Apparatus for producing a heterogeneous metal laminate with surface pretreatment and working method

Abstract

The application relates to a device for preparing a heterogeneous metal laminated plate with surface pretreatment and a working method, which comprises a base and a concave die fixed above the base, a pushing groove extending horizontally is arranged on the upper end surface of the base, a pressing plate is arranged above the concave die, a punch is fixed to the lower end of the pressing plate, a vertical pressing cavity for the punch to press into is vertically and penetratively arranged on the concave die, a die core is arranged between the lower part of the pressing cavity and the base to form an extrusion channel in communication with the pressing cavity; a cavity for installing a surface pretreatment assembly is further arranged in the concave die, the surface pretreatment assembly comprises a gear shaft, a knurled wheel with a knurled surface is coaxially arranged on the gear shaft, a vertical rack extending downward is fixed to the lower end of the pressing plate, and the end surfaces of the gear shaft are provided with gear teeth for engaging with the rack, the device for preparing the heterogeneous metal laminated plate with surface pretreatment utilizes the surface microstructure processing and auxiliary feeding functions of the knurled wheel, so that manpower is saved and cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of novel metal material processing technology, specifically to a device and method for preparing heterogeneous metal laminates with surface pretreatment. Background Technology

[0002] With scientific development and social progress, aerospace, automotive and shipbuilding industries, and various harsh industrial environments have placed higher demands on metallic materials. These demands include superior specific strength, specific stiffness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, and many other comprehensive performance requirements. Clearly, single-element metal materials are no longer sufficient to meet these requirements. Metal laminates, as a major category of composite materials, combine the advantages of two or more metals and offer significant advantages in physical and chemical properties compared to single-element metal sheets. Therefore, improvements and innovations in metal laminate manufacturing processes and equipment have a crucial impact on industrial development.

[0003] Co-extrusion molding of dissimilar metals is an important industrial process for producing composite panels. This process offers advantages such as optimized material bonding, lower production costs and energy consumption, and improved uniformity of the composite material. Co-extrusion molding processes are mainly divided into two categories based on the placement of the composite preforms. One type involves placing the preforms to be laminated in the same mold cavity and feeding them into the co-extrusion channel under thermal coupling to undergo plastic deformation and achieve metal bonding. However, due to differences in the physicochemical properties of the composite preforms, the varying deformation resistance during extrusion molding can lead to uneven interfacial bonding in the laminate. The other type of co-extrusion process involves placing the composite preforms in different channels, first subjecting them to plastic deformation, and then extruding them into the composite channel. This process can utilize channel pressure to achieve the composite of two or more metals with significantly different strengths, hardness, and other mechanical properties. However, it suffers from insufficient flow capacity on the hard metal side, resulting in a decline in the interfacial bonding quality of the metal laminate.

[0004] When evaluating the fabrication quality of metal laminates, the bonding performance of the interfacial layer is a crucial indicator. To enhance the interfacial bonding strength of metal laminates, optimization and improvement are primarily focused on the pretreatment before lamination and the heat treatment after lamination. Research and improvement of fabrication processes aim to reduce interfacial impurities and defects, thereby improving the bonding ability between dissimilar metals. However, existing techniques suffer from drawbacks such as high time consumption, uneconomical operation, and cumbersome procedures, significantly hindering the development and application of new metal laminate materials. In summary, the following problems exist: 1) The interfacial strength of dissimilar metal sheets without surface treatment is low, and existing surface treatment technologies require specialized equipment, increasing the fabrication cost of metal laminates and complicating operations; 2) In the non-equal channel co-extrusion process, insufficient flow capacity on the hard metal sheet side can lead to a decline in the bonding quality between metal composite sheets. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device and working method for preparing heterogeneous metal laminates with surface pretreatment, which not only has a reasonable structure, but also effectively increases the effective bonding area between the extruded bar stock and the sheet stock, and significantly enhances the bonding performance of the laminate interface.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a heterogeneous metal laminate preparation device with surface pretreatment, comprising a base and a die fixed above the base, wherein a horizontally extending push groove is provided on the upper end face of the base, a pressure plate is provided above the die, a punch is fixedly provided at the lower end of the pressure plate, a pressure cavity for the punch to be pressed in is provided vertically through the die, and a die core is provided between the pressure cavity and the base to facilitate communication with the pressure cavity to form an extrusion channel; a cavity for mounting a surface pretreatment component is also provided inside the die, the surface pretreatment component includes a gear shaft, a knurled wheel with knurled surface is coaxially provided on the gear shaft, a vertically extending rack is fixedly connected at the lower end of the pressure plate, and the end surface of the gear shaft is provided with gear teeth for meshing with the rack.

[0007] Furthermore, the mold core is fixedly connected to the base, and a joint groove communicating with the bottom of the extrusion channel is provided at the bottom of the mold core.

[0008] Furthermore, the base is fixedly connected to the vertically extending connecting plate of the concave mold.

[0009] Furthermore, the rack is slidably connected to the die and the base, and the base is fixedly provided with a rack guide rail that extends vertically to guide the rack to slide and engage with the back side.

[0010] Furthermore, two bearing seats are fixed on the base located in the cavity. The gear shaft is rotatably connected to the base via the bearing seats. The lower end of the knurled wheel is knurled and abuts against the upper surface of the metal sheet in the push groove.

[0011] Furthermore, the extrusion channel within the mold core has a tapered channel structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, extending obliquely downwards from back to front.

[0012] Furthermore, two vertically extending guide posts are fixedly provided on the top of the die, and the top of each guide post passes through the pressure plate and is slidably connected to it to guide the pressure plate.

[0013] The working method of the heterogeneous metal laminate preparation device with surface pretreatment is as follows: The metal bar to be processed is placed in the pressure cavity of the die, and the metal sheet is placed in the push groove of the base and pressed by the knurling wheel. Then, the punch, pressure plate, guide post and rack are adjusted to the appropriate position after being matched with each other. After checking that there are no errors, the external pressure is applied to the pressure plate, and the punch and rack move downward synchronously. The metal bar undergoes plastic deformation through the die core. The rack drives the gear shaft to drive the knurling wheel to rotate synchronously, processing the surface of the metal sheet and pushing it forward. The metal bar flowing out of the die core extrusion channel and the surface-treated metal sheet combine with each other at the die core exit and move continuously towards the laminate groove and the push groove exit, where co-extrusion molding is completed, and the laminate preparation is completed.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1) The surface pretreatment function in this device is reasonably and compactly integrated with the non-uniform channel extrusion fixture, which solves the problem of needing special surface treatment equipment and operators to process the sheet material. Compared with the traditional process, it reduces the number of steps, reduces time and labor costs, and improves economic efficiency.

[0016] 2) Use a knurling wheel to pre-treat the surface of the extruded sheet. The resulting surface microstructure texture can effectively increase the effective bonding area between the extruded bar and the sheet, and significantly enhance the bonding performance of the laminate interface, such as the shear strength of the interface.

[0017] 3) The auxiliary feeding function of the knurling wheel during rotation can push the sheet forward, help the flow of the laminate during the extrusion process, and overcome the problem of difficult flow of the laminate caused by excessive frictional resistance.

[0018] 4) By using replaceable die cores and knurling wheels, when it is necessary to prepare laminates of different types of materials, simply change the extrusion ratio of the die core and the diameter of the knurling wheel to match the extrusion ratio with the auxiliary feed speed of the knurling wheel. Moreover, by changing the knurling wheel with different pattern types (horizontal, diagonal, vertical), it is possible to process plates with different surface microstructures, which greatly improves the flexibility of the device.

[0019] The device utilizes a knurling wheel to process the surface microstructure of the sheet material and provides auxiliary feeding, simultaneously completing the surface treatment and auxiliary feeding of the sheet material to be extruded. Combined with a gear and rack transmission mechanism, it can drive the knurling wheel while applying displacement to the punch. By matching the extrusion ratio and transmission ratio, the extrusion speed of the bar stock and the feed speed of the sheet material can be matched. After the surface-treated sheet material is combined with the extruded bar stock, its surface microstructure improves the bonding performance of the laminate. Furthermore, the auxiliary feeding of the sheet material by the knurling wheel during preparation also correspondingly improves the bonding quality of the laminate.

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the surface pretreatment component in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of various knurling patterns on the knurling wheel in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Base, 2. Metal sheet, 3. Bearing housing, 4. Knurling wheel, 5. Mold core, 6. Die, 7. Metal bar stock, 8. Punch, 9. Pressure plate, 10. Guide post, 11. Rack, 12. Connecting plate, 13. Rack guide rail, 14. Spring retainer, 15. Gear shaft, 16. Push groove, 17. Pressure chamber, 18. Extrusion channel, 19. Chamber (chamber not shown in the diagram), 20. Gear tooth, 21. Panel groove. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the above features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for detailed explanation.

[0026] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a heterogeneous metal laminate preparation device with surface pretreatment includes a base 1 and a die 6 fixed above the base. The upper surface of the base has a horizontally extending push groove 16. A pressure plate 9 is provided above the die, and a punch 8 is fixed at the lower end of the pressure plate. A pressure cavity 17 for the punch to be pressed is vertically opened through the die. The pressure cavity is used to place the metal bar 7 to be pressed. A die core 5 is provided below the pressure cavity and between it and the base to facilitate communication with the pressure cavity to form an extrusion channel 18. A cavity 19 for installing a surface pretreatment component is also provided inside the die. The surface pretreatment component includes a gear shaft 15. A knurled wheel 4 with a knurled outer surface is coaxially provided on the gear shaft. A rack 11 extending vertically downward is fixed at the lower end of the pressure plate. The surfaces of both ends of the gear shaft are provided with gear teeth 20 for meshing with the rack. Two sets of racks and rack guides are correspondingly provided and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, the mold core is fixedly connected to the base. The front end face of the mold core 5 is aligned with the assembly stop on the base 1. Then, the mold core and the base are connected by screws. The die 6 is fitted with the upper part of the mold core 5 through the stop. The die 6, the mold core 5 and the base 1 are connected into a whole by the connecting plate 12. The bottom of the mold core is provided with a plate groove 21 that communicates with the bottom of the extrusion channel.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, the base is fixedly connected to the vertically extending connecting plate 12 of the concave mold.

[0029] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the knurling pattern on the outer surface of the knurling wheel can include various patterns, such as horizontal, diagonal, and vertical lines, to achieve the processing of plates with different surface microstructures, greatly improving the flexibility of the device.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, the rack is slidably connected to the die and the base. The base is fixed with a rack guide rail 13 that extends vertically to guide the rack to slide and engage with the back side. The rack guide rail 13 is installed on the die 6 and the base 1 using screws. Then, the rack 11 is assembled with the help of the groove of the rack guide rail. When installing the rack, attention should be paid to the upper and lower ends of the rack and its engagement with the gear shaft. When installing the toothless end, it should be at the upper end. After installation, it should be ensured that it meshes correctly with the gear shaft. The two racks must be at the same horizontal height.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, two bearing seats 3 are fixed on the base located in the cavity. The gear shaft is rotatably connected to the base via the bearing seats. The lower end of the knurled wheel is knurled and abuts against the upper surface of the metal sheet in the push groove.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the bearing housing and the stepped part of the gear shaft are fitted together, and their axial positioning is controlled by the pre-made shaft shoulder. The assembly methods at both ends are the same. The knurled wheel 4 and the gear shaft 15 are assembled by the splines and spline grooves pre-machined on the two parts. Their axial positioning is also controlled by the pre-made shaft shoulder. After assembly, the spring retainer 14 is used to fix the gear shaft by engaging the retainer groove.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, the extrusion channel inside the mold core has a tapered channel structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom and extends obliquely downward from back to front. The bottom end of the extrusion channel is connected to the mold closing groove so that it can directly dock with the surface of the metal sheet after extrusion. The rear side of the bottom of the mold core abuts against the upper surface of the metal sheet, and a mold closing groove is opened on the front side of the bottom to dock with the metal sheet.

[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, two vertically extending guide posts 10 are fixedly provided on the top of the die, and the top of each guide post passes through the pressure plate and is slidably connected to it to guide the pressure plate.

[0035] The working method of the heterogeneous metal laminate preparation device with surface pretreatment is carried out according to the following steps: The force-applying component used in the embodiment of the present invention is a press. The base 1 of the device is placed horizontally on the press working platform. The hard metal plate (metal sheet material) 2 to be processed is installed in the push groove of the base 1. The bearing seat and the base 1 are connected and fixed by screws.

[0036] The metal bar 7 to be extruded is placed in the pressure cavity of the die 6. A guide post 10 is installed at the upper end of the die 6 to ensure the accuracy of the movement direction of the pressure plate 9. The pressure plate 9 has mounting grooves that mate with the punch 8 and the rack 11, respectively. After the punch 8, pressure plate 9, and rack 11 are assembled, the guide hole of the pressure plate 9 is fitted with the guide post 10, and simultaneously, the punch 8 is inserted into the channel of the die 6.

[0037] Select a knurling wheel of appropriate diameter and pattern type based on the material being prepared and the desired surface microstructure (as shown in the attached image). Figure 3 (The horizontal, diagonal, and vertical stripes shown).

[0038] The metal bar to be processed is placed in the cavity of the die, and the metal sheet 2 is placed in the push groove of the base and pressed by the knurling wheel. Then, the punch, pressure plate, guide post and rack are adjusted to the appropriate position after they are matched. When the assembly is completed and the preparation is ready, the metal laminate preparation device starts to work. The press applies displacement to the pressure plate 9, and the punch and rack move downward synchronously. The metal bar undergoes plastic deformation through the die core. The rack drives the gear shaft to drive the knurling wheel to rotate synchronously, processing the surface of the metal sheet while pushing it forward for feeding. The pressure plate 9 continues to move downward, and the flowing metal bar 7 contacts and combines with the surface-treated sheet 2. It is continuously extruded forward along the channel formed between the base 1 and the die core 5. The metal bar flowing out of the die core extrusion channel combines with the surface-treated metal sheet at the die core exit and continuously moves towards the laminate groove and push groove exit. After the laminate that meets the length requirements is prepared, the press is stopped, the prepared laminate is cut, and the laminate preparation is completed.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the surface pretreatment component has two main functions: first, to complete the microstructure processing (knurling) of the metal sheet surface; and second, to provide some assistance to the feeding of the metal sheet during the extrusion process.

[0040] This invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment described above. Anyone inspired by this invention can derive various other forms of apparatus and methods for preparing heterogeneous metal laminates with surface pretreatment. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should be considered within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. Apparatus for the production of a heterogeneous metal laminate with surface pre-treatment, characterized in that: The device comprises a base and a concave die fixed above the base, the upper end surface of the base is provided with a transversely extending pushing groove, the upper end of the concave die is provided with a pressing plate, the lower end of the pressing plate is fixed with a punch, a vertical through hole is formed in the concave die to form a pressing cavity for the punch, a die core is arranged between the lower end of the pressing cavity and the base to form an extrusion channel; a cavity is formed in the concave die for installing a surface pretreatment assembly, the surface pretreatment assembly comprises a gear shaft, a knurled wheel is coaxially arranged on the gear shaft, the lower end of the pressing plate is fixed with a vertically downward extending rack, the end surface of the gear shaft is provided with a tooth for engaging with the rack; The rack is slidably connected with the concave die and the base, the base is fixed with a rack guide rail extending vertically for guiding the back side of the rack.

2. The apparatus for preparing a heterogeneous metal laminate with surface pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized by: The die core is fixed with the base, and the bottom of the die core is provided with a joint plate groove communicating with the bottom of the extrusion channel.

3. The apparatus for preparing a heterogeneous metal laminate with a surface pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized by: The base and the concave die are fixed by a vertically extending connecting plate.

4. The apparatus for preparing a heterogeneous metal laminate with a surface pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized by: Two bearing seats are fixed on the base in the cavity, the gear shaft is rotatably connected with the base through the bearing seats, and the lower end of the knurled wheel is in surface contact with the upper end surface of the metal plate in the pushing groove through the knurled pattern.

5. The apparatus for preparing a heterogeneous metal laminate with a surface pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized by: The extrusion channel in the die core is a tapered channel structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom and extends obliquely downward from back to front.

6. The apparatus for preparing a heterogeneous metal laminate with a surface pretreatment according to claim 1, characterized by: Two vertically extending guide columns are fixed on the top of the concave die, the top ends of the guide columns are slidably connected with the pressing plate to guide the pressing plate.

7. Method for operating a device for producing a heterogeneous metal laminate with a surface pre-treatment, characterized in that The device for preparing a heterogeneous metal laminated plate with surface pretreatment is used, and the following steps are performed: the metal rod to be processed is placed in the pressing cavity of the concave die, the metal plate is placed in the pushing groove of the base and is pressed by the knurled wheel, then the punch, the pressing plate, the guide column and the rack are matched and adjusted to the appropriate position, then the downward pressure is applied to the pressing plate, the punch and the rack move downward synchronously, the metal rod is plastically deformed in the die core, the rack drives the gear shaft to rotate synchronously, the surface of the metal plate is processed and moved forward at the same time, the metal rod flowing out of the extrusion channel of the die core is combined with the metal plate after surface treatment at the outlet of the die core and continuously moves to the joint plate groove and the pushing groove outlet, and the joint plate preparation is completed.

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