A thermic battery system

Abstract

A thermal battery system comprises a low-temperature liquid accumulator, a low-temperature phase-change heat accumulator, a compressor, a high-temperature phase-change heat accumulator, a high-temperature heat storage system, a low-temperature heat storage system, an expander, a generator, a throttle valve, a first circulating pump and a thermal battery circulating medium; the low-temperature liquid accumulator is communicated with one end of a heat transfer pipeline of the low-temperature phase-change heat accumulator, the compressor and the expander are connected in parallel between the other end of the heat transfer pipeline of the low-temperature phase-change heat accumulator and the high-temperature heat storage system; the high-temperature phase-change heat accumulator is installed between the low-temperature heat storage system and the high-temperature heat storage system; and the first circulating pump and the throttle valve are connected in parallel between the low-temperature heat storage system and the low-temperature liquid accumulator. The thermal battery of the present application is an ideal "internal combustion engine replacer", which is non-toxic, harmless, green, clean and has high working efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of battery, and particularly relates to a thermal battery system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Battery has become an important part of human survival, and occupies a very important position in daily life, so it is related to various activities. According to the working principle of battery, it can be divided into chemical battery, physical battery and biological battery. The chemical battery is a battery that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It consumes certain chemical substances through chemical reaction and outputs electrical energy. It is the most widely used battery type at present. According to its use properties, it can be divided into three categories: dry battery, storage battery and fuel cell. Since fuel cell has high efficiency, saves fuel and has small pollution, it is one of the more promising batteries. The present application is a new type of battery based on the parallel development of fuel cell, which is a thermal battery. The thermal battery does not produce chemical reaction in the battery itself during use. The battery equipment that can store energy and generate electricity can be classified into the category of physical battery. The thermal battery is an ideal "internal combustion engine substitute". A thermal battery circulating medium and four kinds of energy storage medium complete the closed cycle of energy storage and power generation, and have the characteristics of non-toxic, harmless, green, clean and high working efficiency. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to find a low-cost, high-efficiency and environmentally friendly battery, the present application provides a thermal battery system, which is a new physical battery compared with the existing chemical battery and fuel cell. On the basis of not wasting any elements, the thermal battery realizes the reversible cycle of heat storage and power generation. The thermal battery circulating medium has many choices, low cost and is easy to commercialize. The specific description is as follows:

[0004] A thermal battery system, comprising a low-temperature liquid storage device, a low-temperature phase change heat storage device, a compressor, a high-temperature phase change heat storage device, a high-temperature heat storage system, a low-temperature heat storage system, an expander, a generator, a throttle valve, a first circulating pump and a thermal battery circulating medium.

[0005] The low-temperature phase change heat storage device is provided with a low-temperature phase change material, and a heat transfer pipeline is arranged around the low-temperature phase change material.

[0006] The high-temperature phase change heat storage device is provided with a high-temperature phase change material, and a heat transfer pipeline is arranged around the high-temperature phase change material.

[0007] The high-temperature heat storage system comprises a first counterflow heat exchanger, a first high-temperature heat storage device, a first low-temperature heat storage device, a second circulating pump, a first four-way valve and a high-temperature heat storage medium. The first high-temperature heat storage device is in direct communication with one end of the high-temperature heat storage medium channel in the first counterflow heat exchanger. The other end of the high-temperature heat storage medium channel in the first counterflow heat exchanger is connected with the first low-temperature heat storage device through the first four-way valve and the second circulating pump.

[0008] The low-temperature heat storage system comprises a second counterflow heat exchanger, a second high-temperature heat storage device, a second low-temperature heat storage device, a third circulating pump, a second four-way valve and a low-temperature heat storage medium; the second high-temperature heat storage device is directly communicated with one end of a low-temperature heat storage medium channel in the second counterflow heat exchanger, and the other end of the low-temperature heat storage medium channel in the second counterflow heat exchanger is connected with the second low-temperature heat storage device through the second four-way valve and the third circulating pump;

[0009] The low-temperature heat storage device is communicated with one end of a heat transfer pipeline of the low-temperature phase change heat storage device, the compressor and the expander are connected in parallel between the other end of the heat transfer pipeline of the low-temperature phase change heat storage device and a thermal battery circulating medium channel in the first counterflow heat exchanger; the other end of the thermal battery circulating medium channel in the first counterflow heat exchanger is communicated with one end of a heat transfer pipeline of the high-temperature phase change heat storage device, and the other end of the heat transfer pipeline of the high-temperature phase change heat storage device is communicated with one end of a thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger; the first circulating pump and the throttling valve are connected in parallel between the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat storage device.

[0010] Further, the thermal battery system further comprises a high-temperature high-pressure heat storage device, which is installed between the heat transfer pipeline of the high-temperature phase change heat storage device and the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger.

[0011] Further, the thermal battery system further comprises a heat supplement device, the heat supplement device is provided with a thermal battery circulating medium channel, and the heat supplement device is installed between the expander and the first counterflow heat exchanger; a heating heat source of the thermal battery circulating medium in the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the heat supplement device is from coal-fired, natural gas or solar energy.

[0012] Further, the thermal battery system further comprises a hydraulic power generation device, the hydraulic power generation device replaces the throttling valve and is installed between the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat storage device.

[0013] Further, the thermal battery system further comprises a heat dissipation device, which is installed between the outlet of the expander and the low-temperature phase change heat storage device.

[0014] Further, the heat dissipation device is a heat recovery type plate heat exchanger, and the heat recovered is used for heating, hot water supply or industrial steam supply and the like.

[0015] Further, the thermal battery system further comprises a first one-way valve and a second one-way valve; the first one-way valve is connected between the throttling valve and the low-temperature heat storage device; and the second one-way valve is connected between the first circulating pump and the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger.

[0016] Further, the expander 9 is connected with the generator 11.

[0017] The thermal battery of the present application is a new type of thermal battery which integrates energy storage and power generation, and does not consume any chemical substances, compared with the existing chemical batteries and fuel cells. The thermal battery shares a system for heat storage and power generation, and is a closed reversible cycle, and has the advantages of non-toxicity, harmlessness, greenness, cleanness, high working efficiency and easy commercialization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only represent some of the embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0019] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the thermal battery system of the present application. Figure 1

[0020] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the thermal battery system of the present application with a heat supplement device. Figure 2

[0021] In the figure, 1 is a low-temperature liquid storage device, 2 is a low-temperature phase change heat storage device, 3 is a compressor, 4 is a first counterflow heat exchanger, 5 is a high-temperature phase change heat storage device, 6 is a high-temperature high-pressure liquid storage device, 7 is a first high-temperature heat storage device, 8 is a first low-temperature heat storage device, 9 is an expander, 10 is a heat supplement device, 11 is a generator, 12 is a heat dissipation device, 13 is a second counterflow heat exchanger, 14 is a second high-temperature heat storage device, 15 is a second low-temperature heat storage device, 16 is a throttling valve, 17 is a first one-way valve, 18 is a first circulating pump, 19 is a second one-way valve, 20 is a second circulating pump, 21 is a third circulating pump, and 22 is a first four-way valve, and 23 is a second four-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail.

[0023] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments.

[0024] Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application. In order to make the embodiments more convenient to understand, the following provides various embodiments or implementation methods to describe the related devices, modules and functions of the present application.

[0025] Embodiment one​​

[0026] As shown in the accompanying drawings Figure 1 A thermal battery system comprises a low-temperature liquid accumulator 1, a low-temperature phase-change heat accumulator 2, a compressor 3, a high-temperature phase-change heat accumulator 5, a high-temperature high-pressure liquid accumulator 6, a high-temperature heat storage system, a low-temperature heat storage system, an expander 9, a generator 11, a throttle valve 16, a first circulating pump 18 and a thermal battery circulating medium.

[0027] The low-temperature phase-change heat accumulator 2 is filled with a low-temperature phase-change material, and heat transfer pipes are arranged around the low-temperature phase-change material.

[0028] The high-temperature phase-change heat accumulator 5 is filled with a high-temperature phase-change material, and heat transfer pipes are arranged around the high-temperature phase-change material.

[0029] The high-temperature heat storage system comprises a first counterflow heat exchanger 4, a first high-temperature heat accumulator 7, a first low-temperature heat accumulator 8, a second circulating pump 20, a first four-way valve 22 and a high-temperature heat storage medium; the first high-temperature heat accumulator 7 is directly connected to one end of a high-temperature heat storage medium channel in the first counterflow heat exchanger 4, and the other end of the high-temperature heat storage medium channel in the first counterflow heat exchanger 4 is connected to the first low-temperature heat accumulator 8 through the first four-way valve 22 and the second circulating pump 20; when the high-temperature heat storage system stores heat, under the action of the second circulating pump 20, the high-temperature heat storage medium in the first low-temperature heat accumulator 8 enters the second circulating pump 20 through the first four-way valve 22, and then is sent into the high-temperature heat storage medium channel of the first counterflow heat exchanger 4 again through the first four-way valve 22, the high-temperature heat storage medium absorbs the heat of the thermal battery circulating medium in the other channel of the first counterflow heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage medium rises, and the high-temperature heat storage medium after rising in temperature is finally directly sent to the first high-temperature heat accumulator 7 for storage. When the high-temperature heat storage system releases heat, under the action of the second circulating pump 20, the high-temperature heat storage medium stored in the first high-temperature heat accumulator 7 is sent into the high-temperature heat storage medium channel of the first counterflow heat exchanger 4, the high-temperature heat storage medium exchanges heat with the thermal battery circulating medium in the other channel of the first counterflow heat exchanger 4, the high-temperature heat storage medium releases heat, and the high-temperature heat storage medium after releasing heat is stored in the first low-temperature heat accumulator 8 through the first four-way valve 22 and the second circulating pump 20.

[0030] The low-temperature heat storage system comprises a second counterflow heat exchanger 13, a second high-temperature heat storage device 14, a second low-temperature heat storage device 15, a third circulating pump 21, a second four-way valve 23 and a low-temperature heat storage medium; the second high-temperature heat storage device 14 is directly communicated with one end of a low-temperature heat storage medium channel in the second counterflow heat exchanger 13, and the other end of the low-temperature heat storage medium channel in the second counterflow heat exchanger 13 is connected with the second low-temperature heat storage device 15 through the second four-way valve 23 and the third circulating pump 21. When the low-temperature heat storage system stores heat, under the action of the third circulating pump 21, the low-temperature heat storage medium in the second low-temperature heat storage device 15 enters the third circulating pump 21 through the second four-way valve 23, and then is sent into the low-temperature heat storage medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13 again through the second four-way valve 23, the low-temperature heat storage medium absorbs the heat of the thermal battery circulating medium in the other channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13, the temperature of the low-temperature heat storage medium is increased, and finally the low-temperature heat storage medium after temperature increase is directly sent to the second high-temperature heat storage device 15 for storage. When the low-temperature heat storage system releases heat, under the action of the third circulating pump 21, the low-temperature heat storage medium stored in the second high-temperature heat storage device 15 is sent into the low-temperature heat storage medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13, the low-temperature heat storage medium exchanges heat with the thermal battery circulating medium in the other channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13, the low-temperature heat storage medium releases heat, and the low-temperature heat storage medium after heat release is stored in the second low-temperature heat storage device 14 through the second four-way valve 23 and the third circulating pump 21.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the low-temperature liquid storage device 1 is communicated with one end of a heat transfer pipeline of the low-temperature phase change heat storage device 2, the other end of the heat transfer pipeline of the low-temperature phase change heat storage device 2 is communicated with a medium inlet of the compressor 3 and a medium outlet of the expander 9 respectively, and the medium inlet of the expander 9 and the medium outlet of the compressor 3 are communicated with a thermal battery circulating medium channel in the first counterflow heat exchanger 4; the thermal battery circulating medium channel in the first counterflow heat exchanger 4 is communicated with one end of a heat transfer pipeline of the high-temperature phase change heat storage device 5, and the other end of the heat transfer pipeline of the high-temperature phase change heat storage device 5 is communicated with the high-temperature high-pressure liquid storage device 6; the high-temperature high-pressure liquid storage device 6 is communicated with one end of a thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13; the first circulating pump 18 and the throttling valve 16 are connected in parallel between the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13 and the low-temperature liquid storage device 1.

[0032] The expander 9 is connected with the generator 11.

[0033] The thermal battery system has two working modes, namely a heat storage working mode and a power generation working mode.

[0034] In the heat storage mode, the heat battery circulating medium in the low-temperature storage tank 1 is sent into the heat transfer pipeline of the low-temperature phase change heat storage device 2 under the action of the compressor 3, and the heat battery circulating medium exchanges heat with the low-temperature phase change material in the low-temperature phase change heat storage device 2 isothermally, and the heat battery circulating medium absorbs the heat in the low-temperature phase change material and becomes gaseous, and the gaseous heat battery circulating medium enters the compressor 6 and is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure superheated gaseous heat battery circulating medium, which enters the heat battery circulating medium channel of the first counterflow heat exchanger 4, and the second circulating pump 20 extracts the high-temperature heat storage medium in the first low-temperature heat storage device 8 and sends it into the high-temperature heat storage medium channel of the first counterflow heat exchanger 4, and the high-temperature heat storage medium absorbs the heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated gaseous heat battery circulating medium in the first counterflow heat exchanger 4, and the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage medium is increased, and the high-temperature heat storage medium after being increased in temperature is directly sent to the first high-temperature heat storage device 7 for storage, and the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated gaseous heat battery circulating medium in the heat battery circulating medium channel of the first counterflow heat exchanger 4 releases heat and becomes high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous heat battery circulating medium, which then enters the heat transfer pipeline of the high-temperature phase change heat storage device 5 and exchanges heat with the high-temperature phase change material in the high-temperature phase change heat storage device 5 isothermally, and the high-temperature phase change material absorbs the heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous heat battery circulating medium and changes phase in the form of latent heat and is stored in the high-temperature phase change heat storage device 5, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous heat battery circulating medium releases heat and becomes high-temperature and high-pressure liquid heat battery circulating medium which enters the high-temperature and high-pressure heat storage device 6, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid heat battery circulating medium enters the heat battery circulating medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13, and the third circulating pump 21 extracts the low-temperature heat storage medium in the second low-temperature heat storage device 15 and sends it into the low-temperature heat storage medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13, and the low-temperature heat storage medium absorbs the heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid heat battery circulating medium, and the temperature of the low-temperature heat storage medium is increased, and the low-temperature heat storage medium after being increased in temperature is directly sent to the second high-temperature heat storage device 15 for storage; then the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid heat battery circulating medium releases heat and becomes low-temperature and high-pressure liquid heat battery circulating medium, which becomes low-temperature and low-pressure liquid heat battery circulating medium after passing through the throttle valve 16, and finally the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid heat battery circulating medium enters the low-temperature storage tank 1 through the first one-way valve 17, thus completing the heat storage mode, and the heat is stored in the first high-temperature heat storage device 7, the high-temperature phase change heat storage device 5 and the second high-temperature heat storage device 15 respectively for use in the power generation mode.

[0035] In the power generation mode, the first circulating pump 18 extracts the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid thermal battery circulating medium in the low-temperature reservoir 1, and sends the pressurized thermal battery circulating medium into the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13. At the same time, the third circulating pump 21 extracts the low-temperature heat storage medium stored in the second high-temperature heat reservoir 15 and sends the low-temperature heat storage medium into the low-temperature heat storage medium channel of the second counterflow heat exchanger 13. The low-temperature heat storage medium exchanges heat with the thermal battery circulating medium, the low-temperature heat storage medium releases heat, and the thermal battery circulating medium absorbs heat. The low-temperature heat storage medium after heat release is stored in the second low-temperature heat reservoir 14 through the second four-way valve 23 and the third circulating pump 21. The thermal battery circulating medium after heat absorption for the first time enters the high-temperature and high-pressure reservoir 6, and then enters the high-temperature phase change heat reservoir 5. The thermal battery circulating medium absorbs the heat of the high-temperature phase change material in the high-temperature phase change heat reservoir 5 to complete the second heat absorption and phase change, and becomes high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous thermal battery circulating medium. Then the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous thermal battery circulating medium enters the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the first counterflow heat exchanger 4. At the same time, the second circulating pump 20 extracts the high-temperature heat storage medium stored in the first high-temperature heat reservoir 7 and sends the high-temperature heat storage medium into the high-temperature heat storage medium channel of the first counterflow heat exchanger 4. The high-temperature heat storage medium exchanges heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous thermal battery circulating medium, the high-temperature heat storage medium releases heat, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous thermal battery circulating medium completes the third heat absorption. The high-temperature heat storage medium after heat release is stored in the first low-temperature heat reservoir 8 through the first four-way valve 22 and the second circulating pump 20. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous thermal battery circulating medium after the third heat absorption directly enters the expander 9 to do work. The expander 9 converts heat energy into mechanical energy to drive the generator 11 to generate electricity, and finally realizes the conversion of heat energy into electrical energy output. The thermal battery circulating medium after work enters the low-temperature phase change heat reservoir 2 and exchanges heat with the low-temperature phase change material. The low-temperature phase change material absorbs the heat of the thermal battery circulating medium, changes phase, and is stored in the low-temperature phase change heat reservoir 2 in the form of latent heat. The thermal battery circulating medium after heat release becomes low-temperature liquid thermal battery circulating medium, and finally enters the low-temperature reservoir 1. Thus, the power generation process is completed.

[0036] The phase change material in the low-temperature phase change heat reservoir 2 is a low-temperature solid-liquid phase change material. In the heat storage mode, the low-temperature phase change material releases heat isothermally and changes from liquid to solid. In the power generation mode, the low-temperature phase change material absorbs heat isothermally and changes from solid to liquid.

[0037] The phase change material in the high-temperature phase change heat reservoir 5 is a high-temperature solid-liquid phase change material. In the heat storage mode, the high-temperature phase change material absorbs heat isothermally and changes from solid to liquid. In the power generation mode, the high-temperature phase change material releases heat isothermally and changes from liquid to solid.

[0038] The thermal battery system described above further comprises a first one-way valve 17 and a second one-way valve 19; the first one-way valve 17 is connected between the throttle valve 16 and the low-temperature liquid reservoir 1; the second one-way valve 19 is connected between the first circulating pump 18 and the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counter-flow heat exchanger 13.

[0039] Embodiment two

[0040] Please refer to Figure 2 Compared with embodiment one Figure 1 The thermal battery system described above further comprises a heat supplement device 10 and a heat dissipation device 12; the heat supplement device 10 is installed between the medium inlet of the expander 9 and the thermal battery circulating medium channel in the first counter-flow heat exchanger 4; the heat supplement device 10 is provided with a thermal battery circulating medium channel, and coal, natural gas or solar energy can be selected to heat the thermal battery circulating medium in the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the heat supplement device 10; the heat dissipation device 12 is installed between the medium outlet of the expander 9 and the low-temperature phase-change heat reservoir 2. Compared with the embodiment, in the power generation mode, the thermal battery circulating medium needs to be heated for the fourth time in the heat supplement device 10 before work, and then enters the expander 9 to do work; after the thermal battery circulating medium does work in the expander 9, it needs to enter the heat dissipation device 12 to be cooled once and then enter the low-temperature phase-change heat reservoir 2; that is, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous thermal battery circulating medium heated for the third time from the first counter-flow heat exchanger 4 directly enters the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the heat supplement device 10, and other heat supplement systems such as coal combustion, natural gas combustion or solar energy are used to heat the thermal battery circulating medium in the heat supplement device 10, so that the thermal battery circulating medium is heated for the fourth time and then enters the expander 9 to do work, the expander 9 converts heat energy into mechanical energy to drive the generator 11 to generate electricity, and finally realizes the conversion of heat energy into electrical energy output; the thermal battery circulating medium after work is discharged from the expander 9, enters the heat dissipation device 12 for cooling, and the cooled thermal battery circulating medium enters the low-temperature phase-change heat reservoir 2 to exchange heat with the low-temperature phase-change material, and the installation and operation principle of other components are the same as those in embodiment one.

[0041] The heat dissipation device 12 described above is a heat recovery plate heat exchanger, and the heat recovered is used for heating, hot water supply or industrial steam supply, etc.

[0042] The thermal battery system described above further comprises a hydraulic power generation device, which replaces the throttle valve 16 and is installed between the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counter-flow heat exchanger 13 and the low-temperature liquid reservoir 1; the function of the hydraulic power generation device is to make the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid thermal battery circulating medium from the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the second counter-flow heat exchanger 13 directly enter the hydraulic power generation device to generate electricity, and recover the energy of the original throttle valve 16.

[0043] The thermal battery circulating medium is water, water vapor or freon.

[0044] When the thermal battery circulating medium is water or water vapor, the phase change material in the low-temperature phase change heat accumulator 2 can be selected from phase change materials with phase change temperatures of 100-150°C, such as sulfur, rosin, pitch or polyethylene; the phase change material in the high-temperature phase change heat accumulator 5 can be selected from phase change materials with phase change temperatures of 200-350°C, such as sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite or binary salts of nitrate; the high-temperature heat storage medium in the high-temperature heat storage system and the low-temperature heat storage medium in the low-temperature heat storage system are molten salts.

[0045] When the thermal battery circulating medium is freon, the phase change material in the low-temperature phase change heat accumulator 2 can be selected from low-temperature phase change materials with phase change temperatures of 30-100°C, such as calcium chloride hexahydrate and paraffin; the phase change material in the high-temperature phase change heat accumulator 5 can be selected from phase change materials with phase change temperatures of 100-150°C, such as sulfur, rosin or polyethylene; the high-temperature heat storage medium in the high-temperature heat storage system and the low-temperature heat storage medium in the low-temperature heat storage system are high-pressure water or normal-pressure water.

Claims

1. A thermal battery system, characterized in that, It includes a cryogenic liquid storage tank, a cryogenic phase change heat storage tank, a compressor, a high-temperature phase change heat storage tank, a high-temperature heat storage system, a cryogenic heat storage system, an expander, a generator, a throttle valve, a first circulation pump, and a thermal battery circulation medium. The low-temperature phase change heat storage device is filled with low-temperature phase change material, and heat transfer pipes are arranged around the low-temperature phase change material. The high-temperature phase change heat storage device is filled with high-temperature phase change material, and heat transfer pipes are arranged around the high-temperature phase change material. The high-temperature thermal storage system includes a first counter-current heat exchanger, a first high-temperature thermal storage unit, a first low-temperature thermal storage unit, a second circulating pump, a first four-way valve, and a high-temperature thermal storage medium; the first high-temperature thermal storage unit is directly connected to one end of the high-temperature thermal storage medium channel in the first counter-current heat exchanger, and the other end of the high-temperature thermal storage medium channel in the first counter-current heat exchanger is connected to the first low-temperature thermal storage unit by the first four-way valve and the second circulating pump. The low-temperature thermal storage system includes a second counter-current heat exchanger, a second high-temperature thermal storage unit, a second low-temperature thermal storage unit, a third circulating pump, a second four-way valve, and a low-temperature thermal storage medium; the second high-temperature thermal storage unit is directly connected to one end of the low-temperature thermal storage medium channel in the second counter-current heat exchanger, and the other end of the low-temperature thermal storage medium channel in the second counter-current heat exchanger is connected to the second low-temperature thermal storage unit by the second four-way valve and the third circulating pump; The cryogenic liquid storage tank is connected to one end of the heat transfer pipe of the cryogenic phase change heat storage tank. The compressor and expander are connected in parallel between the other end of the heat transfer pipe of the cryogenic phase change heat storage tank and the thermal battery circulation medium channel in the first countercurrent heat exchanger. The other end of the thermal battery circulation medium channel in the first countercurrent heat exchanger is connected to one end of the heat transfer pipe of the high-temperature phase change heat storage tank. The other end of the heat transfer pipe of the high-temperature phase change heat storage tank is connected to one end of the thermal battery circulation medium channel of the second countercurrent heat exchanger. The first circulation pump and the throttle valve are connected in parallel between the thermal battery circulation medium channel of the second countercurrent heat exchanger and the cryogenic liquid storage tank.

2. The thermal battery system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal battery system also includes a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid storage device, which is installed between the heat transfer pipe of the high-temperature phase change heat storage device and the thermal battery circulation medium channel of the second countercurrent heat exchanger.

3. The thermal battery system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal battery system also includes a heat exchanger, which has a thermal battery circulation medium channel. The heat exchanger is installed between the expander and the first countercurrent heat exchanger. The heating source of the thermal battery circulation medium in the thermal battery circulation medium channel of the heat exchanger comes from coal, natural gas or solar energy.

4. The thermal battery system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal battery system also includes a hydraulic power generation device, which replaces the throttle valve and is installed between the thermal battery circulation medium channel and the cryogenic reservoir of the second countercurrent heat exchanger.

5. The thermal battery system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal battery system also includes a heat dissipation device installed between the outlet of the expander and the low-temperature phase change heat storage device.

6. The thermal battery system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The heat dissipation device is a heat recovery plate heat exchanger, and the recovered heat is used for heating, hot water supply, or industrial steam supply.

7. A thermal battery system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal battery system further includes a first one-way valve and a second one-way valve; the first one-way valve is connected between the throttle valve and the cryogenic reservoir; the second one-way valve is connected between the thermal battery circulating medium channel of the first circulating pump and the second countercurrent heat exchanger.

8. The thermal battery system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The expander is connected to the generator.

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