Single-rotor sea and air vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a single-rotor sea-air vehicle, which can adjust the angles of four rudders by a motor, realizes different working condition adjustment in different media, has the ability of air flight, underwater diving, water-air medium conversion and high maneuverability. The application can adjust the propelling force by controlling the rotating speeds of four pump-jet propellers, and has higher flexibility by cooperating with the four rudders which can be adjusted arbitrarily. The application is very suitable for underwater diving, can realize underwater rapid diving by the pump-jet propeller, realizes deeper water depth work and expands the operation range. The diameter of the propeller of the application is similar to the total length of the fuselage, and the ratio can fully utilize the gain of the near surface effect, thereby providing additional lift. When the application moves in water, the propeller rotates freely by using the wake generated by the movement of the vehicle, plays the role of energy-saving guide wheel and saves energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to transdomain vehicles, specifically a single-rotor transdomain vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The sea-air vehicle is a new concept unmanned motion platform that can cruise amphibiously in the air and water and freely cross the water-air interface, combining the functions of an air vehicle and an underwater vehicle.

[0003] It boasts comprehensive functions and a wide range of applications. It can be applied to the military battlefield, fully leveraging the speed advantage of aircraft and the underwater stealth advantage of submarines. It can acquire air-sea boundary layer data, providing a highly mobile, continuous, cross-domain observation system with low cost, high precision, reusability, and autonomous mobility.

[0004] Most existing naval and air vehicles are either fixed-wing or multi-rotor. Fixed-wing vehicles have lower energy consumption and higher flight speeds in the air; however, their maneuverability and controllability are inferior to multi-rotor vehicles, and they cannot achieve low-speed flight or hovering; they can only perform cross-medium movement at high speeds. Multi-rotor vehicles possess highly maneuverable flight characteristics and stable vertical cross-medium capabilities; they have stable low-speed flight, vertical takeoff and landing, and hovering capabilities. However, their slower flight speed and higher power consumption limit their flight range. Currently existing naval and air vehicle prototypes have limited diving depth and poor underwater maneuverability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a single-rotor sea-air vehicle that uses a single rotor, has flight capability, vertical take-off and landing capability, achieves better maneuverability and operability, and can achieve deeper water depth and underwater maneuverability.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A single-rotor sea-air vehicle includes a non-watertight compartment, a watertight compartment, a propeller, a propeller motor, a propeller shaft, a rudder mechanism motor, a pump-jet propulsion unit, a rudder mechanism shaft, a compartment partition, a battery, a flight control board, and a rudder mechanism.

[0008] The watertight compartment contains battery modules, propeller motors, and propeller shafts, while the non-watertight compartment contains battery modules, rudder mechanism motors, a flight control board, and rudder mechanism shafts. The propeller motors connect to the propeller, and the rudder mechanism motors connect to the rudder mechanism. The rudder mechanism includes four rudders driven by rudder mechanism motors, rotating 360° around the rudder mechanism shaft. Pump-jet propulsion units are mounted on each of the four rudders. Two batteries in the watertight compartment are connected to five motors via different cables, which in turn connect to the pump-jet propulsion units. The flight control board in the non-watertight compartment has cables connecting to the pump-jet propulsion units, propellers, and rudder motors for operational control. The rudder mechanism is connected to the compartment partition via rudder mechanism motors, and the flight control board controls the motors to adjust the angle and rotate the rudder mechanism to meet angle requirements under different operating conditions.

[0009] Furthermore, the pump-jet propulsion unit is powered by an independent battery and is not connected to the two battery modules inside the cabin.

[0010] Furthermore, the five motors include four rudder mechanism motors and one propeller motor.

[0011] Furthermore, the main body of the aircraft is designed with a teardrop shape, with a parallel section added at the maximum radius; the teardrop-shaped compartment near the bow of the parallel section is a non-watertight compartment, and the teardrop-shaped compartment near the stern of the parallel section is a watertight compartment.

[0012] Furthermore, the rudder mechanism, propeller, rudder mechanism motor, and propeller motor enable forward movement, hovering, and turning in the air.

[0013] Furthermore, when the aircraft is in motion in the air, lift is generated by the propeller, propeller motor and propeller shaft;

[0014] When the vehicle moves underwater, it is driven by a rudder mechanism and a pump-jet propulsion system, and the propeller utilizes the wake to serve as an energy-saving guide wheel.

[0015] When the vehicle switches between entering and exiting the water medium, it utilizes the near-surface effect to increase lift. When moving underwater, the propeller acts as an energy-saving guide wheel. Before exiting the water, it is powered by a pump-jet propulsion system. After exiting the water, it is powered by both the propeller and the pump-jet propulsion system. When entering the water, the propeller and the pump-jet propulsion system reduce the initial entry velocity and minimize the impact of entering the water.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] This invention allows for arbitrary adjustment of the angles of four rudder plates via motors, enabling different operating conditions in various media. It possesses capabilities for aerial flight, underwater submersion, and water-to-air medium switching, exhibiting high maneuverability. The invention adjusts propulsion by controlling the rotational speed of four pump-jet propulsion units, combined with the four arbitrarily adjustable rudder plate mechanism, providing greater flexibility. This invention is ideally suited for underwater submersion, utilizing pump-jet propulsion to achieve rapid underwater descent, enabling operations at greater depths and expanding the operational range. The propeller diameter is close to the overall fuselage length, a proportion that fully utilizes the near-surface effect gain, thereby providing additional lift. When moving in water, the propeller utilizes the wake generated by the vehicle's motion to rotate freely, acting as an energy-saving guide wheel and conserving energy. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main body and rotor structure of the single-rotor aircraft of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rudder mechanism of the single-rotor sea-air vehicle of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the single-rotor sea-air vehicle of the present invention hovering in mid-air;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the single-rotor sea-air vehicle of the present invention in flight mode.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater navigation operation of the single-rotor sea-air vehicle of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a front view of the single-rotor sea-air vehicle of the present invention in water entry and exit conditions;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the single-rotor sea and air vehicle of the present invention in water entry and exit conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1-7A single-rotor sea-air vehicle includes a non-watertight compartment 1, a watertight compartment 2, a propeller 3, a propeller motor 4, a propeller shaft 5, a rudder mechanism motor 6, a pump-jet propulsion system 7, a rudder mechanism shaft 10, a compartment partition 11, a battery, a flight control board, and a rudder mechanism. The rudder mechanism motor 6 is connected to the rudder mechanism, and the propeller motor 4 is connected to the propeller 3. The watertight compartment 2 contains some battery modules, the propeller motor 4, and the propeller shaft 5. The non-watertight compartment 1 contains some battery modules, the rudder mechanism motor 6, the flight control board, and the rudder mechanism shaft 10. The rudder mechanism includes rudder plates A901, B902, C903, and D904, driven by the rudder mechanism motor 6, and can rotate 360° around the rudder mechanism shaft 10. Inside the watertight compartment 2, two batteries are connected to five motors via different cables, and the motors are connected to the pump-jet propulsion system 7. The pump-jet propulsion unit 7 is powered by an independent battery and is not connected to the two battery modules inside the cabin. The internal flight control board has cables that connect to the pump-jet propulsion unit 7, propeller 3, and rudder motor 6 for operational control.

[0027] The hull of the aforementioned sea and air vehicle is designed with a teardrop shape, with a parallel section added at the maximum radius. The diameter at the maximum radius is approximately 20% of the total length of the main body; the non-watertight compartment 1 accounts for approximately 40% of the total length of the main body, and the watertight compartment 2 accounts for approximately 60% of the total length of the main body.

[0028] In the aforementioned air-to-sea vehicle, the propeller 3, propeller motor 4, and propeller shaft 5 are driven by the propeller motor 4 within the watertight compartment 2, causing the propeller 3 to rotate. The propeller 3 exhibits a noticeable near-surface effect when its distance from the water surface does not exceed its diameter. Since the propeller diameter is close to the overall length of the vehicle, the near-surface effect begins to exert its maximum effect upon exiting the water. As the vehicle moves further out of the water, the gain effect of the near-surface effect gradually decreases, becoming more pronounced when the vehicle is within half its total length above the water. Once the entire vehicle has exited the water, the near-surface effect completely disappears.

[0029] The rudder mechanism in the aforementioned air-sea vehicle is connected to the compartment partition 11 via rudder mechanism motor 6. The flight control board controls the motor to adjust the angle and rotate the rudder mechanism to meet angle requirements under different operating conditions. Pump-jet propulsion units 7 are mounted on rudder plates A901, B902, C903, and D904, and are independently powered by internal batteries. Thrust is adjusted by controlling the rotational speed of the pump-jet propulsion units 7 via the flight control board. The compartment partition 11 secures the rudder mechanism motor 6. The watertight control box 8 houses the flight control board and some batteries.

[0030] The single-rotor sea-air vehicle described above has both hovering and flight modes when it is in the air.

[0031] During hovering, the angles of rudder plates B902 and C903 of the rudder mechanism are adjusted according to the different rotational speeds of propeller 3. The airflow generated by propeller 3 forms a rotational torque with it, achieving torque balance. At this time, the thrust generated by propeller 3 is balanced with gravity, and the single-rotor air-to-sea vehicle achieves force balance, maintaining stability in the air and maintaining hovering.

[0032] During flight, adjusting the angles of rudder plates B902 and C903 in the rudder mechanism creates a rotational torque with the airflow generated by propeller 3, achieving torque balance. Adjusting the angles of rudder plates A901 and D904 in the rudder mechanism creates forward thrust with the airflow generated by propeller 3, allowing the single-rotor sea-air vehicle to enter flight mode. The vehicle achieves steering by changing the magnitude of the rotational torque through adjusting the angles of rudder plates B902 and C903 in the rudder mechanism.

[0033] When the single-rotor sea-air vehicle moves in water, the four rudder plates of the rudder mechanism rotate to the opposite angle to the hovering state in the air. The propeller 3 stops being used and does not serve as a propulsion mechanism. The wake is used to act as an energy-saving guide wheel, and the propulsion is provided by the pump-jet propulsion unit 7. By rotating the rudder mechanism, the direction of the thrust of the pump-jet propulsion unit 7 can be changed, thereby achieving underwater turning.

[0034] In the aforementioned sea-and-air vehicle, the arrangement of the watertight compartment 2 and the non-watertight compartment 1 during the transition between water and air medium provides the single-rotor sea-and-air vehicle with its own restoring torque. When preparing to emerge from the water, the four rudders rotate to the corresponding angles via the pivot shaft, the pump-jet propulsion unit 7 provides all the thrust, and the propeller 3 begins to rotate after exiting the water, working in conjunction with the pump-jet propulsion unit to provide lift and achieve the vehicle's emergence from the water. When the vehicle re-enters the water, the pump-jet propulsion unit begins to generate thrust after entering the water, and the propeller 3 gradually stops working, reducing the initial entry velocity. This reduces the impact of the vehicle entering the water and lowers the risk of structural damage caused by the propeller 3 rotating too fast and impacting the water surface.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-rotor sea-air vehicle, characterized in that: The components include a non-watertight compartment (1), a watertight compartment (2), a propeller (3), a propeller motor (4), a propeller shaft (5), a rudder mechanism motor (6), a pump-jet propulsion unit (7), a rudder mechanism shaft (10), a compartment partition (11), a battery, a flight control board, and a rudder mechanism; the watertight compartment (2) contains a battery module, a propeller motor (4), and a propeller shaft (5), while the non-watertight compartment (1) contains a battery module, a rudder mechanism motor (6), a flight control board, and a rudder mechanism shaft (10). The propeller motor (4) is connected to the propeller (3), and the rudder mechanism motor (6) is connected to the rudder mechanism; the rudder mechanism includes 4 rudder plates, driven by the rudder mechanism motor (6), rotating 360° around the rudder mechanism shaft (10); each of the 4 rudder plates is equipped with a pump-jet propulsion unit (7); the two batteries in the watertight compartment (2) are connected to the five motors respectively through different cables, the five motors including 4 rudder mechanism motors (6) and 1 propeller motor (4); the non-watertight compartment (1) is connected to the propeller (3). The flight control board is connected to the pump-jet propulsion unit (7), propeller (3), and rudder mechanism motor (6) for operating condition control. The rudder mechanism is connected to the cabin partition plate (11) through the rudder mechanism motor (6). The flight control board controls the motor to adjust the angle and rotate the rudder mechanism to meet the angle requirements under different operating conditions. When the vehicle moves in the air, the propeller (3), propeller motor (4), and propeller shaft (5) generate lift. When the vehicle moves underwater, it is driven by the rudder mechanism and pump-jet propulsion unit (7). The propeller (3) uses the wake to play the role of an energy-saving guide wheel. When the vehicle changes between entering and exiting the water medium, it uses the near-surface effect to increase the lift. When moving underwater, the propeller (3) plays the role of an energy-saving guide wheel. Before exiting the water, the pump-jet propulsion unit (7) provides power. After exiting the water, the propeller (3) and the pump-jet propulsion unit (7) provide power together. When entering the water, the propeller (3) and the pump-jet propulsion unit (7) reduce the initial speed of entering the water and reduce the impact of entering the water.

2. A single-rotor sea-air vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pump-jet propulsion unit (7) is powered by an independent battery and is not connected to the two battery modules inside the cabin.

3. A single-rotor sea-air vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the aircraft is designed with a teardrop shape and a parallel section added at the maximum radius; the teardrop-shaped compartment near the bow of the parallel section is a non-watertight compartment (1), and the teardrop-shaped compartment near the stern of the parallel section is a watertight compartment (2).

4. A single-rotor sea-air vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rudder mechanism, propeller (3), rudder mechanism motor (6) and propeller motor (4) enable forward movement, hovering and turning in the air.

Images