A cold heat and electricity combined supply system based on proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of distributed energy, and discloses a cold, heat and electricity combined supply system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, an adsorption refrigeration cycle system and an air source heat pump system. The heat generated by the reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is stored in a heat storage water tank, and is directly used for heating users or supplying energy for an adsorption refrigerator; the cold water generated by the adsorption refrigerator in the adsorption refrigeration cycle system is used for cooling users, and the user drainage after heat exchange is used for providing waste heat for the air source heat pump and reducing the power consumption of the heat pump compressor; the air source heat pump system comprises two schemes, one of which is used for heating in winter, and the other of which is used for cooling in summer; when the outdoor heat exchanger is frosted in winter, the user drainage can be used to maintain the operation of the air source heat pump. The present application makes better use of the electricity and waste heat of the fuel cell, has higher comprehensive energy utilization rate and heat pump efficiency, lower carbon emission and energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of distributed energy technology, specifically to a combined cooling, heating and power system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to many other distributed power generation devices, fuel cells are a better match for the ideal requirements of distributed power generation due to their superior characteristics. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate at temperatures of approximately 60-85°C, generating electricity from hydrogen while also producing heat. When applied to combined heat and power (CHP) systems, the heat from proton exchange membrane fuel cells can be used to heat domestic hot water or the heating medium in heating systems, achieving a total system efficiency approaching 90%. However, the relatively low operating temperature of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and the presence of heat losses during heat exchange mean that in areas with high heat demand, the heat generated by proton exchange membrane fuel cells may be insufficient to meet user needs.

[0003] Adsorption chillers transfer heat using solid adsorbent materials such as zeolite or silica gel. They are characterized by their simple structure, quiet operation, and lack of long-term maintenance. Adsorption chillers can be driven by low-temperature waste heat, typically using 50-100℃ hot water as the desorption heat source and 20-40℃ cooling water for cooling, consuming minimal electricity during operation. However, adsorption refrigeration cycles have low adsorption capacity and a low coefficient of performance (COP). Furthermore, when using water as the refrigerant, they cannot achieve sub-zero temperatures, which severely limits the application and development of adsorption chillers.

[0004] The working principle of a heat pump is based on the physical property that "the boiling point of a fluid increases with pressure." It lowers the pressure through a two-way expansion valve and increases it through a compressor. A heat pump can transfer heat from a low temperature to a high temperature, using electrical energy to drive a heating or cooling cycle. It provides heating to users in winter and cooling in summer. The efficiency of a heat pump is closely related to the ambient temperature. Assuming a constant indoor temperature, in heating mode, the higher the evaporator temperature, the better the efficiency; in cooling mode, the lower the condenser temperature, the better the efficiency. Therefore, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, adsorption chillers, and heat pumps can be combined. The electricity generated by the fuel cell drives the heat pump compressor, and the water used for heating or cooling can be used to heat or lower the temperature of the refrigerant in the heat pump system to increase the heating efficiency. Furthermore, when the demand for heat or cooling is low, the heat pump can be left off to save electricity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention is made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a combined cooling, heating and power system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, so as to make fuller use of the electrical and thermal energy of the fuel cell, improve the efficiency of the heat pump heating cycle and cooling cycle and reduce the power consumption of the heat pump.

[0006] This invention provides a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), characterized by comprising a PEMFC system, an adsorption refrigeration cycle system, and an air source heat pump system. The PEMFC system includes a hydrogen supply circuit, an air supply circuit, a waste heat recovery circuit, a power supply circuit, a user heating circuit, the PEMFC itself, and a hot water storage tank. The hydrogen and air supply circuits are both connected to the PEMFC and supply hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. The waste heat recovery circuit connects the PEMFC and the hot water storage tank to recover and store the heat energy generated by the PEMFC reaction. The power supply circuit connects to the PEMFC to supply power to users and store excess electrical energy. The user heating circuit connects to the hot water storage tank to provide heating to users and to utilize water whose temperature remains above ambient temperature after heating for air source heat pump systems. The air-source heat pump system provides heat and continues to operate even when the outdoor heat exchanger stops frosting. The adsorption refrigeration cycle system uses hot water from the storage tank for cooling, providing cooling to users. The water, still below ambient temperature after cooling, provides heat to the air-source heat pump system. The air-source heat pump system has a winter heating mode and a summer cooling mode. When the waste heat from the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is insufficient to meet the user's heating needs, the air-source heat pump system operates in winter heating mode to supplement the user's heating, and uses water obtained from heat exchange with the user, still at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, to reduce the power consumption of the heat pump compressor in the air-source heat pump system. When the adsorption refrigeration cycle system is insufficient to meet the user's cooling needs, the air-source heat pump system operates in summer cooling mode to supplement the user's cooling, and uses water obtained from heat exchange with the user, still at a temperature lower than the ambient temperature, to reduce the power consumption of the heat pump compressor in the air-source heat pump system.

[0007] The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by this invention may also have the following features: the hydrogen supply circuit includes a hydrogen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a manual shut-off valve, an electromagnetic explosion-proof valve, a fuel recirculation pump, a fuel humidifier, a gas pressure regulating valve, and a venting valve. The hydrogen storage tank, pressure reducing valve, manual shut-off valve, electromagnetic explosion-proof valve, fuel recirculation pump, fuel humidifier, and gas pressure regulating valve are connected in sequence, and the gas pressure regulating valve is connected to the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The two sides of the venting valve are respectively connected to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the electromagnetic explosion-proof valve and the fuel recirculation pump. At the branch points of the pipeline, the gas with a higher hydrogen content remaining after the reaction re-enters the fuel recirculation pump through the vent valve, while the gas with a lower hydrogen content is discharged into the air through the vent valve. The air supply circuit includes an air filter, a muffler, an air compressor, an air humidifier, a gas pressure regulator, and an exhaust valve. The air filter, muffler, air compressor, air humidifier, and gas pressure regulator are connected in sequence, and the gas pressure regulator is connected to the cathode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The exhaust valve is connected to the cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the exhaust air after the reaction is discharged into the air through the exhaust valve.

[0008] The combined cooling, heating, and power system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by this invention may also have the following features: the waste heat recovery loop includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a heat source side of a hot water storage tank, and a first water pump. The first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the heat source side inlet of the hot water storage tank, the heat source side outlet of the hot water storage tank, and the first water pump are connected in sequence to form a loop, and cooling water flows inside. The second heat exchanger is used to allow the cooling water to absorb the waste heat from the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The cooling water that has absorbed the waste heat exchanges heat inside the hot water storage tank to store the heat. The first heat exchanger is used to dissipate the remaining heat in the cooling water into the air.

[0009] The combined cooling, heating, and power system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by this invention may also have the following features: the power supply circuit includes a DC-DC converter, an air compressor, a heat pump compressor, and a battery. The DC-DC converter is connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the air compressor, the heat pump compressor, the battery, and the user-side facilities, respectively, and is used to convert the electrical energy generated by the reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into stable DC power. The stable DC power drives the air compressor and the heat pump compressor to operate and supplies power to the user-side facilities. Excess electrical energy is stored in the battery.

[0010] The combined cooling, heating, and power system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by this invention may also have the following features: the user heating circuit includes a user side of a hot water storage tank, a tenth shut-off valve, a third water pump, user side facilities, an eleventh shut-off valve, a fourth heat exchanger, and a thirteenth shut-off valve. The user side outlet of the hot water storage tank, the tenth shut-off valve, the third water pump, the user side facilities, the fourth heat exchanger, the thirteenth shut-off valve, and the user side inlet of the hot water storage tank are connected in sequence to form a circulation, and water flows inside. The fourth heat exchanger is used to exchange heat between the water flowing out from the user side facilities and whose temperature is still higher than the ambient temperature and the air source heat pump system.

[0011] The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by this invention may also have the following features: the adsorption refrigeration cycle system includes a cooling tower, an adsorption chiller, a user cooling circuit, an adsorber water circulation circuit, and a chiller side of a hot water storage tank. The cooling tower has an adsorber-side inlet, an adsorber-side outlet, a condenser-side inlet, a condenser-side outlet, a user-side inlet, and a user-side outlet. The chiller sides of the cooling tower and the hot water storage tank are connected to the adsorption chiller through the adsorber water circulation circuit, and a continuous adsorption refrigeration cycle is formed by opening and closing valves. The cooling capacity generated by the chiller is supplied to users through the user cooling supply circuit. The adsorption chiller includes a first adsorber, a second adsorber, a condenser, and an evaporator. The outlet and inlet of the first adsorber are connected to the chiller-side inlet and outlet of the hot water storage tank, respectively. The outlet and inlet of the second adsorber are connected to the adsorber-side inlet and outlet of the cooling tower, respectively. The condenser is connected between the condenser-side inlet and outlet of the cooling tower, and a sixteenth shut-off valve is connected between the condenser-side outlet and the condenser. The evaporator is connected to the heat exchanger in the user cooling supply circuit.

[0012] Furthermore, the adsorber water circulation loop includes a first shut-off valve, a second shut-off valve, a third shut-off valve, a fourth shut-off valve, a fifth shut-off valve, a sixth shut-off valve, a seventh shut-off valve, and an eighth shut-off valve. The first shut-off valve is connected to the outlet of the second adsorber and the inlet of the cooling tower, respectively. The second shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of the second adsorber and the outlet of the cooling tower, respectively. The third shut-off valve is connected to the hot water storage tank side of the seventh shut-off valve and the second adsorber side of the first shut-off valve, respectively. The fourth shut-off valve is connected to the first adsorber side of the seventh shut-off valve and the cooling tower side of the first shut-off valve, respectively. The fifth shut-off valve is connected to the first adsorber side of the eighth shut-off valve and the cooling tower side of the second shut-off valve, respectively. The sixth shut-off valve... The first water circulation occurs when the first, second, seventh, and eighth stop valves are open and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth stop valves are closed. The second water circulation occurs when the first and second water circulations alternate to form a continuous adsorption-type refrigeration cycle.

[0013] The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by this invention may also have the following features: the air source heat pump system includes a fourth heat exchanger, a fourteenth shut-off valve, a fifteenth shut-off valve, a fifth heat exchanger, a sixth heat exchanger, a four-way reversing valve, a heat pump compressor, a bidirectional expansion valve, and user-side facilities. The four ports of the four-way reversing valve are respectively connected to the fifth heat exchanger, the sixth heat exchanger, the inlet of the heat pump compressor, and the outlet of the heat pump compressor. The bidirectional expansion valve and the fourteenth shut-off valve are connected between the fifth heat exchanger and the sixth heat exchanger. The branch of the pipeline between the bidirectional expansion valve and the fourteenth shut-off valve is connected to the fifteenth shut-off valve and the fourth heat exchanger. The other side of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the branch of the pipeline between the four-way reversing valve and the sixth heat exchanger. The fifth heat exchanger is connected to the user-side facilities. Both the fifth and sixth heat exchangers utilize air and refrigerant for heat exchange.

[0014] Furthermore, during winter heating mode operation, the fluid flowing out of the fifth heat exchanger expands through the bidirectional expansion valve, then flows through the branch pipe between the bidirectional expansion valve and the fourteenth shut-off valve, passing through the fourteenth shut-off valve and the sixth heat exchanger, and the fifteenth shut-off valve and the fourth heat exchanger, respectively. It then merges at the branch pipe between the four-way reversing valve and the sixth heat exchanger and flows into the four-way reversing valve, where it is compressed by the heat pump compressor and flows back into the fifth heat exchanger through the four-way reversing valve, forming a heating mode cycle. During summer cooling mode operation, the fluid flowing out of the fifth heat exchanger flows through the four-way reversing valve into the heat pump compressor, where it is compressed. It then flows through the branch pipe between the four-way reversing valve and the sixth heat exchanger, passing through the sixth heat exchanger and the fourteenth shut-off valve, and the fourth heat exchanger and the fifteenth shut-off valve, respectively. It then merges at the branch pipe between the bidirectional expansion valve and the fourteenth shut-off valve and flows into the bidirectional expansion valve for expansion, before flowing back into the fifth heat exchanger, forming a cooling mode cycle. When the sixth heat exchanger is frosted, the fourteenth shut-off valve closes; when the sixth heat exchanger is defrosted, the fourteenth shut-off valve opens.

[0015] The role and effect of invention

[0016] The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) according to this invention, comprising a PEMFC system, an adsorption refrigeration cycle system, and an air source heat pump system, fully utilizes the low-grade characteristics of waste heat from the PEMFC. While supplying power to the user, the generated waste heat can be used for user heating, adsorption refrigeration, and reducing heat pump power consumption. The adsorption refrigeration cycle system can also provide cooling for the user and reduce heat pump power consumption. The electricity generated by the PEMFC can be stored in a battery, and the generated waste heat can be stored in a hot water storage tank. Therefore, compared to traditional PEMFC-based systems with separate power supply, this CCHP system has higher overall energy utilization and lower carbon emissions. Compared to traditional systems with separate heat pump heating or cooling, it has higher heat pump efficiency and lower energy consumption, while also solving some of the problems associated with utilizing waste heat from PEMFC systems in summer. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the combined cooling, heating and power system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first water circulation loop of the adsorber water circulation circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second water circulation loop of the adsorber water circulation circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the four-way reversing valve in heating mode in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the four-way reversing valve in cooling mode in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0023] 1 Hydrogen storage tank; 2 Pressure reducing valve; 3 Manual shut-off valve; 4 Electromagnetic explosion-proof valve; 5 Fuel recirculation pump; 6 Fuel humidifier; 7 First gas pressure regulating valve; 8 Vent valve; 9 DC-AC converter; 10 Second gas pressure regulating valve; 11 Air humidifier; 12 Air compressor; 13 Silencer; 14 Air filter; 15 Exhaust valve; 16 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; 17 First heat exchanger; 18 Second heat exchanger; 19 Hot water storage tank; 20 First water pump; 21 Cooling tower; 22 First shut-off valve; 23 Second shut-off valve; 24 Adsorption chiller; 241 First adsorber; 242 Second adsorber; 243 Condenser; 244 Evaporator; 25 Third shut-off valve; 26 Fourth shut-off valve; 27 Fifth shut-off valve; 28 Sixth shut-off valve; 29 Seventh shut-off valve; 30 Eighth shut-off valve; 31 Ninth shut-off valve; 32 Second water pump; 33 Third heat exchanger; 34 Tenth shut-off valve; 35 Third water pump; 36 Eleventh shut-off valve; 37 Fourth heat exchanger; 38 Twelfth shut-off valve; 39 Thirteenth shut-off valve; 40 Fifth heat exchanger; 41 Four-way reversing valve; 42 Heat pump compressor; 43 Sixth heat exchanger; 44 Fourteenth shut-off valve; 45 Fifteenth shut-off valve; 46 Two-way expansion valve; 47 Battery; 48 User-side facilities; 49 Sixteenth shut-off valve. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Example

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a combined cooling, heating, and power system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a combined cooling, heating and power system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, including a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, an adsorption refrigeration cycle system, and an air source heat pump system.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system includes a hydrogen supply circuit, an air supply circuit, a waste heat recovery circuit, a power supply circuit, a user heating circuit, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16, and a hot water storage tank 19. The hydrogen supply circuit, air supply circuit, waste heat recovery circuit, and power supply circuit are all connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16, while the waste heat recovery circuit and user heating circuit are both connected to the hot water storage tank 19.

[0029] The hydrogen supply circuit, used to supply hydrogen, includes a hydrogen storage tank 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a manual shut-off valve 3, an electromagnetic explosion-proof valve 4, a fuel recirculation pump 5, a fuel humidifier 6, a first gas pressure regulating valve 7, and a vent valve 8. The hydrogen storage tank 1, pressure reducing valve 2, manual shut-off valve 3, electromagnetic explosion-proof valve 4, fuel recirculation pump 5, fuel humidifier 6, and first gas pressure regulating valve 7 are sequentially connected to the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16. The anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16 is connected to the vent valve 8. The vent valve 8 connects to a branch of the pipeline between the electromagnetic explosion-proof valve 4 and the fuel recirculation pump 5, and to the outside air. The vent valve 8 is controlled by the hydrogen content in the exhaust gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16. Gas with a higher hydrogen content remaining after the reaction re-enters the fuel recirculation pump 5, while gas with a lower hydrogen content is discharged into the air.

[0030] The air supply circuit, used to supply oxygen, includes an air filter 14, a silencer 13, an air compressor 12, an air humidifier 11, a second gas pressure regulating valve 10, and an exhaust valve 15. The air filter 14, silencer 13, air compressor 12, air humidifier 11, and second gas pressure regulating valve 10 are sequentially connected to the cathode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16. The cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16 is connected to the exhaust valve 15, and the exhaust gas from the reaction is discharged into the air through the exhaust valve 15.

[0031] The waste heat recovery loop is used to recover waste heat and includes a first heat exchanger 17, a second heat exchanger 18, the heat source side of a hot water storage tank 19, and a first water pump 20. The first heat exchanger 17 is used for air-to-water heat exchange and can be a finned tube heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger 18 is used for refrigerant-to-water heat exchange and can be a plate heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, or a coaxial heat exchanger. The hot water storage tank 19 has six interfaces: a heat source side inlet, a heat source side outlet, a chiller side outlet, a chiller side inlet, a user side outlet, and a user side inlet. The first heat exchanger 17, the second heat exchanger 18, the heat source side inlet of the hot water storage tank 19, the heat source side outlet of the hot water storage tank 19, and the first water pump 20 are connected sequentially to form a loop. Cooling water that has absorbed the waste heat from the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16 exchanges heat with the heat storage tank 19 via the heat source side inlet of the second heat exchanger 18 and the heat storage tank 19, storing the heat in the heat storage tank 19. Then, it flows out through the heat source side outlet of the heat storage tank 19 and is pumped to the first heat exchanger 17 by the first water pump 20 to release the remaining heat into the air. Then, it flows back to the second heat exchanger 18 to continue absorbing the waste heat from the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16.

[0032] When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16 is in the initial stage of low-temperature start-up, the first water pump 20 is turned off. When the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16 reaches a certain temperature, the first water pump 20 is turned on, and the residual heat is absorbed through the second heat exchanger 18 to prevent the fuel cell temperature from becoming too high.

[0033] The power supply circuit supplies direct current (DC) power and includes a DC-DC converter 9, an air compressor 12, a heat pump compressor 42, a battery 47, and user-side facilities 48. The electrical energy generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16 reaction is converted into stable DC power by the DC-DC converter 9. This stable DC power drives the air compressor 12 and the heat pump compressor 42, and supplies power to the user-side facilities 48. Excess electrical energy is stored in the battery 47.

[0034] The user heating circuit is used for heating and reducing heat pump power consumption. It includes the user side of the hot water storage tank 19, the tenth shut-off valve 34, the third water pump 35, the user side facility 48, the eleventh shut-off valve 36, the fourth heat exchanger 37, and the thirteenth shut-off valve 39. Hot water in the hot water storage tank 19 flows from the user side outlet through the tenth shut-off valve 34 and the third water pump 35 into the user side facility 48. Water flowing out of the user side facility 48 and still at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature flows through the eleventh shut-off valve 36 into the fourth heat exchanger 37 for heat exchange. At this time, the twelfth shut-off valve 38 is closed and the thirteenth shut-off valve 39 is open. The water after heat exchange flows back to the user side inlet of the hot water storage tank 19 through the thirteenth shut-off valve 39.

[0035] The working principle of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system: Hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen supply circuit and oxygen from the air supplied by the air supply circuit are humidified and enter the anode and cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16 to react. The DC power generated by the reaction is converted into stable DC power by the DC-DC converter 9 of the power supply circuit. The heat generated by the reaction is stored in the hot water storage tank 19 through the waste heat recovery circuit. The heat in the hot water storage tank 19 is supplied to the user-side facility 48 for heating through the user heating circuit. The gas with a high hydrogen content remaining after the reaction enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 16 through the fuel recirculation pump 5 in the hydrogen supply circuit. The gas with a low hydrogen content remaining is discharged into the air. The exhaust gas after the reaction is discharged into the air.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the adsorption refrigeration cycle system includes a cooling tower 21, an adsorption chiller 24, a user cooling circuit, an adsorber water circulation circuit, and the chiller side of the hot water storage tank 19.

[0037] The cooling tower 21 has six ports: an adsorber-side inlet, an adsorber-side outlet, a condenser-side inlet, a condenser-side outlet, a user-side inlet, and a user-side outlet. The condenser-side outlet is connected to a sixteenth shut-off valve 49. The cooling water flowing out from this end flows through the sixteenth shut-off valve 49 and the condenser 243 before returning to the cooling tower 21.

[0038] The adsorption chiller 24 includes a first adsorber 241, a second adsorber 242, a condenser 243, and an evaporator 244. The outlet and inlet of the first adsorber 241 are connected to the hot water storage tank 19 via the seventh shut-off valve 29 and the eighth shut-off valve 30, respectively. The outlet and inlet of the second adsorber 242 are connected to the cooling tower 21 via the first shut-off valve 22 and the second shut-off valve 23, respectively. The evaporator 244 is connected to the third heat exchanger 33. The cooling tower 21 and the hot water storage tank 19 are connected to the adsorption chiller 24 through an adsorber water circulation loop, forming a continuous adsorption refrigeration cycle through valve opening and closing. The cooling capacity generated by the adsorption chiller 24 is supplied to the user-side facility 48 through the user cooling supply loop.

[0039] The user cooling circuit, used for cooling and reducing heat pump power consumption, includes a cooling tower 21, a ninth shut-off valve 31, a second water pump 32, a third heat exchanger 33, user-side facilities 48, an eleventh shut-off valve 36, a fourth heat exchanger 37, and a twelfth shut-off valve 38. The third and fourth heat exchangers 33 and 37 are used for heat exchange between the refrigerant and water, and can be plate, shell-and-tube, or coaxial heat exchangers. Cooling water flows sequentially from the user-side outlet of the cooling tower 21 through the ninth shut-off valve 31 and the second water pump 32, then exchanges heat with the third heat exchanger 33, thus providing cooling for the user-side facilities 48. Water that is still below ambient temperature after cooling passes through the eleventh shut-off valve 36 to provide heat to the fourth heat exchanger 37. At this time, the twelfth shut-off valve 38 opens, the thirteenth shut-off valve 39 closes, and the cooling water flows back to the cooling tower 21 through the twelfth shut-off valve 38.

[0040] The adsorber water circulation loop is used to control the continuous adsorption circulation and includes a first shut-off valve 22, a second shut-off valve 23, a third shut-off valve 25, a fourth shut-off valve 26, a fifth shut-off valve 27, a sixth shut-off valve 28, a seventh shut-off valve 29, and an eighth shut-off valve 30. Specifically, the first shut-off valve 22 is connected to the outlet of the second adsorber 242 and the inlet of the cooling tower 21, respectively; the second shut-off valve 23 is connected to the inlet of the second adsorber 242 and the outlet of the cooling tower 21, respectively; the third shut-off valve 25 is connected to the hot water storage tank side of the seventh shut-off valve 29 and the second adsorber side of the first shut-off valve 22, respectively; and the fourth shut-off valve 26 is connected to the first adsorber side of the seventh shut-off valve 29 and the cooling tower side of the first shut-off valve 22, respectively. The fifth shut-off valve 27 is connected to the first adsorber side of the eighth shut-off valve 30 and the cooling tower side of the second shut-off valve 23, respectively. The sixth shut-off valve 28 is connected to the hot water storage tank side of the eighth shut-off valve 30 and the second adsorber side of the second shut-off valve 23, respectively. The seventh shut-off valve 29 is connected to the outlet of the first adsorber 241 and the inlet end of the chiller side of the hot water storage tank 19, respectively. The eighth shut-off valve 30 is connected to the inlet of the first adsorber 241 and the outlet end of the chiller side of the hot water storage tank 19, respectively.

[0041] Figure 2 and Figure 3 These are schematic diagrams of the first and second water circulation loops of the adsorber water circulation circuit.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, when the first shut-off valve 22, the second shut-off valve 23, the seventh shut-off valve 29, and the eighth shut-off valve 30 are open, and the third shut-off valve 25, the fourth shut-off valve 26, the fifth shut-off valve 27, and the sixth shut-off valve 28 are closed, the hot water from the hot water storage tank 19 heats the first adsorber 241, and the cooling water from the cooling tower 21 cools the second adsorber 242, forming the first water circulation.

[0043] When the first adsorber 241 has fully desorbed and the second adsorber 242 is saturated, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first shut-off valve 22, the second shut-off valve 23, the seventh shut-off valve 29, and the eighth shut-off valve 30 are closed, while the third shut-off valve 25, the fourth shut-off valve 26, the fifth shut-off valve 27, and the sixth shut-off valve 28 are open. At this time, the cooling water from the cooling tower 21 cools the first adsorber 241, and the hot water from the hot water storage tank 19 heats the second adsorber 242, forming a second water circulation.

[0044] The first adsorber 241 and the second adsorber 242 alternate to form a continuous adsorption refrigeration cycle. The 9-14℃ refrigerant water obtained by the adsorption refrigeration unit 24 flows out from the evaporator 244, flows through the third heat exchanger 33 for heat exchange, and then returns to the evaporator 244.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the air source heat pump system includes a fourth heat exchanger 37, a fourteenth shut-off valve 44, a fifteenth shut-off valve 45, a fifth heat exchanger 40, a sixth heat exchanger 43, a four-way reversing valve 41, a heat pump compressor 42, a two-way expansion valve 46, and user-side facilities 48.

[0046] The fifth heat exchanger 40 and the sixth heat exchanger 43 are both used for heat exchange between refrigerant and air, and can be finned tube heat exchangers.

[0047] The four ports of the four-way reversing valve 41 are respectively connected to the fifth heat exchanger 40, the sixth heat exchanger 43, the inlet of the heat pump compressor 42, and the outlet of the heat pump compressor 42. The two sides of the bidirectional expansion valve 46 are respectively connected to the fourteenth shut-off valve 44 and the fifth heat exchanger 40. The other port of the fourteenth shut-off valve 44 is connected to the sixth heat exchanger 43. The branch pipe between the bidirectional expansion valve 46 and the fourteenth shut-off valve 44 is connected to the fifteenth shut-off valve 45 and the fourth heat exchanger 37. The other side of the fourth heat exchanger 37 is connected to the branch pipe between the four-way reversing valve 41 and the sixth heat exchanger 43. The fifth heat exchanger 40 is connected to the user-side facility 48. Two schemes are included; Scheme 1 is for winter operation, where the four-way reversing valve 41... Figure 4 The heating mode shown is for operation in summer; option two is for summer operation, with the four-way reversing valve 41 in operation. Figure 5 It is operating in the cooling mode shown.

[0048] In Scheme 1, the fifth heat exchanger 40 serves as the condenser in the air-source heat pump system, and the sixth heat exchanger 43 serves as the evaporator. The high-pressure fluid exiting the fifth heat exchanger 40 expands into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid mixture via the bidirectional expansion valve 46. This mixture then flows through the branch pipe between the bidirectional expansion valve 46 and the fourteenth shut-off valve 44, passing through the fourteenth shut-off valve 44 and the sixth heat exchanger 43, and the fifteenth shut-off valve 45 and the fourth heat exchanger 37, respectively. This process absorbs heat from the air and the water exiting the user-side facility 48. The resulting steam exits from the fourth heat exchanger 37 and the sixth heat exchanger 43, then converges at the branch pipe between the four-way reversing valve 41 and the sixth heat exchanger 43, flowing into the four-way reversing valve 41. The four-way reversing valve 41... Figure 4 In the heating mode shown, the steam is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam in the heat pump compressor 42, and then flows into the fifth heat exchanger 40 through the four-way reversing valve 41, thus forming the winter heating mode of Scheme 1.

[0049] When the sixth heat exchanger 43 is frosted, the fourteenth shut-off valve 44 is closed, and the low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid mixture flowing out of the bidirectional expansion valve 46 absorbs heat only from the water flowing out of the user-side facility 48; when the sixth heat exchanger 43 is defrosted, the fourteenth shut-off valve 44 is opened, and the low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid mixture flowing out of the bidirectional expansion valve 46 absorbs heat again from the air and the water flowing out of the user.

[0050] In Scheme 2, the fifth heat exchanger 40 serves as the evaporator in the air source heat pump system, and the sixth heat exchanger 43 serves as the condenser. The steam flowing out of the fifth heat exchanger 40 flows into the four-way reversing valve 41, which... Figure 5 In the cooling mode shown, steam is compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure superheated steam in the heat pump compressor 42. It then flows again through the four-way reversing valve 41 into the branch pipe between the four-way reversing valve 41 and the sixth heat exchanger 43. From this branch pipe, it flows through the sixth heat exchanger 43 and the fourteenth shut-off valve 44, as well as the fourth heat exchanger 37 and the fifteenth shut-off valve 45, respectively, to release heat in the air and the water flowing out by the user. The high-pressure, low-temperature liquid flows out from the fourteenth shut-off valve 44 and the fifteenth shut-off valve 45, and then merges into the two-way expansion valve 46 at the branch pipe between the two-way expansion valve 46 and the fourteenth shut-off valve 44 to expand, and then flows into the fifth heat exchanger 40, thus forming the summer cooling mode of Scheme 2.

[0051] The role and effect of the embodiments

[0052] The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) according to this embodiment includes a PEMFC system, an adsorption refrigeration cycle system, and an air source heat pump system. It fully utilizes the low-grade characteristics of the waste heat from the PEMFC. While supplying power to the user, the generated waste heat can be used for user heating, adsorption refrigeration, and reducing heat pump power consumption. The adsorption refrigeration cycle system can also provide cooling for the user and reduce heat pump power consumption. The electricity generated by the PEMFC can be stored in a battery, and the generated waste heat can be stored in a hot water storage tank. Therefore, compared to traditional PEMFC-based systems with separate power supply, this CCHP system has a higher overall energy utilization rate and lower carbon emissions. Compared to traditional systems with separate heat pump heating or cooling, it has higher heat pump efficiency and lower energy consumption. It also solves the problem of utilizing some of the waste heat from the PEMFC system in summer.

[0053] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based combined cooling, heating and power system, characterized by, The system comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, an adsorption refrigeration cycle system, and an air source heat pump system; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen supply circuit, an air supply circuit, a waste heat recovery circuit, a power supply circuit, a user heating circuit, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and a heat storage water tank, The hydrogen supply circuit and the air supply circuit are both connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and are respectively used for supplying hydrogen and oxygen, The waste heat recovery circuit connects the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the heat storage water tank and is used for recovering and storing the heat energy generated by the reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the heat storage water tank, The power supply circuit is connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and is used for supplying power to users and storing excess electric energy, The user heating circuit is connected to the heat storage water tank and is used for heating users by using the hot water in the heat storage water tank and providing heat for the air source heat pump system by using the water whose temperature is still higher than the ambient temperature after heating, and keeping the air source heat pump system running when the outdoor heat exchanger of the air source heat pump system stops running due to frosting, The adsorption refrigeration cycle system uses the hot water in the heat storage water tank for refrigeration, and the cold energy generated by the refrigeration is used for cooling users, and the water whose temperature is still lower than the ambient temperature after cooling is used for providing heat for the air source heat pump system, The air source heat pump system has a winter heating mode and a summer refrigeration mode, When the waste heat of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is insufficient to meet the user heating demand, the air source heat pump system runs in the winter heating mode to supplement the user heating, and the water whose temperature is still higher than the ambient temperature after heat exchange with users is used to reduce the power consumption of the heat pump compressor in the air source heat pump system, When the adsorption refrigeration cycle system is insufficient to meet the user cooling demand, the air source heat pump system runs in the summer refrigeration mode to supplement the user cooling, and the water whose temperature is still lower than the ambient temperature after heat exchange with users is used to reduce the power consumption of the heat pump compressor in the air source heat pump system.

2. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, wherein wherein The hydrogen supply circuit comprises a hydrogen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a manual stop valve, an electromagnetic explosion-proof valve, a fuel recirculation pump, a fuel humidifier, a gas pressure stabilizing valve, and a gas exhaust valve, The hydrogen storage tank, the pressure reducing valve, the manual stop valve, the electromagnetic explosion-proof valve, the fuel recirculation pump, the fuel humidifier, and the gas pressure stabilizing valve are sequentially connected, and the gas pressure stabilizing valve is connected to the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, The two sides of the gas exhaust valve are respectively connected to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the branch of the pipeline between the electromagnetic explosion-proof valve and the fuel recirculation pump, and the gas with a high hydrogen content after the reaction reenters the fuel recirculation pump through the gas exhaust valve, and the gas with a low hydrogen content is discharged into the air through the gas exhaust valve; The air supply circuit comprises an air filter, a silencer, an air compressor, an air humidifier, a gas pressure stabilizing valve, and a gas exhaust valve, The air filter, the silencer, the air compressor, the air humidifier, and the gas pressure stabilizer are connected in sequence, and the gas pressure stabilizer is connected to the cathode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, The exhaust valve is connected to the cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the reacted air exhaust gas is discharged into the air through the exhaust valve.

3. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: wherein The waste heat recovery circuit comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a heat source side of the heat storage water tank, and a first water pump, The first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the heat source side inlet of the heat storage water tank, the heat source side outlet of the heat storage water tank, and the first water pump are connected in sequence to form a circulation, and cooling water flows inside, The second heat exchanger is used to make the cooling water absorb the waste heat of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, The cooling water absorbing the waste heat exchanges heat inside the heat storage water tank to store heat in the heat storage water tank, The first heat exchanger is used to dissipate the remaining heat in the cooling water into the air.

4. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: wherein The power supply circuit comprises a DC-DC converter, an air compressor, a heat pump compressor, and a storage battery, The DC-DC converter is connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the air compressor, the heat pump compressor, the storage battery, and user-side facilities respectively, and is used to convert the electric energy generated by the reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into stable direct current, the stable direct current drives the air compressor and the heat pump compressor to operate, and supplies power to the user-side facilities, and the excess electric energy is stored in the storage battery.

5. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: wherein The user heating circuit comprises a user side of the heat storage water tank, a tenth stop valve, a third water pump, user-side facilities, an eleventh stop valve, a fourth heat exchanger, and a thirteenth stop valve, The user side outlet of the heat storage water tank, the tenth stop valve, the third water pump, the user-side facilities, the fourth heat exchanger, the thirteenth stop valve, and the user side inlet of the heat storage water tank are connected in sequence to form a circulation, and water flows inside, The fourth heat exchanger is used to exchange heat between the water flowing out of the user-side facilities and still having a temperature higher than the ambient temperature and the air source heat pump system.

6. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: wherein, The adsorption refrigeration cycle system comprises a cooling water tower, an adsorption refrigerator, a user cooling circuit, an adsorber water circulation circuit, and a refrigerator side of the heat storage water tank, The cooling water tower has an adsorber-side water inlet end, an adsorber-side water outlet end, a condenser-side water inlet end, a condenser-side water outlet end, a user-side water inlet end, and a user-side water outlet end, the cooling water tower and the heat storage water tank on the side of the refrigeration machine are connected to the adsorption refrigeration machine through the adsorber water circulation loop and form a continuous adsorption refrigeration cycle through the opening and closing of the valves, The adsorption refrigeration machine generates cold energy through the user cooling circuit to provide cooling for users, and the adsorption refrigeration machine includes a first adsorber, a second adsorber, a condenser, and an evaporator, The water outlet and water inlet of the first adsorber are respectively connected to the refrigeration machine-side water inlet end and the refrigeration machine-side water outlet end of the heat storage water tank, The water outlet and water inlet of the second adsorber are respectively connected to the adsorber-side water inlet end and the adsorber-side water outlet end of the cooling water tower, The condenser is connected between the condenser-side water inlet end and the condenser-side water outlet end of the cooling water tower, and the condenser-side water outlet end and the condenser are connected by a sixteenth stop valve, The evaporator is connected to the heat exchanger in the user cooling circuit.

7. The cold, heat and electricity combined supply system based on proton exchange membrane fuel cells according to claim 6, characterized in that: wherein The user cooling circuit includes the user side of the cooling water tower, a ninth stop valve, a second water pump, a third heat exchanger, a user side facility, an eleventh stop valve, a fourth heat exchanger, and a twelfth stop valve, The user-side water outlet of the cooling water tower, the ninth stop valve, the second water pump, the third heat exchanger, the user side facility, the eleventh stop valve, the fourth heat exchanger, the twelfth stop valve, and the user-side water inlet of the cooling water tower are sequentially connected to form a circulation and internally circulate cooling water, The third heat exchanger is connected to the evaporator to exchange heat between the cooling water and the refrigerant water flowing out of the evaporator, The fourth heat exchanger is used to exchange heat between the water flowing out of the user side facility and still lower than the ambient temperature and the air source heat pump system.

8. The cold, heat and electricity combined supply system based on proton exchange membrane fuel cells according to claim 6, characterized in that: wherein The adsorber water circulation loop includes a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a third stop valve, a fourth stop valve, a fifth stop valve, a sixth stop valve, a seventh stop valve, and an eighth stop valve, The two sides of the first stop valve are respectively connected to the water outlet of the second adsorber and the adsorber water inlet end of the cooling water tower, The two sides of the second stop valve are respectively connected to the water inlet of the second adsorber and the adsorber water outlet end of the cooling water tower, The two sides of the third stop valve are respectively connected to the heat storage water tank side of the seventh stop valve and the second adsorber side of the first stop valve, The two sides of the fourth stop valve are respectively connected to the first adsorber side of the seventh stop valve and the cooling water tower side of the first stop valve, The two sides of the fifth stop valve are respectively connected to the first adsorber side of the eighth stop valve and the cooling water tower side of the second stop valve, The two sides of the sixth stop valve are respectively connected to the second adsorber side of the seventh stop valve and the heat storage water tank side of the fourth stop valve. Two sides of the sixth stop valve are connected with the heat storage water tank side of the eighth stop valve and the second adsorber side of the second stop valve respectively, Two sides of the seventh stop valve are connected with the water outlet of the first adsorber and the chiller side water inlet end of the heat storage water tank respectively, Two sides of the eighth stop valve are connected with the water inlet of the first adsorber and the chiller side water outlet end of the heat storage water tank respectively, When the first stop valve, the second stop valve, the seventh stop valve and the eighth stop valve are opened, and the third stop valve, the fourth stop valve, the fifth stop valve and the sixth stop valve are closed, it is the first water circulation; when the first stop valve, the second stop valve, the seventh stop valve and the eighth stop valve are closed, and the third stop valve, the fourth stop valve, the fifth stop valve and the sixth stop valve are opened, it is the second water circulation; the first water circulation and the second water circulation are alternately performed to form the continuous adsorption refrigeration cycle.

9. The combined cooling, heating and power system based on proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: wherein The air source heat pump system comprises a fourth heat exchanger, a fourteenth stop valve, a fifteenth stop valve, a fifth heat exchanger, a sixth heat exchanger, a four-way reversing valve, a heat pump compressor, a bidirectional expansion valve and a user side facility, Four interfaces of the four-way reversing valve are connected with the fifth heat exchanger, the sixth heat exchanger, an inlet of the heat pump compressor and an outlet of the heat pump compressor respectively, The bidirectional expansion valve and the fourteenth stop valve are connected between the fifth heat exchanger and the sixth heat exchanger, and the fifteenth stop valve and the fourth heat exchanger are connected at a pipeline branch between the bidirectional expansion valve and the fourteenth stop valve, The other side of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with a pipeline branch between the four-way reversing valve and the sixth heat exchanger, The fifth heat exchanger is connected with the user side facility, The fifth heat exchanger and the sixth heat exchanger are both used for air and refrigerant heat exchange.

10. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell based combined cooling heating and power system of claim 9, It is characterized in that: Wherein, When the winter heating mode is operated, the fluid flowed out of the fifth heat exchanger flows through the fourteenth stop valve and the sixth heat exchanger, and the fifteenth stop valve and the fourth heat exchanger respectively at a pipeline branch between the bidirectional expansion valve and the fourteenth stop valve after expansion through the bidirectional expansion valve, and then flows into the four-way reversing valve from a pipeline branch between the four-way reversing valve and the sixth heat exchanger, is compressed by the heat pump compressor, flows into the fifth heat exchanger again through the four-way reversing valve, and forms a heating mode cycle; When the summer refrigeration mode is operated, the fluid flowed out of the fifth heat exchanger flows into the heat pump compressor through the four-way reversing valve, is compressed, and then flows through the sixth heat exchanger and the fourteenth stop valve, and the fourth heat exchanger and the fifteenth stop valve respectively at a pipeline branch between the four-way reversing valve and the sixth heat exchanger, and then flows into the bidirectional expansion valve from a pipeline branch between the bidirectional expansion valve and the fourteenth stop valve after expansion, and then flows into the fifth heat exchanger, and forms a refrigeration mode cycle. When the sixth heat exchanger is frosting, the fourteenth stop valve is closed, and when the sixth heat exchanger is defrosting, the fourteenth stop valve is opened.

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