Fishway entrance structure combined with dam body and fish passing method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a fishway entrance structure combined with a dam body and a fish passing method thereof. The fishway entrance structure comprises a fishway entrance mechanism arranged downstream of a dam body, the fishway entrance mechanism comprises a fishway groove arranged close to the dam body, the fishway groove is arranged obliquely along the length direction thereof, a fish collecting groove is arranged on the side of the fishway groove away from the dam body, a communication port is arranged between the end of the fishway groove and the end of the fish collecting groove, the communication port is arranged at the lower end of the fishway groove, the end of the fish collecting groove away from the communication port is provided with a fish collecting groove entrance, and the higher end of the fishway groove is provided with a fish outlet, which is used for being communicated with a fishway arranged on the bank. The fishway entrance structure and the fish passing method thereof are beneficial to guiding fish into the fishway by optimizing the fishway entrance structure and facilitating fish collection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fishway, in particular to a fishway entrance structure combined with a dam body and a fish passing method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of economy, the demand for energy is increasing, and the hub project is also advancing, which brings various ecological problems of rivers, especially the hindrance of fish migration by water conservancy projects. Fishway is the most widely used fish passing facility, which can effectively restore the fish migration channel and protect the water ecological environment of the river basin. There are three types of fishway, including natural fishway, technical fishway and fish elevator. The natural fishway uses some small tributaries of the river to build, which can simulate the water flow state of the natural river as much as possible, and has high fish passing efficiency, does not need extra engineering construction, and has the least impact on the ecological environment. However, the natural fishway is easily restricted by river characteristics, geographical environment and investment funds due to its harsh river conditions. The fish elevator is generally used in the case of large water level difference of the hydropower station due to its complex structure. Therefore, in actual engineering, the technical fishway is still the main type, such as the fishway structure completed in China and most of the fishway structures.

[0003] Among the technical fishway, the baffle fishway is the most widely used, including vertical slit type, overflow weir type, submerged orifice type and combined type. The overall structure of the fishway is generally built on the land adjacent to the hydropower station, and only the fishway entrance is connected to the river. In most cases, the fishway has a single entrance, but when the fishway efficiency needs to be improved or the river water level changes greatly, multiple fishway entrances need to be built to meet the fish passing requirements of different water levels.

[0004] In actual work, the effectiveness of fish collection at the fishway entrance is the premise of the success of the fish passing facility. For tens of meters, hundreds of meters or even thousands of meters of river, only a few meters of fishway entrance structure is like a "pinhole". Although auxiliary fish collection measures such as multiple entrance structure, water flow fish induction, light fish induction and bubble fish induction have been developed to attract fish into the fishway as much as possible, the target fish entering the fishway still accounts for a small part, resulting in low fish passing efficiency. Most of the induced water flow is the tail water discharged from the production room, which has a large flow rate. For fish with weak swimming ability, the induced water flow not only does not have the effect of fish induction, but also hinders the fish from entering the fishway, which has the opposite effect. For the fishway entrance arranged on the side of the river, the target fish mainly active in the center of the river have difficulty in finding the fishway entrance to complete the fish migration activity. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a fishway entrance structure combined with a dam body and a fish passing method thereof, which optimizes the fishway entrance structure, facilitates fish collection and is conducive to guiding fish into the fishway.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a fishway entrance structure combined with a dam body, comprising a fishway entrance mechanism arranged downstream of a dam body main body, the fishway entrance mechanism comprising a fishway groove arranged close to the dam body main body, the fishway groove being arranged obliquely along its length direction, a fish collecting groove being arranged on the side of the fishway groove away from the dam body main body, a communication opening being arranged between the end of the fishway groove and the fish collecting groove, the communication opening being arranged at the lower end of the fishway groove, the end of the fish collecting groove away from the communication opening being provided with a fish collecting groove entrance, and the higher end of the fishway groove being provided with a fish outlet for communicating with a fishway arranged on the bank.

[0007] In the preferred scheme, a plurality of water inlet channels are arranged in the dam body main body, the water inlet channels are arranged on the upstream side of the opening of the dam body main body, the other end of the water inlet channel is connected with a water turbine working chamber, the bottom of the water turbine working chamber is connected with a draft tube, and the end of the draft tube is arranged downstream of the dam body main body.

[0008] In the preferred scheme, a water diversion pipe is arranged on one side of the water turbine working chamber, the water diversion pipe is connected with a water storage tank, a flow guide plate is arranged on one side of the water storage tank, and the outer side of the flow guide plate is arranged above the fish collecting groove.

[0009] In the preferred scheme, a plurality of transversely arranged transverse partitions are arranged in the fishway groove, and a fish passing gap is arranged between the end of the transverse partition and the side wall of the fishway groove.

[0010] In the preferred scheme, the communication opening is provided with a partition plate.

[0011] In the preferred scheme, the bottom of the communication opening is provided with a plug-in opening, and the bottom of the partition plate is provided with a plug-in protrusion corresponding to the plug-in opening.

[0012] In the preferred scheme, the downstream side wall of the fish collecting groove is provided with a sliding hole matched with a lifting plate, and the lifting plate is driven by a lifting mechanism.

[0013] In the preferred scheme, the lifting mechanism comprises a driving motor arranged on a base, a gear shaft is arranged at the output end of the driving motor, a driving bevel gear is arranged on the gear shaft, the driving bevel gear is engaged with a driven bevel gear, the driven bevel gear is mounted on a rotating screw rod, the lower end of the rotating screw rod is rotatably mounted on a mounting seat, the upper end of the rotating screw rod is matched with a lifting cylinder, the inner wall of the lifting cylinder is provided with an inner thread matched with the rotating screw rod, the lower end of the lifting plate is provided with a support plate, and the lifting cylinder is connected with the support plate.

[0014] In the preferred scheme, the bottom of the support plate is provided with a limiting cylinder, and a sliding rod matched with the limiting cylinder is arranged on the base.

[0015] The present application also provides a fish passing method of a fishway entrance structure combined with a dam body, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step one, upstream water enters the water turbine working chamber from the water inlet channel, and the tail water flows out from the tail water pipe, attracting the fish target far from the fish collecting groove to the area with deeper water level near the fish collecting groove;

[0017] Step two, part of the water in the water turbine working chamber enters the water storage tank through the water diversion pipe, is guided out to the upper part of the fish collecting groove through the guide plate, forms a waterfall type induced water flow near the fish collecting groove, and induces the fish target to jump into the fish collecting groove or enter the fish collecting groove through the fish collecting groove entrance;

[0018] Step three, the upstream water flow enters the fish outlet through the fishway, flows along the inclined surface of the fishway groove, then enters the fish collecting groove through the communication port, and finally flows out from the fish collecting groove entrance, and the downstream fish jumps over the side wall of the fish collecting groove or enters the fish collecting groove through the fish collecting groove entrance, then enters the fishway groove through the communication port, and finally enters the fishway through the fish outlet and reaches the upstream, completing the upstream migration of the fish.

[0019] The fishway entrance structure combined with the dam body and the fish passing method thereof have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The upstream water flow enters the fishway groove through the fishway and the fish outlet, then enters the fish collecting groove through the communication port of the fishway groove structure, then flows out from the fish collecting groove entrance, and the downstream near-shore fish can enter the fishway groove through the fish collecting groove entrance, and the fish at other positions of the river channel can jump into the fish collecting groove from the side wall of the fish collecting groove due to the jumping nature, then flow backward through the communication port into the fishway groove through the fish collecting groove, then swim into the fishway through the fish outlet of the fishway groove, reach the upstream, and complete the upstream migration of the target fish.

[0021] 2. The fishway entrance structure has a relatively simple overall structure, reduces the difficulty of fishway engineering construction, and in addition, the fishway groove is a dam-attached structure, the fishway groove and the spawning room are provided with a shared partition wall, and the fish collecting groove is also provided with a shared wall with the fishway groove, so that the fish collecting groove has a length similar to that of the spawning room, and the fish collecting groove with a length of dozens of meters or even hundreds of meters can provide the opportunity for the fish to jump into the fish collecting groove, greatly increasing the probability of the fish entering the fishway groove, thereby greatly increasing the fish passing efficiency of the fishway and improving the use value of the fishway.

[0022] 3、By setting the tail pipe and guide plate, the induced water flow structure is formed, the tail water discharged by the tail pipe induces the far fish target to the vicinity of the fish collecting groove, the waterfall flow formed by the guide plate attracts the target fish to the vicinity of the fish collecting groove side wall, and the fish is convenient to jump. The structure is simple, the construction difficulty is reduced, and the river flow velocity distribution structure near the fish collecting groove is enriched, the flow velocity distribution from deep to shallow is fast-slow-faster, the reliability and induction efficiency of the fish induction effect are greatly enhanced, at the same time, the tail water and the water in the water turbine working chamber are the products in the production work of the hydropower station, the reuse of the tail water and the water in the water turbine working chamber not only can save resources, highlight the development concept of environmental protection, but also can reduce the setting of other induction devices, reduce the production construction cost, and improve the economic benefit.

[0023] 4、The lifting plate is arranged, when the river water level changes, the lifting plate is controlled to rise and fall through the lifting mechanism, the fishway use is increased in the wide degree, the economic benefit and the fish passing effect of the fishway are greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and embodiments:

[0025] Figure 1 It is the overall structure schematic view of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is the structure schematic view of another angle of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is the top view of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 It is the sectional view along A-A;

[0029] Figure 5 It is Figure 4 It is the enlarged view of B;

[0030] Figure 6 It is the structure schematic view of the lifting mechanism;

[0031] Figure 7 It is the structure schematic view of the partition plate;

[0032] Fig. The dam body 1, fishway slot 2, fish collection tank 3, communication port 4, transverse partition 5, partition 6, lifting plate 7, base 8, drive motor 9, gear shaft 10, driving bevel gear 11, driven bevel gear 12, rotating screw 13, mounting seat 14, lifting cylinder 15, support plate 16, limiting cylinder 17, sliding rod 18, water inlet channel 101, water turbine working chamber 102, draft tube 103, water conduit 104, water storage tank 105, guide vane 106, fish outlet 201, fish collection tank inlet 301, plug-in protrusion 601. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] As Figures 1-4 shown, a fishway entrance structure combined with a dam body, including a fishway entrance mechanism arranged downstream of the dam body 1, the fishway entrance mechanism including a fishway slot 2 arranged close to the dam body 1, an attached dam, the fishway slot 2 is arranged obliquely along its length direction, facilitating the flow of water in the fishway slot 2, the fishway slot 2 is provided with a fish collection tank 3 on the side away from the dam body 1, the fish collection tank 3 and the fishway slot 2 are arranged adjacent to each other, a communication port 4 is arranged between the end portions of the fishway slot 2 and the fish collection tank 3 for communication, the communication port 4 is arranged at the lower end of the fishway slot 2, the end of the fish collection tank 3 away from the communication port 4 is provided with a fish collection tank inlet 301, the fish collection tank inlet 301 is used for landing fish and discharging water. The higher end of the fishway slot 2 is provided with a fish outlet 201, which is used to communicate with the fishway arranged on the bank, the fishway can be selected from conventional fishways, the fish outlet 201 is connected to the upstream, and the fish outlet 201 is used for water inlet and fish outlet.

[0034] The upstream water flow enters the fish outlet 201 through the fishway, flows along the inclined surface of the fishway slot 2, then enters the fish collection tank 3 through the communication port 4, and finally flows out from the fish collection tank inlet 301, the downstream fish jumps over the side wall of the fish collection tank 3 or enters the fish collection tank 3 through the fish collection tank inlet 301, then enters the fishway slot 2 through the communication port 4, and finally enters the fishway from the fish outlet 201 to reach the upstream, completing the upstream migration of the fish.

[0035] The fishway entrance mechanism spans the river channel and is built in combination with the wall of the production room, increasing the length of the fishway entrance and the probability of fish entering the fishway, improving the fish inlet efficiency of the fishway.

[0036] Preferably, a plurality of water inlet channels 101 are arranged in the dam body 1, the water inlet channels 101 are arranged on the upstream side of the dam body 1, the other end of the water inlet channel 101 is connected with the water turbine working chamber 102, the water inlet channel 101 includes an inclined section and a horizontal section, ensuring that the upstream water can enter the water turbine working chamber 102, the bottom of the water turbine working chamber 102 is connected with the draft tube 103, and the end of the draft tube 103 is arranged downstream of the dam body 1.

[0037] The water upstream enters the water turbine working chamber 102 from the water inlet channel 101, and the tail water flows out from the tail water pipe 103, so as to attract the fish target far from the fish collecting groove 3 to the area with deep water level near the fish collecting groove 3, so as to realize the fish luring and induce the fish to enter the fish collecting groove 3.

[0038] Further, the water turbine working chamber 102 is provided with a water inlet pipe 104 on one side, the water inlet pipe 104 is connected with a water storage tank 105, the water storage tank 105 is provided with a flow guide plate 106 on one side, and the outer side of the flow guide plate 106 is arranged above the fish collecting groove 3.

[0039] Part of the water in the water turbine working chamber 102 enters the water storage tank 105 through the water inlet pipe 104, is guided out to above the fish collecting groove 3 through the flow guide plate 106, and forms a waterfall type induced water flow near the fish collecting groove 3, so as to induce the fish target to jump into the fish collecting groove 3 or enter the fish collecting groove 3 through the fish collecting groove inlet 301.

[0040] Since the tail water has a relatively fast flow rate, the fish target far from the fish collecting groove 3 can be attracted to the water level area near the fish collecting groove 3, and the surface fish can directly jump into the fish collecting groove 3, but for the fish in the deep water area, the flow rate of the water flow near the tail water pipe 103 is larger, which increases the difficulty of the fish target to resist the water flow and continue to upstream, the flow guide plate 106 forms a waterfall type induced water flow near the fish collecting groove 3, so as to attract the fish target attracted to the fish collecting groove by the tail water of the tail water pipe to the surface of the river near the outer wall of the fish collecting groove 3, and the fish target enters the fish collecting groove 3 through the jumping nature of the fish, so as to complete the induction of the fish target. The water in the water turbine working chamber and the tail water not only realize "one water multiple use", but also realize the reuse of the tail water. On the premise of good fish luring effect, no additional induction structure is needed, which not only improves the fish luring effect and fish passing effect of the fishway, but also reduces the resource waste, and greatly improves the economic benefit of the fishway.

[0041] The fishway groove 2 is provided with a plurality of staggered transverse partitions 5, and the end of the transverse partition 5 is provided with a fish passing gap between the side wall of the fishway groove 2.

[0042] By staggering the transverse partitions 5, the water flow impact force in the fishway groove 2 can be reduced, the impact on the fish is reduced, and the fish can conveniently swim against the flow in the fishway groove 2 to enter the fishway for migration.

[0043] Preferably, the communication port 4 is provided with a partition 6. By arranging the partition 6, the water flow rate entering the fish collecting groove 3 can be adjusted, and the fish entering the communication port 4 can be protected from being immediately flushed back into the fish collecting groove 3 to a certain extent. The fish entering the communication port 4 is also provided with a certain rest area.

[0044] Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the fishway groove 2 is provided with a plurality of fish collecting grooves 3. Figure 7The bottom of the communication port 4 is provided with a plug-in port, and the bottom of the partition plate 6 is provided with a plug-in protrusion 601 corresponding to the plug-in port. According to the fish passing target, the flow rate requirement and the size limit, the partition plate 6 with a suitable height can be replaced.

[0045] Preferably, as shown in the drawings, Figure 5 As shown in the drawings, the downstream side wall of the fish collecting tank 3 is provided with a sliding hole matched with the lifting plate 7, and the lifting plate 7 is driven by a lifting mechanism.

[0046] As shown in the drawings, Figure 6 The lifting mechanism includes a driving motor 9 arranged on a base 8, the base 8 is arranged in a cavity on the lower side of the fish collecting tank 3, the output end of the driving motor 9 is provided with a gear shaft 10, the gear shaft 10 is provided with a driving bevel gear 11, the driving bevel gear 11 is engaged with a driven bevel gear 12, the driven bevel gear 12 is installed on a rotating screw rod 13, the lower end of the rotating screw rod 13 is rotatably installed on a mounting seat 14 through a bearing, the upper end of the rotating screw rod 13 is matched with a lifting cylinder 15, the inner wall of the lifting cylinder 15 is provided with an internal thread matched with the rotating screw rod 13, the lower end of the lifting plate 7 is provided with a support plate 16, and the lifting cylinder 15 is connected with the support plate 16.

[0047] The driving motor 9 drives the gear shaft 10 and the driving bevel gear 11 to rotate, so as to realize synchronous rotation of the driven bevel gear 2, drive the rotating screw rod 13 to rotate, and drive the lifting cylinder 15 to move up and down due to the thread cooperation between the rotating screw rod 13 and the lifting cylinder 15, so as to realize height adjustment of the lifting plate 7.

[0048] The lifting plate 7 can adjust the height according to the actual water level and the jumping ability of the fish passing target, meet various requirements, improve the universality of the fishway, and ensure that the fish can smoothly enter the fish collecting tank 3 and then enter the fishway tank 2 to complete the upstream behavior. It can also adapt to the fish passing requirements of different periods, different seasons and different fish passing targets, greatly enrich the functionality of the fishway, increase the universality of the fishway, and improve the economy and environmental protection effect of the fishway.

[0049] Preferably, the bottom of the support plate 16 is provided with a limiting cylinder 17, and the base 8 is provided with a sliding rod 18 matched with the limiting cylinder 17.

[0050] A fish passing method of a fishway entrance structure combined with a dam body includes the following steps:

[0051] Step one, the upstream water enters the water turbine working chamber 102 from the water inlet channel 101, and the tail water flows out from the tail water pipe 103, so as to attract the fish passing target far away from the fish collecting tank 3 to the area with deeper water level near the fish collecting tank 3.

[0052] Step two, part of the water in the turbine working chamber 102 enters the water storage tank 105 through the water pipe 104, is guided out to the top of the fish collecting tank 3 through the guide plate 106, and forms a waterfall type induced water flow near the fish collecting tank 3, which induces the fish target to move towards the water surface, facilitating it to jump into the fish collecting tank 3 or enter the fish collecting tank 3 through the fish collecting tank entrance 301.

[0053] Step three, the upstream water flow enters the fish outlet 201 through the fishway, flows along the inclined surface of the fishway tank 2, enters the fish collecting tank 3 through the communication port 4, and finally flows out from the fish collecting tank entrance 301. The downstream fish jumps over the side wall of the fish collecting tank 3 or enters the fish collecting tank 3 through the fish collecting tank entrance 301, then enters the fishway tank 2 through the communication port 4, and finally enters the fishway from the fish outlet 201 through the fishway tank 2 to reach the upstream, completing the upstream migration of the fish.

Claims

1. A fish passage entrance structure in combination with a dam, characterized by, The fishway opening mechanism is arranged downstream of the dam body (1), and includes a fishway slot (2) arranged close to the dam body (1), the fishway slot (2) is arranged obliquely along the length direction, a fish collecting slot (3) is arranged on the side of the fishway slot (2) away from the dam body (1), a communication opening (4) is arranged between the end of the fishway slot (2) and the fish collecting slot (3), the communication opening (4) is arranged at the lower end of the fishway slot (2), the end of the fish collecting slot (3) away from the communication opening (4) is provided with a fish collecting slot inlet (301), the higher end of the fishway slot (2) is provided with a fish outlet (201), and the fish outlet (201) is used for communicating with the fishway arranged on the bank; a plurality of water inlet channels (101) are arranged in the dam body (1), the water inlet channels (101) are arranged on the upstream side of the dam body (1), the other end of the water inlet channel (101) is connected with a water turbine working chamber (102), the bottom of the water turbine working chamber (102) is connected with a draft tube (103), and the end of the draft tube (103) is arranged downstream of the dam body (1); The water turbine working chamber (102) is provided with a water diversion pipe (104) on one side, the water diversion pipe (104) is connected with a water storage tank (105), and the water storage tank (105) is provided with a flow guide plate (106) on one side; the outer side of the flow guide plate (106) is arranged above the fish collecting slot (3); A plurality of transversely arranged transverse partitions (5) are arranged in the fishway slot (2), and a fish passing gap is arranged between the end of the transverse partition (5) and the side wall of the fishway slot (2); The communication opening (4) is provided with a partition plate (6), the bottom of the communication opening (4) is provided with a plug-in opening, and the bottom of the partition plate (6) is provided with a plug-in protrusion (601) corresponding to the plug-in opening; The downstream side wall of the fish collecting slot (3) is provided with a sliding hole matched with the lifting plate (7), and the lifting plate (7) is driven by a lifting mechanism.

2. A fish passage entrance structure in combination with a dam according to claim 1, wherein The lifting mechanism comprises a driving motor (9) arranged on a base (8), a gear shaft (10) arranged on the output end of the driving motor (9), a driving bevel gear (11) arranged on the gear shaft (10), a driven bevel gear (12) engaged with the driving bevel gear (11), the driven bevel gear (12) mounted on a rotating screw rod (13), the lower end of the rotating screw rod (13) rotatably mounted on a mounting seat (14), the upper end of the rotating screw rod (13) matched with a lifting cylinder (15), the inner wall of the lifting cylinder (15) provided with an internal thread matched with the rotating screw rod (13), the lower end of the lifting plate (7) provided with a support plate (16), and the lifting cylinder (15) connected with the support plate (16).

3. A fish passage entrance structure in combination with a dam according to claim 2, wherein The bottom of the support plate (16) is provided with a limiting cylinder (17), and the base (8) is provided with a sliding rod (18) matched with the limiting cylinder (17).

4. The fish passage method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fish passage method further comprises: The method comprises the following steps: Step one, the water on the upstream enters the water turbine working chamber (102) from the water inlet channel (101), the tail water flows out from the draft tube (103), and the fish passing target far away from the fish collecting slot (3) is attracted to the area with deeper water level near the fish collecting slot (3). Step 2: A portion of the water in the turbine working chamber (102) enters the water storage tank (105) through the water inlet pipe (104), and is then directed to the fish collection tank (3) above the guide plate (106), forming a waterfall-like induced water flow near the fish collection tank (3) to induce the fish to jump into the fish collection tank (3) or enter the fish collection tank (3) through the fish collection tank inlet (301); Step 3: The upstream water flows into the fish outlet (201) through the fishway, flows along the inclined surface of the fishway channel (2), and then enters the fish collection channel (3) through the connecting port (4). Finally, it flows out from the fish collection channel inlet (301). The downstream fish jump over the side wall of the fish collection channel (3) or enter the fish collection channel (3) through the fish collection channel inlet (301). Then, they enter the fishway channel (2) through the connecting port (4) and finally enter the fishway from the fish outlet (201) through the fishway channel (2) to reach the upstream, completing the upstream movement of the fish.

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