Electrochemical insertion / extraction control methods, systems, control units, devices, and storage media

Abstract

This paper provides an electrochemical deintercalation control method, system, control unit, device, and medium, relating to the field of electrochemical technology. The method includes controlling a power supply module to supply power to multiple deintercalation units in a constant current mode for an electrochemical deintercalation tank system; acquiring the operating voltages of the multiple deintercalation units from a voltage acquisition unit; identifying the deintercalation unit whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to a corresponding preset voltage threshold as the target deintercalation unit; and controlling a target centripetal stirrer in the target deintercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated within the containment cavity of the target deintercalation unit. This solves the problem that when supplying power to multiple deintercalation units in series using a constant current followed by a constant voltage method, if the voltage on one deintercalation unit is about to exceed its safe operating voltage, the constant current power supply will switch to constant voltage power supply, causing other deintercalation units to stop working during the constant current power supply process, thus reducing the deintercalation efficiency of the electrochemical deintercalation tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This article relates to the field of electrochemical technology, specifically to an electrochemical deintercalation control method, system, control unit, device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles and electronic products, lithium and its compounds have been widely used, leading to a surge in global demand for lithium resources. The development and utilization of lithium resources have also received increasing attention. Salt lake brines contain a large amount of lithium resources. Therefore, selective lithium extraction from salt lake brines has become the main way to obtain lithium, and how to efficiently extract lithium from salt lake brines has become a research hotspot.

[0003] Common methods for lithium extraction from salt lakes include precipitation, carbonization, calcination, solution extraction, and electrochemical extraction. Among these methods, electrochemical lithium extraction involves placing salt lake brine in an electrochemical deintercalation tank with multiple deintercalation units. The deintercalation units cause chemical reactions in the salt lake brine, thereby extracting lithium from the brine. Electrochemical lithium extraction has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency, energy saving, safety, and environmental friendliness.

[0004] In existing technologies, one method for controlling electrochemical deintercalation cells involves connecting multiple deintercalation units in parallel and supplying power to these units via a power source to ensure consistent supply voltage across all units. While this method solves the problem of reliable power supply, it suffers from low lithium extraction efficiency and high manufacturing costs for the electrochemical deintercalation cells. Another approach involves connecting multiple deintercalation units in series and supplying power to these units using a single power supply device in a constant current-then-constant voltage mode. However, the series power supply method requires each deintercalation unit to be strictly consistent to ensure that each deintercalation unit reaches a safe operating voltage at the same time, so as to maximize the lithium extraction efficiency. However, in the actual manufacturing process, it is difficult to ensure that each deintercalation unit is completely consistent. Therefore, when a single power supply device is used to power multiple deintercalation units in series in constant current mode, as the lithium extraction time increases, while other deintercalation units are working normally, the voltage on one deintercalation unit will exceed its safe operating voltage, and the deintercalation unit will be in an abnormal working state. In order to avoid damage to the deintercalation unit, the power supply mode of the entire electrochemical deintercalation cell will be adjusted to a single power supply device constant voltage power supply, which will cause the other deintercalation units in series with it to be unable to continue to exert the maximum lithium extraction efficiency in the constant current power supply process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this paper is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an electrochemical deintercalation control method, system, control unit, device, and storage medium. This addresses the problem in the prior art where a single power supply device powers multiple deintercalation units in series in constant current mode. When the deintercalation units are not completely synchronized, the voltage on one deintercalation unit will exceed its safe operating voltage. Consequently, the power supply mode of the entire electrochemical deintercalation cell will be adjusted to constant voltage power supply from the single power supply device, causing the other deintercalation units connected in series to be unable to continue to achieve maximum lithium extraction efficiency during constant current power supply.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, some embodiments employ the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, some embodiments provide an electrochemical deintercalation control method, the method being applied to a control unit in an electrochemical deintercalation tank system, the method comprising:

[0008] The control power supply module supplies power to multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation system in constant current mode;

[0009] The operating voltages of the plurality of de-insertion units are acquired by the voltage acquisition unit;

[0010] Based on the operating voltage of the plurality of de-insertion units and the corresponding preset voltage threshold, the de-insertion unit whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold is determined as the target de-insertion unit; wherein, the preset voltage threshold corresponding to each de-insertion unit is less than the preset safe operating voltage of each de-insertion unit, and the preset safe operating voltage is the safe operating voltage of each de-insertion unit;

[0011] The centripetal stirrer in the target de-intercalation unit is controlled to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, so as to reduce the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0013] If the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is detected to be less than the corresponding preset voltage threshold, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit.

[0014] In some embodiments, controlling the target centripetal stirrer disposed in the target deintercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated within the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit includes:

[0015] If the number of times the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold within a preset historical time period is less than or equal to a preset number threshold, then the target centripetal stirrer set in the target de-intercalation unit is controlled to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit.

[0016] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0017] If the number of times the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold within the preset historical time period is greater than the preset number threshold, then the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode.

[0018] Alternatively, if the working time of the target centripetal stirrer in the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to the preset time, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode.

[0019] Alternatively, if the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to the preset safe operating voltage, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target deintercalation unit in a constant voltage mode.

[0020] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0021] The alarm module corresponding to the target deintercalation unit in the electrochemical deintercalation system is controlled to trigger an alarm.

[0022] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0023] The alarm module corresponding to the target deintercalation unit in the electrochemical deintercalation system is controlled to stop alarming.

[0024] Secondly, some embodiments provide an electrochemical deintercalation tank system, including: an electrochemical deintercalation tank, a power supply module, a voltage acquisition unit, a centripetal stirrer, and a control unit; the electrochemical deintercalation tank includes: a plurality of deintercalation units, wherein each deintercalation unit has a accommodating cavity for containing the liquid to be deintercalated; the power supply module is connected to the terminals of the plurality of deintercalation units;

[0025] The input terminal of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the wiring terminals of the plurality of de-embedding units; at least one of the plurality of centripetal stirrers is respectively arranged in the accommodating cavity of the plurality of de-embedding units; the output terminal of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the control unit, and the control unit is also connected to the power supply module and each of the centripetal stirrers;

[0026] The control unit is used to execute the electrochemical deintercalation control method provided in the above embodiments.

[0027] In some embodiments, each of the de-intercalation units includes: an electrode plate pair; or,

[0028] Each of the said de-intercalation units includes: an electrode plate group consisting of multiple pairs of electrode plates connected in parallel; or,

[0029] Each of the said de-insertion units includes: a de-insertion slot having multiple electrode plate groups, each electrode plate group consisting of multiple pairs of electrode plates connected in parallel.

[0030] In some embodiments, the electrochemical insertion / extraction system further includes a plurality of alarm modules connected to the control unit.

[0031] In some embodiments, the voltage acquisition unit includes: a plurality of voltage acquisition devices, the input terminals of the plurality of voltage acquisition devices being respectively connected to the wiring terminals of the plurality of de-embedding units, and the output terminals of the plurality of voltage acquisition devices being respectively connected to the control unit.

[0032] Thirdly, some embodiments provide a control unit applied to the above-described electrochemical deintercalation / deintercalation system, the control unit comprising:

[0033] The power supply control module is used to control the power supply module to supply power to the multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation system in constant current mode or constant voltage mode.

[0034] The acquisition module is used to acquire the operating voltage of the plurality of de-embedding units acquired by the voltage acquisition unit;

[0035] The determining module is used to determine, based on the operating voltage of the plurality of de-insertion units and the corresponding preset voltage threshold, a de-insertion unit whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold as a target de-insertion unit; wherein, the preset voltage threshold corresponding to each de-insertion unit is less than the preset safe operating voltage of each de-insertion unit;

[0036] The stirring control module is used to control the centripetal stirrer in the target de-intercalation unit to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, so as to reduce the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit.

[0037] Fourthly, some embodiments provide a processing device including: a processor, a storage medium, and a bus, the storage medium storing machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, wherein when the processing device is running, the processor communicates with the storage medium via the bus, and the processor executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the steps of the method as described in the first aspect above.

[0038] Fifthly, some embodiments provide a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method described in the first aspect above.

[0039] The above-mentioned one or more technical solutions have at least the following beneficial effects: An electrochemical deintercalation control method and an electrochemical deintercalation tank system are provided. The electrochemical deintercalation control method is applied to a control unit in the electrochemical deintercalation tank system. The method includes: controlling a power supply module to supply power to multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation tank system in a constant current mode; acquiring the operating voltage of the multiple deintercalation units collected by a voltage acquisition unit; determining, based on the operating voltage of the multiple deintercalation units and the corresponding preset voltage threshold, a deintercalation unit whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold as a target deintercalation unit; wherein, the preset voltage threshold corresponding to each deintercalation unit is less than the preset safe operating voltage of each deintercalation unit; and controlling a target centripetal stirrer set in the target deintercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit to reduce the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit. Using the electrochemical deintercalation control method provided in this paper, when multiple deintercalation units connected in series are powered by a single power supply device at a constant current, when the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is about to exceed its preset safe operating voltage, the control unit can control the target centripetal stirrer corresponding to the target deintercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the corresponding accommodative cavity of the target deintercalation unit. This reduces the polarization resistance of the target deintercalation unit, and the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit will decrease accordingly, ensuring that the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit does not exceed its preset safe operating voltage, allowing it to continue to exert maximum efficiency. This increases the time for the target deintercalation unit to exert maximum efficiency and avoids the problem of switching the single power supply device to constant voltage power supply to protect the target deintercalation unit, which would prevent other deintercalation units connected in series from continuing to exert maximum lithium extraction efficiency in constant current mode. This improves the lithium extraction efficiency of the entire electrochemical deintercalation cell. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments in this paper, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this paper and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the electrochemical deintercalation system provided in some embodiments;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the electrochemical insertion / extraction trench provided for some embodiments;

[0043] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of yet another electrochemical deintercalation / intercalation system provided for some embodiments;

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic flowchart of an electrochemical insertion / extraction control method provided for some embodiments;

[0045] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the performance generated when the de-embedding unit is in operation, provided for some embodiments;

[0046] Figure 6 Schematic diagrams of the control unit provided for some embodiments;

[0047] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a processing device provided for some embodiments.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Electrochemical insertion / extraction tank; 2. Power supply module; 3. Voltage acquisition unit; 4. Centripetal stirrer; 5. Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments in this article clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments in this article will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments in this article, and not all of them.

[0050] The components of the embodiments described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed document, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments herein without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this document.

[0051] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0052] This paper focuses on the deintercalation control method of electrochemical deintercalation cells. There are two existing electrochemical deintercalation control methods. One method is to connect multiple deintercalation units in parallel and use multiple power supply devices to provide constant voltage power to each of the deintercalation units. Although this method can solve the problem of reliable power supply, it has the problems of low lithium extraction efficiency and high manufacturing cost of electrochemical deintercalation cells. Therefore, another control method is proposed: using a single power supply device to power multiple series-connected deintercalation units in a constant current and then constant voltage mode to solve the problems of low lithium extraction efficiency and high manufacturing cost of electrochemical deintercalation cells caused by constant voltage power supply.

[0053] Reference Figure 5 During the process from 0 to t1, the power supply device provides a constant current to the deintercalation unit. As time progresses, at time t1, the operating voltage of the deintercalation unit rises to a preset voltage threshold, at which point it switches to a constant voltage output mode, maintaining the deintercalation and lithium extraction reaction until the current value is zero. That is, at t1, the power supply mode of the power supply device switches from constant current to constant voltage, and from t1 to t2, it is a constant voltage power supply. During this stage, the polarization resistance gradually increases, the current decreases, and the migration rate of lithium ions slows down, the deintercalation rate gradually decreases, until the current is zero at time t2, at which time the electrochemical deintercalation using the deintercalation unit stops.

[0054] However, when a single power supply device powers multiple deintercalation units in a constant current mode, the voltage across these units cannot be perfectly synchronized. The voltage on one deintercalation unit may exceed its safe operating voltage. Consequently, to prevent damage to this unit due to excessive voltage, the power supply mode of the entire electrochemical deintercalation cell is switched to constant voltage from the single power supply device. This causes other deintercalation units connected in series with this unit to cease operating normally in a constant current state, resulting in low lithium extraction efficiency for the entire electrochemical deintercalation cell. Based on this, this paper provides an electrochemical deintercalation control method and an electrochemical deintercalation cell system.

[0055] Furthermore, the flowcharts used herein illustrate operations implemented according to some embodiments herein. It should be understood that, without conflict, features in the embodiments herein can be combined with each other, operations in the flowcharts may be implemented out of order, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed in order or performed simultaneously. Moreover, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this document, may add one or more additional operations to the flowcharts, or remove one or more operations from the flowcharts.

[0056] The following examples, along with several accompanying figures, provide specific illustrations of the electrochemical insertion / extraction control method and electrochemical insertion / extraction tank system provided in this paper.

[0057] First, combined Figures 1-3 The electrochemical insertion / extraction system provided in this paper is described.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrochemical deintercalation / intercalation system provided in some embodiments. Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the electrochemical insertion / extraction trenches provided in some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, some embodiments provide an electrochemical deintercalation system, including: an electrochemical deintercalation tank 1, a power supply module 2, a voltage acquisition unit 3, a centripetal stirrer 4, and a control unit 5.

[0059] The electrochemical deintercalation cell includes multiple deintercalation units, each with a cavity containing the liquid to be deintercalated. The deintercalation units are used to chemically react with the liquid to extract lithium, and the cavities contain the liquid. A power supply module connects to the terminals of the multiple deintercalation units to supply power to the series-connected units. A voltage acquisition unit connects to the terminals of the multiple deintercalation units to acquire their operating voltages. Each cavity of the multiple deintercalation units is equipped with at least one centripetal stirrer to stir the liquid within. The output of the voltage acquisition unit connects to a control unit to send the acquired operating voltage information of the multiple deintercalation units to the control unit. The control unit is also connected to the power supply module and the multiple centripetal stirrers. The control unit executes the electrochemical deintercalation control method described below to control the voltage acquisition unit, the multiple centripetal stirrers, and the power supply module.

[0060] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the liquid to be deintercalated can be, for example, lithium-containing brine from a salt lake. Each deintercalation unit in the electrochemical deintercalation tank can be used independently to extract lithium from the liquid to be deintercalated. The electrochemical deintercalation tank is equipped with multiple deintercalation units to improve the deintercalation efficiency. In this embodiment, a constant current followed by a constant voltage power supply method is adopted. First, a constant current power supply is provided to multiple deintercalation units to continuously increase the voltage value of multiple deintercalation units. When the voltage value is about to reach the safe operating voltage, the power supply is switched to constant voltage to maintain the operating voltage of the deintercalation units at a high value, so as to give full play to the deintercalation efficiency of the salt lake brine. The voltage acquisition unit can be a voltage acquisition device containing multiple voltage acquisition points. Each voltage acquisition point can be connected to the terminals of the deintercalation units connected in series to acquire the operating voltage of multiple deintercalation units. The number of centripetal stirrers in the accommodating cavity of each deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to 1, that is, there is at least one centripetal stirrer in the accommodating cavity of each deintercalation unit.

[0061] In some embodiments, each deintercalation unit may include only a pair of electrode plates; or, each deintercalation unit may include an electrode plate group consisting of multiple pairs of electrode plates connected in parallel; or, each deintercalation unit may include a deintercalation groove having multiple electrode plate groups, each electrode plate group consisting of multiple pairs of electrode plates connected in parallel. Each electrode plate pair can be used individually to extract lithium from the liquid to be deintercalated.

[0062] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another electrochemical deintercalation / intercalation system provided in some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, in a possible implementation example, the electrochemical deintercalation / deintercalation tank system also includes multiple alarm modules connected to the control unit. These alarm modules are used to trigger an alarm when the operating voltage of the deintercalation / deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold, thus alerting the operator. Each alarm module corresponds to a deintercalation / deintercalation unit. When the control unit detects that the operating voltage of a deintercalation / deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to its corresponding preset voltage threshold, it sends an alarm control signal to the alarm module corresponding to that unit. Based on the alarm control signal, the alarm module then triggers an alarm.

[0063] It should be noted that the alarm module can be a sound and / or light alarm device, or other types of alarm devices, as long as the alarm information issued by the alarm module can be received by the staff in a timely manner.

[0064] In some embodiments, in addition to the voltage acquisition unit provided in the above embodiments being a voltage acquisition device containing multiple voltage acquisition points, the voltage acquisition unit may also include multiple voltage acquisition devices, the input terminals of the multiple voltage acquisition devices being connected to the wiring terminals of multiple de-embedding units respectively, and the output terminals of the multiple voltage acquisition devices being connected to the control unit respectively.

[0065] In summary, using the electrochemical deintercalation / intercalation system provided in this embodiment, the control unit can receive information on the operating voltages of multiple deintercalation / intercalation units sent by the voltage acquisition unit. Based on this information, it determines whether the current operating voltage of each deintercalation / intercalation unit is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold. When the operating voltage of a certain deintercalation / intercalation unit is greater than or equal to its corresponding preset voltage threshold, the deintercalation / intercalation unit is designated as the target deintercalation / intercalation unit. The control unit then controls the target centripetal stirrer in the target deintercalation / intercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation / intercalation unit. This reduces the polarization resistance of the target deintercalation / intercalation unit, thereby reducing its operating voltage. This ensures that the operating voltage of the target deintercalation / intercalation unit does not exceed its preset safe operating voltage, allowing it to continue to achieve maximum efficiency. This increases the time for the target deintercalation / intercalation unit to achieve maximum efficiency and avoids the problem of switching a single power supply to constant voltage power supply to protect the target deintercalation / intercalation unit, which would prevent other deintercalation / intercalation units connected in series from achieving maximum lithium extraction efficiency in constant current mode. This improves the overall lithium extraction efficiency of the electrochemical deintercalation / intercalation system.

[0066] The preset voltage threshold of the de-insertion unit is less than the preset safe operating voltage, which ensures that even if the current operating voltage of the de-insertion unit is greater than the preset voltage threshold, it will not exceed its preset safe operating voltage, thus avoiding damage to the de-insertion unit. The preset voltage threshold is a value obtained in advance. In actual operation, the preset voltage threshold can be obtained in advance based on the various operating parameters of the de-insertion unit.

[0067] The following combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 The electrochemical insertion / extraction control method provided in this paper is explained.

[0068] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an electrochemical deintercalation control method provided in some embodiments. This method is applied to a control unit in the aforementioned electrochemical deintercalation tank system, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the method includes:

[0069] S401, the control power supply module supplies power to multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation system in constant current mode.

[0070] Figure 5 A performance diagram illustrating the operation of the de-embedding unit provided in some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, this paper adopts a constant current followed by constant voltage power supply method. The constant current power supply first causes the voltage value of multiple de-insertion units to increase continuously. When the voltage value is about to reach the safe operating voltage, it is switched to constant voltage power supply, so that the de-insertion units can give full play to their performance.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, 0-t1 represents constant current power supply, and t1-t2 represents constant voltage power supply. During constant voltage power supply, the current continuously decreases to 0. The current in the 0-t1 stage is larger than that in the t1-t2 stage, resulting in a faster lithium-ion migration rate and a faster insertion / extraction speed. During the t1-t2 stage, with constant voltage power supply, the polarization resistance gradually increases, causing the current to decrease, thus slowing down the lithium-ion migration rate and reducing the insertion / extraction speed. This embodiment aims to improve insertion / extraction efficiency by increasing the duration of constant current power supply, i.e., increasing the time the insertion / extraction unit is in the 0-t1 stage, thereby reducing the unit time required for insertion / extraction.

[0072] Therefore, when the electrochemical deintercalation tank starts working, the control unit needs to control the power supply module to supply power to multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation tank system in constant current mode. The magnitude of the constant current is determined by actual needs and is not limited here.

[0073] S402. Obtain the operating voltages of multiple de-embedding units acquired by the voltage acquisition unit.

[0074] While the power supply module supplies power to multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation system in constant current mode, the operating voltage of the multiple deintercalation units also continuously increases. As described in the above embodiments, the input terminal of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the wiring terminals of multiple deintercalation units, and can acquire the operating voltage of multiple deintercalation units. The output terminal of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the control unit, and can send the acquired operating voltage to the control unit. Therefore, while the power supply module supplies power to multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation system in constant current mode, the control unit can obtain the operating voltage of multiple deintercalation units acquired by the voltage acquisition unit in real time.

[0075] S403. Based on the operating voltage of multiple de-insertion units and the corresponding preset voltage threshold, determine the de-insertion unit whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold as the target de-insertion unit from among the multiple de-insertion units.

[0076] After the control unit obtains the working voltage of multiple de-insertion units in real time according to step S402, the control unit can detect the current working voltage of each de-insertion unit according to the working voltage of the multiple de-insertion units and the preset voltage threshold corresponding to each of the multiple de-insertion units. When the working voltage of a certain de-insertion unit is greater than or equal to its corresponding preset voltage threshold, the de-insertion unit is taken as the target de-insertion unit. The preset voltage threshold corresponding to each de-insertion unit is less than the preset safe working voltage of each de-insertion unit.

[0077] This can be understood as follows: within the containment cavity of the target deintercalation unit, the lithium concentration in the solution varies at different points. When the concentration difference is too large, the resistance of the deintercalation unit becomes too high. Under constant current conditions, the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit will soon exceed its safe operating voltage, posing a risk of damage. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the target deintercalation unit from among multiple deintercalation units whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold, and to take measures to reduce its operating voltage. The preset voltage threshold of the target deintercalation unit is less than its preset safe operating voltage.

[0078] For example, when the deintercalation unit is an electrode pair, lithium extraction is performed using the electrode pair. Lithium ions will deposit on the positive electrode of the electrode pair, while the lithium ion concentration around the negative electrode is lower than that around the positive electrode, creating a concentration difference. This increases the polarization resistance of the electrode pair. Since the current is constant, the increased resistance will lead to an increase in the operating voltage of the electrode pair. When multiple electrode pairs are connected in series for power supply, while other electrode pairs are working normally, the operating voltage of one electrode pair may exceed its preset safe operating voltage because the multiple electrode pairs are not completely synchronized. In this case, voltage reduction measures can be taken for that electrode pair to extend the time when the electrode pair can perform at its maximum efficiency.

[0079] S404. The centripetal stirrer in the target de-intercalation unit is controlled to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, so as to reduce the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit.

[0080] After the target deintercalation unit is determined according to step S403, since the working voltage of the target deintercalation unit is positively correlated with the concentration of the liquid to be deintercalated, at least one centripetal stirrer can be set in the accommodating cavity of each deintercalation unit, and the centripetal stirrer is connected to the control unit. When the working voltage of the target deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold, the control unit can control the target centripetal stirrer set in the target deintercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit, thereby reducing the concentration difference of the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity, reducing the polarization resistance value, and thus reducing the working voltage of the target deintercalation unit.

[0081] Optionally, the target centripetal stirrer can stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the containment cavity of the target deintercalation unit at a fixed rotational speed, or it can stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the containment cavity of the target deintercalation unit at a stepped rotational speed. Stepped rotational speed refers to stirring at a faster speed first, followed by a slower speed, or stirring at a slower speed first, followed by a faster speed.

[0082] In summary, this embodiment provides an electrochemical deintercalation control method. This method is applied to a control unit in an electrochemical deintercalation tank system. The method includes controlling a power supply module to supply power to multiple deintercalation units in a constant current mode; acquiring the operating voltages of the multiple deintercalation units collected by a voltage acquisition unit; determining the deintercalation unit whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold as the target deintercalation unit based on the operating voltages of the multiple deintercalation units and the corresponding preset voltage thresholds; and controlling a target centripetal stirrer set in the target deintercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit. Using the electrochemical deintercalation control method provided in this embodiment, when multiple deintercalation units are powered by constant current, if the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is about to exceed its preset safe operating voltage, the control unit can control the target centripetal stirrer corresponding to the target deintercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the corresponding accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit. This reduces the polarization resistance of the target deintercalation unit, and the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit will decrease accordingly. This ensures that the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit will not exceed its preset safe operating voltage, allowing it to continue to perform at its maximum efficiency. This increases the time for the target deintercalation unit to perform at its maximum efficiency and avoids the problem of switching the single power supply to constant voltage power supply to protect the target deintercalation unit, which would prevent other deintercalation units connected in series from continuing to perform at their maximum lithium extraction efficiency in constant current mode. This improves the lithium extraction efficiency of the entire electrochemical deintercalation cell.

[0083] Some embodiments of this paper also provide another electrochemical deintercalation control method. In a possible implementation example, while the control unit controls the target centripetal stirrer set in the target deintercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit, the voltage acquisition unit collects the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit in real time and sends the collected information to the control unit. The control unit detects the received information. When the control unit detects that the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is less than the corresponding preset voltage threshold, it controls the target centripetal stirrer to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit.

[0084] In some embodiments, in step S404, controlling the target centripetal stirrer provided in the target de-intercalation unit to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit may further include one or more of methods 1-3, as follows:

[0085] 1. The system queries the number of times the target de-intercalation unit's operating voltage is greater than or equal to a corresponding preset voltage threshold within a preset historical time period. If the number of times the target de-intercalation unit's operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold within the preset historical time period is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the system controls the target centripetal stirrer in the target de-intercalation unit to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the target de-intercalation unit's accommodating cavity. If the number of times the target de-intercalation unit's operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold within the preset historical time period is greater than the preset threshold, the system controls the target centripetal stirrer to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the target de-intercalation unit's accommodating cavity, and controls the power supply module to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode. The preset threshold is a preset value, and the preset historical time period is a preset period of time prior to the current time. The values ​​of the preset threshold and the preset historical time period can be set according to actual needs, for example, it could be the past hour. No limitations are imposed on the preset threshold and the preset historical time period here.

[0086] Using this method, if the number of times the working voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold within a preset historical time period is greater than the preset number threshold, the centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode. This can avoid the risk that the working voltage of the target de-intercalation unit cannot be reduced even after multiple stirrings, thus avoiding the risk that the working voltage of the target de-intercalation unit exceeds its preset safe voltage.

[0087] Taking a preset threshold of 1 time as an example: When the working voltage of the target deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to its corresponding preset voltage threshold for the first time, the control unit controls the corresponding target centripetal stirrer to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit so as to reduce the working voltage of the target deintercalation unit to below the preset voltage threshold. Then, as time goes by, the working voltage of the target deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to its corresponding preset voltage threshold for the second time. At this time, it can be considered that the concentration difference of the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit has reached the minimum value. Continuing to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit can no longer reduce the working voltage of the target deintercalation unit. Therefore, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target deintercalation unit in constant voltage mode.

[0088] 2. When the target centripetal stirrer begins to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit, the working time of the target centripetal stirrer is recorded. If the working time of the target centripetal stirrer is less than the preset time, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to continue stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit; if the working time of the target centripetal stirrer is greater than or equal to the preset time, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target deintercalation unit in constant voltage mode. The preset time is a preset value, and no limit is imposed on the value of the preset time.

[0089] Using this method, when the working time of the target centripetal stirrer is greater than or equal to the preset time, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode. This can prevent the working voltage of the target de-intercalation unit from failing to be reduced even after a single long-term stirring, and avoid the risk that the working voltage of the target de-intercalation unit exceeds its preset safe voltage.

[0090] Taking a preset duration of 20 minutes as an example: When the target centripetal stirrer starts stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, the working time of the target centripetal stirrer is counted. If the working time of the target centripetal stirrer is greater than or equal to 20 minutes, the control unit controls the target centripetal stirrer to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, and controls the power supply module to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode.

[0091] 3. When the target centripetal stirrer begins to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit, the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is collected in real time. If the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is less than the preset safe operating voltage, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to continue stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit; if the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to the preset safe operating voltage, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target deintercalation unit in constant voltage mode. The preset safe operating voltage is the safe operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit.

[0092] Using this method, when the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to the preset safe operating voltage, the centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the containment cavity of the target deintercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target deintercalation unit in a constant voltage mode. This can prevent the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit from exceeding its preset safe operating voltage due to unexpected events, thus avoiding the risk of the target deintercalation unit's operating voltage exceeding its preset safe operating voltage. Unexpected events are defined as events that can cause stirring but cannot reduce the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit.

[0093] Taking a preset safe operating voltage of 3V as an example: The preset voltage threshold can be set to 2.8V, which is slightly less than the preset safe operating voltage. When the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is greater than 2.8V, the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit is stirred, and the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is collected in real time. If the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to 3V, the control unit controls the target centripetal stirrer to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the cavity of the target deintercalation unit, and controls the power supply module to supply power to the target deintercalation unit in constant voltage mode.

[0094] In some embodiments, when the control unit determines from a plurality of deintercalation units that the deintercalation unit with an operating voltage greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold is the target deintercalation unit, the control unit can also control the alarm module corresponding to the target deintercalation unit in the electrochemical deintercalation cell system to sound an alarm, thereby reminding the staff that the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit may exceed the preset safe voltage, so that the staff can handle the situation in time when an accident occurs; when the control unit detects that the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is less than the corresponding preset voltage threshold, the control unit can control the alarm module corresponding to the target deintercalation unit in the electrochemical deintercalation cell system to stop sounding the alarm.

[0095] Optionally, based on the above embodiments, some embodiments may also provide a control unit applied to the above-described electrochemical insertion / extraction system. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the control unit provided in some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, in a possible implementation instance, the control unit includes:

[0096] The power supply control module 601 is used to control the power supply module to supply power to multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation system in constant current mode or constant voltage mode.

[0097] The acquisition module 602 is used to acquire the operating voltages of multiple de-embedded units acquired by the voltage acquisition unit.

[0098] The determining module 603 is used to determine, based on the operating voltage of multiple de-insertion units and the corresponding preset voltage threshold, a de-insertion unit whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold as a target de-insertion unit; wherein, the preset voltage threshold corresponding to each de-insertion unit is less than the preset safe operating voltage of each de-insertion unit.

[0099] The stirring control module 604 is used to control the centripetal stirrer set in the target de-intercalation unit to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, so as to reduce the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit.

[0100] In a possible implementation example, the stirring control module 604 is further configured to: if the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is detected to be less than a corresponding preset voltage threshold, control the target centripetal stirrer to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit; if the number of times the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold within a preset historical time period is less than or equal to a preset number threshold, control the target centripetal stirrer in the target de-intercalation unit to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit; if the number of times the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold within the preset historical time period is greater than the preset number threshold, control... The target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode. If the working time of the target centripetal stirrer in the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to a preset time, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode. If the working voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to a preset safe working voltage, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode.

[0101] In a possible implementation example, the control unit may further include an alarm control module, used to control the alarm module corresponding to the target deintercalation unit in the electrochemical deintercalation system to sound an alarm; and to control the alarm module corresponding to the target deintercalation unit in the electrochemical deintercalation system to stop sounding an alarm.

[0102] The above-described apparatus is used to execute the method provided in the foregoing embodiments. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar to those of the method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0103] These modules can be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Alternatively, when a module is implemented using processing element scheduler code, the processing element can be a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other processor capable of calling program code. Furthermore, these modules can be integrated together as a system-on-a-chip (SOC).

[0104] Optional, Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a processing device is provided for some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the processing device includes a processor 701, a storage medium 702, and a bus 703. The storage medium stores program instructions executable by the processor. When the processing device is running, the processor communicates with the storage medium via the bus, and the processor executes the program instructions to perform the steps of the electrochemical insertion / extraction control method provided in the above embodiments.

[0105] Optionally, this document also provides a program product, such as a storage medium storing a computer program, including a program that, when run by a processor, executes the embodiments corresponding to the above-described methods.

[0106] In the embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0107] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0108] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this document can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in a combination of hardware and software functional units.

[0109] The integrated units implemented as software functional units described above can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. These software functional units, stored in a storage medium, include several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute some steps of the methods described in the various embodiments herein. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. An electrochemical deintercalation control method, characterized in that, A control unit applied in an electrochemical deintercalation system, the method comprising: The control power supply module supplies power to multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation system in constant current mode; The operating voltages of the plurality of de-insertion units are acquired by the voltage acquisition unit; Based on the operating voltage of the plurality of de-insertion units and the corresponding preset voltage threshold, the de-insertion unit whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold is determined as the target de-insertion unit; wherein, the preset voltage threshold corresponding to each de-insertion unit is less than the preset safe operating voltage of each de-insertion unit, and the preset safe operating voltage is the safe operating voltage of each de-insertion unit; The centripetal stirrer in the target deintercalation unit is controlled to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit, so as to reduce the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit and maintain the constant current power supply mode of other deintercalation units. The method further includes: If the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is detected to be less than the corresponding preset voltage threshold, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit. The control of the centripetal stirrer in the target de-intercalation unit to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated within the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit includes: If the number of times the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold within a preset historical time period is less than or equal to a preset number threshold, then the target centripetal stirrer set in the target de-intercalation unit is controlled to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the number of times the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to a corresponding preset voltage threshold within the preset historical time period exceeds the preset number threshold, then the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target de-intercalation unit in constant voltage mode; or, If the operating time of the target centripetal stirrer in the target deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to a preset time, then the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target deintercalation unit in constant voltage mode; or, If the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit is greater than or equal to the preset safe operating voltage, the target centripetal stirrer is controlled to stop stirring the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit, and the power supply module is controlled to supply power to the target deintercalation unit in constant voltage mode.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The alarm module corresponding to the target deintercalation unit in the electrochemical deintercalation system is controlled to trigger an alarm.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The alarm module corresponding to the target deintercalation unit in the electrochemical deintercalation system is controlled to stop alarming.

5. An electrochemical de-intercalation / de-intercalation system, characterized in that, include: Electrochemical deintercalation / deintercalation tank, power supply module, voltage acquisition unit, centripetal stirrer, control unit; The electrochemical deintercalation tank includes: multiple deintercalation units, wherein each deintercalation unit has a accommodating cavity for containing the liquid to be deintercalated; the power supply module is connected to the terminals of the multiple deintercalation units; The input terminal of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the wiring terminals of the plurality of de-embedding units; at least one centripetal stirrer is respectively provided in the accommodating cavity of the plurality of de-embedding units; the output terminal of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the control unit, and the control unit is also connected to the power supply module and each centripetal stirrer; The control unit is used to execute the electrochemical deintercalation control method according to any one of claims 1-4.

6. The system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the said de-intercalation units includes: an electrode plate pair.

7. The system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the said de-insertion units includes an electrode plate group consisting of multiple pairs of electrode plates connected in parallel.

8. The system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the said de-insertion units includes: a de-insertion slot having multiple electrode plate groups, each electrode plate group consisting of multiple pairs of electrode plates connected in parallel.

9. The system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The electrochemical insertion / extraction system further includes multiple alarm modules connected to the control unit.

10. The system according to any one of claims 5-9, characterized in that, The voltage acquisition unit includes: multiple voltage acquisition devices, the input terminals of the multiple voltage acquisition devices are respectively connected to the wiring terminals of the multiple de-embedding units, and the output terminals of the multiple voltage acquisition devices are respectively connected to the control unit.

11. A control unit, applied to the electrochemical deintercalation / deintercalation system as described in any one of claims 5-10, the control unit comprising: The power supply control module is used to control the power supply module to supply power to the multiple deintercalation units of the electrochemical deintercalation system in constant current mode or constant voltage mode. The acquisition module is used to acquire the operating voltage of the plurality of de-embedding units acquired by the voltage acquisition unit; The determining module is configured to determine, based on the operating voltage of the plurality of de-insertion units and the corresponding preset voltage threshold, a de-insertion unit whose operating voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold as a target de-insertion unit; wherein, the preset voltage threshold corresponding to each de-insertion unit is less than the preset safe operating voltage of each de-insertion unit, and the preset safe operating voltage is the safe operating voltage of each de-insertion unit; The stirring control module is used to control the centripetal stirrer set in the target deintercalation unit to stir the liquid to be deintercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target deintercalation unit, so as to reduce the operating voltage of the target deintercalation unit and maintain the constant current power supply mode of other deintercalation units. The stirring control module is further configured to, if the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is detected to be less than the corresponding preset voltage threshold, control the target centripetal stirrer to stop stirring the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit; if the number of times the operating voltage of the target de-intercalation unit is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset voltage threshold within a preset historical time period is less than or equal to a preset number threshold, control the target centripetal stirrer set in the target de-intercalation unit to stir the liquid to be de-intercalated in the accommodating cavity of the target de-intercalation unit.

12. A processing apparatus, comprising: The processor, storage medium, and bus, wherein the storage medium stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, and when the processing device is running, the processor communicates with the storage medium via the bus, and the processor executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the steps of the electrochemical insertion / extraction control method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

13. A storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program being executed by a processor to perform the steps of the electrochemical insertion / extraction control method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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