High-strength steel bar connection device and use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-strength steel bar connection device and a method of use, comprising a base, a rotating frame, a bottom rod and a connecting seat; a screw is rotatably installed on the top surface of the base, and a movable seat is threaded on the screw, and arms on both sides of the movable seat pass through the base and slide with the base; the two ends of the base are symmetrically hinged with a rotating frame, the inner side of the rotating frame is provided with a top plate, and the outer side is provided with a push plate, the top plate and the push plate are connected by an oblique frame passing through the rotating frame, and the part of the movable seat passing through the base is connected to the oblique frame; a chuck is provided at the output end of the rotating frame, and a sleeve is detachably installed on the chuck; a slidable connecting seat is provided below the base, and a clamping plate is installed at the bottom of the connecting seat, and a screw tube with an axis that can be aligned with the axis of the sleeve is clamped between the clamping plates; an extension plate is installed on the side of the connecting seat, and a top frame parallel to the axis of the sleeve is provided on the side of the rotating frame, and the end of the top frame is overlapped on the extension plate. The present application can realize rapid centering of steel bars and more convenient connection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction equipment, and in particular to a high-strength steel bar connecting device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-strength rebar refers to threaded steel bars with a tensile yield strength of 400MPa or higher. These bars possess high strength and excellent overall performance. Replacing the currently widely used 335MPa threaded rebar with high-strength rebar can save an average of over 12% of steel. However, when using high-strength rebar, individual bars must be connected according to building requirements. Currently, these connections are typically made using techniques such as tying, welding, and mechanical connection.

[0003] However, the present inventor has the following problems in the practical use process:

[0004] Two straight threaded steel bars are screwed together and connected through an internal threaded sleeve, and the coaxiality of the two steel bars must be ensured during the connection process. Any slight deviation will bring difficulties to the screwing. In general, the length of the steel bars is long, and direct manual centering operation is inconvenient. The steel bars to be connected need to be placed on a special tool to align the steel bars before connection. This connection method is more troublesome, time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a high-strength steel bar connection device to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connection device and a use method, which can realize rapid centering of steel bars and make connection more convenient.

[0007] The technical problem to be solved is: two straight threaded steel bars are screwed together and connected through an internal threaded sleeve, and the coaxiality of the two steel bars must be ensured during the connection process. Any slight deviation will bring difficulties to the screwing. In general, the length of the steel bars is long, and direct manual centering operation is inconvenient. The steel bars to be connected need to be placed on a special tool to align the steel bars before connection. This connection method is more troublesome and time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connecting device, comprising a base, a rotating frame, a bottom rod and a connecting seat;

[0010] A screw is rotatably mounted on the top surface of the base, and a U-shaped movable seat is threadedly engaged on the screw. The two side arms of the movable seat pass through the base and slide with the base;

[0011] The two ends of the base are symmetrically hinged with a rotating frame, the inner side of the rotating frame is provided with a top plate, and the outer side is provided with a push plate. The top plate and the push plate are connected by an oblique frame passing through the rotating frame. The part of the movable seat passing through the base is connected to the corresponding oblique frame; the output end of the rotating frame is provided with a chuck, and a sleeve is detachably mounted on the chuck;

[0012] A connecting seat is provided below the base, and bottom rods are respectively provided at both ends of the connecting seat corresponding to the direction of the rotating frame. The bottom rods penetrate the connecting seat and slide with the connecting seat. The upper end of the bottom rod is connected to the base, and the lower end passes through the connecting seat and is fixed with a baffle. A large spring is sleeved on the bottom rod between the baffle and the connecting seat. A clamping plate is installed at the bottom of the connecting seat, and a spiral tube with an axis that can be aligned with the axis of the sleeve is clamped between the clamping plates.

[0013] An extension plate is installed on the side of the connecting seat, and a top frame parallel to the axis of the sleeve is provided on the side of the rotating frame, and the end of the top frame is overlapped on the extension plate.

[0014] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connection device. Further, a telescopic clamping head is installed on one inner side wall of the clamping head, and a bayonet for clamping the clamping head is provided on the sleeve.

[0015] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connection device, further comprising: an inner groove formed on the clamp, the clamp being disposed in the inner groove and having one end passing through an inner side wall of the clamp; a limit plate being installed on the portion of the clamp located in the inner groove;

[0016] A linkage rod is installed on the limit plate, the end of the linkage rod passes through the outer wall of the chuck, and a push spring is provided on the linkage rod between the limit plate and the inner groove wall. The chuck and the linkage rod are both slidably matched with the chuck.

[0017] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connection device. Further, a boss is provided on the outer end surface of the chuck, a bottom groove is opened in the boss, a connecting rod is slidably arranged in the bottom groove, the end of the bottom groove close to the linkage rod is connected to the end of the boss, the output end of the connecting rod is connected to the insertion rod extending out of the bottom groove, and the linkage rod is provided with a socket for inserting the insertion rod; a pressing plate located outside the boss is installed on the connecting rod, and a reset spring is sleeved on the connecting rod between the pressing plate and the bottom groove wall.

[0018] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connection device. Furthermore, a connecting frame is symmetrically installed at the bottom of the connecting seat, and the two splints are respectively installed with a movable plate located between the two connecting frames. A movable rod passes through the movable plate, and both ends of the movable rod are connected to the connecting frame. The movable rod rotates in cooperation with the movable plate; torsion springs cooperating with the movable plate are provided on the movable rods on both sides of the movable plate.

[0019] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connection device, further, the inner groove is communicated with the outer side wall of the clamp, a placement groove is provided on the outer end of the inner groove, and a cover plate for closing the inner groove is detachably connected to the placement groove.

[0020] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connection device, and further, a knob is installed on the upper end of the screw.

[0021] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connection device, further comprising a seesaw installed on one of the clamping plates.

[0022] The present invention provides a high-strength steel bar connection device, further, one end of the seesaw is hinged to the clamping plate; an external rod is installed on the base, and a mounting groove is opened at the lower end of the external rod, and the middle part of the seesaw is hinged in the mounting groove through an inner limit rod; an overhanging seat is provided on the external rod, and a cantilever plate is hinged to the overhanging seat, and the lower end of the cantilever plate is hinged to the upper end of the seesaw.

[0023] The present invention provides a method for using a high-strength steel bar connecting device, comprising the following steps:

[0024] First, clamp the sleeve on the chuck, insert the chuck into the bayonet to fix the sleeve, and insert the linkage rod into the socket to lock the position of the chuck to prevent the chuck from detaching from the bayonet and causing the sleeve to fall off;

[0025] Press the pick plate to open the splints through the seesaw, place the screw tube between the splints, release the pick plate, and the splints clamp the screw tube;

[0026] Insert the two steel bars into the corresponding sleeves respectively, turn the screw downward, and the screw drives the rotating frame to rotate downward. When the rotating frame moves downward, it is horizontally overlapped on the extension plate through the top frame, driving the moving seat to move downward to align the sleeve and the screw tube, and then connect the steel bars at both ends to the screw tube.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] Base comprises support, castor, and frame upper is provided with guide rail, and support and conveyer frames movable end contact site are provided with recoil spring or rubber cushion, and castor is arranged on the pin of base bottom four, to carry mobile handler location.

[0029] 2. This solution sets a chuck at the output end of the rotating frame, and the chuck is provided with an inner groove, and the chuck can be slidably connected in the inner groove, and the chuck can be extended and retracted in and out of the inner groove. A limit plate is provided on the end of the chuck in the inner groove, and the diameter of the limit plate is larger than the diameter of the chuck, so that the chuck will not leave the inner groove. A linkage rod is provided on the limit plate, and a push spring is provided on the linkage rod. The push spring can keep the chuck moving toward the bayonet position of the sleeve. When the sleeve is placed in the chuck, it can be limited by the chuck on one side, so that the sleeve can be stably placed in the chuck. A convex seat is provided on the chuck, and a The bottom groove is provided with a connecting rod that can be slidably connected in the bottom groove. The output end of the connecting rod is provided with a plug rod, which can be extended and retracted with the connecting rod on the convex seat. A pressing plate is provided at the connection between the connecting rod and the plug rod of the convex seat, and the pressing plate can drive the plug rod to move horizontally. A return spring is provided on one side of the connecting rod, and the return spring can move the plug rod to the socket position. The socket is provided on the side edge of the linkage rod. After the linkage rod and the clamping head are inserted to the bayonet position, the plug rod can be inserted into the socket, thereby fixing the linkage rod as a whole, and the clamping head will no longer be extended and retracted, thereby preventing the clamping head from being separated from the bayonet and causing the sleeve to fall off, thereby protecting the sleeve.

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a high-strength steel bar connection device provided by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a high-strength steel bar connection device provided by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a return spring in a high-strength steel bar connection device provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a connection of a torsion spring in a high-strength steel bar connection device provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of an inner groove in a high-strength steel bar connection device provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the seesaw in a high-strength steel bar connection device provided by the present invention.

[0037] Reference numerals:

[0038] 1. Knob; 2. Screw; 3. Base; 4. Bottom rod; 5. Rotating frame; 6. Sleeve; 7. Screw; 8. Slant frame; 9. Top frame; 10. Top plate; 11. Push plate; 12. Moving seat; 13. Boss; 14. Connecting rod; 15. Insert rod; 16. Socket; 17. Cover plate; 18. Linking rod; 19. Bayonet; 20. Press plate; 21. Return spring; 22. Bottom groove; 23. Chuck; 24. Chuck; 25. Inner groove; 26. Placement groove; 27. Push spring; 28. Limit plate; 29. ​​Connecting seat; 30. Large spring; 31. Baffle; 32. Connecting frame; 33. Clamp; 34. Movable plate; 35. Movable rod; 36. Torsion spring; 37. Extension plate; 38. External plate; 39. External rod; 40. Extension head; 41. Rocker; 42. Inner limit rod; 43. Pick plate; 44. Extended seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention discloses a high-strength steel bar connection device and a method of use, including a base 3, a rotating frame 5, a bottom rod 4 and a connecting seat 29. A screw 2 is rotatably installed on the top surface of the base 3, and a knob 1 is provided on the other end of the screw 2 for controlling the rotation of the screw 2.

[0040] The screw 2 is threadedly matched with a movable seat 12, and the movable seat 12 is U-shaped as a whole. The two side arms of the movable seat 12 pass through the base 3 and slide with the base 3; the two ends of the base 3 are symmetrically hinged with a rotating frame 5. In this application, the rotating frame 5 is composed of a plate hinged with the base 3 and a rod connecting the plate. A top plate 10 is provided on the inner side of the rotating frame 5, and a push plate 11 is provided on the outer side. The top plate 10 and the push plate 11 are clamped on the inner and outer sides of the rotating frame 5. The top plate 10 and the push plate 11 are connected by the oblique frame 8 passing through the inside of the rotating frame 5, and the movable seat 12 passes through the end of the base 3 and is connected to the corresponding oblique frame 8; turning the screw 2 downward, the movable frame moves downward, and the push plate 11 is driven downward by the oblique frame 8, and the push plate 11 pushes the rotating frame 5 to rotate downward; turning the screw 2 upward, the movable frame moves upward, and the top plate 10 is driven upward by the oblique frame 8, and the top plate 10 pushes the rotating frame 5 to rotate upward.

[0041] A chuck 23 is provided at the output end of the rotating frame 5, and a sleeve 6 is detachably mounted on the chuck 23. The axes of the sleeves 6 on the two rotating frames 5 are located on the same straight line. Specifically, a chuck 24 that can be telescoped inward and outward is installed on one inner side wall of the chuck 23. A bayonet 19 for snapping into the chuck 24 is provided on the sleeve 6. The chuck 24 is snapped into the bayonet 19 to fix the sleeve 6 on the chuck 23.

[0042] An inner groove 25 is formed on the chuck 23, and the inner groove 25 is communicated with the outer wall of the chuck 23. A placement groove 26 is provided on the outer end of the inner groove 25. A cover plate 17 for closing the inner groove 25 is detachably mounted on the placement groove 26 by screws. The clamp 24 is arranged in the inner groove 25 and one end thereof passes through the inner wall of the chuck 23 and slides with the chuck 23 to be clamped into the bayonet 19. A limit plate 28 is installed on the part of the clamp 24 located in the inner groove 25. The limit plate 28 is arranged in a circular shape. The diameter of the limiting plate 28 is larger than the diameter of the clamping head 24. A linkage rod 18 is connected to the limiting plate 28. The end of the linkage rod 18 passes through the cover plate 17 and slides with the cover plate 17. A push spring 27 is provided on the linkage rod 18 between the limiting plate 28 and the wall of the inner groove 25. The push spring 27 can drive the limiting plate 28 to move, thereby pushing the clamping head 24 out of the inner groove 25 and clamping it into the bayonet 19, thereby limiting the sleeve 6 and facilitating the installation and disassembly of the sleeve 6.

[0043] A boss 13 is provided on the outer end surface of the chuck 23. A bottom groove 22 is defined within the boss 13. The end of the bottom groove 22, which is closest to the linkage rod 18, is connected to the end of the boss 13. A connecting rod 14 slides within the bottom groove 22. The output end of the connecting rod 14 is connected to a plunger 15 that extends out of the bottom groove 22. The linkage rod 18 has a socket 16 for inserting the plunger 15. A pressing plate 20 is mounted on the connecting rod 14, located outside the boss 13. A return spring 21 is sleeved between the pressing plate 20 and the wall of the bottom groove 22. The return spring 21 forces the linkage rod 18 to be inserted into the socket 16, thereby locking the chuck 24 in position and preventing it from disengaging from the latch 19 and causing the sleeve 6 to fall off. The pressing plate 20 is used to control the movement of the connecting rod 14.

[0044] A connecting seat 29 is provided below the base 3, and bottom rods 4 are respectively provided at both ends of the connecting seat 29 corresponding to the direction of the rotating frame 5. The bottom rod 4 passes through the connecting seat 29 and slides with the connecting seat 29. The upper end of the bottom rod 4 is connected to the base 3, and the lower end passes through the connecting seat 29 and is fixed with a baffle 31. A large spring 30 is sleeved on the bottom rod 4 between the baffle 31 and the connecting seat 29. The large spring 30 is used to reset the connecting seat 29 after it is displaced.

[0045] The bottom of the connecting seat 29 is equipped with a clamping plate 33. The clamping plate 33 is curved and clamps the screw 7 between the clamping plates 33, with the axis aligned with the axis of the sleeve 6. The side of the connecting seat 29 is equipped with an extension plate 37. The side of the rotating frame 5 is provided with a top frame 9 parallel to the axis of the sleeve 6, and the end of the top frame 9 overlaps the extension plate 37. As the top frame 9 gradually aligns with the rotating frame 5, it pushes the extension plate 37, which drives the connecting seat 29 to move. The connecting seat 29 drives the screw 7 to align with the sleeve 6, so that the steel bar in the sleeve 6 is aligned with the screw 7, and then the screw 7 and the steel bar are connected. This improves construction efficiency and reduces labor intensity.

[0046] A connecting frame 32 is symmetrically installed at the bottom of the connecting seat 29, and there are two splints 33. A movable plate 34 located between the two connecting frames 32 is respectively installed on the two splints 33. A movable rod 35 runs through the movable plate 34. Both ends of the movable rod 35 are connected to the connecting frame 32, and the movable rod 35 rotates in coordination with the movable plate 34. Torsion springs 36 that cooperate with the movable plate 34 are provided on the movable rod 35 on both sides of the movable plate 34. The torsion springs 36 can drive the splints 33 to clamp on the screw tube 7, thereby fixing the screw tube 7.

[0047] A protruding head 40 is provided on the side edge of one of the splints 33, and a rocker 41 is hinged on the protruding head 40; an additional rod 39 is installed on the base 3, and the additional rod 39 is detachably mounted on the base 3 through the additional plate 38; a mounting groove is provided at the lower end of the additional rod 39, and the middle part of the rocker 41 is hinged in the mounting groove through the inner limit rod 42, and an overhanging seat 44 is provided on the external rod 39, and a lifting plate 43 is hinged on the overhanging seat 44, and the lower end of the lifting plate 43 is hinged to the upper end of the rocker.

[0048] By pressing the lifting plate 43 , the clamping plate 33 can be driven to open through the lifting rod, so as to facilitate the placement of the screw tube 7 .

[0049] Here’s how to use it:

[0050] First, clamp the sleeve 6 on the clamp 23, and the clamp 24 is clamped into the bayonet 19 to fix the sleeve 6, and insert the linkage rod 18 into the socket 16 to lock the position of the clamp 24 to prevent the clamp 24 from detaching from the bayonet 19 and causing the sleeve 6 to fall off.

[0051] Press the lifting plate 43 to open the clamping plates 33 through the seesaw, and place the screw tube 7 between the clamping plates 33 . Release the lifting plate 43 and the clamping plates 33 will clamp the screw tube 7 .

[0052] Insert the two steel bars into the corresponding sleeves 6 respectively, rotate the screw 2 downward, and the screw 2 drives the rotating frame 5 to rotate downward. When the rotating frame 5 moves downward, it is horizontally overlapped on the extension plate 37 through the top frame 9, driving the moving seat 12 to move downward, so that the sleeve 6 is aligned with the screw tube 7, and then the steel bars at both ends are connected to the screw tube 7. However, the steel bars are connected at one time, and there is no need to align the steel bars separately. Through the setting, one connection can be achieved, which improves construction efficiency and reduces labor intensity.

[0053] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-strength steel bar connection device, characterized in that: It comprises a base (3), a rotating frame (5), a bottom rod (4) and a connecting seat (29); A screw rod (2) is rotatably mounted on the top surface of the base (3), and a U-shaped movable seat (12) is threadedly engaged with the screw rod (2), and two side arms of the movable seat (12) pass through the base (3) and are slidably engaged with the base (3); The two ends of the base (3) are symmetrically hinged with a rotating frame (5), and the rotating frame (5) is composed of a plate member hinged to the base (3) and a rod member connecting the plate member. The inner side of the rotating frame (5) is provided with a top plate (10), and the outer side is provided with a push plate (11). The top plate (10) and the push plate (11) are connected by an oblique frame (8) passing through the rotating frame (5). The movable seat (12) passes through the part of the base (3) and is connected to the corresponding oblique frame (8); the output end of the rotating frame (5) is provided with a chuck (23), and a sleeve (6) is detachably mounted on the chuck (23); A connecting seat (29) is provided below the base (3), and bottom rods (4) are provided at both ends of the connecting seat (29) corresponding to the direction of the rotating frame (5), and the bottom rod (4) passes through the connecting seat (29) and slides with the connecting seat (29); the upper end of the bottom rod (4) is connected to the base (3), and the lower end passes through the connecting seat (29) and is fixed with a baffle (31), and a large spring (30) is sleeved on the bottom rod (4) between the baffle (31) and the connecting seat (29); a clamping plate (33) is installed at the bottom of the connecting seat (29), and a screw tube (7) whose axis can be aligned with the axis of the sleeve (6) is clamped between the clamping plates (33); An extension plate (37) is installed on the side of the connecting seat (29), and a top frame (9) parallel to the axis of the sleeve (6) is provided on the side of the rotating frame (5), and the end of the top frame (9) is overlapped on the extension plate (37).

2. A high-strength steel bar connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A telescopic clamping head (24) is installed on one inner side wall of the clamping head (23), and a bayonet (19) for clamping the clamping head (24) is provided on the sleeve (6).

3. A high-strength steel bar connection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The chuck (23) is provided with an inner groove (25), the chuck (24) is arranged in the inner groove (25) and one end thereof passes through the inner side wall of the chuck (23); a limit plate (28) is installed on the portion of the chuck (24) located in the inner groove (25); A linkage rod (18) is mounted on the limit plate (28), the end of the linkage rod (18) passes through the outer wall of the clamp (23), a push spring (27) is provided on the linkage rod (18) between the limit plate (28) and the wall of the inner groove (25), and the clamp (24) and the linkage rod (18) are both slidably matched with the clamp (23).

4. A high-strength steel bar connection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A convex seat (13) is provided on the outer end surface of the chuck (23), a bottom groove (22) is provided in the convex seat (13), a connecting rod (14) is slidably provided in the bottom groove (22), an end of the bottom groove (22) close to the linkage rod (18) is connected to the end of the convex seat (13), the output end of the connecting rod (14) is connected to the insertion rod (15) extending out of the bottom groove (22), and the linkage rod (18) is provided with a socket (16) for inserting the insertion rod (15); a pressing plate (20) located outside the convex seat (13) is installed on the connecting rod (14), and a return spring (21) is sleeved on the connecting rod (14) between the pressing plate (20) and the wall of the bottom groove (22).

5. A high-strength steel bar connection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting frame (32) is symmetrically installed at the bottom of the connecting seat (29), and the clamping plates (33) are two pieces. A movable plate (34) located between the two connecting frames (32) is respectively installed on the two clamping plates (33). A movable rod (35) runs through the movable plate (34). Both ends of the movable rod (35) are connected to the connecting frame (32), and the movable rod (35) and the movable plate (34) are rotatably matched. Torsion springs (36) that match the movable plate (34) are provided on the movable rod (35) on both sides of the movable plate (34).

6. The high-strength steel bar connection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner groove (25) is communicated with the outer side wall of the clamp (23), and a placement groove (26) is provided on the outer end of the inner groove (25). A cover plate (17) for closing the inner groove (25) is detachably connected to the placement groove (26).

7. The high-strength steel bar connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A knob (1) is mounted on the upper end of the screw rod (2).

8. The high-strength steel bar connection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rocker plate (41) is mounted on one of the clamping plates (33).

9. The high-strength steel bar connection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: One end of the rocker (41) is hinged to the clamping plate (33); an external rod (39) is installed on the base (3), and a mounting groove is provided at the lower end of the external rod (39), and the middle part of the rocker (41) is hinged in the mounting groove through an inner limit rod (42); an overhanging seat (44) is provided on the external rod (39), and a lifting plate (43) is hinged to the overhanging seat (44), and the lower end of the lifting plate (43) is hinged to the upper end of the rocker (41).

10. A method for using the high-strength steel bar connection device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: First, the sleeve (6) is clamped on the clamp (23), and the clamp (24) is clamped into the bayonet (19) to fix the sleeve (6), and the linkage rod (18) is inserted into the socket (16) to lock the position of the clamp (24) to prevent the clamp (24) from being separated from the bayonet (19) and causing the sleeve (6) to fall off; Press the pick plate (43) to open the clamping plates (33) through the seesaw, place the screw tube (7) between the clamping plates (33), release the pick plate (43), and the clamping plates (33) clamp the screw tube (7); Insert two steel bars into corresponding sleeves (6) respectively, rotate the screw rod (2) downward, the screw rod (2) drives the rotating frame (5) to rotate downward, and when the rotating frame (5) moves downward, it is horizontally overlapped on the extension plate (37) through the top frame (9), driving the moving seat (12) to move downward, so that the sleeve (6) and the screw tube (7) are aligned, and then the steel bars at both ends are connected to the screw tube (7).

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