Separation apparatus and method based on cavitation technology

Abstract

The application provides a separation device and method based on cavitation technology, which comprises a liquid container, a first pipe arranged at the lower side of the liquid container, an open end of the first pipe being communicated with the liquid container and a closed end of the first pipe having an outlet communicated with a separator arranged at the lower side of the first pipe, a first rotating member arranged in the open end of the first pipe, a plurality of teeth arranged at the outer edge of the first rotating member and having a gap with the inner wall of the first pipe, a rotating body arranged in the closed end of the first pipe and having a helical groove at the outer edge, liquid in the interlayer between the rotating body and the first pipe moving towards the outlet and the pressure gradually increasing when the rotating body rotates, an air inlet pipe arranged on the first pipe and communicated with the interlayer, a second rotating member fixed at one end of the rotating body close to the first rotating member and having a larger radius than the rotating body, and a driving unit for driving the first rotating member and the rotating body to rotate. The application has the advantages of good separation effect and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the separation of substances, and particularly to separation apparatus and methods based on cavitation technology. Background Technology

[0002] For any liquid, when the pressure is decreased at a constant temperature, it will vaporize when the pressure drops to a certain critical pressure (vaporization pressure). The gas dissolved in the liquid will precipitate out, forming bubbles (cavitation). When a cavitation bubble moves to a higher pressure, the vapor inside the bubble recondenses, and the bubble collapses. Bubbles undergo a process of formation, development, and collapse, usually accompanied by a series of physical changes. This process of bubble formation, development, and collapse within a liquid flow due to pressure changes, and the resulting series of physical changes, is called cavitation.

[0003] In a cavitation field, countless cavitation bubbles are formed inside the liquid. When the cavitation bubbles collapse, a huge amount of energy is released in the tiny space inside and around the cavitation bubbles, generating instantaneous high temperature and high pressure (5000K, 1800atm), and producing micro-jet with a velocity of over 100m / s and a powerful impact force, with a collision density as high as 1.5kg / cm2.

[0004] Therefore, the collapse of cavitation bubbles is accompanied by extremely complex physical and chemical effects, such as mechanical effects, thermal effects, optical effects, and activation effects.

[0005] Mechanical effects are mainly manifested in the enhanced complex and intense motion at heterogeneous reaction interfaces; mechanical effect processes include adsorption, crystallization, material micronization, filtration, and ultrasonic cleaning. Chemical effects are mainly manifested in the degradation of organic matter due to the high temperature and pressure generated during cavitation, the effective collision of molecular particles increasing the breaking of chemical bonds, and the generation of free radicals; chemical effect processes mainly include electrochemistry, the degradation of organic matter in heterogeneous chemical reactions, the acceleration of chemical reactions, and the generation of free radicals.

[0006] Based on the way cavitation occurs, differentiation can be divided into the following two types:

[0007] 1. Ultrasonic cavitation refers to the continuous, intense, and complex motion of tiny gas nuclei within a liquid undergoing periodic pressure changes under the influence of an acoustic field, resulting in their instantaneous expansion and collapse. Ultrasonic cavitation is a complex fluid dynamics phenomenon unique to liquids. Electrodynamic transducers, such as those attached to the outer wall of a reactor tank, are commonly used to generate ultrasonic cavitation. However, the resulting sonochemical and other functionalities are limited to a very small space near the transducer's end face, and the cavitation field is non-uniform, resulting in a weak cavitation effect and significant difficulty in amplification.

[0008] 2. Hydraulic cavitation refers to the process where a fluid and a solid undergo relative high-speed shear motion (such as fluid flowing through an orifice plate), creating localized low pressure within the fluid. When this pressure drops to the cavitation initiation pressure, a large number of continuously generated and collapsing cavitation bubbles are produced. Compared to ultrasonic cavitation, hydraulic cavitation is simpler and less expensive, and can generate large-scale cavitation fields (such as orifice plates, various whistles, etc.). However, the cavitation intensity of hydraulic cavitation is lower than that of ultrasonic cavitation, often insufficient for certain sonochemical reactions. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of the existing technical solutions, the present invention provides a separation device based on cavitation technology.

[0010] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0011] A separation device based on cavitation technology, comprising a liquid container; the separation device based on cavitation technology further comprising:

[0012] A first pipe and a separator are provided. The first pipe is located below the liquid container. One end of the first pipe is open and the other end is closed. The open end is connected to the bottom of the liquid container, and the closed end has an outlet that is connected to the separator. The separator is located below the first pipe and is used to separate liquid and gas.

[0013] A first rotating component is disposed inside the opening end, and a plurality of teeth are disposed on the outer edge of the first rotating component, with a gap between the teeth and the inner wall of the first pipe.

[0014] A rotating body is disposed inside the closed end and has a spiral groove on its outer edge; when the rotating body rotates, the liquid in the interlayer between the rotating body and the first pipe moves toward the outlet and the pressure gradually increases.

[0015] An air intake pipe is disposed on the first pipe and connected to the interlayer;

[0016] The second rotating component is fixed to one end of the rotating body adjacent to the first rotating component, and the radius of the second rotating component is larger than the radius of the rotating body;

[0017] A driving unit is provided for driving the first rotating member and the rotating body to rotate.

[0018] The present invention also aims to provide a separation method based on cavitation technology, which is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0019] According to the cavitation-based separation method of the separation apparatus of the present invention, the separation method is as follows:

[0020] As the first rotating component rotates, the liquid in the liquid container enters the first pipe from between the first rotating component and the first pipe, thus achieving the first cavitation.

[0021] The downward-flowing liquid passes through the gap between the second rotating component and the first pipe, achieving a second cavitation, and the liquid enters the interlayer;

[0022] As the rotating body rotates, the liquid mixes with the gas introduced from the inlet pipe within the interlayer, moves toward the outlet, and is continuously compressed between the first pipe and the spiral groove, causing the cavitation bubbles to collapse.

[0023] The liquid in the jacket is discharged from the outlet and sprayed into the separator, where impurities and gas are separated from the liquid.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. Excellent separation effect;

[0026] By utilizing components such as the first rotating part and the second rotating part, multiple cavitation is achieved. At the same time, the compression effect of the rotating body on the liquid accelerates the collapse of cavitation bubbles and increases the cavitation intensity. While compressing, gas is introduced into the first pipe through the air inlet pipe, which further improves the cavitation effect, that is, improves the separation effect.

[0027] Inside the separator, liquid matrix, impurities and gas are separated at low cost by liquid jet collision atomization separation method;

[0028] 2. Large liquid flow rate processing capacity;

[0029] By converting ultrasonic vibration into high-speed vibration of the vibrating needle, the effective range of the ultrasonic system is expanded, which is beneficial for handling large flow rates of liquid. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The disclosure of this invention will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that these drawings are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a separation device based on cavitation technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a separation method based on cavitation technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a separation device based on cavitation technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a separation device based on cavitation technology according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Figures 1-4 The following description illustrates optional embodiments of the invention to teach those skilled in the art how to implement and reproduce the invention. Some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted to explain the technical solutions of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that variations or substitutions derived from these embodiments will be within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the following features can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the following optional embodiments, but is defined only by the claims and their equivalents.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the separation device based on cavitation technology according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the separation device based on cavitation technology includes:

[0038] Liquid container 11, such as a liquid tank or liquid pipeline, is used to store liquid;

[0039] A first pipe 21 and a separator 71 are provided. The first pipe 21 is located on the lower side of the liquid container 11. One end of the first pipe 21 is open and the other end is closed. The open end is connected to the bottom of the liquid container 11, and the closed end has an outlet connected to the separator 71. The separator 71 is located on the lower side of the first pipe 21 and is used to separate liquid and gas.

[0040] The first rotating member 31 is disposed inside the opening end, and a plurality of teeth are disposed on the outer edge of the first rotating member 31, with a gap between the teeth and the inner wall of the first pipe 21.

[0041] A rotating body 41 is disposed inside the closed end and has a spiral groove 42 on its outer edge. When the rotating body 41 rotates, the liquid in the interlayer between the rotating body 41 and the first pipe 21 moves toward the outlet and the pressure gradually increases.

[0042] An air intake pipe 51 is disposed on the first pipe 21 and connected to the interlayer;

[0043] The second rotating member 32 is fixed to one end of the rotating body 41 adjacent to the first rotating member 31, and the radius of the second rotating member 32 is larger than the radius of the rotating body 41.

[0044] A driving unit is provided for driving the first rotating member and the rotating body to rotate.

[0045] To further improve the compression effect, the spacing between adjacent grooves 42 and / or the depth of grooves 42 are reduced along the direction from the second rotating member 32 to the outlet.

[0046] To further improve dissolved gas, one end of the air inlet pipe 51 extends into the groove 42.

[0047] To further improve the cavitation effect, the outer edge of the second rotating member 32 has multiple teeth, and there is a gap between the teeth and the inner wall of the first pipe 21.

[0048] To achieve cavitation and improve separation efficiency, the cavitation-based separation device further includes:

[0049] The second pipe 22 and the third pipe 23, one end of the second pipe 22 and the third pipe 23 respectively are connected to the interlayer through the outlet, and the other end are respectively connected to the separator 71;

[0050] Venturi tubes are respectively installed on the second pipe 22 and the third pipe 23.

[0051] To further improve the cavitation effect, the central axes of the first pipe 21, the second pipe 22, and the third pipe 23 are parallel and coplanar, and the angle between the liquid flow directions entering the separator 71 from the second pipe 22 and the third pipe 23 is a right angle.

[0052] To achieve multi-stage cavitation, the cavitation-based separation device further includes:

[0053] The vibrating needle 81 is disposed inside the first pipe 21 and between the first rotating member 31 and the second rotating member 32. The ultrasonic driving module is disposed outside the first pipe 21 and is used to drive the vibrating needle 81 to vibrate.

[0054] The separation method based on cavitation technology in this embodiment of the invention, that is, the working method of the separation device in this embodiment, is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the separation method is as follows:

[0055] When the first rotating member 31 rotates, the container inside the liquid container 11 enters the first pipe 21 from between the first rotating member 31 and the first pipe 21, and cavitation is achieved for the first time.

[0056] The downward-flowing liquid passes between the second rotating member 32 and the first pipe 21, achieving a second cavitation, and the liquid enters the interlayer;

[0057] As the rotating body 41 rotates, the liquid mixes with the gas introduced from the air inlet pipe 51 within the interlayer, moves toward the outlet, and is continuously compressed between the first pipe 21 and the spiral groove 42, causing the cavitation bubbles to collapse.

[0058] The liquid in the interlayer is discharged from the outlet and sprayed into the separator 71, where impurities and gas are separated from the liquid.

[0059] To further improve the separation effect, the liquid in the interlayer enters the separator 71 through the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 respectively. The two liquid streams collide and atomize. The separated components with lower density float up and are discharged from the first outlet 72, while the components with higher density sink and are discharged from the second outlet 73.

[0060] Example 2:

[0061] An example of the application of the cavitation-based separation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention in poison detection.

[0062] In this application example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the liquid container 11 is a liquid tank; the first pipe 21 has a cylindrical structure, open at one end and closed at the other end; the first rotating component 31 is spherical with multiple teeth on its outer edge, and is located inside the inlet end of the first pipe 21, with gaps between the teeth and the inner wall of the first pipe 21. The closed end has two outlets (a first outlet and a second outlet), and the outlets connect the interlayer between the rotating body 41 and the first pipe 21.

[0063] A rotating body 41 is disposed within the closed end, with a spiral groove 42 on its outer edge. A disc-shaped second rotating member 32 is fixed to the end of the rotating body 41 adjacent to the first rotating member 31. The radius of the second rotating member 32 is larger than the radius of the rotating body 41. Along the direction from the second rotating member 32 to the outlet, the spacing between adjacent grooves 42 decreases, and the depth of the grooves 42 decreases. When the rotating body 41 rotates, the liquid in the interlayer between the rotating body 41 and the first pipe 21 moves towards the outlet, and the pressure gradually increases. The ratio of the length of the rotating body 41 to the axial length of the first pipe 21 is less than 0.7. The outer edge of the second rotating member 32 has multiple teeth, and there is a gap between the teeth and the inner wall of the first pipe 21. The driving unit uses a motor to drive the first rotating member 31 and the rotating body 41 to rotate respectively.

[0064] The first air intake pipe 51 and the second air intake pipe 52 are respectively disposed on the first pipe 21. One end of the first air intake pipe 51 extends into the interlayer and the end is located in the groove 42. The second air intake pipe 52 extends into the first pipe 21 between the second rotating member 32 and the first rotating member 31.

[0065] The vibrating needle 81 is disposed inside the first pipe 21 and between the second air inlet pipe 52 and the second rotating component 32. The ultrasonic drive module is disposed outside the first pipe 21 and is used to drive the vibrating needle 81 to vibrate. The length of the vibrating needle 81 is 1.5-3 times, such as 2 times, the radius of the second rotating component 32.

[0066] One end of the second pipe 22 is connected to the first outlet, and the other end is connected to the left inlet of the separator 71. One end of the third pipe 23 is connected to the second outlet, and the other end is connected to the upper opening of the separator 71. The flow directions of the liquids entering the separator 71 through the second pipe 22 and the third pipe 23 are perpendicular to each other. The central axes of the first pipe 21, the second pipe 22, and the third pipe 23 are parallel and coplanar. The first venturi tube 61 is installed on the second pipe 22, and the second venturi tube 62 is installed on the third pipe 23. The separator 71 is a hollow spindle-shaped structure with a first outlet 72 at the right end and a second outlet 73 at the bottom end.

[0067] The separation method based on cavitation technology in this embodiment of the invention, that is, the working method of the separation device in this embodiment, is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the separation method is as follows:

[0068] The first rotating component 31 rotates at high speed, bringing the liquid in the liquid container 11 from the bottom into the first pipe 21, while simultaneously causing the first stage of agitation and cavitation. Floating matter such as grease, wax, and air bubbles in the liquid entering the first pipe 21 rise to the upper part of the first pipe 21, and are then carried out to the liquid container 11 by the rotation of the upper gear of the first rotating component 31, floating to the surface of the liquid in the liquid container 11 for easy subsequent collection and removal.

[0069] Gas enters the first pipe 21 through the second air inlet pipe 52. The tip of the vibrating needle 81 vibrates longitudinally and torsionally in the liquid, generating induced cavitation and mechanical fragmentation effects, forming a second-stage cavitation in the first pipe 21.

[0070] The downward-flowing liquid passes between the (high-speed rotating) second rotating component 32 and the first pipe 21, achieving third-stage cavitation;

[0071] As the rotating body 41 rotates, the liquid mixes with the gas introduced from the first air inlet pipe 51 within the interlayer, moves toward the outlet, and is continuously compressed between the first pipe 21 and the spiral groove 42, causing the cavitation bubbles to collapse.

[0072] The liquid discharged from the first and second outlets enters the second pipe 22 and the third pipe 23 respectively, and achieves the fourth stage of cavitation through the first venturi tube 61 and the second venturi tube 62;

[0073] The liquid flow from the second discharge pipe 22 enters from the left end of the separator 71, while the liquid flow from the third discharge pipe 23 enters from the top of the separator. The two liquid flows collide and atomize, breaking the liquid mass into small droplets, which facilitates the separation of the liquid matrix, impurities, and gas. Higher density impurities sink to the bottom of the separator 71 and are discharged through the second outlet 73; lower density floating impurities and gas are discharged from the higher first outlet 72.

[0074] Example 3:

[0075] The application example of the cavitation-based separation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention differs from that in Embodiment 2 in that:

[0076] like Figure 3 As shown, multiple cavitation needles 91 are mounted axially on the second rotating member 32, with a length that is 1.5-3 times the radius of the second rotating member 32, such as using the same length as the vibrating needle 81.

[0077] During the operation of the separation device, when the second rotating component 32 rotates at high speed, the cavitation needle 91 moves at high speed, which disrupts the continuity of liquid molecule clusters at the needle tip, induces cavitation generation, and enhances the cavitation effect.

[0078] Example 4:

[0079] The application example of the cavitation-based separation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention differs from Embodiment 3 in that:

[0080] like Figure 4 As shown, the opening of the first pipe 21 is rectangular. The first gear 33 and the second gear 34 are installed inside the inlet of the first pipe 21, rotating in opposite directions. Liquid enters from the middle of the first gear 33 and the second gear 34, where first-stage cavitation and agitation occur. Floating material is carried out by the upper teeth of the first gear 33 to the liquid inlet container 11, where it is collected and processed. Sinking material is carried out by the lower teeth of the second gear 34 to the liquid inlet container 11, where it settles and is collected and processed.

Claims

1. A separation device based on cavitation technology, wherein the separation device based on cavitation technology includes a liquid container; characterized in that, The cavitation-based separation device also includes: A first pipe and a separator are provided. The first pipe is located below the liquid container. One end of the first pipe is open and the other end is closed. The open end is connected to the bottom of the liquid container, and the closed end has an outlet that is connected to the separator. The separator is located below the first pipe and is used to separate liquid and gas. A first rotating component is disposed inside the opening end, and a plurality of teeth are disposed on the outer edge of the first rotating component, with a gap between the teeth and the inner wall of the first pipe. A rotating body is disposed inside the closed end and has a spiral groove on its outer edge; when the rotating body rotates, the liquid in the interlayer between the rotating body and the first pipe moves toward the outlet and the pressure gradually increases. An air intake pipe is disposed on the first pipe and connected to the interlayer; The second rotating component is fixed to one end of the rotating body adjacent to the first rotating component, and the radius of the second rotating component is larger than the radius of the rotating body; A driving unit is provided for driving the first rotating member and the rotating body to rotate.

2. The separation device based on cavitation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction from the second rotating member to the outlet, the spacing between adjacent grooves decreases and / or the depth of the grooves decreases.

3. The separation device based on cavitation technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the air intake pipe extends into the groove.

4. The separation device based on cavitation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer edge of the second rotating component has multiple teeth, and there is a gap between the teeth and the inner wall of the first pipe.

5. The separation device based on cavitation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavitation-based separation device also includes: The second pipe and the third pipe, one end of the second pipe and the third pipe respectively are connected to the interlayer through the outlet, and the other end are respectively connected to the separator; Venturi tubes are respectively installed on the second and third pipes.

6. The separation device based on cavitation technology according to claim 5, characterized in that, The central axes of the first, second, and third pipes are parallel and coplanar, and the angle between the liquid flow directions entering the separator from the second and third pipes is a right angle.

7. The separation device based on cavitation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavitation-based separation device also includes: The vibrating needle is disposed inside the first pipe and between the first rotating component and the second rotating component. The ultrasonic driving module is disposed outside the first pipe and is used to drive the vibrating needle to vibrate.

8. The separation device based on cavitation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavitation-based separation device also includes: A cavitation needle is disposed on the second rotating component, and the length of the cavitation needle is 1.5-3 times the radius of the second rotating component.

9. The cavitation-based separation method of the cavitation-based separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the cavitation-based separation method is as follows: As the first rotating component rotates, the liquid in the liquid container enters the first pipe from between the first rotating component and the first pipe, thus achieving the first cavitation. The downward-flowing liquid passes through the gap between the second rotating component and the first pipe, achieving a second cavitation, and the liquid enters the interlayer; As the rotating body rotates, the liquid mixes with the gas introduced from the inlet pipe within the interlayer, moves toward the outlet, and is continuously compressed between the first pipe and the spiral groove, causing the cavitation bubbles to collapse. The liquid in the jacket is discharged from the outlet and sprayed into the separator, where impurities and gas are separated from the liquid.

10. The separation method based on cavitation technology according to claim 9, characterized in that, The liquid in the interlayer enters the separator through the second and third pipes respectively. The two liquid streams collide and atomize. The less dense component floats up and is discharged from the first outlet, while the more dense component sinks and is discharged from the second outlet.

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