; 334. First coupling slot; 34. First element ; 341, Second rectangular waveguide cavity; 342, Second protruding element; 343, Second coupling slot; 35, Second element; 351, Third rectangular waveguide cavity; 352, Third protruding element; 353, Third coupling slot; 4, Second metal conductive layer; 41, Fourth upper surface; 42, Third element; 421, Fourth rectangular waveguide cavity; 422, Fourth protruding element; 423, Waveguide coupling port; 424, Fifth protruding element; 425, Fourth element; 43, Fourth lower surface; 441, Metal pillar; 442, Rectangular waveguide feed port. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the technical means, creative features, and achieved objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. However, the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this invention and not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described herein without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0038] Example:

[0039] like Figure 1-14As shown, the present invention provides a millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device, comprising two sets of thin and parallel first metal plates 1 and second metal plates 2 and two first metal conductive layers 3 and second metal conductive layers 4 having rectangular waveguide transmission lines, wherein the first metal plates 1, second metal plates 2 and first metal conductive layers 3 and second metal conductive layers 4 are sequentially and crosswise stacked.

[0040] The first lower surface 12 at the bottom of the first metal plate 1 is in contact with the third upper surface 31 above the first metal conductive layer 3 with rectangular waveguide transmission lines. The third lower surface 32 at the bottom of the first metal conductive layer 3 is in conductive contact with the second upper surface 21 above the second metal plate 2. The second lower surface 22 below the second metal plate 2 is in conductive contact or not in contact with the fourth upper surface 41 above the second metal conductive layer 4.

[0041] The first upper surface 11 above the first metal plate 1 is the antenna radiation direction towards space, and the fourth lower surface 43 at the bottom of the second metal conductive layer 4 is in conductive contact with the PCB. The fourth lower surface 43 is provided with metal pillars 441 that are in conductive contact with or not in contact with the PCB.

[0042] The first metal plate 1 is etched with a first rectangular slit 131 and a second rectangular slit 132 of different shapes. The second rectangular slit 132 can be elliptical or rectangular oblique slit. The shorter second rectangular slit 132 serves as the radiator of the antenna, and its length ranges from 1.5 to 5 mm. The longer first rectangular slit 131 is located on both sides of the second rectangular slit 132 and is used to adjust the radiation performance of the antenna.

[0043] The shorter second rectangular slot 132 in the first metal plate 1 is designed with adjacent slots alternating around the first coupling slot 334 in the third upper surface 31 of the first metal conductive layer 3 as the center line. Alternatively, the shorter second rectangular slot 132 can be designed symmetrically around the center of the waveguide propagation direction, with the spacing between adjacent slots of the second rectangular slot 132 along the waveguide propagation direction being half a waveguide wavelength. In the direction perpendicular to the waveguide propagation direction, the spacing of the second rectangular slot 132 varies from 0.5 to 2 mm, and the number of second rectangular slots 132 can be set to more than one according to the actual application scenario requirements.

[0044] The second upper surface 21 is provided with a narrower fourth rectangular slot 212 and a wider third rectangular slot 211 as radio frequency energy coupling slots. The fourth rectangular slot 212 can be parallel to the propagation direction of the waveguide, perpendicular to the propagation direction of the waveguide, or intersect with the projection of the propagation direction of the waveguide. The thickness of the first metal plate 1 and the second metal plate 2 is 0.2-1mm.

[0045] The fourth rectangular slot 212 can also be transformed into other shapes, such as elliptical slots, irregular slots, triangular slots, etc. The size of the third rectangular slot 211 is the standard rectangular waveguide opening size determined according to the operating frequency; for example, the size of WR10 is 2.54mm * 1.27mm.

[0046] The third upper surface 31 is provided with metal waveguide cavities 33, and there are 28 metal waveguide cavities 33. Each metal waveguide cavity 33 includes a first rectangular waveguide cavity 332. The first rectangular waveguide cavity 332 is provided with a first protruding element 333 and a first coupling gap 334 inside. Both sides of the first rectangular waveguide cavity 332 are provided with rectangular grooves 331. The first coupling gap 334 is rectangular and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the first rectangular waveguide cavity 332. Its form can also be at an acute angle to the propagation direction of the first rectangular waveguide cavity 332.

[0047] The width of the first rectangular waveguide cavity 332 is determined according to the antenna operating frequency. For example, when operating at 77 GHz, the width is 2.54 mm. However, the width of the rectangular waveguide in this invention is not limited to 2.54 mm. The length of the first rectangular waveguide cavity 332 is determined according to the second rectangular slot 132. The shape of the first protruding element 333 is a regular cuboid or an irregular cuboid, or it can be other shapes. The first protruding element 333 is in conductive contact with the lower surface of the rectangular waveguide cavity, and the first protruding element 333 can also be omitted in this invention.

[0048] In this invention, four rectangular grooves 331 are used, but the number is not limited to four. They can be two, six, etc. The length of the grooves depends on the number of second rectangular gaps 132. The length ranges from 8mm to 20mm, but it is not necessarily limited to this range.

[0049] The third lower surface 32 is provided with sixteen sets of first elements 34 and twelve sets of second elements 35. The first element 34 includes a second rectangular waveguide cavity 341. The second rectangular waveguide cavity 341 is provided with a second protruding element 342 inside. The lower surface of the second rectangular waveguide cavity 341 is provided with a second coupling slot 343.

[0050] The width of the second rectangular waveguide cavity 341 is determined according to the operating frequency. For example, in this invention, the width is 2.54 mm at 77 GHz, and the length is 7.5 mm. Of course, it can also be appropriately shortened or lengthened according to the design stacking requirements. There are sixteen second rectangular waveguide cavities 341, and their shapes are consistent. The length of the rectangular waveguide can be adjusted as needed. The second protruding element 342 can be eliminated according to the actual design requirements.

[0051] The second element 35 includes a third rectangular waveguide cavity 351, inside which a third protruding element 352 is provided, and a third coupling slot 353 is provided on the lower surface of the third rectangular waveguide cavity 351. The third coupling slot 353 is located within 2-4 mm from the end of the third rectangular waveguide cavity 351 and is perpendicular to the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the rectangular waveguide.

[0052] The width of the third rectangular waveguide cavity 351 is determined by the operating frequency. For example, in this invention, the width is 2.54 mm at 77 GHz. Its length can be appropriately shortened or lengthened according to the design stacking requirements. In addition, the shape of the third rectangular waveguide cavity 351 can be appropriately bent as needed. There are twelve second elements 35 in total, and the number can be appropriately increased or decreased according to actual needs. The shape of the third protruding element 352 is a regular cuboid or an irregular cuboid, or it can be other shapes. The third protruding element 352 can also be omitted according to actual needs.

[0053] The fourth upper surface 41 is provided with sixteen sets of third elements 42 and twelve sets of fourth elements 425. The third element 42 includes a fourth rectangular waveguide cavity 421. The fourth rectangular waveguide cavity 421 is provided with a fourth protruding element 422 and a waveguide coupling port 423. The waveguide coupling port 423 is provided with a fifth protruding element 424. The fifth protruding element 424 is in conductive contact with the fourth protruding element 422 and the fourth rectangular waveguide cavity 421.

[0054] The width of the fourth rectangular waveguide cavity 421 is determined according to the operating frequency. For example, in this invention, the width is 2.54 mm at 77 GHz. Its length can be appropriately shortened or lengthened according to the design stacking requirements. In addition, the shape of the fourth rectangular waveguide cavity 421 can be appropriately bent as needed. The shape of the fourth protruding element 422 can be a regular cuboid or an irregular cuboid, or other shapes. The fourth protruding element 422 and the fifth protruding element 424 can be omitted according to actual design needs. The size of the fourth element 425 is determined according to the operating frequency. In this invention, the size is 2.54 mm * 1.27 mm. The size of the fourth element 425 can also be adjusted according to different operating frequencies. There are twelve fourth elements 425 in this invention. The number can be appropriately increased or decreased according to actual design needs.

[0055] The fourth lower surface 43 at the bottom of the second metal conductive layer 4 is provided with twenty-eight sets of rectangular waveguide feed ports 442. Metal pillars 441 are distributed around the rectangular waveguide feed ports 442. The metal pillars 441 are regularly or irregularly distributed around each set of rectangular waveguide feed ports 442. The metal pillars 441 are rectangular or cylindrical. The radius of the metal pillars 441 is 0.2-0.5mm. The spacing between two sets of adjacent metal pillars 441 is 0.5-2mm.

[0056] Working principle: The first metal plate 1 is a slot array antenna layer. Each channel has six antenna slots, resulting in a total of twenty-eight slot array antenna elements composed of six slots each. Additionally, each channel element has two rectangular slots on each side of its slots to increase antenna gain. The first conductive metal layer 3, carrying the transmission lines, has two sides. The front side consists of twenty-eight first rectangular waveguide cavities 332, with two rectangular grooves 331 on each side of each first rectangular waveguide cavity 332. Inside each rectangular cavity are irregularly shaped first protrusions 333, which are electrically connected to the inner surface of the rectangular cavity. The twenty-eight slot array elements in the first metal plate 1 correspond one-to-one with the twenty-eight first rectangular waveguide cavities 332 in the first conductive metal layer 3, and the rectangular slots in the first metal plate 1 correspond one-to-one with the rectangular grooves 331 in the first conductive metal layer 3. The second metal plate 2 has twelve third rectangular slots 211 of WR10 standard waveguide aperture size and sixteen narrower fourth rectangular slots 212. Sixteen fourth rectangular slots 212 couple energy into the second rectangular waveguide cavity 341 on the third lower surface 32 of the first metal conductive layer 3, and twelve third rectangular slots 211 directly transmit energy into the third rectangular waveguide cavity 351 on the third lower surface 32 of the first metal conductive layer 3. The second metal conductive layer 4 carrying the transmission line has two sides, front and back. The front side is composed of twelve WR10 standard waveguide port fourth elements 425 and sixteen long and bent rectangular waveguide third elements 42. The fourth element 425 of the WR10 standard waveguide port is projected and aligned one-to-one with the third rectangular slot 211 in the second metal plate 2. Its function is to transfer energy from the conductive layer to the second metal plate 2. The sixteen rectangular waveguide third elements 42 couple energy to the first metal conductive layer 3 at their ends through the fourth rectangular slot 212 of the second metal plate 2. Twenty-eight standard WR10 rectangular waveguide ports are integrated on the fourth lower surface 43 of the reverse side of the second metal conductive layer 4. Their function is to transmit the energy from the chip end to the first metal conductive layer 3 through the rectangular waveguide transmission lines in the first metal conductive layer 3 and the second metal conductive layer 4. The first metal plate 1 radiates energy into the air through the gaps in the first metal plate 1. The second metal plate 2, the second metal conductive layer 4, and the reverse side of the first metal conductive layer 3 form the transmission line function of the entire antenna system. This transmission line is a rectangular waveguide transmission line. The front metal waveguide cavity 33 of the first metal conductive layer 3 and the second rectangular gap 132 of the first metal plate 1 constitute the radiating body of the slot antenna. The second rectangular gap 132 is distributed in half the waveguide wavelength along the propagation direction of the metal waveguide cavity 33, and the outermost gap is a quarter waveguide wavelength away from the end of the metal waveguide cavity 33.

[0057] The above solutions provide a novel rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure with cost advantages. It can be used for electromagnetic wave transmission or reception, or both, and has excellent antenna performance. It can operate at different frequencies, such as the 30GHz-300GHz range, but also outside this range. It can be used as a standalone antenna or integrated with other components, and multiple waveguide slot antennas can be assembled into a larger array.

[0058] The antenna in this invention achieves a large field of view (FOV) in all directions and a small field of view (FOV) in the elevation plane.

[0059] In this invention, all the protruding elements in the rectangular waveguides are used to adjust the impedance matching of the transmission line. Depending on the actual impedance, these protruding elements can be eliminated.

[0060] There are three ways to assemble the antenna in this invention: assembling each layer of the antenna structure together by screwing; assembling each layer of the antenna structure together by welding; and assembling each layer of the antenna structure together by riveting.

[0061] The gaps in the metal plates in this invention are achieved through etching or stamping processes. The two metal plates can be made of copper or other metals, such as aluminum. The two metal plates and two conductive metal layers are assembled in a cross-sectional manner, and the assembly between them is achieved using various riveting or SMT reflow soldering techniques. The thickness of the assembled antenna is between 4.2mm and 13mm, but not limited to this size range.

[0062] To meet the heat dissipation requirements of integrated circuit chips, the second metal conductive layer 4 can be made of aluminum or other heat dissipation materials. The integrated chip can dissipate heat through the second metal conductive layer 4 in complete contact with the heat sink or thermal adhesive.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device, characterized in that: It includes two sets of parallel first metal plates (1) and second metal plates (2) and two first metal conductive layers (3) and second metal conductive layers (4) with rectangular waveguide transmission lines, wherein the first metal plate (1), first metal conductive layer (3), second metal plate (2) and second metal conductive layer (4) are stacked in sequence; The first lower surface (12) at the bottom of the first metal plate (1) is in contact with the third upper surface (31) above the first metal conductive layer (3) with rectangular waveguide transmission lines. The third lower surface (32) at the bottom of the first metal conductive layer (3) is in conductive contact with the second upper surface (21) above the second metal plate (2). The second lower surface (22) below the second metal plate (2) is in conductive contact or not in contact with the fourth upper surface (41) above the second metal conductive layer (4). The first upper surface (11) above the first metal plate (1) is the antenna radiation direction towards space, and the fourth lower surface (43) at the bottom of the second metal conductive layer (4) is in conductive contact with the PCB. The fourth lower surface (43) is provided with metal pillars (441) that are in conductive contact with or not in contact with the PCB. The first metal plate (1) is etched with a first rectangular slit (131) and a second rectangular slit (132) of different shapes. The second rectangular slit (132) is elliptical or rectangular oblique slit. The second rectangular slit (132) serves as the radiator of the antenna, and its length ranges from 1.5 to 5 mm. The first rectangular slit (131) is located on both sides of the second rectangular slit (132) and is used to adjust the radiation performance of the antenna.

2. The millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second upper surface (21) is provided with a fourth rectangular slot (212) and a third rectangular slot (211) as radio frequency energy coupling slots. The fourth rectangular slot (212) is parallel, perpendicular or intersecting with the propagation direction of the waveguide.

3. The millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the first metal plate (1) and the second metal plate (2) is 0.2-1 mm.

4. The millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third upper surface (31) is provided with a metal waveguide cavity (33), and there are 28 metal waveguide cavities (33). The metal waveguide cavity (33) includes a first rectangular waveguide cavity (332). The first rectangular waveguide cavity (332) is provided with a first protruding element (333) and a first coupling gap (334) inside. Both sides of the first rectangular waveguide cavity (332) are provided with rectangular grooves (331). The first coupling gap (334) is rectangular and is perpendicular to or at an acute angle to the propagation direction of the first rectangular waveguide cavity (332).

5. The millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third lower surface (32) is provided with sixteen sets of first elements (34) and twelve sets of second elements (35). The first element (34) includes a second rectangular waveguide cavity (341). The second rectangular waveguide cavity (341) is provided with a second protruding element (342) inside. The lower surface of the second rectangular waveguide cavity (341) is provided with a second coupling slot (343).

6. The millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second element (35) includes a third rectangular waveguide cavity (351), inside which a third protruding element (352) is provided. A third coupling slot (353) is provided on the lower surface of the third rectangular waveguide cavity (351). The third coupling slot (353) is located within 2-4 mm of the end of the third rectangular waveguide cavity (351) and is perpendicular to the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the rectangular waveguide.

7. The millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fourth upper surface (41) is provided with sixteen sets of third elements (42) and twelve sets of fourth elements (425). The third element (42) includes a fourth rectangular waveguide cavity (421). The fourth rectangular waveguide cavity (421) is provided with a fourth protruding element (422) and a waveguide coupling port (423) inside. The waveguide coupling port (423) is provided with a fifth protruding element (424) inside. The fifth protruding element (424) is in conductive contact with the fourth protruding element (422) and the fourth rectangular waveguide cavity (421).

8. The millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fourth lower surface (43) at the bottom of the second metal conductive layer (4) is provided with twenty-eight sets of rectangular waveguide feed ports (442). Metal pillars (441) are distributed around the rectangular waveguide feed ports (442). The metal pillars (441) are regularly or irregularly distributed around each set of rectangular waveguide feed ports (442).

9. The millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide slot antenna structure device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The metal column (441) is rectangular or cylindrical, and the radius of the metal column (441) is in the range of 0.2-0.5mm. The distance between two sets of adjacent metal columns (441) is 0.5-2mm.

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