A transplanter

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transplanting machine, which comprises a seedling taking and separating device, a seedling throwing device and a planting device sequentially arranged on a frame; the seedling taking and separating device comprises a combined seedling tray, a primary conveying mechanism, a seedling separating mechanism, a secondary conveying mechanism and a seedling taking mechanism; the primary conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of primary conveyor belts, and the secondary conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of secondary conveyor belts; the seedling separating mechanism comprises a plurality of turning plates located between the primary conveyor belt and the corresponding secondary conveyor belt, and the turning plate has a seedling conveying state and a turning and seedling blocking state; the seedling taking mechanism comprises a seedling taking claw, a slider and a guide rail, the seedling taking claw is installed on the slider, the guide rail is perpendicular to the secondary conveyor belt, and the slider drives the seedling taking claw to reciprocate along the guide rail. The present invention can realize the conveying of the whole tray of substrate block seedlings, the whole row of clamping and seedling throwing, thereby avoiding manual individual seedling throwing or single-row seedling taking and liberating the labor force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a transplanter, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery. Background Art

[0002] Transplanting is a common vegetable planting method. First, seeds are cultivated into seedlings in an environment with appropriate temperature, moisture, and nutrients. When the seedlings grow to a certain state, they are transplanted into the soil. Compared with the direct seeding planting method, transplanting has the comprehensive benefits of resisting bad weather and extending the growth cycle. It can make full use of light and heat energy, advance the growth period of crops, eliminate the impact of bad weather on crops, improve the survival rate of seedlings, and at the same time extend the growth period of crops, effectively improving the yield and quality of vegetables. It has significant effects of cost reduction, yield increase, and income increase, and its economic and social benefits are very considerable. Currently, about 60% of vegetables adopt the planting mode of seedling raising and transplanting.

[0003] Due to the regular block shape and good standing stability of substrate block seedlings, they can effectively inhibit lodging after transplantation. Moreover, there is no partition between seedling blocks, and whole-row seedling picking can be realized, improving the seedling picking efficiency. When mechanically transplanting, the requirements for seedling raising quality are low, and the seedling age and plant morphology do not affect the seedling picking and separating effect. Therefore, substrate block seedlings are an effective seedling raising method to ensure the vegetable planting quality, improve the transplanting efficiency, and achieve high-speed transplantation.

[0004] As far as the applicant knows, the existing automatic transplanters mostly target plug seedlings for seedling picking and separating. However, the shapes and structures of plug seedlings and substrate block seedlings are different, and it is impossible to apply them to the seedling trays of substrate block seedlings for seedling picking and separating. At present, the transplanting operation of vegetable substrate block seedlings mainly relies on manual seedling separating, but manual seedling separating has defects such as high labor intensity and low operation efficiency, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale vegetable transplantation, seriously restricting the development and application of transplanters.

[0005] Regarding the difficulties and production requirements in the development of the above-mentioned vegetable transplanters, the main way to solve the problem is to optimize the design of special seedling trays, seedling picking - separating mechanisms, transplanting mechanisms, soil covering mechanisms, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to propose a transplanter that can improve the operation efficiency of seedling picking and separating.

[0007] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: a transplanter, including a seedling picking - separating device, a seedling throwing device, and a planting device sequentially arranged on a frame; the seedling picking - separating device includes a combined seedling tray, a primary conveying mechanism, a seedling separating mechanism, a secondary conveying mechanism, and a seedling picking mechanism. The primary conveying mechanism, the seedling separating mechanism, the secondary conveying mechanism, and the seedling picking mechanism are sequentially arranged on the frame, and the combined seedling tray is located above the primary conveying mechanism;

[0008] The first-level conveying mechanism includes a plurality of first-level conveyor belts arranged in parallel, and the second-level conveying mechanism includes a plurality of second-level conveyor belts corresponding to the first-level conveyor belts one by one; the combined seedling tray includes a box-shaped frame, the frame has a receiving space corresponding to the first-level conveying mechanism, and a bottom plate that can be pulled out is provided at the bottom of the frame;

[0009] The seedling separating mechanism includes a plurality of turning plates located between the first-level conveyor belt and the corresponding second-level conveyor belt. The turning plates are all hinged on the frame and correspond to the first-level conveyor belt and the second-level conveyor belt one by one. The turning plates have a seedling conveying state flush with the first-level conveyor belt and the second-level conveyor belt, and a turning and seedling blocking state at a preset angle with the first-level conveyor belt and the second-level conveyor belt;

[0010] The seedling picking mechanism includes seedling picking claws, sliders and guide rails. The seedling picking claws are installed on the sliders. The guide rails are perpendicular to the second-level conveyor belt. The sliders drive the seedling picking claws to reciprocate along the guide rails. There are a plurality of seedling picking claws and they correspond to the second-level conveyor belt one by one;

[0011] The seedling throwing device includes a rotating frame arranged on the frame and a plurality of seedling throwing cups installed on the rotating frame. The seedling throwing cups are located below the seedling picking mechanism and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating frame. A seedling throwing pipe is provided below the seedling throwing cup. The inlet of the seedling throwing pipe is connected to the outlet of the seedling throwing cup, and the outlet of the seedling throwing pipe is connected to the duckbill of the planting device.

[0012] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0013] 1) Seedling raising: Raise seedlings in the combined seedling tray. The substrate block seedlings are arranged in rows and located in the combined tray, and there needs to be a gap between adjacent rows of substrate block seedlings. Seedling raising is the premise of the work of the present invention and is prior art.

[0014] 2) Seedling picking and separating: Place the combined seedling tray above the first-level conveying mechanism, that is, when the bottom end of the combined seedling tray cooperates with the first-level conveying mechanism, it forms an up-and-down structure; the rows of substrate block seedlings in the combined seedling tray correspond to the first-level conveyor belts of the first-level conveying mechanism one by one. Pull out the bottom draw plate of the combined seedling tray, and the substrate block seedlings fall onto the corresponding first-level conveying mechanism below. The first-level conveyor belts in the first-level conveying mechanism serve as conveying tracks to convey the substrate block seedlings to the second-level conveying mechanism. The seedling separating mechanism is arranged between the first-level conveying mechanism and the second-level conveying mechanism. The turning plates are flush with the first-level conveyor belt and the second-level conveyor belt. After a single substrate block seedling is conveyed to the second-level conveyor belt, the turning plate is lifted upward. The lifted turning plate prevents the subsequent substrate block seedlings from being conveyed forward. After the seedling picking mechanism clamps the individually separated substrate block seedlings, the seedling picking claws move along the slide rail to a preset position under the drive of the slider to complete the seedling throwing action; then the turning plate resets to be flush with the first-level conveyor belt and the second-level conveyor belt, and the seedling picking mechanism also quickly resets to the position where the substrate block seedlings are to be clamped. Repeating the above actions can complete the seedling picking and separating actions of the entire combined seedling tray.

[0015] 3) Seedling dropping: After the seedling clamping claws pick up the seedlings, they alternately drop the seedlings into the seedling dropping cup by starting the control. The substrate block seedlings in the seedling cup rotate with the rotating frame. When they reach the seedling dropping position, they slide into the duckbill of the planting device along the seedling dropping pipe.

[0016] 4) Planting: The duckbill of the planting device opens and closes under the action of the eccentric mechanism as the transplanting machine advances, completing the transplanting action of the substrate block seedlings.

[0017] By repeating the above actions in a cycle, the full-automatic transplanting of the substrate block seedlings can be achieved.

[0018] It should be noted that: In the present invention, the structures and cooperation relationships of the combined seedling tray and the primary conveying mechanism are all prior arts, mainly realizing the whole-tray dropping of the substrate block seedlings on the whole tray to the primary conveying mechanism. Reference can be made to the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN115735498A and the name "Vegetable Substrate Block Seedling Whole-Tray Dropping Device", the publication date of which is March 7, 2023. The above technical means are described in detail, and will not be elaborated in the present invention.

[0019] The seedling clamping claws in the present invention are also prior arts. For example, the "pneumatic clamping claw type seedling picking manipulator" disclosed in the Chinese patent with the publication number CN202127606U (publication date: February 1, 2012) can be adopted. Of course, other forms of seedling clamping claws in the prior art can also be used. The planting device in the present invention is also a prior art and will not be elaborated.

[0020] The beneficial effects brought by the present invention are as follows: By simultaneously performing multi-row seedling separation and picking on the combined seedling tray, compared with the prior art where only single-row substrate block seedlings are separated and picked each time, the substrate block seedlings in this application can be dropped in whole trays and can be picked and dropped in whole rows through the cooperation of the primary conveyor belt, the secondary conveyor belt and the turning plate, thus avoiding manual individual seedling dropping or single-row seedling picking, liberating the labor force, and being able to automatically and stably perform seedling separation and picking. Therefore, the efficiency of seedling separation and picking is greatly improved, thus solving the defects such as high labor intensity and low operation efficiency existing in manual seedling separation in the prior art. After realizing the automation of substrate block seedling separation and picking through the above improvements in the present invention, and then through automatic seedling dropping and planting, the automation of vegetable transplanting is realized, and the operation efficiency is greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the seedling separation and picking device.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the primary conveying mechanism.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the seedling separating mechanism.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the seedling picking mechanism.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the combined seedling tray

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the seedling dropping device.

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transplanting device.

[0030] Figure 9 It is a front view schematic diagram of the transplanting device.

[0031] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the soil covering device.

[0032] Reference numerals: 1, frame; 2, combined seedling tray; 3, primary conveying mechanism; 4, seedling separating mechanism; 5, secondary conveying mechanism; 6, seedling picking mechanism; 7, substrate block seedling; 2-1, frame; 2-2, first inner partition; 2-3, bottom plate; 2-4, handle; 3-1, motor; 3-2, primary conveyor belt; 3-3, second inner partition; 3-4, outer side plate; 4-1, cylinder; 4-2, piston rod; 4-3, connecting rod; 4-4, turning plate; 6-1, guide rail; 6-2, slider; 6-3, seedling picking claw; 20, seedling dropping device; 10, seedling separating and picking device; 30, transplanting device; 40, soil covering device; 11, traveling wheel; 20-1, seedling dropping cup; 20-2, seedling dropping pipe; 20-3, rotating frame; 30-1, duckbill; 30-2, eccentric mechanism; 30-3, rotating shaft; 40-1, soil covering wheel; 40-2, depth adjusting mechanism. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] This embodiment relates to a transplanter, as Figure 1 shown, including a seedling separating and picking device, a seedling dropping device, and a planting device sequentially arranged on the frame.

[0034] As Figures 2 - 6 shown, it includes a frame 1, a combined seedling tray 2, a primary conveying mechanism 3, a secondary conveying mechanism 5, a seedling separating mechanism 4, and a seedling picking mechanism 6. The primary conveying mechanism 3, the seedling separating mechanism 4, the secondary conveying mechanism 5, and the seedling picking mechanism 6 are sequentially arranged on the frame 1, and the combined seedling tray 2 is located above the primary conveying mechanism 3.

[0035] As Figure 2As shown, the first-stage conveying mechanism 3 includes a plurality of first-stage conveyor belts 3-2 arranged in parallel. The second-stage conveying mechanism 5 includes a plurality of second-stage conveyor belts corresponding one-to-one to the first-stage conveyor belts 3-2. Obviously, the first-stage conveyor belt 3-2 and the corresponding second-stage conveyor belt are on the same straight line. As Figure 3 shown, the first-stage conveyor belt 3-2 is driven by a motor 3-1. Outer side plates 3-4 are provided on both sides of the first-stage conveying mechanism 3. Second inner partition plates 3-3 are provided between adjacent first-stage conveyor belts 3-2. During use, the adjacent rows of substrate block seedlings 7 are spaced by the second inner partition plates 3-3.

[0036] The combined seedling tray 2 is as Figure 6 shown, including a box-shaped frame 2-1. The frame 2-1 has an accommodation space corresponding to the first-stage conveying mechanism 3 and is divided into multiple rows by a first inner partition plate 2-2, corresponding one-to-one to the first-stage conveyor belts 3-2. A bottom plate 2-3 is provided at the bottom of the frame 2-1, and the bottom plate 2-3 can be pulled out. The first inner partition plate 2-2 of the combined seedling tray 2 can be inserted into the second inner partition plate 3-3 and move up and down along the second inner partition plate 3-3. The structures and the cooperation relationships of the combined seedling tray 2 and the first-stage conveying mechanism 3 are all prior arts, mainly realizing the whole-tray dropping of the substrate block seedlings 7 onto the first-stage conveying mechanism 3. Reference can be made to the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN115735498A and the name "Device for Whole-Tray Dropping of Vegetable Substrate Block Seedlings 7". Preferably, a handle 2-4 is provided on the bottom plate 2-3 to facilitate the pulling out of the bottom plate 2-3.

[0037] The seedling separating mechanism 4 includes a plurality of turning plates 4-4 located between the first-stage conveyor belt 3-2 and the corresponding second-stage conveyor belt. The turning plates 4-4 are all hinged on the frame 1 and correspond one-to-one to the first-stage conveyor belt 3-2 and the second-stage conveyor belt. The turning plates 4-4 have a seedling conveying state flush with the first-stage conveyor belt 3-2 and the second-stage conveyor belt (realizing the feeding of a single substrate block seedling and making the substrate block seedling be conveyed forward individually to the position to be clamped), and a turning and seedling blocking state at a preset angle with the first-stage conveyor belt 3-2 and the second-stage conveyor belt. Preferably, as Figure 4 shown, the turning plate 4-4 is driven by a cylinder 4-1. The cylinder body of the cylinder 4-1 is fixed on the frame 1. The piston rod 4-2 of the cylinder 4-1 is connected to the turning plate 4-4 through a connecting rod 4-3. The two ends of the connecting rod 4-3 are respectively hinged to the piston rod 4-2 of the cylinder 4-1 and the turning plate 4-4, and it is realized by the extension and retraction of the cylinder piston rod.

[0038] As Figure 5As shown, the seedling picking mechanism 6 includes seedling picking claws 6-3, sliders 6-2 and guide rails 6-1. The seedling picking claws 6-3 are installed on the sliders 6-2. The guide rails 6-1 are perpendicular to the secondary conveyor belt. The sliders 6-2 drive the seedling picking claws 6-3 to reciprocate along the guide rails 6-1. There are multiple seedling picking claws 6-3, which correspond to the secondary conveyor belt one by one.

[0039] Preferably, the seedling picking claws 6-3 are pneumatic clamping type seedling picking claws. However, since the substrate block seedlings 7 are closely arranged on the secondary conveyor belt, the spacing between two adjacent rows of substrate block seedlings 7 is very small. Therefore, when clamping two adjacent rows of substrate block seedlings 7, the pneumatic clamping type seedling picking claws will interfere with each other, affecting the normal seedling picking work. At this time, as Figure 2 and Figure 5 shown, preferably, the seedling picking mechanism 6 is divided into upper and lower layers, that is, it includes an upper guide rail 6-1, a lower guide rail 6-1, an upper slider 6-2 sliding along the upper guide rail 6-1, and a lower slider 6-2 sliding along the lower guide rail 6-1. The upper slider 6-2 and the lower slider 6-2 are both installed with seedling picking claws 6-3. The seedling picking claws 6-3 of the upper slider 6-2 and the lower slider 6-2 are arranged at intervals (for example, assuming there are 6 rows of substrate block seedlings, the seedling picking claws of the upper slider 6-2 pick the 1st, 3rd, and 5th rows of substrate block seedlings, while the seedling picking claws of the lower slider 6-2 pick the 2nd, 4th, and 6th rows of substrate block seedlings) for seedling picking and move alternately to achieve the seedling throwing action. Specifically, when the seedling picking claws of the upper slider 6-2 pick seedlings, the seedling picking claws of the lower slider are located at the seedling throwing position on one side of the secondary conveying mechanism, so there will be no interference. When the seedling picking claws of the upper slider 6-2 move to the side seedling throwing position of the secondary conveying mechanism, the seedling picking claws of the lower slider return to the position waiting for seedling picking, and there will be no interference either; repeating this process, the seedling picking work after seedling separation is completed.

[0040] As Figure 7 shown, the seedling throwing device 20 includes a rotating frame 20-3 and a number of seedling throwing cups 20-1 installed on the rotating frame 20-3. The seedling throwing cups 20-1 are located below the seedling picking mechanism 6 and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating frame 20-3. A seedling throwing pipe 20-2 is provided below the seedling throwing cup 20-1. The inlet of the seedling throwing pipe 20-2 is connected to the outlet of the seedling throwing cup 20-1, and the outlet of the seedling throwing pipe 20-2 is connected to the inlet of the duckbill 30-1 of the planting device. During use, the seedling picking and separating device 10 cooperates with the seedling throwing device 20. The substrate block seedlings 7 grabbed by the seedling picking claws 6-3 of the seedling picking mechanism 6 are intermittently put into the seedling throwing cups 20-1. When the seedling throwing cup 20-1 rotates to the designated position, it falls into the duckbill 30-1 of the transplanting device 30 along the seedling throwing pipe 20-2, and the transplanting work is completed under the drive of the transplanting device 30.

[0041] As Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the transplanting device 30 includes a duckbill 30-1 and an eccentric mechanism 30-2. The duckbills 30-1 are circumferentially distributed. The eccentric mechanism 30-2 realizes the opening and closing of the duckbills 30-1, and completes the transplanting action of the substrate block seedlings 7 through eccentric action. The duckbills 30-1 are opened and closed under the action of the eccentric mechanism 30-2 as the machine moves forward. The transplanting device 30 is located directly below the seedling dropping device 20. The transplanting device 30 is a prior art and can be referred to relevant literature, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0042] The following improvements can also be made in this embodiment: As Figure 10 shown, a soil covering device 40 is arranged behind the transplanting device 30. The soil covering device 40 includes a mounting frame and a pair of soil covering wheels 40-1 arranged on the mounting frame, which completes the soil covering operation for the substrate block seedlings 7 and realizes the full-automatic transplanting of the substrate block seedlings 7; preferably, a depth adjusting mechanism 40-2 is arranged on the mounting frame.

Claims

1. A substrate block seedling transplanting machine, comprising a seedling picking and separating device, a seedling throwing device and a planting device sequentially arranged on a frame; characterized in that: The seedling separating and picking device includes a combined seedling tray, a primary conveying mechanism, a seedling separating mechanism, a secondary conveying mechanism, and a seedling picking mechanism. The primary conveying mechanism, the seedling separating mechanism, the secondary conveying mechanism, and the seedling picking mechanism are sequentially arranged on the frame. The combined seedling tray is located above the primary conveying mechanism. The primary conveying mechanism includes multiple parallel primary conveyor belts. The secondary conveying mechanism includes multiple secondary conveyor belts corresponding one-to-one to the primary conveyor belts. The combined seedling tray includes a box-shaped frame with an accommodation space corresponding to the primary conveying mechanism. A detachable bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the frame. The seedling separating mechanism includes multiple turning plates located between the primary conveyor belt and the corresponding secondary conveyor belt. The turning plates are all hinged on the frame and correspond one-to-one to the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt. The turning plates have a seedling conveying state flush with the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt, and a turning and seedling blocking state at a preset angle with the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt. The seedling picking mechanism includes seedling picking claws, sliders, and guide rails. The seedling picking claws are installed on the sliders. The guide rails are perpendicular to the secondary conveyor belt. The sliders drive the seedling picking claws to reciprocate along the guide rails. There are multiple seedling picking claws corresponding one-to-one to the secondary conveyor belt. The seedling planting device includes a rotating frame arranged on the frame and several seedling planting cups installed on the rotating frame. The seedling planting cups are located below the seedling picking mechanism and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating frame. A seedling planting pipe is provided below the seedling planting cup. The inlet of the seedling planting pipe is connected to the outlet of the seedling planting cup, and the outlet of the seedling planting pipe is connected to the duckbill of the planting device.

2. The substrate block seedling transplanter according to claim 1, characterized in that: A soil covering device is provided behind the planting device.

3. The substrate block seedling transplanter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The turning plate is driven by a cylinder. The cylinder block of the cylinder is fixed on the frame. The piston rod of the cylinder is connected to the turning plate through a connecting rod. The two ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged to the piston rod of the cylinder and the turning plate.

4. The substrate block seedling transplanter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The seedling picking claws are pneumatic clamp-type seedling picking claws. The seedling picking mechanism is divided into upper and lower layers, including an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, an upper slider sliding along the upper guide rail, and a lower slider sliding along the lower guide rail. The upper slider and the lower slider are both installed with seedling picking claws. The seedling picking claws of the upper slider and the lower slider are arranged at intervals and move alternately.

5. The substrate block seedling transplanter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil covering device includes a mounting frame and a pair of soil covering wheels arranged on the mounting frame.

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