A method for separating components of a photovoltaic module during recycling of the photovoltaic module

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for component separation in the recycling of photovoltaic modules. It synergistically combines high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide stripping with chemical removal. Regardless of which step comes first, it prepares the way for the subsequent chemical removal or stripping, allowing the two EVA removal steps to work synergistically. This method utilizes the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide and the high-temperature, high-pressure reaction conditions resulting from its supercritical state to rapidly separate EVA from other components in the photovoltaic module. It leverages the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide to achieve high-efficiency, low-pollution, and low-cost module separation during the recycling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic module recycling technology, specifically relating to a method for separating components of photovoltaic modules during the recycling process. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, as the threat of global warming to all of humanity has gradually increased, photovoltaic power generation, as an important renewable energy technology, has become a key development direction for many countries. However, the lifespan of widely used crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules is generally around 20 years. These modules are mainly composed of elements such as glass, silicon, copper, aluminum, and silver, and while they have some recycling value, they also contain harmful substances such as lead, selenium, and cadmium. If not properly recycled, they could cause serious environmental pollution. According to relevant organizations, by 2030, the global recycling volume of photovoltaic modules will reach 8 million tons, with China reaching a recycling scale of 1.5 million tons.

[0003] Currently, the key challenge in photovoltaic (PV) module recycling lies in the separation of its components. PV modules withstand up to 25 years of exposure to wind and sun, resulting in a relatively stable structure. The glass, solar cells, and encapsulant film are tightly bonded together by EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer). EVA is a thermosetting, adhesive film in PV modules, difficult to remove once formed. Therefore, component separation technology aims to separate the cured EVA from other valuable materials. Existing technologies for component separation in PV modules primarily employ chemical or thermal treatment methods. While chemical treatment can remove EVA, it is time-consuming. Thermal treatment, while also effective, is energy-intensive and carries the risk of pollutant volatilization. Currently, there is a lack of energy-efficient, fast, and low-pollution methods for separating PV module components during recycling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for separating components of photovoltaic modules during the recycling process, so as to solve the problems of long processing time of chemical treatment and high energy consumption and pollution of thermal treatment in the EVA separation process in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for separating components of photovoltaic modules during the recycling process includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Cut the photovoltaic modules to obtain photovoltaic module blocks that meet the set size conditions and place the photovoltaic module blocks to be recycled in the reaction vessel;

[0008] Step 2: Seal the reactor, introduce carbon dioxide into the reactor until the pressure inside the reactor is ≥15MPa, heat the temperature inside the reactor to ≥40℃, maintain for a set time, and then depressurize; when the pressure of CO2 inside the reactor is less than 7.3MPa, maintain for a set time, and during the depressurization process, the temperature inside the reactor is 40~90℃, thus obtaining the process photovoltaic module block;

[0009] Step 3: Place the process photovoltaic module block in the reactor, add the modifier, and introduce carbon dioxide to raise the pressure in the reactor to 8-10.5 MPa and the temperature to 150-300℃, and maintain this temperature for a set time.

[0010] Step 4: Introduce carbon dioxide to replace the gas in the reactor. Then, depressurize the reactor to atmospheric pressure and cool it to room temperature. Finally, input the gas discharged from the reactor into a gas treatment device for post-processing.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that:

[0012] Preferably, in step 1, the volume of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled is ≤ 30%-60% of the reactor volume; the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ the longest side of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled, or the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ the thickness of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled × 20.

[0013] The photovoltaic module blocks are laid flat and stacked in the reactor; the number of photovoltaic module blocks stacked in the reactor is ≤10 layers; the spacing between adjacent layers is ≥10 times the thickness of the photovoltaic module blocks.

[0014] Preferably, the set time is ≤1 min.

[0015] Preferably, the modifier is any one or more of toluene, trichloroethylene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol or glycerol.

[0016] Preferably, in step 4, the temperature of the gas discharged from the reactor before reaching the gas treatment equipment is >50°C and the pressure is >8MPa; the gas discharged from the reactor is reduced to normal temperature and pressure in the gas purification equipment, and after the solid is precipitated, the gas, solid and liquid phases are separated, and the modifier is extracted from the solid.

[0017] A method for separating components of photovoltaic modules during the recycling process, characterized in that,

[0018] Step 1: Cut the photovoltaic modules to obtain photovoltaic module blocks that meet the set size conditions and place the photovoltaic module blocks to be recycled in the reaction vessel;

[0019] Step 2: Place the process photovoltaic module block in the reactor, add the modifier, and introduce carbon dioxide to raise the pressure in the reactor to 8-10.5 MPa and the temperature to 150-300℃. Maintain this for a set time. Then, introduce carbon dioxide to replace the gas in the reactor. Finally, depressurize the reactor to atmospheric pressure and cool it to room temperature.

[0020] Step 3: Seal the reactor, introduce carbon dioxide into the reactor until the pressure inside the reactor is ≥15MPa, heat the temperature inside the reactor to ≥40℃, maintain for a set time, and then depressurize; when the pressure of CO2 inside the reactor is less than 7.3MPa, maintain for a set time, and during the depressurization process, the temperature inside the reactor is 40~90℃, thus obtaining the process photovoltaic module block;

[0021] Step 4: Input the gas discharged from the reactor into the gas treatment equipment for post-processing.

[0022] Preferably, in step 1, the volume of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled is ≤ 30%-60% of the reactor volume; the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ the longest side of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled, or the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ the thickness of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled × 20.

[0023] Photovoltaic module blocks are laid flat and stacked in the reactor; the number of photovoltaic module blocks stacked in the reactor is ≤10 layers; the spacing between adjacent layers is ≥10 times the thickness of the photovoltaic module blocks.

[0024] Preferably, the set time is ≤1 min.

[0025] Preferably, the modifier is any one or more of toluene, trichloroethylene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol or glycerol.

[0026] Preferably, in step 4, the temperature of the gas discharged from the reactor before reaching the gas treatment equipment is >50°C and the pressure is >8MPa; the gas discharged from the reactor is reduced to normal temperature and pressure in the gas purification equipment, and after the solid is precipitated, the gas, solid and liquid phases are separated, and the modifier is extracted from the solid.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention discloses a method for separating components of photovoltaic modules during the recycling process. Addressing the current problems in EVA removal during photovoltaic module recycling, this method utilizes the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide to develop a high-efficiency, low-pollution, and cost-effective method for separating components during photovoltaic module recycling. First, the cut photovoltaic modules are physically stripped using high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide, allowing some EVA on the surface of the module blocks to be removed. Simultaneously, a larger gap is created between adjacent modules. In the next step, under the combined action of a modifier and even higher-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide, the EVA between the modules can be better penetrated and removed, improving the EVA removal efficiency. This separation method utilizes the high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide in the second step to prepare for the high-temperature, high-pressure and chemical dissolution of the modifier in the third step, further enhancing the EVA removal effect.

[0029] Furthermore, the size requirements for the photovoltaic module blocks to be recycled are limited, so that the photovoltaic modules to be recycled can be fully separated in the second step.

[0030] Furthermore, the present invention also performs post-treatment on the exhaust gas to prevent the exhaust gas from polluting the environment, and can extract modifiers from it, thus significantly reducing costs.

[0031] This invention also discloses a method for separating components of photovoltaic modules during the recycling process. The method first dissolves the photovoltaic module under high temperature and pressure with a modifier, removing most of the EVA while simultaneously "soaking" stubborn EVA that is difficult to remove. Then, subsequent high temperature and pressure carbon dioxide treatment easily removes the stubborn EVA. The second step of chemical removal prepares the subsequent high temperature and pressure carbon dioxide stripping process, improving the effectiveness of the EVA stripping.

[0032] As described above, this invention discloses two methods for removing EVA during the recycling of photovoltaic modules. These methods synergistically combine high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide stripping with chemical removal. Regardless of which step is performed first, it prepares the way for the subsequent chemical removal or stripping, allowing the two EVA removal steps to work synergistically. This method utilizes the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide and the high-temperature, high-pressure reaction conditions resulting from the supercritical state of carbon dioxide to rapidly separate EVA from other components in the photovoltaic module. It leverages the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide to achieve high-efficiency, low-pollution, and low-cost module separation during the recycling process. The reaction temperature of the method involved in this invention is much lower than that of traditional thermal treatment methods, and the reaction rate is faster than that of chemical treatment methods. Furthermore, due to the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide, the emission of pollutants can be controlled, making the reaction process more environmentally friendly and possessing great application potential. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the second embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] First Implementation Method

[0037] See Figure 1 This embodiment discloses a method for separating components of photovoltaic modules during the recycling process. The photovoltaic modules generally refer to crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules widely used in solar power generation. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0038] S101, Pretreatment of photovoltaic modules

[0039] Before the components are separated, the photovoltaic modules to be recycled undergo pretreatment, which includes two steps: dismantling and cutting.

[0040] The specific dismantling steps involve removing easily separable components such as the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic modules to be recycled. Dismantling methods include, but are not limited to, manual dismantling, removal with power tools, and pressure removal of the aluminum frame.

[0041] The specific cutting steps are as follows: the photovoltaic modules to be recycled are cut into sizes suitable for reaction with supercritical carbon dioxide using appropriate methods to obtain photovoltaic module blocks of suitable size to be recycled.

[0042] Furthermore, the following two conditions must be met simultaneously: (1) the volume of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled is ≤ 30%-60% of the reactor volume; (2) the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ 1.5 times the longest side of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled, or the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ 20 times the thickness of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled.

[0043] Furthermore, the cutting methods for photovoltaic modules include, but are not limited to: guillotine cutting, abrasive wheel cutting, laser cutting, high-pressure water jet cutting, wire cutting, etc.

[0044] S102, Pressure Increase and Depressurization Procedure

[0045] S1021. Place the cut photovoltaic module blocks to be recycled into a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant reactor. The reactor's dimensions and volume should meet the requirements of step 1, and its pressure resistance should be no less than 18 MPa and its temperature resistance no less than 200℃. After the module blocks are sealed in the reactor, adjust the pressure inside the reactor to ≥15 MPa, the temperature to ≥40℃, and the pressure holding time to ≥30 seconds. The reactor should be immersed in high-purity carbon dioxide, with a carbon dioxide purity of no less than 99%.

[0046] The methods for placing the photovoltaic module block in carbon dioxide under certain temperature and pressure conditions during the above process include, but are not limited to, the following methods: filling the reactor with carbon dioxide at room temperature and pressure, further compressing the gas inside the reactor and heating the reactor as a whole / inside; filling the reactor with high-pressure carbon dioxide, heating the reactor as a whole / inside, and adjusting its pressure to the target pressure through pressure regulating devices such as valve groups; directly filling the reactor with carbon dioxide at the target pressure and temperature, etc.

[0047] It should be understood that the initial carbon dioxide pressure in the reactor during this process is ≥15MPa. The higher the initial pressure, the lower the pressure after depressurization, and the better the expansion effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on the EVA layer. Generally, it should be more than twice the critical pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide (7.38MPa).

[0048] It should be understood that, based on the pseudo-critical temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide being 31.1℃, the temperature must be raised above the pseudo-critical temperature during the above process. Considering the overall temperature deviation due to temperature measurement errors in engineering, the initial temperature is set to 40℃.

[0049] S1022, the carbon dioxide pressure in the reactor is depressurized at a rate of not less than 5 MPa / min. After the pressure drops to below 7.3 MPa, it is maintained for a set time. Temperature control should be implemented during the depressurization process to ensure that the temperature inside the reactor remains above 40 degrees Celsius but does not exceed 90 degrees Celsius. The pressure drop rate during the depressurization process can be controlled by the valve group to control the outlet flow rate, thus obtaining the process photovoltaic module block;

[0050] After reducing the pressure to 7.3 MPa and maintaining it for a period of time, it can be gradually depressurized to normal temperature and pressure, or the pressure and temperature can be directly increased to perform the following steps.

[0051] Preferably, after the pressure is reduced to 7.3 MPa, the set time is maintained for <1 minute.

[0052] It should be understood that when the modules to be recycled are in the reactor, they should be arranged as regularly as possible. It is advisable to set up horizontal structures such as racks / layers / plates in the reactor so that the modules to be recycled can be laid flat on each rack / layer / plate. The number of stacked layers of modules in the reactor should not exceed 10, and the spacing between each rack / layer / plate should not be less than 10 times the thickness of the photovoltaic panel.

[0053] It should be understood that the pressure for holding the pressure during this process is set to 7.3 MPa because the critical point of carbon dioxide is 7.38 MPa. To cause a drastic change in the physical properties of carbon dioxide, the pressure must be made to cross the critical point, from above the critical pressure to below the critical pressure. Considering engineering errors, the pressure is therefore reduced to below 7.3 MPa.

[0054] In the above steps, by pressurizing and depressurizing CO2, the EVA layer in the photovoltaic module expands due to the different solubility and volume of supercritical carbon dioxide under different pressure conditions. This results in a larger contact area between the EVA layer and the liquid, making it easier to dissolve. Introducing carbon dioxide causes the layers in the photovoltaic module to swell or separate, preparing for the subsequent dissolution reaction and allowing for a larger reaction space and more complete reaction.

[0055] S103, dissolved under high temperature and pressure

[0056] S1031, Place the process photovoltaic module block into a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant reactor. The dimensions and volume of the reactor should meet the requirements in step 1. After sealing the reactor, increase the pressure inside the reactor to 8-10.5 MPa and the temperature to 150-300℃. Maintain these conditions for at least 30 minutes.

[0057] Preferably, to enhance the stratification effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on photovoltaic modules, a modifier can be added to the supercritical carbon dioxide. The addition should be done before step 1301, that is, before the pressure in the reactor is increased to 8-10.5 MPa.

[0058] In this process, through the combined action of modifiers and high temperature and pressure, EVA is dissolved into supercritical carbon dioxide, achieving the goal of removing EVA. In particular, the EVA at the interface between EVA and the solar cell / glass can be completely removed, allowing the layers of the photovoltaic module to be separated, thus achieving the goal of removing the EVA layer.

[0059] Furthermore, the modifier can be dissolved in carbon dioxide before being injected into the reactor; alternatively, the modifier can be placed in a sealed, controllable cavity within the reactor, and released into the reactor after the appropriate step. The types of modifiers include, but are not limited to, toluene, trichloroethylene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, glycerol, etc.

[0060] Furthermore, during step S1032, the fluid within the reactor can be agitated to promote further mixing of the reactants and full diffusion of the modifier. Agitation methods include, but are not limited to, ultrasonic vibration, magnetic stirring, microwave, physical rotation stirring, and fluid jet agitation.

[0061] Step 1032: Introduce another stream of high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide into the reactor to completely purge / replace the gas inside. During the purging process, maintain the reactor temperature at 80-140℃ and the pressure above 8MPa until the gas is completely purged and replaced. Continue purging for at least 1 minute, and the purging volume should be greater than twice the reactor volume. After replacement, reduce the pressure to atmospheric pressure at a rate not exceeding 10MPa / min, and allow the reactor to cool naturally to room temperature. Remove the components inside, completing the EVA removal process.

[0062] Furthermore, in the above process, because supercritical carbon dioxide in the reactor will dissolve organic matter such as EVA, if the temperature and pressure drop below a certain level, the solubility of supercritical carbon dioxide will be insufficient, causing EVA to precipitate and contaminate the entire reactor. Therefore, all the gas containing dissolved EVA must be discharged.

[0063] S104, Exhaust Gas Treatment and Recirculation

[0064] Step 1041: The gas discharged from the reactor must undergo appropriate treatment and purification. Specifically, the temperature and pressure of the gas discharged from the reactor after step S1032 (including carbon dioxide, decomposition gas of EVA, and EVA itself) before reaching the appropriate gas treatment equipment should be maintained above 8 MPa and 50°C to prevent the precipitation of waste during the discharge process due to temperature and pressure drops, which could lead to blockage of the discharge channel. The discharged gas should first be cooled to ambient temperature and pressure in the gas purification equipment to precipitate solids and liquids, separating the gas from the solids. The gas can be dehydrated and re-enter the reactor for circulation, while the solids and liquids require further treatment.

[0065] Preferably, in the above process, an electric heating jacket and insulation cotton can be installed on the gas outlet of the reactor and the connecting pipe of the gas purification equipment to ensure that the pipeline is heated and maintained at the above temperature.

[0066] Preferably, in the above process, the discharged gas is directly depressurized through a pressure reducing valve and then enters a large proportion of water for rapid cooling and depressurization, causing the gas to precipitate out while the solid and liquid remain in the water.

[0067] Step 1042: If a modifier is added to the exhaust gas, the precipitated solid and liquid should be filtered to remove the solid components, and the modifier should be extracted and refined, then added back to the reactor for recycling. The remaining waste liquid should be directly discharged for collection and unified treatment. If no modifier is added to the exhaust gas, the precipitated solid and liquid should be filtered to remove the solid components, and the remaining waste liquid should be directly discharged for collection and unified treatment.

[0068] Second Implementation Method

[0069] See Figure 2 This embodiment discloses a method for separating components of photovoltaic modules during the recycling process. The photovoltaic modules generally refer to crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules widely used in solar power generation. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0070] S201, Pretreatment of photovoltaic modules

[0071] This step is the same as step 1 in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0072] S202, dissolved at high temperature

[0073] Step 2021: Place the photovoltaic module blocks to be recycled into a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant reactor. The dimensions and volume of the reactor should meet the requirements of Step 1. After sealing the reactor, increase the pressure inside the reactor to 8-10.5 MPa and the temperature to 150-300°C. Maintain these conditions for at least 30 minutes.

[0074] Furthermore, to enhance the stratification effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on photovoltaic modules, a modifier can be added to the supercritical carbon dioxide. The addition should be done before S201, that is, before the pressure in the reactor is increased to 8-10.5 MPa.

[0075] Furthermore, the modifier can be dissolved in carbon dioxide before being injected into the reactor; alternatively, the modifier can be placed in a sealed, controllable cavity within the reactor, and released into the reactor after the appropriate step. The types of modifiers include, but are not limited to, toluene, trichloroethylene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, glycerol, etc.

[0076] Furthermore, during step 2021, the fluid within the reactor can be agitated to promote further mixing of the reactants and full diffusion of the modifier. Agitation methods include, but are not limited to, ultrasonic vibration, magnetic stirring, microwave, physical rotation stirring, and fluid jet agitation.

[0077] S2022, another stream of high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide is introduced into the reactor to completely exhaust / replace the gas inside the reactor. During the exhaust process, the temperature inside the reactor is maintained at 80-140℃ and the pressure is maintained above 8MPa. After the gas inside the reactor is completely exhausted and replaced, the gas exhaust should continue for at least 1 minute, and the exhaust volume should be greater than twice the volume of the reactor.

[0078] S203, Pressure Increase and Depressurization Procedures

[0079] S2031. Place the cut photovoltaic module blocks to be recycled into a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant reactor. The reactor's dimensions and volume should meet the requirements of step 1, and its pressure resistance should be no less than 18 MPa and its temperature resistance no less than 200℃. After sealing the reactor, adjust the pressure inside the reactor to ≥15 MPa, the temperature to ≥40℃, and place it in high-purity carbon dioxide, with a carbon dioxide purity of no less than 99%.

[0080] The methods for placing the photovoltaic module block in carbon dioxide under certain temperature and pressure conditions during the above process include, but are not limited to, the following methods: filling the reactor with carbon dioxide at room temperature and pressure, further compressing the gas inside the reactor and heating the reactor as a whole / inside; filling the reactor with high-pressure carbon dioxide, heating the reactor as a whole / inside, and adjusting its pressure to the target pressure through pressure regulating devices such as valve groups; directly filling the reactor with carbon dioxide at the target pressure and temperature, etc.

[0081] S2032, the carbon dioxide pressure in the reactor is depressurized at a rate of not less than 5 MPa / min, and the pressure is reduced to below 7.3 MPa and maintained for a period of time. Temperature control should be implemented during the depressurization process to ensure that the temperature inside the reactor remains above 40 degrees Celsius but does not exceed 90 degrees Celsius. The pressure drop rate during the depressurization process can be controlled by controlling the outlet flow rate through the valve group.

[0082] Furthermore, when the modules to be recycled are in the reactor, they should be arranged as regularly as possible. It is advisable to set up horizontal structures such as racks / layers / plates in the reactor so that the modules to be recycled can be laid flat on each rack / layer / plate. The number of stacked layers of modules in the reactor should not exceed 10 layers, and the spacing between each rack / layer / plate should not be less than 10 times the thickness of the photovoltaic panel.

[0083] In this embodiment, a portion of the EVA is first dissolved using carbon dioxide and a flux. After dissolution, carbon dioxide is infiltrated into the entire photovoltaic module. Under rapid carbon dioxide pressurization and depressurization, the photovoltaic module can be peeled off.

[0084] S204, Exhaust Gas Treatment and Recirculation

[0085] S2041. Gases discharged from the reactor must undergo appropriate treatment and purification. Specifically, after step 3-2, the temperature and pressure of the gas discharged from the reactor before reaching the appropriate gas treatment equipment should be maintained above 8 MPa and 50 degrees Celsius to prevent the precipitation of waste during the discharge process, which could lead to blockage of the discharge channel. Carbon dioxide discharged should first have its temperature and pressure reduced to ambient temperature and pressure in the gas purification equipment, causing the precipitation of solids and liquids, thus separating the gas from the solids. The gas can be dehydrated and re-enter the reactor for circulation, while the solids and liquids require further treatment.

[0086] S2042, if a modifier is added to the exhaust gas, the precipitated solids and liquids should be filtered through physical filtration to remove the solid components, and the modifier should be extracted and refined, then added back to the reactor for recycling. The remaining waste liquid should be directly discharged for collection and unified treatment. If no modifier is added to the exhaust gas, the precipitated solids and liquids should be filtered through physical filtration to remove the solid components, and the remaining waste liquid should be directly discharged for collection and unified treatment.

[0087] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for separating components of a photovoltaic module during the recycling process, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Cut the photovoltaic modules to obtain photovoltaic module blocks that meet the set size conditions and place the photovoltaic module blocks to be recycled in the reaction vessel; In step 1, the volume of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled is ≤ 30%-60% of the reactor volume; the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ the longest side of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled, or the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ the thickness of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled × 20. The photovoltaic module blocks are laid flat and stacked in the reactor; the number of photovoltaic module blocks stacked in the reactor is ≤10 layers; the spacing between adjacent layers is ≥10 times the thickness of the photovoltaic module blocks; Step 2: Seal the reactor, introduce carbon dioxide into the reactor until the pressure inside the reactor is ≥15MPa, heat the temperature inside the reactor to ≥40℃, maintain for a set time one, and then depressurize; when the CO2 pressure inside the reactor is less than 7.3MPa, maintain for a set time two, and during the depressurization process, the temperature inside the reactor is 40~90℃, to obtain the process photovoltaic module block; Set time 2 ≤ 1 min; Step 3: Place the process photovoltaic module block in the reactor, add the modifier, and introduce carbon dioxide to raise the pressure in the reactor to 8-10.5 MPa and the temperature to 150-300℃, and maintain this temperature for a set time. Step 4: Introduce carbon dioxide to replace the gas in the reactor, then depressurize the reactor to atmospheric pressure and cool it to room temperature. Finally, input the gas discharged from the reactor into a gas treatment device for post-treatment. The modifier is any one or more of toluene, trichloroethylene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, or glycerol; First, the cut photovoltaic modules are physically stripped using high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide, allowing some of the EVA on the surface of the photovoltaic module blocks to be removed by high temperature and pressure. At the same time, a larger gap is created between adjacent photovoltaic modules. In the next step, under the combined action of a modifier and even higher temperature and pressure carbon dioxide, the EVA between the modules can be better penetrated and removed, thus improving the EVA removal effect.

2. The method for separating components of a photovoltaic module during the recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the temperature of the gas discharged from the reactor before reaching the gas treatment equipment is >50℃ and the pressure is >8MPa. The gas discharged from the reactor is reduced to normal temperature and pressure in the gas treatment equipment. After the solid is precipitated, the gas, solid and liquid phases are separated, and the modifier is extracted from the solid.

3. A method for separating components of a photovoltaic module during the recycling process, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Cut the photovoltaic modules to obtain photovoltaic module blocks that meet the set size conditions and place the photovoltaic module blocks to be recycled in the reaction vessel; The volume of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled is ≤ 30%-60% of the reactor volume; the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ the longest side of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled, or the shortest side or radius of the reactor is ≥ the thickness of the photovoltaic module block to be recycled × 20. The photovoltaic module blocks are laid flat and stacked in the reactor; the number of photovoltaic module blocks stacked in the reactor is ≤10 layers; the spacing between adjacent layers is ≥10 times the thickness of the photovoltaic module blocks; Step 2: Place the process photovoltaic module block in the reactor, add the modifier, and introduce carbon dioxide to raise the pressure inside the reactor to 8-10.5 MPa and the temperature to 150-300℃. Maintain this temperature for a set time of 3. Then, introduce carbon dioxide to replace the gas inside the reactor, and finally depressurize the reactor to atmospheric pressure and cool it to room temperature. Set time 2: ≤1 min. Step 3: Seal the reactor, introduce carbon dioxide into the reactor until the pressure inside the reactor is ≥15MPa, heat the temperature inside the reactor to ≥40℃, maintain for a set time one, and then depressurize; when the CO2 pressure inside the reactor is less than 7.3MPa, maintain for a set time two, and during the depressurization process, the temperature inside the reactor is 40~90℃, to obtain the process photovoltaic module block; Step 4: Input the gas discharged from the reactor into a gas processing device for post-processing; The modifier is any one or more of toluene, trichloroethylene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, or glycerol; First, the photovoltaic module is dissolved using high temperature and pressure and a modifier. While removing most of the EVA, it can also "soak" the stubborn EVA that is difficult to remove. Then, the stubborn EVA can be easily removed by subsequent high temperature and pressure carbon dioxide.

4. The method for separating components of a photovoltaic module during the recycling process according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 4, the temperature of the gas discharged from the reactor before reaching the gas treatment equipment is >50℃ and the pressure is >8MPa. The gas discharged from the reactor is reduced to normal temperature and pressure in the gas treatment equipment. After the solid is precipitated, the gas, solid and liquid phases are separated, and the modifier is extracted from the solid.

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