A potato grading mechanism

Abstract

The present application relates to a potato grading mechanism, comprising a frame, on which a plurality of conveying mechanisms are sequentially arranged from left to right along the length of the frame. The plurality of conveying mechanisms are arranged in a stepped manner, with the horizontal plane height of the conveying mechanism on the far left being higher than the horizontal plane height of the conveying mechanism on the far right. A buffer plate is provided between two adjacent conveying mechanisms. The conveying mechanisms are provided with a grading assembly, each of which is provided with a first circular grading hole and a second elliptical grading hole. The apertures of the plurality of first grading holes on the plurality of grading assemblies increase sequentially along the arrangement direction of the plurality of conveying mechanisms, and the apertures of the plurality of second grading holes on the plurality of grading assemblies increase sequentially along the arrangement direction of the plurality of conveying mechanisms. The present application has high sorting efficiency and a large number of sorting stages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of potato harvesting equipment, in particular to a potato grading mechanism. Background Art

[0002] After the potato harvest, they need to be graded for further processing, such as storage or sale. However, the harvest season often coincides with land preparation and other activities, resulting in a shortage of labor for grading. Furthermore, potatoes are perishable and easily rot if not handled properly or quickly. Furthermore, the selling price of potatoes varies depending on their grade, making it necessary for farmers to obtain a better price. Therefore, suitable potato grading machines are essential.

[0003] At present, most of the potato grading methods in my country adopt traditional manual grading, which is not only labor-intensive but also inefficient. Some use potato sorting mechanisms, but most of the existing potato sorting mechanisms on the market in my country have low sorting efficiency and incomplete sorting, and there is secondary potato damage. The application level in the field is not high, the sorting levels are few and the sorting efficiency is low. In addition, my country's potato grading machinery mostly adopts general equipment for fruit and vegetable products, and there are few potato-specific grading equipment, which cannot meet my country's demand for potato processing and export. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a potato grading mechanism to solve the problems of low potato sorting efficiency and few sorting levels mentioned in the above background art.

[0005] The present invention adopts a technical solution to solve the above technical problems: a potato grading mechanism, comprising a frame, on which a plurality of conveying mechanisms are sequentially arranged from left to right along the length direction of the frame, the plurality of conveying mechanisms being arranged in a stepped manner, and the horizontal plane height of the conveying mechanism located on the far left is higher than the horizontal plane height of the conveying mechanism located on the far right, a buffer plate being provided between two adjacent conveying mechanisms, a grading assembly being provided on the conveying mechanism, the grading assembly being provided with a first circular grading hole and a second elliptical grading hole, the apertures of the plurality of first grading holes on the plurality of grading assemblies increasing sequentially along the arrangement direction of the plurality of conveying mechanisms, and the apertures of the plurality of second grading holes on the plurality of grading assemblies increasing sequentially along the arrangement direction of the plurality of conveying mechanisms.

[0006] In one possible implementation, there are three conveying mechanisms, which include a main drive roller and a slave drive roller that are arranged to rotate relative to each other along the length direction of the frame. Belts are provided on the main drive roller and the slave drive roller. There are two belts that are arranged relative to each other along the width direction of the frame. The grading assembly is located between the two belts. A drive motor is provided on the frame to drive the main drive roller to rotate.

[0007] In one possible implementation, a receiving groove is provided on the frame at an angle inside the belt, the receiving groove is located between the main drive roller and the slave drive roller, the receiving groove is used to collect potatoes that fall from the first grading hole and the second grading hole, a collecting portion is provided at the lower end of the receiving groove, the inclination angle of the collecting portion is consistent with the inclination angle of the receiving groove, and a discharge port is provided at the lower end of the collecting portion.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the three drive motors are, from left to right, a primary motor, a secondary motor, and a tertiary motor.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the rotational speeds of the first-stage motor, the second-stage motor, and the third-stage motor are all 0.3 m / s.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the rotational speed of the first-stage motor is 0.4-0.5 m / s, the rotational speed of the second-stage motor is 0.35-0.4 m / s, and the rotational speed of the third-stage motor is 0.3-0.32 m / s.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the rotational speed of the first-stage motor is 0.3 m / s, the rotational speed of the second-stage motor is 0.3 m / s, and the rotational speed of the third-stage motor is 0.35 m / s.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the grading assembly includes a plurality of grading members arranged between two belts, the grading members include two symmetrically arranged curved rods, a plurality of first curved portions and a plurality of second curved portions are alternately provided on the curved rods, two opposite first curved portions on the two curved rods cooperate to form a first grading hole, and two opposite second curved portions on the two curved rods cooperate to form a second grading hole.

[0013] In a possible implementation, both sides of the curved rod are connected to the belts on both sides via locking pieces.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the locking part includes a locking bolt and a gasket, and a connecting part is provided on both sides of the bent rod. The connecting part is provided with a threaded countersunk hole that cooperates with the locking bolt, and the belt is provided with a waist-shaped through hole for the locking bolt to pass through. The locking bolt passes through the gasket and the waist-shaped through hole in turn and extends into the threaded countersunk hole to realize the connection between the belt and the bent rod.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: 1. The overall structure of the present application is simple, and the stepped structure design greatly improves the sorting efficiency and can realize the integration of sorting and collection. It can sort potatoes of four specifications and various shapes, with comprehensive coverage and a wide range of applications.

[0016] 2. Potato shapes are divided into ellipsoidal, spherical, long and other irregular shapes, and the round and oval shapes can adapt to the shape of potatoes to the greatest extent. Under the condition of certain sizes of round and oval shapes, ellipsoidal and spherical potatoes can fall into the round hole, and long and other irregular shapes can fall into the oval hole, thus realizing the grading of potatoes of different shapes and specifications.

[0017] 3. During harvesting, potatoes come in a variety of shapes, generally showing ellipsoidal, spherical, elongated, oblong and other irregular shapes. In the sorting mechanism, if a single circle is used, potatoes of the same weight and size grade may not be sorted together, resulting in uncertainty in grading and missed detection. Therefore, a second grading hole in the shape of an ellipse is added. On the one hand, the ellipse shape can adapt to different potato shapes to the greatest extent, so that potatoes of different shapes but the same specifications can be sorted together. On the other hand, the ellipse shape has a larger area. When large and extra-large potatoes are placed on it, the potatoes can be supported to prevent them from rolling left and right or shifting, and no secondary potato damage will occur. In addition, the ellipse shape can increase space utilization and improve sorting efficiency.

[0018] 4. By setting up a buffer plate, potatoes falling on it have a certain buffering effect, thus avoiding secondary damage to the potatoes to the greatest extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a first structural diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a second structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A bottom view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a side view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the curved rod and the belt of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of three types of bent rods of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the waist-shaped hole on the belt of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the gasket of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the leather buffer plate of the present invention.

[0028] Markings in the figure: 1. Frame, 11. Support plate, 2. Conveying mechanism, 21. Main drive roller, 22. Slave drive roller, 23. Belt, 231. Waist-shaped through hole, 232. Countersunk hole, 24. Driving motor, 3. Grading member, 31. Bending rod, 311. First arc-shaped portion, 312. Second arc-shaped portion, 313. Connecting portion, 4. Receiving groove, 41. Aggregate portion, 42. Discharge port, 5. Support shaft, 6. First grading hole, 7. Second grading hole, 8. Locking bolt, 9. Gasket, 91. Limiting shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more; the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] See also Figure 1-9 An embodiment of the present invention provides a potato grading mechanism, comprising a frame 1. A plurality of conveying mechanisms 2 are sequentially arranged on the frame 1 from left to right along its length direction. The plurality of conveying mechanisms 2 are arranged in a stepped manner, and the horizontal plane height of the conveying mechanism 2 located on the far left is higher than the horizontal plane height of the conveying mechanism 2 located on the far right. A buffer plate 5 is provided between two adjacent conveying mechanisms 2. The buffer plate 5 is a hard rubber or plastic plate. A grading component is provided on the conveying mechanism 2. The grading component is provided with a first circular grading hole 6 and a second elliptical grading hole 7. The apertures of the plurality of first grading holes 6 on the plurality of grading components increase sequentially along the arrangement direction of the plurality of conveying mechanisms 2, and the apertures of the plurality of second grading holes 7 on the plurality of grading components increase sequentially along the arrangement direction of the plurality of conveying mechanisms 2.

[0031] Combine Figure 1-4There are three conveying mechanisms 2, which are respectively a first-level conveying mechanism, a second-level conveying mechanism and a third-level conveying mechanism. The length of the first-level conveying mechanism is 700-800mm, the length of the second-level conveying mechanism is 900-1100mm, and the length of the third-level conveying mechanism is 800-900mm. A accommodating box can be set below the end of the conveying direction of the tail conveying mechanism 2, and there are also three corresponding grading components. The conveying mechanism 2 includes a main drive roller 21 and a slave drive roller 22 which are arranged to rotate relative to each other along the length direction of the frame 1. Belts 23 are provided on the main drive roller 21 and the slave drive roller 22. There are two belts 23 and they are arranged opposite to each other along the width direction of the frame 1. The grading component is located between the two belts 23. A drive motor 24 for driving the main drive roller 21 to rotate is provided on the frame 1. A support plate 11 is provided on the frame 1, and the drive motor 24 is arranged on the support plate 11.

[0032] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, a receiving groove 4 is provided on the frame 1 at an angle inside the belt 23. The receiving groove 4 is located between the main drive roller 21 and the slave drive roller 22. The length of the receiving groove 4 is greater than the distance between the two belts 23. The receiving groove 4 is used to collect potatoes that fall from the first grading hole 6 and the second grading hole 7. A collecting portion 41 is provided at the lower end of the receiving groove 4. The inclination angle of the collecting portion 41 is consistent with the inclination angle of the receiving groove 4. A discharge port 42 is provided at the lower end of the collecting portion 41. A collecting bag is provided at the discharge port 42 or a collecting box is provided below the discharge port 42. The angle between the receiving groove 4 and the horizontal plane is 10 degrees, and the angle between the collecting portion 41 and the horizontal plane is also 10 degrees. There are three storage grooves 4 and they are respectively arranged in three conveying mechanisms 2. The front projection view of the collection part 41 is an isosceles trapezoid. The collection part 41 has a first horizontal end, a second horizontal end and two inclined ends connecting the first horizontal end and the second horizontal end. The length of the first horizontal end is smaller than the length of the second horizontal end, and the discharge port 42 is located at the first horizontal end.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the three drive motors 24 are, from left to right, a primary motor, a secondary motor, and a tertiary motor. The rotational speed of the primary motor affects the first-stage sorting speed, the rotational speed of the secondary motor affects the second-stage sorting speed, and the rotational speed of the tertiary motor affects the third-stage sorting speed. The rotational speeds of the primary motor, the secondary motor, and the tertiary motor are all 0.3 m / s. The rotational speed of each motor can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and can be appropriately accelerated or reduced. When there are many small and medium-sized potatoes, the rotational speed of the primary motor can be increased to increase the sorting efficiency, with 0.4-0.5 m / s being the best. The rotational speed of the secondary motor is 0.35-0.4 m / s, and the rotational speed of the tertiary motor is 0.3-0.32 m / s. In this case, the second-stage sorting speed is about 1.1-1.25 times that of the first-stage sorting speed, and the third-stage sorting speed is about 1.1-1.2 times that of the second-stage sorting speed. When there are many large or extra-large potatoes, the speed of the third-stage motor can be appropriately increased, with 0.35m / s being the best. The first-stage motor and the second-stage motor are both set to 0.3m / s. This sorting speed can ensure that the potatoes are not skinned and damaged. If it is greater than 0.5m / s, the skin breakage rate increases significantly. If it is less than 0.3m / s, the sorting efficiency is low, and both are not the best choice. Therefore, this sorting method and sorting speed are the optimal choice for potato sorting, greatly avoiding the occurrence of secondary potato damage.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the grading assembly includes a plurality of grading members 3 arranged between two belts 23. The grading member 3 includes two symmetrically arranged curved rods 31. The curved rods 31 are alternately provided with a plurality of first curved portions 311 and a plurality of second curved portions 312. The two first curved portions 311 opposite to each other on the two curved rods 31 cooperate to form a first grading hole 6. The spacing between two adjacent first grading holes 6 is 1-1.5 mm. The two second curved portions 312 opposite to each other on the two curved rods 31 cooperate to form a second grading hole 7. The spacing between two adjacent second grading holes 7 is 0.2-0.5 mm. Figure 6As shown, the three grading components correspond to three different types of curved rods 31. During harvesting, potatoes have various shapes, generally showing ellipsoidal, spherical, elongated, oblong and other irregular shapes. In the sorting mechanism, if a single circular shape is used, it is very likely that potatoes of the same weight and size grade cannot be sorted together, resulting in uncertainty in grading and missed detection. Therefore, a second grading hole 7 in an elliptical shape is added. On the one hand, the elliptical shape can adapt to different potato shapes to the greatest extent, so that potatoes of different shapes but the same specifications can be sorted together. On the other hand, the elliptical shape has a larger area. When large and extra-large potatoes are placed on it, the potatoes can be supported to prevent them from rolling left and right or shifting, and no secondary potato damage will occur. In addition, the elliptical shape can increase space utilization and improve sorting efficiency.

[0035] like Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the two sides of the bent rod 31 are connected to the belts 23 on both sides through locking members, and the locking members include locking bolts 8 and gaskets 9. Connecting parts 313 are respectively provided on both sides of the bent rod 31, and threaded countersunk holes cooperating with the locking bolts 8 are provided on the connecting parts 313. A waist-shaped through hole 231 for the locking bolt 8 to pass through is provided on the belt 23. The locking bolt 8 passes through the gasket 9 and the waist-shaped through hole 231 in sequence and extends into the threaded countersunk hole to realize the connection between the belt 23 and the bent rod 31. Each waist-shaped through hole 231 can be installed with two bent rods 31. Countersunk holes 232 are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the waist-shaped through hole 231 on the belt 23. A limiting shaft 91 cooperating with the countersunk hole 232 is provided on the gasket 9. The length of the limiting shaft 91 is less than the depth of the countersunk hole 232. There are multiple countersunk holes 232. There are three countersunk holes 232 on both sides of the vertical center line. During installation, the limiting shaft 91 cooperates with the countersunk hole 232 to prevent the bent rod 31 from moving along the length direction of the waist-shaped through hole 231, thereby ensuring the stability of the connection between the bent rod 31 and the belt 23. On the other hand, by loosening the locking bolt 8, the angle of the bent rod 31 can be adjusted. The symmetrical angle of the two bent rods 31 can be appropriately adjusted upward or downward by 3-5 degrees from the original 180 degrees, so that the overall trend presents a sine wave or M-shaped trend, with high sorting efficiency and low secondary damage rate. On the other hand, by loosening the locking bolt 8, the spacing between the two bent rods 31 can be fine-tuned to avoid collision and interference between the two bent rods 31. When reinstalling, the limiting shaft 91 cooperates with the countersunk hole 232 at the corresponding position, and the locking bolt 8 can be tightened.

[0036] With the cooperation of three conveying mechanisms and three grading components, the present application can sort potatoes of four specifications and various shapes, with comprehensive coverage and a wide range of applications. In addition, the overall structure of the present application is simple, and the stepped structure design greatly improves the sorting efficiency and can realize integrated sorting and collection.

[0037] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Several other embodiments based on the design concept of the present invention are provided below.

[0038] For example, in other embodiments, different from the above-described embodiments, Figure 9 As shown, the buffer plate 5 is arc-shaped and tilted, and the angle between the buffer plate 5 and the horizontal plane is 55-60 degrees. Specifically, in this embodiment, the angle between the buffer plate 5 and the horizontal plane is 60 degrees. The higher end of the buffer plate 5 is hinged to the frame 1, and a support rod 52 is provided on the frame 1 below the buffer plate 5. A plurality of springs 51 are provided between the support rod 52 and the buffer plate 5. The cross-section of the support rod 52 is trapezoidal and has an inclined surface. One end of the spring 51 is connected to the buffer plate 5, and the other end is connected to the inclined surface. By arranging the spring 51 and the support rod 52, when the potato falls onto the buffer plate 5, the buffer plate 5 is subjected to the gravity of the potato and the downward impact force, and the spring 51 is compressed. The spring 51 can slow down the impact force generated when the potato falls, play a buffering role, and effectively prevent the potato from being damaged.

[0039] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A potato grading mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a frame (1), wherein a plurality of conveying mechanisms (2) are sequentially arranged on the frame (1) along the length direction thereof from left to right, wherein the plurality of conveying mechanisms (2) are arranged in a stepped manner and the horizontal plane height of the conveying mechanism (2) located on the leftmost side is higher than the horizontal plane height of the conveying mechanism (2) located on the rightmost side, and a buffer plate (5) is provided between two adjacent conveying mechanisms (2). The conveying mechanism (2) is provided with a grading component, wherein the grading component is provided with a first grading hole (6) in a circular shape and a second grading hole (7) in an elliptical shape, wherein the apertures of the plurality of first grading holes (6) on the plurality of grading components are sequentially increased along the arrangement direction of the plurality of conveying mechanisms (2), and the apertures of the plurality of second grading holes (7) on the plurality of grading components are sequentially increased along the arrangement direction of the plurality of conveying mechanisms (2); The conveying mechanism (2) comprises a main transmission roller (21) and a slave transmission roller (22) which are arranged to rotate relative to each other along the length direction of the frame (1); a belt (23) is provided on the main transmission roller (21) and the slave transmission roller (22); there are two belts (23) which are arranged relative to each other along the width direction of the frame (1); and a grading assembly is located between the two belts (23); The grading assembly comprises a plurality of grading members (3) arranged between two belts (23), the grading member (3) comprising two symmetrically arranged curved rods (31), a plurality of first arc-shaped portions (311) and a plurality of second arc-shaped portions (312) being alternately provided on the curved rods (31), two first arc-shaped portions (311) opposite to each other on the two curved rods (31) cooperating to form a first grading hole (6), and two second arc-shaped portions (312) opposite to each other on the two curved rods (31) cooperating to form a second grading hole (7), and two sides of the curved rod (31) are respectively connected to the belts (23) on both sides via locking members; The locking member includes a locking bolt (8) and a gasket (9), and connecting portions (313) are respectively provided on both sides of the bent rod (31), and a threaded countersunk hole matching the locking bolt (8) is provided on the connecting portion (313), and a waist-shaped through hole (231) for the locking bolt (8) to pass through is provided on the belt (23), and the locking bolt (8) passes through the gasket (9) and the waist-shaped through hole (231) in sequence and extends into the threaded countersunk hole to achieve the connection between the belt (23) and the bent rod (31); Each waist-shaped through hole (231) can be installed with two bent rods (31), and the belt (23) is provided with countersunk holes (232) on the upper and lower sides of the waist-shaped through hole (231), and the gasket (9) is provided with a limiting shaft (91) that cooperates with the countersunk holes (232). There are multiple countersunk holes (232) on both sides of the vertical center line of the waist-shaped through hole (231).

2. A potato grading mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are three transmission mechanisms (2), and a driving motor (24) for driving the main transmission roller (21) to rotate is provided on the frame (1).

3. A potato grading mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: A receiving groove (4) is provided on the frame (1) at an angle inside the belt (23). The receiving groove (4) is located between the main transmission roller (21) and the secondary transmission roller (22). The receiving groove (4) is used to collect potatoes that fall from the first grading hole (6) and the second grading hole (7). A collecting portion (41) is provided at the lower end of the receiving groove (4). The inclination angle of the collecting portion (41) is consistent with the inclination angle of the receiving groove (4). A discharge port (42) is provided at the lower end of the collecting portion (41).

4. A potato grading mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The three drive motors (24) are, from left to right, a primary motor, a secondary motor, and a tertiary motor.

5. A potato grading mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the first-stage motor, the second-stage motor and the third-stage motor is 0.3m / s.

6. A potato grading mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The speed of the first-stage motor is 0.4-0.5m / s, the speed of the second-stage motor is 0.35-0.4m / s, and the speed of the third-stage motor is 0.3-0.32m / s.

7. A potato grading mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The speed of the first-stage motor is 0.3m / s, the speed of the second-stage motor is 0.3m / s, and the speed of the third-stage motor is 0.35m / s.

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