A method for maintaining the seed quality of flue-cured tobacco

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of keeping flue-cured tobacco seed species breeding method, the breeding method includes directional production method, generation breeding method;The directional production method is: with division of production area as unit, different production area provides seed is special or is exclusive, this seed special supply mode is directional production method;The generation breeding method is: refers to the seed of breeder is expanded, then in the single plant of expansion field is carried out continuously selection, every 3 years seed is once for a generation, this mode is generation breeding method.The method of the present application is generation breeding method, compared with the good breeding method of prior art, using the method of the present application can significantly keep the variety of flue-cured tobacco and the good adaptability of continuity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco seed breeding method, and particularly relates to a breeding method for keeping the seed property of flue-cured tobacco. BACKGROUND

[0002] For many years, the sterile line of flue-cured tobacco has been promoted in the whole province of Yunnan. The sterile line of flue-cured tobacco is provided by the breeding line for large-scale use in production, and the initial source of the breeding line is the seed (i.e. the original original seed) bred by a breeder or the seed (i.e. the original seed) produced from the original original seed. At the beginning, the sterile line of flue-cured tobacco can not only control the free breeding of tobacco farmers, but also is the best protection method for the intellectual property right of the breeder. However, through years of production practice, it is found that the use of the sterile line of flue-cured tobacco in production shows the seed property degeneration. Therefore, a breeding method for flue-cured tobacco is urgently needed, which can delay the degeneration cycle of the breeding line of flue-cured tobacco, prolong the extension life of the sterile line of flue-cured tobacco, and ensure that the provided seed can meet the needs of high-quality tobacco production. SUMMARY

[0003] The application is exactly to solve the above-mentioned problems and defects, and provides a breeding method for keeping the seed property of flue-cured tobacco.

[0004] The application adopts the following technical scheme.

[0005] The breeding method for keeping the seed property of flue-cured tobacco comprises a directional production method and a generation breeding method.

[0006] The directional production method is that the production area is divided in units of prefecture-level cities, and the seeds provided by different production areas are special or exclusive, and the seed supply mode is the directional production method.

[0007] The generation breeding method is that the seed of a breeder is expanded, and then single plant continuous selection is carried out in the expanded field, and the seed is saved once every 3 years as a generation, and the method is the generation breeding method.

[0008] The breeding method comprises the directional production method and the generation breeding method.

[0009] The generation breeding method comprises that the seed of flue-cured tobacco is used for only 3 years in each generation.

[0010] The breeding method comprises a first generation seed G1 breeding method.

[0011] The first year, the breeder seed, i.e., the original original seed, is concentratedly planted in 30-50 mu in a representative area within the scope of a main tobacco producing area, the planting density is consistent with the matching cultivation technology of a local variety, at the group seedling stage, the present budding stage, the central flower opening stage to the seed collecting stage, 100 plants, 50 plants, 30 plants, and finally reduced to 10 plants are gradually eliminated, and finally 10 plants are kept for seed saving at the seed collecting stage and recorded as F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9 and F10; the 10 plants are clean and disease-free and have strong growth; meanwhile, the initial quality of F1-F10 cured tobacco leaves (the quality is smoking quality) is evaluated, and the single plant with a high degree of consistency in the initial quality with the original original seed is kept;

[0012] The second year, the remaining strains of the F generation are planted in 10 mu in the same area, and a single plant with strong growth and clean and disease-free is selected for seed saving according to the selection method of the first year, and recorded as S1, S2 and S3; the initial quality of the cured tobacco leaves of the seed saving plants is evaluated, and the single plant with a high degree of consistency in the initial quality with the original original seed is kept;

[0013] The third year, the remaining strains of the S generation are planted in 10 mu in the same area, and a single plant is selected according to the methods of the first and second years, and recorded as T1, T2 and T3; the initial quality of the cured tobacco leaves of the seed saving plants is evaluated, and the single plant with a high degree of consistency in the initial quality with the original original seed is kept as a mixed strain for propagation. The seed of the T generation is used as the only source of seed for field production in the next year and recorded as TG1.

[0014] The breeding method includes a second generation seed G2: the mixed strain left by the TG1 generation is concentratedly planted in 30-50 mu, the planting density is consistent with the matching cultivation technology of a local variety, and the subsequent operation procedures are completely consistent with the breeding method of the TG1 generation seed, and finally the seed for field production is recorded as TG2.

[0015] The representative area is representative in altitude and soil, i.e., the altitude and soil can represent more than 60% of the planting area in the producing area.

[0016] The breeding method includes:

[0017] G0 generation (breeder seed): the first 3 years of propagation for field production;

[0018] G1 generation (first generation elite): the fourth to sixth years of propagation for field production;

[0019] G2 generation (second generation elite): the seventh to ninth years of propagation for field production;

[0020] G3 generation (third generation of improved varieties): the 10th to 12th year of expansion for field production;

[0021] G4 generation (fourth generation of improved varieties): the 13th to 15th year of expansion for field production;

[0022] G5 generation (fifth generation of improved varieties): the 16th to 18th year of expansion for field production.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present application are: 1) using the breeding method of the present application, the cultivation of the variety can be maintained for a long time, and there is no degeneration of the variety in the 6th and 9th years. Compared with the existing traditional method, the degeneration phenomenon occurs in the 6th year, mainly manifested as the decrease of cultivation year by year, growth, uniformity, natural plant height, maximum waist leaf length and width, etc.

[0024] 2) Using the breeding method of the present application, the variety and regional adaptability can be maintained for a long time, and there is no degeneration of the variety in the 6th and 9th years. In the field, the main performance is that the disease resistance and economy maintain a good level; the internal quality of tobacco leaf mainly shows that it is continuously praised by the counterpart industrial enterprises. Compared with the existing traditional method, the degeneration phenomenon occurs in the 6th year, which is basically not suitable for production requirements, and the 9th year is completely not suitable for production requirements. The main performance is that the disease resistance and economy decrease year by year, and the industrial satisfaction decreases.

[0025] 3) Using the breeding method of the present application, the clear sweet aroma and quality characteristics of tobacco leaf can be maintained for a long time, and there is no obvious fluctuation in the 6th and 9th years. Compared with the existing traditional method, the degeneration phenomenon occurs in the 6th year, that is, the clear sweet aroma and quality characteristics are weakened, and the 9th year is further weakened than the 6th year.

[0026] The present application is further explained in conjunction with the specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] I. Main principle and breeding method:

[0028] (I) Main principle: Darwin's theory of natural evolution, use and discard.

[0029] (II) Field flue-cured tobacco seed propagation method:

[0030] Traditional propagation method: implement improved seed propagation method, referred to as "good propagation". That is, the seeds of breeders (referred to as original seeds) are expanded (referred to as original seeds), and then stored under low temperature or super low temperature drying conditions, and the seeds expanded from the original seeds are referred to as improved seeds.

[0031] The method of the present application: completely different from the traditional method, is to use "directional, generation breeding method", referred to as "generation breeding". That is, according to different regions to implement directional breeding and directional seed supply, every 3 years to update a generation, every generation only uses 3 years, and the seed for field production is called "generation breeding seed". The specific breeding process of the method of the present application is as follows:

[0032] The "generation breeding" is a combination of "directional production method" and "generation breeding method". Their specific meanings are as follows:

[0033] Directional production method: refers to dividing production areas by provinces, and the seeds provided by different production areas are specific or exclusive. This seed supply method is called "directional production method".

[0034] Generation breeding method: refers to expanding the seeds of breeders, then continuously selecting single plants in the expanded field, and leaving seeds once every 3 years as a generation. This method is called "generation breeding method".

[0035] The "generation breeding" is a combination of "directional production method" and "generation breeding method".

[0036] Taking T1 generation breeding as an example, it is implemented as follows:

[0037] First generation seed (G1) breeding method:

[0038] In the first year, the breeder seeds (i.e. "original original seed") are concentrated in 30-50 mu in the representative areas (altitude is representative, soil is representative, i.e. altitude and soil can represent more than 60% of the planting area in the production area) within the main tobacco production area. The planting density (row spacing) is consistent with the matching cultivation technology of local varieties. From the cluster stage, the budding stage, the central flower opening stage to the seed collection stage, through the gradual "progressive" elimination method, from 100 plants, 50 plants, 30 plants, to finally reduce to 10 plants, and finally at the seed collection stage, 10 plants (clear and strong without disease) are saved, recorded as F1, F2, …… F10; At the same time, the internal quality (i.e. evaluation quality) of the primary flue-cured tobacco leaves of F1-F10 is evaluated, and the single plant with high consistency of internal quality with the original original seed is saved.

[0039] In the second year, the remaining strains of F generation are planted in 10 mu in the same area; according to the "selection method of the first year", one "strong and clear without disease" tobacco plant is selected from each strain for seed saving (recorded as S1, S2, ……); the internal quality of the primary flue-cured tobacco leaves of these seed saving plants is evaluated at the same time, and the single plant with high consistency of internal quality with the original original seed is saved;

[0040] The third year, the S generation remaining in the same area of 10 acres of each plant, and then according to the first year, the second way to choose a single plant (marked as T1, T2, …); simultaneously on the initial quality of these seed plants of flue-cured tobacco evaluation, the internal quality and the original original seed to maintain a high degree of consistency of single plant left down, as a hybrid strain to expand. T generation of seed, as the only source of seed for the next year in the field of production, marked as TG1.

[0041] This is called "generation breeding method", that is, the third year of the seed in the corresponding production area, after the internal quality evaluation, seed expansion in winter, to provide for the next three consecutive years.

[0042] The second generation of seed (G2): the mixed strain left by TG1 generation is planted in 30-50 acres, and the planting density (row spacing) is consistent with the matching cultivation technology of local varieties. The subsequent operation procedures are completely consistent with the breeding method of TG1 generation seed, and the seed for field production is marked as TG2.

[0043] In turn, the third generation of seed for field production is marked as TG3, and the fourth generation of seed for field production is marked as TG4, ….

[0044] G0 generation (breeder's seed): expanded to provide field production for 1-3 years;

[0045] G1 generation (first generation of elite): expanded to provide field production for 4-6 years;

[0046] G2 generation (second generation of elite): expanded to provide field production for 7-9 years;

[0047] G3 generation (third generation of elite): expanded to provide field production for 10-12 years;

[0048] G4 generation (fourth generation of elite): expanded to provide field production for 13-15 years;

[0049] G5 generation (fifth generation of elite): expanded to provide field production for 16-18 years;

[0050] …

[0051] In turn. A flue-cured tobacco variety can be used from G4 to G5 generation since its birth, as long as the ecological adaptability and internal quality of flue-cured tobacco elite have not changed substantially, it can be continuously propagated according to this breeding method.

[0052] Through production tracking, verify the application effect of "good breeding" and "generation breeding" in production. The specific method is as follows:

[0053] Take good breeding as a control, the performance of "generation breeding" in its oriented production area is tracked and investigated every year: first, through the visit of tobacco farmers, mainly aiming at the cultivation, disease resistance, economic nature and yield; second, the quality of flue-cured tobacco is tracked; third, the allocation of tobacco and the feedback of application effect are tracked.

[0054] Table 1: Field production application "cultivation" tracking evaluation table of different breeding methods of a certain flue-cured tobacco variety

[0055]

[0056] From the above table 1, it can be seen that:

[0057] The effect of seeds produced by traditional method (good breeding): degeneration phenomenon appeared in the 6th year, mainly showing that the cultivation decreased year by year, the growth potential, uniformity, natural plant height, maximum waist leaf length and width and other indexes decreased;

[0058] The effect of seeds produced by the method of the application (generation breeding): the cultivation of the variety can be maintained for a long time, and no degeneration phenomenon appeared in the 6th and 9th years.

[0059] Table 2: Field production application "disease resistance and curing property" tracking evaluation table of different breeding methods of a certain flue-cured tobacco variety

[0060]

[0061] From the above table 2, it can be seen that:

[0062] The effect of seeds produced by traditional method (good breeding): degeneration phenomenon appeared in the 6th year, basically not suitable for production requirements, and completely not suitable for production requirements in the 9th year. Mainly showing that the disease resistance and economic nature decreased year by year, and the industrial satisfaction decreased;

[0063] The effect of seeds produced by the method of the application (generation breeding): the variety and regional adaptability can be maintained for a long time, and no degeneration phenomenon appeared in the 6th and 9th years. Mainly showing that the disease resistance and economic nature maintained a good level in the field; the internal quality of tobacco mainly showed that it was continuously praised by the counterpart industrial enterprises.

[0064] Table 3: Field production application "tobacco internal quality" tracking evaluation table of different breeding methods of a certain flue-cured tobacco variety

[0065]

[0066] From the above table 3, it can be seen that:

[0067] The effect of seeds produced by traditional method (good breeding): degeneration phenomenon appeared in the 6th year, that is, the clean sweet aroma and quality characteristics were weakened, and the weakening was further in the 9th year than in the 6th year.

[0068] The seed produced by the method of the present application (the generation of seed) has the effect that the clean sweet aroma and quality characteristics of the tobacco leaves can be maintained for a longer period of time, and no significant fluctuations in the 6th and 9th years of cultivation have occurred.

[0069] The above only describes some specific embodiments of the present application (as the present application includes numerical ranges, the embodiments cannot be exhausted, and the protection scope recorded in the present application includes the numerical ranges and other technical key points of the present application), and the specific contents of the scheme known in the art or common sense are not described in detail here (including but not limited to abbreviations, abbreviations, units commonly used in the art). It should be pointed out that the above embodiments do not limit the present application in any way, and any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation for those skilled in the art falls within the protection scope of the present application. The protection scope claimed in the present application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments recorded in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A breeding method for maintaining the seed quality of flue-cured tobacco, characterized by, The breeding method adopts a combination of directional production and generation breeding; Directional breeding and directional seed supply are implemented according to different regions, and a generation is updated every 3 years, and only 3 years are used for each generation; The directional production method is that the production areas are divided in units of prefectures, and the seeds provided by different production areas are specific or exclusive, and the specific seed supply mode is the directional production method; The generation breeding method is that the breeder's seeds are expanded, and then single plant continuous selection is carried out in the expanded field, and seeds are saved once every 3 years as a generation, and this method is the generation breeding method; The breeding method includes a first generation seed G1 breeding method: In the first year, the breeder's seeds, i.e. the original original seeds, are concentratedly planted in 30-50 mu in the representative areas within the main tobacco producing areas, and the planting density is consistent with the matching cultivation technology of the local variety; from the cluster period, the budding period, the central flower opening period to the seed collection period, through the gradual elimination method, from 100 plants, 50 plants, 30 plants, finally reduced to 10 plants, and finally at the seed collection period, the 10 plants are saved and recorded as F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9 and F10; the 10 plants are clean and disease-free, and have strong growth; at the same time, the internal quality of the primary cured tobacco leaves of F1-F10 is evaluated, and the single plant with high consistency in internal quality with the original original seeds is saved; In the second year, the remaining strains of F generation are planted in 10 mu in the same area, and a "strong growth, clean and disease-free" tobacco plant is selected for seed saving from each strain according to the "selection method of the first year"; and the initial quality of the primary cured tobacco leaves of these seed saving plants is evaluated, and the single plant with high consistency in internal quality with the original original seeds is saved; In the third year, the remaining strains of S generation are planted in 10 mu in the same area, and a single plant is selected according to the methods of the first and second years; and the initial quality of the primary cured tobacco leaves of these seed saving plants is evaluated, and the single plant with high consistency in internal quality with the original original seeds is saved as a mixed strain for expansion; the seeds expanded from the T generation are used as the only seed source for field production in the next year, and are recorded as TG1; The second generation seed G2: the mixed strains left by the TG1 generation are concentratedly planted in 30-50 mu, the planting density is consistent with the matching cultivation technology of the local variety, and the subsequent operation procedures are completely consistent with the breeding method of the TG1 generation seed, and the seeds provided for field production are recorded as TG2; In turn, the third generation seed provided for field production is recorded as TG3, and the fourth generation seed provided for field production is recorded as TG4.

2. The breeding method of claim 1, wherein the seed of the flue-cured tobacco is maintained. The representative areas are representative in altitude and soil, i.e. the altitude and soil can represent more than 60% of the planting area in the production area.

3. The method for breeding of flue-cured tobacco seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quality is the evaluation and smoking quality.

4. The method for breeding of flue-cured tobacco seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The breeding method includes: G0 generation: expansion for 1-3 years for field production; G1 generation: expansion for 4-6 years for field production; G2 generation: expansion for 7-9 years for field production; G3 generation: expansion for 10-12 years for field production; G4 generation: the 13th to 15th year of expansion for field production; G5 generation: the 16th to 18th year of expansion for field production.

Images