A method and system for ecological restoration of mines

Abstract

This invention provides a method and system for mine ecological restoration, relating to the field of ecological environment restoration technology. The method includes: obtaining soil damage characteristics based on a pre-acquired ecological area to be restored; obtaining a mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and pre-acquired restoration goals, combined with geological soil selection principles; obtaining a plant species composition based on sampling results from pre-acquired sample plots and restoration goals; and performing ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored based on the mine geological composition and plant species composition. This invention accelerates the process of geological soil formation and vegetation restoration in abandoned open-pit mines, improves the tolerance of restored vegetation communities to climate fluctuations, and truly achieves precise and sustainable ecological restoration of open-pit mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment restoration technology, and in particular to a method and system for mine ecological restoration suitable for subtropical monsoon plateau mountain climate. Background Technology

[0002] Under the subtropical monsoon-plateau mountain climate, the Yunnan Plateau and mountains, with their well-developed geological structures and complex lithology, exhibit significant horizontal and vertical variations in vegetation growth due to differences in altitude, topography, and rainfall. Coupled with the foehn effect and the prevalent limestone and karst topography of Yunnan, the high mountains and steep slopes result in low surface water retention and difficulty in utilizing groundwater, making irrigation challenging. The high altitude, strong sunlight, and complex climatic conditions, coupled with areas receiving less than 600 mm of annual rainfall, predominantly create a dry and hot climate, effectively classifying them as semi-arid regions. These areas possess abundant resources and biodiversity, yet also exhibit ecological fragility and environmental sensitivity. Therefore, the ecological restoration of abandoned mine sites urgently requires the targeted construction of an optimal, rational, and stable mine ecological restoration system. The foundation of ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines lies in recreating a healthy soil structure and stratification, providing the essential soil habitats for plant growth. Vegetation restoration can enhance the biological activity of degraded soil, increase soil nutrients, and improve soil physical properties. Open-pit mining activities alter the original land landscape structure, and changes in structure inevitably lead to changes in ecological functions. Therefore, ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines should focus on soil habitat reconstruction, vegetation rebuilding, and reclaiming the land landscape structure.

[0003] Existing open-pit mine ecological restoration technologies mainly rely on geological engineering experience in disaster prevention for construction. The restoration of damaged habitats has not achieved unity with the surrounding habitats due to significant zonal differences in mining areas, and therefore lacks the potential for long-term sustainable development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for mine ecological restoration, which addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies where habitat restoration cannot achieve harmony with the surrounding habitat due to significant zonal differences in mining areas. This invention achieves precision and sustainability in the ecological restoration of open-pit mines.

[0005] This invention provides a method for ecological restoration of a mine, comprising: obtaining soil damage characteristics based on a pre-acquired ecological area to be restored; obtaining a mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and a pre-acquired restoration target, combined with geological soil selection principles; obtaining a plant species composition based on the sampling results of a previously acquired preset sample plot and the restoration target; and performing ecological restoration on the ecological area to be restored based on the mine geological composition and the plant species composition.

[0006] According to a mine ecological restoration method provided by the present invention, the step of obtaining a plant species composition based on the sampling results of a pre-obtained preset plot and the restoration target includes: obtaining the importance value of species in each quadrat of the preset plot and the species diversity results of each quadrat of the preset plot based on the sampling results of the pre-obtained preset plot; wherein, the sampling results include the species type, species quantity, and species distribution of each quadrat in the preset plot; ranking the species in each quadrat according to the importance value, selecting a preset number of species according to the ranking result, and combining the species diversity results of each quadrat of the preset plot to obtain the community stability of the corresponding quadrat; and selecting the most stable preset plot according to the community stability of the corresponding quadrat of the preset plot to obtain the corresponding plant species composition.

[0007] According to a mine ecological restoration method provided by the present invention, the step of selecting a preset number of species based on a ranking result and combining the species diversity results of each quadrat of the preset sample plot to obtain the community stability of the corresponding preset sample plot includes: selecting a preset number of species according to the ranking result in descending order of importance value; obtaining sampling results corresponding to the selected species in at least two quadrats to obtain functional diversity results; obtaining functional redundancy results based on the functional diversity results and the species diversity results of the corresponding quadrat of the preset sample plot; and obtaining the community stability of the corresponding preset sample plot based on the functional diversity results and the functional redundancy results.

[0008] According to a mine ecological restoration method provided by the present invention, the step of selecting the most stable preset sample plot based on the community stability of the corresponding sample plot to obtain the corresponding plant species combination includes: when the species diversity result is less than a first preset threshold, comparing the functional diversity results of all sample plots, and determining that the corresponding sample plot community is more stable based on the larger the functional diversity result; when the species diversity result is greater than a second preset threshold, comparing the functional redundancy results of all sample plots, and determining that the corresponding sample plot community is more stable based on the larger the functional redundancy result.

[0009] According to a mine ecological restoration method provided by the present invention, the step of obtaining a mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and the pre-obtained restoration target, and in combination with the geological soil formation screening principle, includes: obtaining a geological soil formation target based on the soil damage characteristics and the restoration target; screening the geological soil formation target based on the geological soil formation target, and in combination with the geological soil formation screening principle, to obtain a mine geological composition.

[0010] According to a mine ecological restoration method provided by the present invention, before obtaining soil damage characteristics based on a pre-acquired ecological area to be restored, the method includes: acquiring a mine image; outlining and numbering patches based on the mine image, and obtaining the area of ​​each patch; correcting the mine image based on the patches and the patch areas, and in conjunction with previously acquired on-site verification results, to obtain the ecological area to be restored.

[0011] According to a mine ecological restoration method provided by the present invention, after the ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored is carried out, the method includes: irrigating, fertilizing and pest control of the restored ecological area according to a preset cycle; and / or monitoring the plant community of the restored ecological area.

[0012] This invention also provides a mine ecological restoration system, comprising: a damage characteristic acquisition module, which obtains soil damage characteristics based on a pre-acquired ecological area to be restored; a geological composition acquisition module, which obtains a mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and a pre-acquired restoration target, combined with geological soil selection principles; a plant composition acquisition module, which obtains a plant species composition based on the sampling results of a pre-acquired preset sample plot and the restoration target; and an ecological restoration module, which performs ecological restoration on the ecological area to be restored based on the mine geological composition and the plant species composition.

[0013] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of any of the above-described mine ecological restoration methods.

[0014] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described mine ecological restoration methods.

[0015] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described mine ecological restoration methods.

[0016] The mine ecological restoration method and system provided by this invention obtains suitable mine geological and plant species combinations based on the soil damage characteristics of the ecological area to be restored and the pre-acquired restoration target basis. Under the guidance of functional redundancy theory, a soil-plant micro-ecological community is constructed to promote the restoration of species diversity and community stability in the mining area, accelerate the process of soil formation and vegetation restoration in abandoned open-pit mines, and improve the tolerance of the restored vegetation community to climate fluctuations. It truly realizes the precision and sustainability of open-pit mine ecological restoration, and is especially suitable for ecological environment restoration with significant climate differences, such as subtropical monsoon plateau mountain climate. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the mine ecological restoration method provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the preset sample plots provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mine ecological restoration system provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a mine ecological restoration method according to the present invention is shown. The method includes:

[0024] S11, Based on the pre-acquired ecological area to be restored, the characteristics of soil damage are obtained;

[0025] S12, based on the characteristics of soil damage and the pre-obtained restoration targets, and combined with the geological soil selection principles, the mine geological composition is obtained;

[0026] S13, Based on the sampling results and restoration goals of the previously obtained pre-defined sample plots, the plant species combination is obtained;

[0027] S14, based on the geological composition of the mine and the composition of plant species, carries out ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored.

[0028] It should be noted that this manual applies to mine ecological restoration in specific complex habitats, especially to ecological environments with significant climatic differences, such as subtropical monsoon plateau mountain climates. Furthermore, S1N in this manual does not represent the order of mine ecological restoration methods; the specific order will be discussed below. Figure 2 The present invention describes a mine ecological restoration method.

[0029] Step S11: Based on the pre-acquired ecological area to be restored, obtain the soil damage characteristics.

[0030] In this embodiment, obtaining soil damage characteristics includes: obtaining the current state of damage and the soil condition before mining based on the pre-acquired ecological area to be restored; and determining the soil damage characteristics of the mine based on the current state of damage and the soil condition before mining.

[0031] In one optional embodiment, before obtaining the soil damage characteristics based on the pre-acquired ecological area to be restored, the method includes: acquiring the ecological area to be restored. Specifically, acquiring the ecological area to be restored includes: acquiring a mine image; delineating and numbering patches based on the mine image, and acquiring the area of ​​each patch; correcting the mine image based on the patches and their areas, and in conjunction with the previously acquired on-site verification results, to obtain the ecological area to be restored.

[0032] Furthermore, acquiring mine images includes: acquiring real-time mine images; and synthesizing the acquired real-time images to obtain the mine image. It should be noted that real-time mine images can be acquired using drone aerial photography or other methods, such as satellite imagery; no further limitations are specified here.

[0033] Furthermore, before correcting the mine images, the following steps were taken: within the area of ​​the mine to be ecologically restored, an investigation was conducted on the soil covering operations of the pits, slopes, slag heaps, and soil reserves at the source sites. Handheld GPS devices were used to verify each delineated map patch on-site to obtain the on-site verification results.

[0034] In one optional embodiment, before obtaining the mine geological composition based on soil damage characteristics and pre-acquired restoration targets, and in conjunction with geological soil selection principles, the process includes: determining the ecological type to be restored based on the ecological area to be restored; and determining the restoration target based on the ecological type to be restored, wherein the restoration target includes the restoration target and the degree of restoration to be achieved.

[0035] It should be noted that the type of ecosystem to be restored can be determined based on the current state of damage to the ecological area and the natural succession stage of the vegetation within the target area. In practice, the type of ecosystem can be named and briefly described in advance, which facilitates the determination of the corresponding type of ecosystem to be restored based on the current state of damage and the natural succession stage of the adjacent natural vegetation. The types of ecosystems include degraded ecosystems, damaged ecosystems, and destroyed ecosystems.

[0036] In one alternative embodiment, the determination of the type of ecology to be restored can be based on the current state of damage to the ecological area to be restored, the natural succession stage of the ecological environment vegetation within the target scope of the ecological area to be restored, and the policies of the ecological area to be restored. The policies can be obtained from local public websites, such as the development needs of the overall land use plan.

[0037] Furthermore, the natural succession stages of vegetation in the ecological environment can be divided according to the natural recovery process of plant communities. This facilitates the determination of the corresponding natural succession stage of vegetation based on the characteristics of the divided stages. Taking a karst special area as an example, the natural succession stages are divided into 6 stages according to the natural recovery process of its plant communities, specifically including:

[0038] Herbaceous community stage: Naturally developed grassland state, with no signs of abandoned cultivation and no strong human disturbance. The community is dominated by herbaceous plants, with a small number of shrubs and no trees.

[0039] Shrub-grass transition stage: There are no large areas of exposed rocks, the overall vegetation coverage is over 80%, herbaceous and shrub species are visible, and the two types of plants are equally numerous in appearance, with no obvious stratification, and the overall community height does not exceed 1.5m;

[0040] Shrub and thicket stage: There are no obvious exposed rocks, the overall vegetation coverage is over 80%, of which the shrub species coverage is over 50%, there is a stratification phenomenon, herbaceous plants are mainly distributed in the lower layer of the community, there are no tall trees, there may be a small number of pioneer tree species, and the overall height of the community does not exceed 2m.

[0041] Shrub-tree transition stage: There are no exposed rocks in appearance, and the forest is dominated by trees. The soil surface under the forest is no less than 50%. There are herbaceous layer, shrub layer and tree layer in the forest, but the stratification is not obvious. The shrub layer coverage is no less than 50%, and there may be some tall shrub species.

[0042] Arbor forest stage: It is similar in appearance to the transitional stage of shrub and tree, but the average height of the tree layer is not less than 10m, the average height below the branch is not less than 5m, and there is a clear stratification of the herb layer, shrub layer and tree layer.

[0043] Climax stage: There is basically no human interference, with distinct interlayer plants, abundant vines, and complete differentiation of the tree, shrub, and herb layers, but the boundaries between the layers are not clear.

[0044] Step S12: Based on the soil damage characteristics and the pre-obtained restoration targets, and in conjunction with the geological soil selection principles, the mine geological composition is obtained.

[0045] In this embodiment, the mine geological composition is obtained based on the soil damage characteristics and the pre-obtained restoration targets, combined with the geological soil formation screening principles. This includes: obtaining geological soil formation targets based on the soil damage characteristics and restoration targets; screening the geological soil formation targets and combining them with the geological soil formation screening principles to obtain the mine geological composition.

[0046] Furthermore, based on the soil damage characteristics and restoration goals, the geological soil formation goals are obtained, including: determining the degree of damage based on the soil damage characteristics; determining the direction of mine restoration soil reclamation based on the degree of damage and restoration goals; determining the current soil status based on the soil damage characteristics and in conjunction with the previously obtained original soil profile structure; and obtaining the geological soil formation goals based on the direction of mine restoration soil reclamation, the current soil status, and the quality control standards for reconstructed soil.

[0047] It should be noted that soil damage characteristics are a qualitative assessment of the current state of damaged land, used to characterize the type and degree of damage. Damage types include land excavation, encroachment, subsidence, and water accumulation; damage degrees include severe, relatively severe, and relatively minor, which can be determined according to the relevant grading standards stipulated in the region, without further limitation here; the direction of mine remediation soil reclamation includes cultivated land, orchards, and grassland; the original soil profile structure includes topsoil, subsoil, parent material, and bedrock; the current soil status includes the thickness of the topsoil layer (0–50 cm) and the stripping status (partial stripping, complete stripping) of the open-pit mine surface layer, and the thickness and stripping status (partial stripping, complete stripping) of the subsoil layer; the quality control standards that the remediated and reconstructed soil must meet include effective soil layer thickness, soil bulk density, soil texture, gravel content, organic matter, and pH value.

[0048] For example, assuming the soil damage characteristics are severe land excavation, based on the above method, the geological soil formation target of the mine can be determined as: alternating backfilling of the original topsoil, layered backfilling of the original topsoil and topsoil substitute materials, and reconstruction of new topsoil, i.e., topsoil substitute materials.

[0049] Furthermore, the principles for selecting soil for geological formation include the demand principle, the quality principle of soil-forming materials, the green ecological principle, and the cost-effectiveness principle. In the actual design process, the land type of the soil sampling point was other forest land, the soil quality met the requirements for vegetation growth, and the soil source quality was tested (testing indicators included pH, organic matter, dry density, copper, zinc, nickel, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, and mercury). The soil source for the soil-forming materials was selected from local topsoil sales points, and the alternative materials were close to the reclamation and restoration site, resulting in lower transportation costs.

[0050] It should be noted that mine geological composition involves organically combining multiple single soil-forming materials according to geological soil-forming objectives to form a soil material composition that closely approximates the soil-forming requirements, thereby achieving physical and chemical properties similar to the desired soil.

[0051] In addition, for open-pit quarries, the topsoil contains a lot of sand and rock fragments, so auxiliary materials with a rich clay content need to be added. In addition, the region is dominated by the formation process of red soil from mountain loess, resulting in a large amount of base loss. The matrix materials taken from the local topsoil sales point are acidic or slightly acidic, and lime, phosphate fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer need to be added.

[0052] Step S13: Based on the community stability of the preset plots, select the most stable preset plot to obtain the corresponding plant species combination.

[0053] In this embodiment, based on the sampling results and restoration goals of previously obtained preset sample plots, plant species combinations are obtained, including:

[0054] Step S131: Based on the sampling results of the previously obtained preset sample plots, obtain the importance value of species in each quadrat of the corresponding preset sample plot and the species diversity results of each quadrat of the preset sample plot; wherein, the sampling results include the species type, species number and species distribution of each quadrat in the preset sample plot.

[0055] In one optional embodiment, the number of preset sample plots is at least three, and each sample plot is evenly divided according to a preset value to obtain multiple quadrats.

[0056] It should be noted that the pre-selected sample plots are selected outside the mining area to be ecologically restored, with similar site conditions. These can be set based on actual design needs; for example, each sample plot may be 30×30m, and at least three sample plots should be selected. (Reference) Figure 2 Each plot was evenly divided into nine quadrats. All tree species were surveyed in each quadrat. Each quadrat also included one 4m × 4m shrub quadrat and one 1m × 1m grassland quadrat, resulting in a total of nine tree quadrats, nine shrub quadrats, and nine herbaceous quadrats per plot. Tree, shrub, and herbaceous species were surveyed within these quadrats, and sampling results were obtained. The tree, shrub, and herbaceous survey specifically refers to:

[0057] 1) Tree layer: Among them, woody plants with a diameter at breast height ≥ 5cm (including large woody plants) are included in the tree layer. Each plant is measured and its survival status is recorded.

[0058] 2) Shrub layer: In fixed shrub quadrats, a detailed survey of the shrub layer was conducted. The species name, average height, canopy, number of trees, and average basal diameter of each shrub were recorded. Individuals measured included shrub species and regenerating saplings that did not meet the criteria for tree layer measurement.

[0059] 3) Herbaceous layer: In fixed herbaceous quadrats, a detailed survey of the herbaceous layer is conducted. Within each herbaceous quadrat, the species name, average height, canopy coverage, and number of plants (clumps) for each herbaceous species are recorded.

[0060] Step S132: Sort the species in each quadrat according to their importance values, select a preset number of species based on the sorting results, and combine the species diversity results of each quadrat in the preset plot to obtain the community stability of the corresponding quadrat.

[0061] Specifically, based on the ranking results, a preset number of species are selected, and combined with the species diversity results of each quadrat in the preset sample plot, the community stability of the corresponding preset sample plot is obtained. This includes: selecting species that meet the preset number according to their importance value from largest to smallest based on the ranking results; obtaining sampling results for the selected species in at least two quadrats to obtain functional diversity results; obtaining functional redundancy results based on the functional diversity results and the species diversity results of the corresponding quadrats in the preset sample plot; and obtaining the community stability of the corresponding preset sample plot based on the functional diversity results and the functional redundancy results. It should be noted that the preset number can be determined according to actual design requirements or the types of species involved in the actual ecological environment. For example, it can be 10 in karst landforms, and no further limitation is made here.

[0062] In this embodiment, the importance value = (relative density + relative frequency + relative cover) / 3, where relative cover is the percentage of the cover of a certain plant species in the quadrat relative to the total cover of the community.

[0063] Furthermore, species diversity results refer to the community type and species composition of each quadrat after the community vegetation survey, i.e., the community type, family, genus, and species number in each quadrat. The species diversity results of each quadrat are expressed as follows:

[0064]

[0065] Where D represents the Simpson index, i.e., the species diversity result; S represents the number of species within the quadrat; P i This represents the relative density of species i within the quadrat.

[0066] Secondly, when obtaining sampling results for at least two quadrats corresponding to the selected species, one can select mature, medium-sized, fully expanded, and disease-free intact leaves from the plant and obtain their corresponding sampling results. Additionally, for tree species, leaves from the canopy layer should be selected whenever possible; branches can be cut first, followed by leaf cutting. For shrubs and herbs, leaves should be cut directly (without petioles). For each species, at least a predetermined number of healthy leaves from different parts of the plant should be selected.

[0067] It is worth noting that functional diversity and functional redundancy results provide quantitative references for maintaining community stability among different plots. This allows for the selection of plant community combinations with high community stability for application in plant species selection for the remediation project in the mining area. The aim is to achieve higher stability (resistance to disturbance and resilience) of the restored mining area ecosystem, avoiding ineffective ecological restoration results such as "green for one year, yellow for two years, and completely dead for three years."

[0068] Functional diversity results are represented as:

[0069]

[0070] Where Q represents the functional diversity Rao secondary entropy (RaoQ), i.e., the functional diversity result; S is the total number of species in the quadrat; P i and P j d represents the relative density of the i-th and j-th species within the quadrat, respectively; ij Let d be the distance between the dissimilarity matrices of species i and species j. ij The interspecific differences between species i and j measured through multiple sets of functional traits are represented by weighting using relative species density, where 0 ≤ d. ij ≤1.

[0071] Functional redundancy results are calculated using the difference between the Simpson exponent and the Rao quadratic entropy (RaoQ), expressed as:

[0072] FR=DQ

[0073] Wherein, FR represents the functional redundancy result; D represents the Simpson index; and Q represents the functional diversity result.

[0074] It should be noted that the community stability of the corresponding preset sample plot is obtained based on the functional diversity results and functional redundancy results, including: when the species diversity result is less than the first preset threshold, the functional diversity result is used as a comparison value for the community stability of the corresponding sample plot, the functional diversity results of all sample plots are compared, and the community stability of the corresponding sample plot is determined to be more stable based on the larger the functional diversity result; when the species diversity result is greater than the second preset threshold, the functional redundancy result is used as a comparison value for the community stability of the corresponding sample plot, the functional redundancy results of all sample plots are compared, and the community stability of the corresponding sample plot is determined to be more stable based on the larger the functional redundancy result.

[0075] It should be added that the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold can be determined based on experimental data or prior experience. The selection of the second preset threshold can refer to the first preset threshold, and no further restrictions are made here. For example, the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold can both be 0.5.

[0076] Step S133: Based on the community stability of the corresponding quadrats of the preset sample plots, select the most stable preset sample plot to obtain the corresponding plant species combination.

[0077] It should be noted that the plant species composition of the ecological area to be restored is determined based on the plant composition of the most stable pre-selected sample plot.

[0078] In one alternative embodiment, the plant species include at least one of alder, pine, sorrel, mulberry, bermudagrass and white clover.

[0079] Step S14: Based on the geological composition of the mine and the composition of plant species, carry out ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored.

[0080] In this embodiment, ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored includes: according to the geological composition of the mine, completing soil improvement and topsoil covering, and reconstructing the soil slope structure and soil fertility; according to the plant species composition, implementing the layout and planting of the mine slope, wherein trees and shrubs are planted in pits, and herbaceous plants are planted by spraying and mixing.

[0081] It should be noted that fertilization and improvement refers to adding commercial organic fertilizer to the substrate material; topsoil covering refers to the process where, in abandoned open-pit mines where soil has not been properly stripped and stored and plants are planted directly on rock and soil-like mixed substrates or rock strips, it is necessary to clean up the rock strips and rock debris to a thickness of 0.1 meters and then cover them with topsoil to a thickness of 0.6 meters.

[0082] In addition, pit planting refers to planting trees and shrubs in pits, with specifications of 0.6*0.6*0.6 meters for trees and 0.4*0.4*0.4 meters for shrubs. Spray-mixed vegetation is based on engineering mechanics and biological theories. It uses imported soil mixed with adhesive and anchored wire mesh technology. Special spray-mixing machinery is used to spray a mixture of soil, fertilizer, organic matter, water-retaining materials, adhesive materials, plant seeds and other dry materials with water onto the rock surface to form a hardened body with continuous voids about 10 cm thick. Seeds can take root, germinate and grow in the voids, while a certain degree of hardening can prevent rainwater erosion, thereby achieving the purpose of restoring vegetation, improving landscape and protecting the environment.

[0083] In one optional embodiment, after ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored, the process includes: based on a preset cycle, irrigating, fertilizing, pest control, and replanting at least one of the following to maintain the restored vegetation.

[0084] In one optional embodiment, after ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored, the method further includes: monitoring the plant community in the restored ecological area, including monitoring plant species, distribution, area, plant survival rate, and coverage.

[0085] In summary, this invention, through the soil damage characteristics of the ecological area to be restored and the pre-obtained restoration target basis, obtains suitable mine geological composition and plant species composition. Under the guidance of functional redundancy theory, it constructs soil-plant micro-ecological communities, promotes the restoration of species diversity and community stability in mining areas, accelerates the process of soil formation and vegetation restoration in abandoned open-pit mines, and improves the tolerance of restored vegetation communities to climate fluctuations. It truly achieves precision and sustainability in the ecological restoration of open-pit mines, and is especially suitable for ecological environment restoration with significant climatic differences, such as subtropical monsoon plateau mountain climates.

[0086] The mine ecological restoration system provided by the present invention is described below. The mine ecological restoration system described below can be referred to in correspondence with the mine ecological restoration method described above.

[0087] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a mine ecological restoration system is shown. The system includes:

[0088] The damage feature acquisition module 31 obtains soil damage features based on the pre-acquired ecological area to be restored;

[0089] The geological composition acquisition module 32 obtains the mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and the pre-acquired restoration targets, combined with the geological soil selection principles.

[0090] The plant combination acquisition module 33 obtains plant species combinations based on the sampling results and restoration goals of the previously acquired preset sample plots.

[0091] Ecological restoration module 34, based on the geological composition of the mine and the composition of plant species, carries out ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored.

[0092] In this embodiment, the damage feature acquisition module 31 includes: a status acquisition unit, which obtains the current damage status and the soil condition before mining based on the pre-acquired ecological area to be restored; and a feature determination unit, which determines the soil damage features of the mine based on the current damage status and the soil condition before mining.

[0093] In an optional embodiment, the system further includes: a region acquisition module, which acquires the ecological region to be restored before obtaining the soil damage characteristics based on the pre-acquired ecological region to be restored. Specifically, the region acquisition module includes: an image acquisition unit, which acquires a mine image; an image processing unit, which delineates and numbers patches based on the mine image and acquires the area of ​​each patch; and a verification and correction unit, which corrects the mine image based on the patches and their areas, combined with the previously acquired on-site verification results, to obtain the ecological region to be restored.

[0094] Furthermore, the image acquisition unit includes: an image acquisition subunit for acquiring real-time images of the mine; and a synthesis subunit for synthesizing the acquired real-time images to obtain a mine image.

[0095] Furthermore, the system also includes an investigation module, which investigates the soil covering operations of pits, slopes, slag heaps, and soil reserves in the area to be ecologically restored within the mine before correcting the mine images. The system also uses a handheld GPS to verify each delineated map patch on-site and obtain the on-site verification results.

[0096] In an optional embodiment, the system further includes: a type determination module, which determines the ecological type to be restored based on the ecological area to be restored before obtaining the mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and the pre-acquired restoration target, combined with the geological soil selection principle; and a target determination module, which determines the restoration target based on the ecological type to be restored, wherein the restoration target includes the target to be restored and the degree of restoration to be restored.

[0097] The geological composition acquisition module 32 includes: a geological target acquisition unit, which obtains geological soil formation targets based on soil damage characteristics and restoration targets; and a geological composition acquisition unit, which screens geological soil formation targets and obtains mine geological composition based on geological soil formation screening principles.

[0098] Furthermore, the geological target acquisition unit includes: a damage degree determination subunit, which determines the damage degree based on soil damage characteristics; a reclamation direction determination subunit, which determines the mine restoration soil reclamation direction based on the damage degree and restoration target; a soil current status determination subunit, which determines the current soil status based on soil damage characteristics and in conjunction with the previously acquired original soil profile structure; and a geological target acquisition subunit, which obtains geological soil formation targets based on the mine restoration soil reclamation direction, the current soil status, and the quality control standards for reconstructed soil.

[0099] The plant composition acquisition module 33 includes: a first data acquisition unit, which, based on the sampling results of previously acquired preset plots, obtains the importance values ​​of species in each quadrat of the corresponding preset plot and the species diversity results of each quadrat of the preset plot; wherein, the sampling results include the species type, species quantity, and species distribution of each quadrat in the preset plot; a community stability acquisition unit, which sorts the species in each quadrat according to the importance values, selects a preset number of species according to the sorting results, and, combined with the species diversity results of each quadrat of the preset plot, obtains the community stability of the corresponding quadrat; and a plant composition acquisition unit, which, based on the community stability of the corresponding quadrat of the preset plot, selects the most stable preset plot and obtains the corresponding plant species composition.

[0100] Specifically, the community stability acquisition unit includes: a species selection subunit, which selects a preset number of species according to their importance values ​​from largest to smallest based on the ranking results; a functional diversity acquisition subunit, which obtains the sampling results corresponding to the selected species in at least two quadrats to obtain the functional diversity results; a functional redundancy acquisition subunit, which obtains the functional redundancy results based on the functional diversity results and the species diversity results of the corresponding quadrats in the preset plots; and a community stability acquisition subunit, which obtains the community stability of the corresponding preset plots based on the functional diversity results and the functional redundancy results.

[0101] Furthermore, the community stability acquisition subunit includes: a first community stability acquisition grandchild unit, which, when the species diversity result is less than a first preset threshold, uses the functional diversity result as a comparison value for the stability of the corresponding quadrat community, compares the functional diversity results of all quadrats, and determines that the corresponding quadrat community is more stable based on the larger the functional diversity result; and a second community stability acquisition grandchild unit, which, when the species diversity result is greater than a second preset threshold, uses the functional redundancy result as a comparison value for the stability of the corresponding quadrat community, compares the functional redundancy results of all quadrats, and determines that the corresponding quadrat community is more stable based on the larger the functional redundancy result.

[0102] The ecological restoration module 34 includes: the first implementation unit, which completes soil improvement and topsoil covering according to the geological composition of the mine, and reconstructs the soil slope structure and soil fertility; and the second implementation unit, which implements the layout and planting of mine slopes according to the plant species composition, wherein trees and shrubs are planted in pits, and herbaceous plants are planted by spraying and mixing.

[0103] In an optional embodiment, the system further includes a management and maintenance module, which, after ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored, performs at least one of irrigation, fertilization, pest control, and replanting on the restored ecological area based on a preset cycle to maintain the revegetated vegetation.

[0104] In an optional embodiment, the system further includes a monitoring module, which monitors the plant community in the restored ecological area after ecological restoration is carried out. The monitoring includes monitoring plant species, distribution, area, survival rate, and coverage.

[0105] In summary, this invention, through the soil damage characteristics of the ecological area to be restored and the pre-obtained restoration target basis, obtains suitable mine geological composition and plant species composition. Under the guidance of functional redundancy theory, it constructs soil-plant micro-ecological communities, promotes the restoration of species diversity and community stability in mining areas, accelerates the process of soil formation and vegetation restoration in abandoned open-pit mines, and improves the tolerance of restored vegetation communities to climate fluctuations. It truly achieves precision and sustainability in the ecological restoration of open-pit mines, and is especially suitable for ecological environment restoration with significant climatic differences, such as subtropical monsoon plateau mountain climates.

[0106] Figure 4 An example is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 41, a communication interface 42, a memory 43, and a communication bus 44, wherein the processor 41, the communication interface 42, and the memory 43 communicate with each other through the communication bus 44. The processor 41 can call logical instructions in the memory 43 to execute a mine ecological restoration method, which includes: obtaining soil damage characteristics based on a pre-acquired ecological area to be restored; obtaining a mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and pre-acquired restoration targets, combined with geological soil selection principles; obtaining a plant species composition based on the sampling results of pre-acquired preset sample plots and restoration targets; and performing ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored based on the mine geological composition and plant species composition.

[0107] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 43 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0108] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the mine ecological restoration method provided by the above methods. The method includes: obtaining soil damage characteristics based on a pre-acquired ecological area to be restored; obtaining a mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and the pre-acquired restoration target, combined with geological soil selection principles; obtaining a plant species composition based on the sampling results of a pre-acquired preset sample plot and the restoration target; and performing ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored based on the mine geological composition and the plant species composition.

[0109] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the mine ecological restoration method provided by the above methods. The method includes: obtaining soil damage characteristics based on a pre-acquired ecological area to be restored; obtaining a mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and a pre-acquired restoration target, combined with geological soil selection principles; obtaining a plant species composition based on the sampling results of a pre-acquired preset sample plot and the restoration target; and performing ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored based on the mine geological composition and the plant species composition.

[0110] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0111] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of a mine, characterized in that, include: Based on the pre-acquired ecological area to be restored, the characteristics of soil damage are obtained; Based on the soil damage characteristics and the pre-obtained restoration targets, and in conjunction with the geological soil selection principles, the mine geological composition is obtained; Based on the sampling results of the previously obtained preset sample plots and the restoration target, the plant species combination is obtained; Based on the geological composition of the mine and the composition of plant species, ecological restoration is carried out on the ecological area to be restored. Before obtaining the mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and pre-obtained restoration targets, and in conjunction with geological soil selection principles, the following steps are included: Based on the ecological area to be restored, the ecological type to be restored is determined; wherein, the ecological type to be restored is determined based on the current state of damage of the ecological area to be restored and the natural succession stage of the ecological environment vegetation within the target area of ​​the ecological area to be restored; Based on the type of ecology to be restored, restoration goals are determined, including the target to be restored and the degree of restoration to be achieved. The process of obtaining plant species combinations based on the sampling results of previously acquired preset plots and the restoration target includes: Based on the sampling results of the pre-obtained preset sample plots, the importance values ​​of species in each quadrat of the preset sample plots and the species diversity results of each quadrat of the preset sample plots are obtained; wherein, the sampling results include the species type, species number and species distribution of each quadrat in the preset sample plots. Based on the importance value, the species in each quadrat are sorted, a preset number of species are selected based on the sorting results, and the community stability of the corresponding quadrat is obtained by combining the species diversity results of each quadrat in the preset plot. Based on the community stability of the corresponding quadrats of the preset sample plots, the most stable preset sample plot is selected to obtain the corresponding plant species combination.

2. The mine ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of selecting a preset number of species based on the sorting results and combining the species diversity results of each quadrat in the preset sample plot to obtain the community stability of the corresponding preset sample plot includes: Based on the sorting results, select the species that meet the preset number of importance values ​​from largest to smallest. Based on the selected species, obtain the sampling results corresponding to the selected species in at least two quadrats to obtain the functional diversity results; Based on the functional diversity results and the species diversity results of the corresponding quadrats of the preset sample plots, the functional redundancy results are obtained; Based on the functional diversity results and the functional redundancy results, the community stability of the corresponding preset sample plots is obtained.

3. The mine ecological restoration method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of selecting the most stable preset plot based on the community stability of the corresponding quadrats of the preset plots to obtain the corresponding plant species combination includes: If the species diversity result is less than a first preset threshold, the functional diversity results of all quadrats are compared, and the larger the functional diversity result, the more stable the corresponding quadrat community is determined. If the species diversity result is greater than a second preset threshold, the functional redundancy results of all quadrats are compared, and the community of the corresponding quadrat is determined to be more stable based on the larger the functional redundancy result.

4. The mine ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and pre-obtained restoration targets, combined with geological soil selection principles, includes: Based on the soil damage characteristics and the restoration target, the geological soil formation target is obtained; Based on the stated geological soil-forming targets and combined with the geological soil-forming screening principles, the mine geological composition is obtained.

5. The mine ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before obtaining the soil damage characteristics based on the pre-acquired ecological area to be restored, the process includes: Acquire mine images; Based on the mine image, plotted patches are drawn and numbered, and the area of ​​each patch is obtained; Based on the image patches and their areas, and in conjunction with previously obtained on-site verification results, the mine image is corrected to obtain the ecological area to be restored.

6. The mine ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After ecological restoration of the ecological area to be restored, the following steps are included: Based on a preset cycle, at least one of the following is applied to the restored ecological area: irrigation, fertilization, and pest control; and / or, Plant community monitoring was conducted in the restored ecological area.

7. A mine ecological restoration system, characterized in that, include: The damage feature acquisition module obtains soil damage features based on the pre-acquired ecological area to be restored; The geological composition acquisition module obtains the mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and the pre-acquired restoration targets, combined with the geological soil formation screening principles. The plant combination acquisition module obtains plant species combinations based on the sampling results of the previously acquired preset sample plots and the restoration target. The ecological restoration module performs ecological restoration on the ecological area to be restored based on the geological composition of the mine and the composition of plant species. The system also includes: The type determination module, before obtaining the mine geological composition based on the soil damage characteristics and pre-acquired restoration targets, and in conjunction with geological soil selection principles, determines the ecological type to be restored based on the ecological area to be restored; wherein, the ecological type to be restored is determined based on the current state of damage of the ecological area to be restored and the natural succession stage of the ecological environment vegetation within the target range of the ecological area to be restored; The target determination module determines the restoration target based on the type of ecosystem to be restored, wherein the restoration target includes the target to be restored and the degree of restoration to be achieved; The plant combination acquisition module includes: The first data acquisition unit, based on the sampling results of the previously acquired preset sample plots, obtains the importance value of species in each quadrat of the preset sample plot and the species diversity results of each quadrat of the preset sample plot; wherein, the sampling results include the species type, species quantity and species distribution of each quadrat in the preset sample plot. The community stability acquisition unit sorts the species in each quadrat according to the importance value, selects a preset number of species according to the sorting results, and combines the species diversity results of each quadrat in the preset plot to obtain the community stability of the corresponding quadrat. The plant combination acquisition unit selects the most stable preset plot based on the community stability of the corresponding quadrat of the preset plot, and obtains the corresponding plant species combination.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the mine ecological restoration method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the mine ecological restoration method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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