A red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content, its preparation method and application

Abstract

A red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content, its preparation method and application. The present invention belongs to the field of red ginseng product processing. In the method of the present invention, after pre-adjusting the moisture content of ginseng to 25%-30% and equilibrating at 4-40°C for 8-48 hours, while maintaining this moisture content unchanged, it is placed under a relative pressure (saturated vapor pressure of water) of 80-100 KPa and steamed for 1-2 hours. Subsequently, it is dried at a temperature of 90-110°C for 1-2 hours until the moisture content is less than 12%. While ensuring that the appearance, flavor and physicochemical indexes of the product are no different from those of ordinary commercially available red ginseng, the content of AFG in it is increased to more than 1.7 times that of ordinary red ginseng products, and the 5-HMF content is controlled below 50% of ordinary red ginseng products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of red ginseng product processing, and particularly relates to a red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Red ginseng is the dried root and rhizome formed by steaming and then drying the cultivated product of the perennial herb Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer of the Araliaceae family, and its color can be light red or reddish-brown. Red ginseng has a long history of medicinal and edible use in China due to its excellent physiological functions such as improving immunity and relieving fatigue. At present, the processing of red ginseng in various regions and related enterprises in China mostly relies on traditional techniques and experiences, without a unified production procedure. Usually, the end point of red ginseng processing is determined by the moisture content of the product, and the quality of the product is evaluated by the content of three ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, and Rb1) specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition) and the appearance index of the product. However, the research on the content and regulation methods of non-saponin beneficial components (such as Arginyl-Fructosyl-Glucose, AFG) and harmful components (such as the end-stage product of the Maillard reaction, 5-hydroxy-methylfurfural, 5-HMF) formed during the processing is not sufficient, lacking a comprehensive quality evaluation standard. Therefore, the quality of commercially available red ginseng products varies, and its beneficial health effects are difficult to guarantee.

[0003] During the processing of red ginseng, especially in the later stage, maltose in fresh ginseng will react with arginine, the most abundant amino acid in ginseng (the content of arginine in ginseng is measured to be 41.53 mg / g DW (dry weight), accounting for 86.76% of the total free amino acid content), to form AFG. AFG is considered a representative non-saponin compound in red ginseng, and it may play a key role in the biological functions of red ginseng such as improving immunity and relieving fatigue. At the same time, if the processing of red ginseng is not properly controlled, the already formed AFG and the initial products of the Maillard reaction in red ginseng, such as Fru-Arg, Fru-Ala, and Fru-Glu, will further react and participate in the middle and later stages of the Maillard reaction, forming potentially food safety risk compounds such as 5-HMF and acrylamide. Therefore, how to precisely control the processing of red ginseng to accumulate more AFG components and reduce the generation of the risk substance 5-HMF is of great significance for enhancing the beneficial health effects of red ginseng products and ensuring their food safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content, and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of red ginseng products with high AFG and low 5-HMF content, and the preparation method includes:

[0007] S1: Select and wash ginseng, adjust its moisture content and then seal it, and perform a balancing process;

[0008] S2: Subject the ginseng in a sealed state after the balancing process to high-pressure steaming;

[0009] S3: After steaming, take out the ginseng from the sealed bag and perform a drying process to obtain red ginseng products with high AFG and low 5-HMF content.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, select the sun-dried products of 4-year-old cultivated ginseng with intact appearance, uniform color and size, and uniform texture.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, use ultrapure water to adjust the moisture content of ginseng to 25%-30% and then put it into an aluminum foil bag and seal it.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, balance at 4-40°C for 8-48 hours.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the high-pressure steaming is carried out at a relative pressure (saturated vapor pressure of water) of 80KPa-100KPa for 1-2 hours.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the drying temperature is 90-110°C, and the drying process is carried out for 1-2 hours until the moisture content is less than 12%.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after drying in S3, it further includes weighing, vacuum sealing and packaging.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content prepared by the above method, and the AFG content in the red ginseng product is ≥64.49mg / g DW, and the 5-HMF content is ≤0.0688mg / g DW.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of a red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content prepared by the above method in the medical field.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of a red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content prepared by the above method in the health care product field.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] By optimizing the traditional processing technology, the present invention realizes the standardized production of red ginseng products with high AFG and low 5-HMF content. The specific advantages are as follows:

[0021] In the method of the present invention, after pre-adjusting the moisture content of ginseng to 25%-30% and equilibrating it at 4-40°C for 8-48 hours, while maintaining the moisture content unchanged, it is steamed under a relative pressure (saturated vapor pressure of water) of 80-100 KPa for 1-2 hours. Subsequently, it is dried at a temperature of 90-110°C for 1-2 hours until the moisture content is lower than 12%. The advantage is that the content of the representative non-saponin compound AFG in the obtained red ginseng reaches more than 64.49 mg / g DW, far higher than 36.23 mg / g DW of the commercially available ordinary red ginseng products (comparative product: red ginseng products provided by a red ginseng manufacturer in Fusong County, Jilin Province); the content of the risk component 5-HMF accumulated therein is below 0.0688 mg / g DW, only 49.14% of the commercially available ordinary red ginseng products. Moreover, the appearance, flavor and physical and chemical indexes of the red ginseng products obtained by the method of the present invention have no differences from those of the commercially available ordinary red ginseng. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 Mass spectrometry diagram (ESI+ mode) of Arginyl-Fructosyl-Glucose (AFG) standard;

[0023] Figure 2 Total ion chromatogram of AFG and each Amadori compound in the red ginseng prepared in Example 1 by UPLC-MS / MS;

[0024] Figure 3-1 MRM chromatogram of AFG in the red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 3-2 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Arg in the red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 3-3 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Gly in the red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0027] Figure 3-4 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Ala in the red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0028] Figure 3-5 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Ser in the red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0029] Figure 3-6MRM chromatogram of Fru-Pro in red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 3-7 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Val in red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 3-8 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Thr in red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 3-9 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Leu in red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 3-10 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Asp in red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 3-11 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Glu in red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 3-12 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Met in red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 3-13 MRM chromatogram of Fru-His in red ginseng prepared in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 3-14 MRM chromatogram of Fru-Phe in red ginseng prepared in Example 1. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following describes the detailed implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the specification.

[0039] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] Secondly, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that excludes other embodiments.

[0041] Detection of the contents of AFG and 5-HMF in finished red ginseng in the following examples: Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out using an optimized ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS / MS) method within a running time of 10 minutes. The specific process is as follows:

[0042] I. Synchronous qualitative and quantitative analysis method for AFG and various Amadori compounds (ACs)

[0043] 1.1 Instruments: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-TQD, Waters, USA); Chromatographic column: ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm);

[0044] 1.2 Liquid chromatography conditions: The mobile phase was 100% acetonitrile (phase A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (v / v) (phase B). Column temperature: 35 °C, flow rate: 0.3 mL / min, injection volume: 3 μL. The gradient elution program was as follows: 0 - 5 min, the volume fraction of phase B changed from 100% to 90%; 5 - 6 min, the volume fraction of phase B changed from 90% to 50%; 6 - 7 min, the volume fraction of phase B changed from 50% to 20%; 7 - 9 min, the volume fraction of phase B was maintained at 20%; 9 - 10 min, the volume fraction of phase B returned from 20% to the initial 100% B; The total running time was 10 min.

[0045] 1.3 Mass spectrometry detection conditions: Equipped with an electrospray ionization source and the positive ion mode (ESI+) was selected. Ion source temperature: 120 °C; Desolvation gas temperature: 400 °C; Capillary voltage: 3.0 kV; Detection voltage: 1800 V; High-purity nitrogen (N2): Purity greater than 99.99%; Cone gas (N2) flow rate: 50 L / h; Desolvation gas (N2) flow rate: 800 L / h; Mass spectrometry scanning range: 50 - 1000 m / z. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for precise quantitative analysis. The optimized parameters such as cone voltage, collision energy, and quantitative product ions are shown in Table 1.

[0046] II. UPLC-MS / MS qualitative and quantitative analysis method for 5-HMF

[0047] 2.1 Instruments: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-TQD, Waters, USA); Chromatographic column: ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm);

[0048] 2.2 Liquid Chromatography Conditions: The mobile phase is 100% acetonitrile (Phase A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (v / v) (Phase B). Column temperature: 35°C, flow rate: 0.3 mL / min, injection volume: 2 μL. The gradient elution program is as follows: 0 - 5 min, the volume fraction of Phase B changes from 100% to 50%; 5 - 10 min, the volume fraction of Phase B changes from 50% to 0%; 10 - 12 min, the volume fraction of Phase B changes from 0% to 100%; 12 - 15 min, the volume fraction of Phase B remains 100%; The total running time is 15 min.

[0049] 2.3 The mass spectrometry detection conditions are the same as those in 1.3 above. The MRM mode is used for precise quantitative analysis. The optimized parameters such as cone voltage, collision energy, and quantitative product ions are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1 Optimized mass spectrometry parameters of AFG, each Amadori compound, and 5-HMF

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] Example 1

[0054] The preparation method of the red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0055] (1) Select the sun-dried products of 4-year-old cultivated ginseng with intact appearance, 10 cm in length, 1 cm in diameter, reddish-brown color, and uniform texture. Wash it with clean water and wipe off the surface moisture.

[0056] (2) Weigh the above-mentioned ginseng and measure its moisture content. Supplement ultrapure water according to the final moisture content of 25%. Put it into an aluminum foil bag together with the ginseng, seal it, and place it at 25°C for 12 hours of equilibration treatment.

[0057] (3) Place the sealed-packaged ginseng treated in step (2) under a relative pressure of 80 KPa (saturated vapor pressure of water) and steam for 2 hours.

[0058] (4) Take out the ginseng obtained in step (3) from the aluminum foil sealed bag and dry it at 90°C for 2 hours until the moisture content is lower than 12%.

[0059] (5) Weigh the red ginseng obtained in step (4), vacuum seal it, and package it to obtain the finished red ginseng.

[0060] After testing, the AFG content in the product is 75.86 mg / g DW, the total ACs content is 96.70 mg / g DW, and the 5-HMF content is 0.0486 mg / g DW.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] The preparation method of the red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0063] (1) Select the sun-dried product of 4-year-old cultivated ginseng with intact appearance, 10 cm in length, 1 cm in diameter, reddish-brown in color and uniform texture, wash it with clean water and wipe off the surface moisture;

[0064] (2) Weigh the above-mentioned ginseng and measure its moisture content. Supplement ultrapure water according to the final moisture content of 30%, put it into an aluminum foil bag together with the ginseng, seal it and place it at 4°C for equilibration treatment for 48 hours;

[0065] (3) Place the sealed-packaged ginseng treated in step (2) under a relative pressure of 80 KPa (saturated vapor pressure of water) and steam for 2 hours;

[0066] (4) Take out the ginseng obtained in step (3) from the aluminum foil sealed bag and dry it at 90°C for 2 hours until the moisture content is lower than 12%;

[0067] (5) Weigh, vacuum-seal the red ginseng obtained in step (4), and package it to obtain the finished red ginseng.

[0068] After testing, the AFG content in the product is 64.49 mg / g DW, the total ACs content is 82.12 mg / g DW, and the 5-HMF content is 0.0447 mg / g DW.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] The preparation method of the red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0071] (1) Select the sun-dried product of 4-year-old cultivated ginseng with intact appearance, 10 cm in length, 1 cm in diameter, reddish-brown in color and uniform texture, wash it with clean water and wipe off the surface moisture;

[0072] (2) Weigh the above-mentioned ginseng and measure its moisture content. Supplement ultrapure water according to the final moisture content of 25%, put it into an aluminum foil bag together with the ginseng, seal it and place it at 25°C for equilibration treatment for 24 hours;

[0073] (3) Place the sealed-packaged ginseng treated in step (2) under a relative pressure of 90 KPa (saturated vapor pressure of water) and steam for 2 hours;

[0074] (4) Take out the ginseng obtained in step (3) from the aluminum foil sealed bag and dry it at 90°C for 2 hours until the moisture content is lower than 12%;

[0075] (5) Weigh the red ginseng obtained in step (4), perform vacuum sealing, and obtain the finished red ginseng after packaging.

[0076] After testing, the content of AFG in the product is 72.31 mg / g DW, the content of total ACs is 92.11 mg / g DW, and the content of 5-HMF is 0.0494 mg / g DW.

[0077] Example 4

[0078] The preparation method of the red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0079] (1) Select the sun-dried product of 4-year-old cultivated ginseng with complete appearance, 10 cm in length, 1 cm in diameter, red-brown in color and uniform texture, wash it with clean water and wipe off the surface moisture;

[0080] (2) Weigh the above-mentioned ginseng and measure its moisture content. Supplement ultrapure water according to the final moisture content of 25%, put it into an aluminum foil bag together with the ginseng, seal it and place it at 40 °C for equilibration treatment for 8 hours;

[0081] (3) Place the sealed and packaged ginseng treated in step (2) under a relative pressure of 80 KPa (saturated vapor pressure of water) and steam for 2 hours;

[0082] (4) Take out the ginseng obtained in step (3) from the aluminum foil sealed bag and dry it at 100 °C for 2 hours until the moisture content is lower than 12%;

[0083] (5) Weigh the red ginseng obtained in step (4), perform vacuum sealing, and obtain the finished red ginseng after packaging.

[0084] After testing, the content of AFG in the product is 65.22 mg / g DW, the content of total ACs is 83.54 mg / g DW, and the content of 5-HMF is 0.0688 mg / g DW.

[0085] Example 5

[0086] The preparation method of the red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0087] (1) Select the sun-dried product of 4-year-old cultivated ginseng with complete appearance, 10 cm in length, 1 cm in diameter, red-brown in color and uniform texture, wash it with clean water and wipe off the surface moisture;

[0088] (2) Weigh the above-mentioned ginseng and measure its moisture content. Supplement ultrapure water according to the final moisture content of 25%, put it into an aluminum foil bag together with the ginseng, seal it and place it at 25 °C for equilibration treatment for 8 hours;

[0089] (3) Place the hermetically packaged ginseng after the treatment in step (2) under a relative pressure of 100 KPa (saturated vapor pressure of water) and steam it for 1 hour.

[0090] (4) Take out the ginseng obtained in step (3) from the aluminum foil sealed bag and place it at 90 °C for drying treatment for 2 hours until the moisture content is less than 12%.

[0091] (5) Weigh the red ginseng obtained in step (4), carry out vacuum sealing, and obtain the finished red ginseng after packaging.

[0092] After testing, the content of AFG in the product is 70.26 mg / g DW, the content of total ACs is 89.93 mg / g DW, and the content of 5-HMF is 0.0476 mg / g DW.

[0093] Example 6

[0094] The preparation method of the red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0095] (1) Select the sun-dried product of 4-year-old cultivated ginseng with a complete appearance, a length of 10 cm, a diameter of 1 cm, a reddish-brown color and uniform texture, wash it with clean water and wipe the surface moisture.

[0096] (2) Weigh the above ginseng and measure its moisture content, supplement ultrapure water according to the final moisture content of 25%, put it into an aluminum foil bag together with the ginseng, seal it and place it at 4 °C for equilibration treatment for 24 hours.

[0097] (3) Place the hermetically packaged ginseng after the treatment in step (2) under a relative pressure of 80 KPa (saturated vapor pressure of water) and steam it for 2 hours.

[0098] (4) Take out the ginseng obtained in step (3) from the aluminum foil sealed bag and place it at 110 °C for drying treatment for 1 hour until the moisture content is less than 12%.

[0099] (5) Weigh the red ginseng obtained in step (4), carry out vacuum sealing, and obtain the finished red ginseng after packaging.

[0100] After testing, the content of AFG in the product is 68.89 mg / g DW, the content of total ACs is 87.68 mg / g DW, and the content of 5-HMF is 0.0615 mg / g DW.

[0101] Comparative Example 1

[0102] The preparation method of the red ginseng product in this comparative example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0103] (1) Select the sun-dried products of 4-year-old cultivated ginseng with intact appearance, 10 cm in length, 1 cm in diameter, reddish-brown in color and uniform texture, wash them with clean water and wipe off the surface moisture;

[0104] (2) Place the above-mentioned ginseng directly on boiling water and steam it for 2 hours;

[0105] (3) Place the ginseng obtained in step (2) at 90 °C and dry it for 2 hours until the moisture content is less than 12%;

[0106] (4) Weigh and vacuum-seal the red ginseng obtained in step (3), and obtain the finished product of red ginseng after packaging.

[0107] After testing, the content of AFG in the product is 37.18 mg / g DW, the content of total ACs is 51.64 mg / g DW, and the content of 5-HMF is 0.1045 mg / g DW.

[0108] Compared with the red ginseng product prepared in Comparative Example 1, the content of AFG and the content of total ACs in the red ginseng product prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention are both significantly increased, while the content of 5-HMF is greatly reduced. It can be seen that the red ginseng product obtained by the preparation method provided by the present invention has more advantages in terms of food safety and health-benefiting functions, and is therefore more easily accepted by consumers.

[0109] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of red ginseng products with high AFG and low 5-HMF content, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: S1: Select and wash ginseng, then adjust its moisture content to 25%-30% with ultrapure water, seal it, and equilibrate at 4-40 °C for 8-48 hours; S2: Subject the sealed ginseng after equilibration treatment to high-pressure steaming at a relative pressure with the saturated vapor pressure of water being 80 KPa - 100 KPa for 1-2 hours; S3: After steaming, take out the ginseng from the sealed bag, conduct drying treatment at a temperature of 90-110 °C for 1-2 hours until the moisture content is lower than 12% to obtain a red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In S1, select the sun-dried product of 4-year-old cultivated ginseng with intact appearance, uniform color and size, and uniform texture.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein After drying in S3, it further includes weighing, vacuum sealing, and packaging.

4. A red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Among them, the AFG content ≥ 64.49 mg / g DW, and the 5-HMF content ≤ 0.0688 mg / g DW.

5. Use of the red ginseng product with high AFG and low 5-HMF content prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-3 in the preparation of health products.

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