System and Method for High-Purity Medium Management and Thermal Management of a Low-Temperature Particle Detector

Abstract

The present invention provides a system and method for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector. The system includes a rectification and purification module, a chemical purification module, a cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module, and a cryogenic particle detector module. The rectification and purification module is used to rectify and purify a liquid medium raw material to form a first gaseous medium; the cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module is used to cool the first gaseous medium and form a first liquid medium; the cryogenic particle detector module is used to detect rare event signals. The medium buffer of this module receives the first liquid medium, adjusts its pressure value and temperature value to reach preset values, and then injects it into the cryogenic particle detector; the chemical purification module is used to chemically purify the gasification of the liquid medium from the cryogenic particle detector. The present invention can effectively improve the energy utilization rate of the system, increase the circulating purification flow rate of the target substance of the cryogenic particle detector, and improve the medium purification effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of cryogenic detectors using two-phase high-purity media, and particularly to a system and method for high-purity media management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector. Background Art

[0002] Rare event particle detection experiments such as dark matter and neutrino experiments represented by the PandaX experiment are becoming larger and larger in scale. The key material of their detectors is high-purity xenon. Currently, the amount of xenon used in mainstream detectors at home and abroad is in the order of 5 to 10 tons, while the planned next-generation detectors require dozens or even hundreds of tons of xenon. The detectors need to operate at about 178K. Xenon can currently only be extracted from the atmosphere through large air separation plants. The proportion of xenon in the atmosphere is about one in ten million, so the annual output of xenon is extremely limited and very expensive. The experimental group needs to accumulate for many years to obtain enough xenon for experiments, and xenon needs to be purified before and during the experiment to remove electronegative impurities such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and inert radioactive impurities such as krypton and radon. Chemical reaction methods and rectification separation methods are used to remove the above different impurities respectively. These purification processes all involve gas-liquid phase changes, consume a lot of heating and cooling, and are proportional to the purification cycle rate. Such rare event detection experiments must be carried out in underground laboratories. In order to improve the purification efficiency of the detection medium xenon, these purification modules also need to be arranged in the underground laboratory for on-line operation. However, the space of the underground laboratory is limited, the construction of the underground laboratory is extremely expensive and time-consuming, and it is also difficult to obtain and use a large amount of liquid nitrogen. Other cold sources in the liquid xenon temperature range must also be carefully calculated to improve the utilization efficiency. In addition, the PandaX series detectors are two-phase cryogenic detectors, and most of the xenon exists in a liquid state, and the temperature stability and pressure stability of the detector need to be maintained. The cyclic purification process will introduce a heat load, which is also the main heat load for the steady-state operation of the detector. And during the operation, the temperature and flow rate of xenon fluctuate, so the introduced heat load also fluctuates. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a high-purity media management and thermal management solution for cryogenic particle detectors from the perspective of the entire system to meet the needs of future large liquid xenon detectors. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a system and method for high-purity media management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a system for high-purity media management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector, the system comprising:

[0005] The rectification and purification module is used to rectify and purify the liquid medium raw material entering the rectification and purification module to form a first gaseous medium and output it. The rectification and purification module includes a low-temperature rectification column, a reboiler, a raw material medium input pipeline, and a gaseous medium output pipeline. The low-temperature rectification column is filled with rectification packing. The raw material medium input pipeline is arranged in the middle of the low-temperature rectification column. The liquid medium raw material enters the rectification and purification module from the raw material medium input pipeline. The reboiler is connected to the bottom end of the low-temperature rectification column. The gaseous medium output pipeline is located at the top of the low-temperature rectification column. And the reboiler is connected with a cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe and a cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe. The first heat exchange medium enters the reboiler from the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe for heat exchange and then is output from the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe;

[0006] The cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module is used to cool the first gaseous medium output from the gaseous medium output pipeline and form a first liquid medium. The cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module includes an evaporator and a first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger. The heat side input end of the evaporator is connected to the gaseous medium output pipeline. The cold side input end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is connected to the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe. The cold side output end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is connected to the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe;

[0007] The low-temperature particle detector module includes a first liquid medium input pipeline, a medium buffer, and a low-temperature particle detector. The first liquid medium input pipeline is connected to the heat side output end of the evaporator via a first valve. The medium buffer of the low-temperature particle detector module receives the first liquid medium input through the first liquid medium input pipeline and the first valve, and after adjusting the pressure value and temperature value of the first liquid medium to reach the preset values, injects it into the low-temperature particle detector; and

[0008] The chemical purification module is used to perform chemical purification treatment on the gasification of the liquid medium from the low-temperature particle detector. The input end of the chemical purification module is connected to the low-temperature particle detector, and the output end of the chemical purification module is connected to the medium buffer and the low-temperature particle detector.

[0009] As an optional technical solution, the system further includes a cold quantity recovery cold head module, which is arranged on the top of the rectification and purification module. The cold quantity recovery cold head module is used to provide part or all of the low-temperature cold source with a constant temperature for the rectification and purification module. The input end of the cold quantity recovery cold head module is connected to the heat side output end of the evaporator of the cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module. The first liquid medium entering the cold quantity recovery cold head module is heated by cold quantity recovery and then enters the medium buffer from the output end of the cold quantity recovery cold head module.

[0010] As an optional technical solution, the cold recovery cold head module includes a second medium input pipeline, a flow regulating valve, a cold recovery cold head, a first temperature sensor, a temperature controller, and a second medium output pipeline;

[0011] The second medium input pipeline and the flow regulating valve are arranged at the input end of the cold recovery cold head module. The input end of the cold recovery cold head module is connected to the hot side output end of the evaporator of the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module via the second medium input pipeline and the flow regulating valve;

[0012] The second medium output pipeline is arranged at the output end of the cold recovery cold head module. The output end of the cold recovery cold head module is connected to the medium buffer via the second medium output pipeline;

[0013] The flow regulating valve receives the control command of the temperature controller;

[0014] The first temperature sensor is arranged at the bottom of the cold recovery cold head, and is used for sensing the first temperature inside the cold recovery cold head and outputting a temperature signal;

[0015] The temperature controller is connected to the first temperature sensor. The temperature controller is used for receiving the temperature signal output by the first temperature sensor, and comparing and judging whether the difference between the first temperature and the first preset temperature is within the preset error range.

[0016] As an optional technical solution, the cold recovery cold head module further includes a heater. The heater is arranged around the bottom of the cold recovery cold head. The heater is electrically connected to the temperature controller. The temperature controller compares the difference between the first temperature and the first preset temperature, and outputs a heating current according to the preset control law to drive the heater to perform a heating function so as to adjust the difference between the first temperature of the cold recovery cold head and the first preset temperature within the error range. If the heating power of the heater is lower than the first preset percentage value of the full power, the temperature controller outputs a control command to increase the opening degree of the flow regulating valve, thereby increasing the cooling power of the first liquid medium to the cold recovery cold head; if the heating power of the heater is higher than the second preset percentage value of the full power, the temperature controller outputs a control command to decrease the opening degree of the flow regulating valve, thereby decreasing the cooling power of the first liquid medium to the cold recovery cold head, wherein the second preset percentage value is greater than the first preset percentage value.

[0017] As an optional technical solution, the chemical purification module includes a second cold recovery heat exchanger, a high-temperature purifier, and a medium liquefaction heat exchanger;

[0018] The cold-side input end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is connected to the cryogenic particle detector via a gear pump. After the liquid medium from the cryogenic particle detector is pressurized by the gear pump, it enters the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger for heat exchange and gasification;

[0019] The input end of the high-temperature purifier is connected to the cold-side output end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger. The gaseous medium from the cold-side output end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger enters the high-temperature purifier for purification treatment. The output end of the high-temperature purifier is connected to the medium buffer via a first branch and a third valve. The output end of the high-temperature purifier is connected to the hot-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger via a second branch and a fourth valve. The output end of the high-temperature purifier is connected to the cryogenic particle detector via a third branch and a fifth valve. By controlling the opening and closing of the third valve, the fourth valve, and the fifth valve, the flow path of the gaseous medium leaving the high-temperature purifier is controlled;

[0020] The hot-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the high-temperature purifier. The hot-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the cryogenic particle detector via a second pipeline and a sixth valve. The hot-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the first liquid medium input pipeline via a third pipeline and a seventh valve. The cold-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to a low-temperature heat exchange medium.

[0021] As an alternative technical solution, the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is the same as the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger. The corresponding relationship is that the cold-side input end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger corresponds to the cold-side input end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger, the cold-side output end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger corresponds to the cold-side output end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger, the hot-side input end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger corresponds to the hot-side input end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger, and the hot-side output end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger corresponds to the hot-side output end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger. The cold-side medium of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger and the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is the target substance of the cryogenic particle detector, and the hot-side medium of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger and the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is the refrigerant of the cold quantity recovery cryogenic refrigeration module; the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is the same as the evaporator. The corresponding relationship is that the cold-side input end of the evaporator corresponds to the cold-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger, the cold-side output end of the evaporator corresponds to the cold-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger, the hot-side input end of the evaporator corresponds to the hot-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger, and the hot-side output end of the evaporator corresponds to the hot-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger. The hot-side medium of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger and the evaporator is the target substance of the cryogenic particle detector, and the cold-side medium of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger and the evaporator is the refrigerant of the cold quantity recovery cryogenic refrigeration module;

[0022] As an alternative technical solution, the hot-side input end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is connected to the cold-side output end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger, and the internal medium of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger and the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is ethanol; the cold-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the hot-side output end of the evaporator, the cold-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the hot-side input end of the evaporator, and the internal medium of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger and the evaporator is ethanol.

[0023] As an optional technical solution, the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module further includes a compressor, a water-cooled heat exchanger, a regenerator, and an expansion valve. Among them, the compressor is used to compress the refrigerant to a high-temperature and high-pressure state; the hot-side input end of the water-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the compressor, and the refrigerant enters the water-cooled heat exchanger for cooling; the hot-side input end of the regenerator is connected to the hot-side output end of the water-cooled heat exchanger, and the cold-side output end of the regenerator is connected to the input end of the compressor. The refrigerant from the water-cooled heat exchanger enters the regenerator for further cooling; the hot-side input end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger is connected to the hot-side output end of the regenerator, and the refrigerant from the regenerator enters the cold recovery heat exchanger for further cooling to below the second temperature; the input end of the expansion valve is connected to the hot-side output end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger, and the refrigerant from the first cold recovery heat exchanger is throttled and evaporated through the expansion valve to obtain the refrigerant at the target temperature; the cold-side input end of the evaporator is connected to the output end of the expansion valve, and the cold-side output end of the evaporator is connected to the cold-side input end of the regenerator.

[0024] As an optional technical solution, the reboiler includes a reboiler inner cylinder and a reboiler heat exchange interlayer;

[0025] The output end of the cold recovery heat exchange medium input pipe is connected to the reboiler heat exchange interlayer. The first heat exchange medium entering the reboiler heat exchange interlayer exchanges heat with the liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder. The liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder absorbs heat and vaporizes. The formed first gaseous medium first completes the rectification process through mass and heat transfer with the liquid medium in the low-temperature rectification column and is then output through the gaseous medium output pipe; the first heat exchange medium is cooled in the reboiler heat exchange interlayer and is transported to the cold-side input end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger of the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module through the cold recovery heat exchange medium output pipe;

[0026] The rectification and purification module further includes an auxiliary heating module. The auxiliary heating module includes an auxiliary heating coil, an auxiliary heating coil input port, an auxiliary heating coil output port, and an auxiliary heating medium temperature sensor. The auxiliary heating coil is arranged in the reboiler inner cylinder and is used to heat the liquid medium in the reboiler; the auxiliary heating medium temperature sensor is arranged at the auxiliary heating coil input port to sense the temperature of the heat exchange medium; the normal-temperature heat exchange medium enters the auxiliary heating coil from the auxiliary heating coil input port, exchanges heat with the liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder, and then outputs from the auxiliary heating coil output port.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector using the system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector as described above. The method includes:

[0028] Step S1, the liquid medium raw material enters the rectification and purification module from the raw material medium input pipeline, undergoes mass and heat transfer with the gaseous medium in the reboiler to achieve rectification and drips into the reboiler. The first heat exchange medium that enters the reboiler from the cold energy recovery heat exchange medium input pipe exchanges heat with the liquid medium in the reboiler. The liquid medium in the reboiler vaporizes, and the formed first gaseous medium first undergoes mass and heat transfer with the liquid medium in the low-temperature rectification column to complete the rectification process and then is output via the gaseous medium output pipeline. The first heat exchange medium is cooled;

[0029] Step S2, the first gaseous medium enters the cold energy recovery low-temperature refrigeration module via the gaseous medium output pipeline. The cooled first heat exchange medium is output to the cold-side input end of the first cold energy recovery heat exchanger of the cold energy recovery low-temperature refrigeration module via the cold energy recovery heat exchange medium output pipe. After heat exchange treatment, the first gaseous medium liquefies to form a first liquid medium, and the first heat exchange medium is heated. The heated first heat exchange medium sequentially returns to the reboiler via the cold-side output end of the first cold energy recovery heat exchanger and the cold energy recovery heat exchange medium input pipe;

[0030] Step S3, the medium buffer of the low-temperature particle detector module receives the first liquid medium input via the first liquid medium input pipeline and the first valve, adjusts the pressure value and temperature value of the first liquid medium to reach the preset values, and then injects it into the low-temperature particle detector.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention combines the low-temperature particle detector module with the rectification and purification module, the chemical purification module, the cold energy recovery low-temperature refrigeration module, and the cold energy recovery cold head module to form a system, connects the medium management and heat management in each module, especially improves the cold energy recovery function of the system, maximizes the energy utilization rate of the system, increases the circulating purification flow rate of the target substance of the low-temperature particle detector, and improves the medium purification effect. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system for high-purity medium management and heat management of the low-temperature particle detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the rectification and purification module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the low-temperature particle detector module and the chemical purification module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cold head for cold recovery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] The markings in the figure are as follows:

[0039] 100, rectification and purification module; 101, low-temperature rectification column; 102, raw material medium input pipeline; 103, gear pump; 104, inner cylinder of reboiler; 105, heat exchange interlayer of reboiler; 106, output port of auxiliary heating coil; 107, gear pump; 108, cold head for cold recovery; 109, auxiliary cooler; 110, cold head; 111, gaseous medium output pipeline; 112, rectification packing; 113, gear pump; 114, cold recovery heat exchange medium input pipe; 115, cold recovery heat exchange medium output pipe; 116, auxiliary heating coil; 121, auxiliary heating medium temperature sensor; 122, first pressure sensor; 123, input port of auxiliary heating coil; 130, reboiler; B, first gaseous medium; C, first heat exchange medium;

[0040] 200, cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module; 201, compressor; 202, water-cooled heat exchanger; 203, regenerator; 204, first cold recovery heat exchanger; 206, expansion valve; 207, evaporator; 208, gear pump; D, first liquid medium;

[0041] 300, Low-temperature particle detector module; 301, First liquid medium input pipeline; 302, First valve; 303, Atomizer; 305, Medium buffer; 306, Second valve; 307, Gear pump; 310, Seventh valve; 311, Second pressure sensor; 312, Second temperature sensor; 313, Third valve; 314, Eighth valve; 315, Ninth valve; 316, Fifth valve; 321, Fourth valve; 322, Second cold energy recovery heat exchanger; 323; Medium liquefaction heat exchanger; 324, High-temperature purifier; 325, Gear pump; 330, Sixth valve; 331, Third pressure sensor; 332, Low-temperature particle detector; 333, Overflow pipe; 334, Overflow chamber; 341, First pipeline; 342, First branch; 343, Second branch; 344, Third branch; 345, Fourth branch; 346, Fifth branch; 347, Second pipeline; 348, Third pipeline; 3451, Atomizer; Chemical purification module 600;

[0042] 400, Cold energy recovery cold head module; 401, Temperature setting signal cable; 402, Temperature controller; 404, Temperature sensing cable; 405, Flow control cable; 406, Flow regulating valve; 407, Second medium output pipeline; 408, Temperature feedback heating cable; 409, Heater; 410, Second medium input pipeline; 411, First temperature sensor. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] To further understand the purpose, structure, features, and functions of the present invention, the following is a detailed description in conjunction with embodiments.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0045] Please refer to Figures 1 - 5 , Figure 1 which is a schematic diagram of the system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of the low-temperature particle detector according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 which is a schematic diagram of the rectification purification module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 which is a schematic diagram of the cold energy recovery low-temperature refrigeration module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 which is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature particle detector module and the chemical purification module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5Schematic diagram of a cold head for cold energy recovery according to an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector, specifically, for example, a system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a two-phase cryogenic particle detector. The system includes a rectification and purification module 100, a cold energy recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200, a cryogenic particle detector module 300, and a chemical purification module 600. In the entire system, in order to ensure the steady operation of the cryogenic particle detector 332 in the cryogenic particle detector module 300, reduce the radioactive background of the target substance of the cryogenic particle detector and the content of other electronegative impurities such as nitrogen and oxygen, in the present invention, the cryogenic particle detector 332 is integrated with the rectification and purification module 100, the chemical purification module 600, and the cold energy recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200, connecting the medium management and thermal management in each module. In particular, the cold energy recovery function is improved, maximizing the energy utilization rate and the effective refrigeration power, greatly increasing the circulation flow rate and output pressure of the target substance, and improving the medium purification effect.

[0046] Specifically, the rectification and purification module 100 includes an auxiliary condenser 109, a low-temperature rectification column 101, a reboiler 130, a raw material medium input pipe 102, and a gaseous medium output pipe 111. The auxiliary condenser 109 is close to the top of the low-temperature rectification column 101. The reboiler 130 is connected to the bottom end of the low-temperature rectification column 101. The low-temperature rectification column 101 is filled with rectification packing 112. The raw material medium input pipe 102 is arranged in the middle of the low-temperature rectification column 101. The gaseous medium output pipe 111 is located at the top of the low-temperature rectification column 101. The rectification and purification module 100 is used to rectify the liquid medium raw material A entering the rectification and purification module 100 from the raw material medium input pipe 102 and form a first gaseous medium B for output. And the reboiler 130 is connected with a cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe 114 and a cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe 115. The first heat exchange medium C enters the heat exchange interlayer 105 of the reboiler from the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe 114 for heat exchange and then is output from the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe 115. The cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 includes an evaporator 207 and a first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger 204. The hot-side input end 2071 of the evaporator 207 is connected to the gaseous medium output pipe 111. The cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 is used to cool the first gaseous medium B output from the gaseous medium output pipe 111 to form a first liquid medium D. The cold-side input end 2041 of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger 204 of the cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 is connected to the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe 115, and the cold-side output end 2042 of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger 204 is connected to the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe 114. The low-temperature particle detector module 300 is used to detect rare event signals. The low-temperature particle detector module 300 includes a first liquid medium input pipe 301, a medium buffer 305, and a low-temperature particle detector 332. The first liquid medium input pipe 301 can be directly connected to the hot-side output end 2072 of the evaporator 207 of the cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 via a first valve 302. The medium buffer 305 of the low-temperature particle detector module 300 receives the first liquid medium D input through the first liquid medium input pipe 301 and the first valve 302, and after adjusting the pressure value and temperature value of the first liquid medium D to reach a preset value, injects it into the low-temperature particle detector 332. Among them, the above preset value is related to the rated working parameters of the low-temperature particle detector 332. For example, in this embodiment, the medium of the low-temperature particle detector 332 is liquid xenon, the rated working temperature is 178K, and the rated pressure is about 0.2MPa.The chemical purification module 600 is used to perform chemical purification on the vaporization of the liquid medium from the cryogenic particle detector 332. The input end of the chemical purification module 600 is connected to the cryogenic particle detector 332, and the output end of the chemical purification module 600 is connected to the medium buffer 305 and the cryogenic particle detector 332. Among them, the principle of the chemical purification module 600 is to use high-purity active metals or alloys to dissolve electronegative impurities such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the medium or to carry out chemical reactions in a high-temperature environment to achieve the purification effect. The liquid medium from the cryogenic particle detector 332 is pressurized by a gear pump and then enters the chemical purification module 600 for chemical purification treatment. The purified medium returns to the cryogenic particle detector 332 or the medium buffer 305 through the output end of the chemical purification module 600. Of course, the system may also include a control module, and the control module is controllably connected to the rectification purification module 100, the chemical purification module 600, the cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200, and the cryogenic particle detector module 300. The above control module uses a PLC controller, for example.

[0047] Among them, in this embodiment, the liquid medium raw material is a liquid xenon raw material, for example, and the rectification purification module 100 is a high-purity xenon rectification column, for example. In addition, the first heat exchange medium C is ethanol, for example, because ethanol has a relatively large specific heat capacity, about 2 kJ / (kg·K). Calculated with a temperature difference of 20 K (Kelvin), a flow rate of 0.5 kg / s can provide a heating or cooling power of 20 kW. Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first heat exchange medium C can also be selected as other fluid media according to the actual working conditions.

[0048] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 , the reboiler 130 includes a reboiler inner cylinder 104 and a reboiler heat exchange interlayer 105. The liquid medium raw material A enters the low-temperature rectification column 101 from the raw material medium input pipe 102 and flows downward under the action of gravity. It fully performs mass and heat transfer with the gaseous medium from the reboiler 130 on the surface of the rectification packing 112 in the low-temperature rectification column 101 to achieve rectification and then drips into the reboiler inner cylinder 104.

[0049] The output end of the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe 114 is connected to the reboiler heat exchange interlayer 105. The first heat exchange medium C entering the reboiler heat exchange interlayer 105 exchanges heat with the liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder 104. The liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder 104 absorbs heat and vaporizes to achieve re-boiling. The formed first gaseous medium B first completes the rectification process through mass and heat transfer with the liquid medium in the low-temperature rectification column 101 and is then output via the gaseous medium output pipe 111. The first heat exchange medium C is cooled in the reboiler heat exchange interlayer 105 and is transported to the cold-side input end 2041 of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger 204 of the cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 via the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe 115.

[0050] Wherein, a gear pump 113 is also arranged between the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe 114 and the reboiler heat exchange interlayer 105. The gear pump 113 is driven by a servo motor, for example, and can conveniently adjust the flow rate to adjust the circulation flow rate of the first heat exchange medium C, that is, to adjust the recovered refrigeration power. That is, the first heat exchange medium C can be recycled between the rectification and purification module 100 and the cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200.

[0051] Moreover, preferably, a gear pump 103 is also arranged on the raw material medium input pipe 102. The gear pump 103 is used to adjust the flow rate of the liquid medium raw material A in the raw material medium input pipe 102.

[0052] In addition, the rectification and purification module 100 further includes an auxiliary heating module. The auxiliary heating module includes an auxiliary heating coil input port 123, an auxiliary heating coil 116, an auxiliary heating medium temperature sensor 121, and an auxiliary heating coil output port 106. And in this embodiment, a gear pump 107 is also arranged at the auxiliary heating coil input port 123 to realize the circulation of the auxiliary heating medium and adjust the flow rate. The auxiliary heating coil 116 is arranged in the reboiler inner cylinder 104 and is used to heat the liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder 104. The auxiliary heating medium temperature sensor 121 is arranged at the auxiliary heating coil input port 123 to sense the temperature of the heat exchange medium and provide necessary temperature information for the control of the auxiliary heating power. The normal-temperature heat exchange medium enters the auxiliary heating coil 116 from the auxiliary heating coil input port 123, exchanges heat with the liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder 104, and is then output from the auxiliary heating coil output port 106. The gear pump 107 is connected to the auxiliary heating coil input port 123 and is used to adjust the input flow rate of the normal-temperature heat exchange medium. In addition, a first pressure sensor 122 is also arranged in the rectification and purification module 100 to sense the pressure of the medium in the low-temperature rectification column 101.

[0053] In practical applications, if the flow rate of the first heat exchange medium C (such as ethanol) input through the cold energy recovery heat exchange medium input pipe 114 is insufficient or the temperature is too low, the evaporation rate of the liquid medium (such as liquid xenon) inside the inner cylinder 104 of the reboiler will be lower than the rated value. Since the auxiliary heating coil 116 is immersed in the liquid xenon inside the inner cylinder 104 of the reboiler and has a very high heat transfer coefficient on its surface, and the heating power is equal to the product of the input flow rate and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet, the auxiliary heating function of the auxiliary heating module can be activated at this time. The auxiliary heating coil input port 123 and the gear pump 107 transport a normal-temperature heat exchange medium (such as normal-temperature ethanol) into the auxiliary heating coil 116, where it undergoes heat exchange with the liquid medium inside the inner cylinder 104 of the reboiler, and then is output from the auxiliary heating coil output port 106. The medium output from the auxiliary heating coil output port 106 has a relatively low temperature and is relatively easy to return to room temperature. For example, it can be passed through a fan heat exchange coil to exchange heat with indoor air and then enter the auxiliary heating coil input port 123 to achieve a closed cycle. The circulation flow rate is determined by the required auxiliary heating power.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, taking the designed rectification capacity of high-purity xenon as 200 g / s as an example, the rated working temperature is 178 K, the working pressure is 0.2 MPa, the heating power of the reboiler is 22 kw, and the rated refrigeration power of the cold head 110 of the rectification and purification module 100 is 2 kw. High-purity xenon enters the rectification packing 112 inside the rectification and purification module 100 in a liquid state through the raw material medium input pipe 102, flows downward under the action of gravity, and undergoes full mass and heat transfer with the gaseous xenon from the reboiler 130 on the surface of the rectification packing 112 to achieve the rectification effect, and finally drips into the inner cylinder 104 of the reboiler. Ethanol (the first heat exchange medium) from the cold energy recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 absorbs heat and heats up, then enters the reboiler heat exchange interlayer 105 through the cold energy recovery heat exchange medium input pipe 114 and after being pressurized by the gear pump 113, where it undergoes heat exchange with the liquid xenon inside the inner cylinder 104 of the reboiler. The liquid xenon absorbs heat and vaporizes to complete the re-boiling function. The formed first gaseous medium B first undergoes mass and heat transfer with the liquid medium in the low-temperature rectification column 101 to complete the rectification process and then is output through the gaseous medium output pipe 111; the ethanol is cooled inside the reboiler heat exchange interlayer 105 and is transported to the cold-side input end 2041 of the first cold energy recovery heat exchanger 204 of the cold energy recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 through the cold energy recovery heat exchange medium output pipe 115.

[0055] In addition, the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 further includes a compressor 201, a water-cooled heat exchanger 202, a recuperator 203, and an expansion valve 206. The compressor 201 is used to compress the refrigerant to a high-temperature and high-pressure state; the hot-side input end 2023 of the water-cooled heat exchanger 202 is connected to the output end of the compressor 201, and the refrigerant enters the water-cooled heat exchanger 202 for cooling. The hot-side input end 2031 of the recuperator 203 is connected to the hot-side output end 2024 of the water-cooled heat exchanger 202, and the cold-side output end 2034 of the recuperator 203 is connected to the input end of the compressor 201. The refrigerant from the water-cooled heat exchanger 202 enters the recuperator 203 for further cooling. The hot-side input end 2043 of the first cold recovery heat exchanger 204 is connected to the hot-side output end 2032 of the recuperator 203, and the refrigerant from the recuperator 203 enters the first cold recovery heat exchanger 204 for further cooling to below the second temperature. The input end of the expansion valve 206 is connected to the hot-side output end 2044 of the first cold recovery heat exchanger 204. The refrigerant from the first cold recovery heat exchanger 204 is throttled and evaporated through the expansion valve 206 to obtain the refrigerant at the target temperature. The cold-side input end 2073 of the evaporator 207 is connected to the output end of the expansion valve 206, and the cold-side output end 2074 of the evaporator 207 is connected to the cold-side input end 2033 of the recuperator 203; the hot-side input end 2071 of the evaporator 207 is connected to the gaseous medium output pipeline 111 of the rectification and purification module 100, and the hot-side output end 2072 of the evaporator 207 is connected to the first liquid medium input pipeline 301 via a gear pump 208, or is first connected to the second medium input pipeline 410 of the cold recovery cold head module 400, and after being heated by cold recovery, it enters the medium buffer 305 through the second medium output pipeline 407.

[0056] Taking the medium raw material xenon as an example, the triple point temperature of xenon is 161K and the vapor pressure is 0.08MPa. The designed refrigeration temperature of the cold quantity recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200 is 155K - 160K. Considering the thermal gradient of the boundary layer during the heat exchange process of the evaporator 207, it can ensure that the xenon in the evaporator 207 does not freeze, and at the same time, a relatively low vapor pressure can be obtained. This evaporator 207 functions similarly to a cryo-adsorption pump, absorbing the gaseous xenon discharged from the gaseous medium output pipeline 111 of the rectification and purification module 100. The rated pressure of the rectification and purification module 100 is 0.2MPa, and there is a pressure difference of about 0.1MPa between the two, which can ensure the flow rate of the gaseous xenon. After the gaseous xenon entering the evaporator 207 is liquefied, the temperature is about 160K - 165K, which is lower than the rated operating temperature of the cryogenic particle detector at 178K. Thus, the first liquid medium D output from the hot side output end 2072 of the evaporator 207 is transported to the medium buffer 305 of the cryogenic particle detector module 300. After adjusting the temperature and pressure, it can be injected into the cryogenic particle detector 332, thereby realizing the on-line rectification and purification of xenon.

[0057] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 Furthermore, in one embodiment, the cryogenic particle detector high-purity medium management and thermal management system of the present invention further includes a cold quantity recovery cold head module 400. The cold quantity recovery cold head module 400 is arranged on the top of the rectification and purification module 100. The cold quantity recovery cold head module 400 is used to provide part or all of the relatively constant low-temperature cold source for the rectification and purification module 100. The input end of the cold quantity recovery cold head module 400 is connected to the hot side output end 2072 of the evaporator 207 of the cold quantity recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200. The first liquid medium entering the cold quantity recovery cold head module 400 is heated by the cold quantity recovery and then enters the medium buffer 305 through the output end of the cold quantity recovery cold head module 400. That is, the hot side output end 2072 of the evaporator 207 of the cold quantity recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200 can directly transport the first liquid medium D into the medium buffer 305, or first output it to the second medium input pipeline 410 of the cold quantity recovery cold head module 400, and after being heated by the cold quantity recovery, it enters the medium buffer 305 through the output end (i.e., the second medium output pipeline 407) of the cold quantity recovery cold head module 400.

[0058] Among them, the cold recovery cold head module 400 includes a second medium input pipeline 410, a flow regulating valve 406, a cold recovery cold head 108, a first temperature sensor 411, a temperature controller 402, and a second medium output pipeline 407. The second medium input pipeline 410 and the flow regulating valve 406 are arranged at the input end of the cold recovery cold head module 400. The input end of the cold recovery cold head module 400 is connected to the hot side output end 2072 of the evaporator 207 of the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 via the second medium input pipeline 410 and the flow regulating valve 406. And the flow regulating valve 406 is, for example, a flow regulating valve, and the flow regulating valve 406 receives the control command of the temperature controller 402 through a flow control cable 405. The first liquid medium D enters the fluid channel in the cold recovery cold head 108 through the second medium input pipeline 410 and the flow regulating valve 406 for heat exchange. The heated liquid medium enters the medium buffer 305 through the second medium output pipeline 407, and the end of the pipeline extending into the interior is an atomizer 4071. Among them, to improve the cold recovery effect, preferably, the cold recovery cold head 108 can be made of materials with high thermal conductivity such as copper and aluminum.

[0059] In addition, the first temperature sensor 411 is arranged at the bottom of the cold recovery cold head 108 for sensing the first temperature in the cold recovery cold head 108 and outputting a temperature signal. The temperature controller 402 is connected to the first temperature sensor 411, for example, through a temperature sensing cable 404. The temperature controller 402 is used to receive the temperature signal output by the first temperature sensor 411, and compare and judge whether the difference between the first temperature and the first preset temperature is within a preset error range, wherein the signal of the first preset temperature is provided by a temperature setting signal cable 401.

[0060] The cold recovery cold head module 400 further includes a heater 409. The heater 409 is disposed around the bottom of the cold recovery cold head 108. The heater 409 is electrically connected to the temperature controller 402 through a temperature feedback heating cable 408. The temperature controller 402 compares the difference between the first temperature and the first preset temperature, and outputs a heating current according to a preset control law to drive the heater 409 to perform a heating function to adjust the difference between the first temperature of the cold recovery cold head 108 and the first preset temperature within the error range. Moreover, if the heating power of the heater 409 is lower than the first preset percentage value of the full power, the temperature controller 402 outputs a control command to increase the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 406, thereby increasing the cooling power of the first liquid medium to the cold recovery cold head 108; if the heating power of the heater 409 is higher than the second preset percentage value of the full power, the temperature controller 402 outputs a control command to decrease the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 406, thereby reducing the cooling power of the first liquid medium to the cold recovery cold head 108 and improving the cold utilization rate. Wherein, the second preset percentage value is greater than the first preset percentage value. Specifically, in this embodiment, for example, the first preset percentage value is 20% and the second preset percentage value is 50%. In short, it is to improve the cold utilization rate as much as possible, improve the energy utilization rate of the system, that is, improve the purification effect of the rectification and purification module 100.

[0061] Taking the rectification and purification module as an example, the rated working temperature of the rectification and purification module 100 is 178K. After the first liquid medium D exchanges heat with the cold recovery cold head 108, the temperature rises. Considering the heat transfer thermal resistance, the temperature of the second liquid medium (liquid xenon) after the temperature rise will be close to 178K, but not higher than 178K. In this way, the refrigeration capacity of the cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200 is fully utilized, and the temperature of the subcooled liquid xenon is beneficially adjusted. The cold recovery cold head 108 can be a beneficial supplement to the cold head 110. The cold head 110 can be a cold head of the PTR (Pulse Tube refrigerators) or GM (Gifford-McMahon) type.

[0062] The above-mentioned cold recovery cold head module 400 uses the liquid xenon (the first liquid medium D) obtained by cooling and liquefying with the evaporator 207 of the cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200 as the cold source. After adjustment and control, a precise temperature output is obtained and used as the cold source for the rectification and purification module 100. This can reduce the demand for the refrigeration power of the cold head 110. At the same time, the temperature of the liquid xenon is adjusted to be closer to the operating temperature of the detector at 178K. The temperature of the liquid xenon from the evaporator 207 is about 160K, the rated flow rate is about 200 g / s, and the specific heat capacity of the liquid xenon is about 0.33 J / (g·K). The maximum refrigeration power that these liquid xenons can provide at 178K is 1200W. Considering the temperature gradient in the heat transfer process, the actual obtained refrigeration power is slightly less than this value. However, compared with the refrigeration power with an order of magnitude of 2 kW required by the rectification and purification module 100, it still has great cold recovery value. Therefore, the setting of the above-mentioned cold recovery cold head module 400 can make full use of the refrigeration capacity of the cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200, improve the cold utilization rate, and improve the energy utilization rate of the system.

[0063] Please continue to refer to Figure 4 , in the cryogenic particle detector module, the first liquid medium input pipeline 301 is connected to the hot side output end 2072 of the evaporator 20 of the cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module 200, and the first valve 302 is arranged on the first liquid medium input pipeline 301. A second pressure sensor 311 is installed on the medium buffer 305, and the second pressure sensor 311 senses the air pressure in the medium buffer 305. Moreover, the end of the pipeline of the first liquid medium input pipeline 301 extending into the medium buffer 305 is an atomizer 303. The first liquid medium D from the first liquid medium input pipeline 301 becomes small droplets after passing through the atomizer 303 and performs mass and heat transfer with the gaseous medium in the medium buffer 305, forming a third liquid medium that deposits in the medium buffer 305. If the third liquid medium meets the preset conditions, it is transported to the cryogenic particle detector 332 via the first pipeline 341. A second valve 306 and a gear pump 307 are arranged on the first pipeline 341, and the gear pump 307 is arranged between the second valve 306 and the cryogenic particle detector 332.

[0064] A third pressure sensor 331 is installed on the cryogenic particle detector 332, and the third pressure sensor 331 is used to sense the air pressure in the cryogenic particle detector 332. An overflow chamber 334 and an overflow pipe 333 are also arranged in the cryogenic particle detector 332. The overflow chamber 334 is arranged at the bottom of the cryogenic particle detector 332. One end of the overflow pipe 333 extends into the overflow chamber 334, and the other end of the overflow pipe 333 is flush with the liquid level of the cryogenic particle detector 332. The excess liquid medium enters the overflow chamber 334 along the overflow pipe 333.

[0065] Please continue to refer to Figure 4 The chemical purification module 600 includes a second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322, a high-temperature purifier 324, and a medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323. In the chemical purification module 600, the cold-side input end 3221 of the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322 is connected to the overflow chamber 334 of the cryogenic particle detector 332 via a gear pump 325. After the liquid medium from the cryogenic particle detector 332 is pressurized by the gear pump 325, that is, the medium in the overflow chamber 334 can be transported to the cold side of the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322 under the action of the gear pump 325, enters the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322 for heat exchange and gasification. The input end 3241 of the high-temperature purifier 324 is connected to the cold-side output end 3222 of the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322. The gaseous medium from the cold-side output end 3222 of the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322 enters the high-temperature purifier 324 for purification treatment. The output end 3242 of the high-temperature purifier 324 is connected to the medium buffer 305 via a first branch 342 and a third valve 313. The output end 3242 of the high-temperature purifier 324 is connected to the hot-side input end 3231 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 via a second branch 343 and a fourth valve 321. The output end 3242 of the high-temperature purifier 324 is connected to the cryogenic particle detector 332 via a third branch 344 and a fifth valve 316. By controlling the opening and closing of the third valve 313, the fourth valve 321, and the fifth valve 316, the flow path of the gaseous medium leaving the high-temperature purifier 324 is controlled. The hot-side input end 3231 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 is connected to the output end 3242 of the high-temperature purifier 324. The hot-side output end 3232 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 is connected to the cryogenic particle detector 332 via a second pipeline 347 and a sixth valve 330. The hot-side output end 3232 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 is connected to the first liquid medium input pipeline 301 via a third pipeline 348 and a seventh valve 310. The cold-side input end 3233 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 is connected to a cryogenic heat exchange medium.

[0066] As above, that is to say, after the liquid medium from the cryogenic particle detector 332 is pressurized, it enters the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322 and gasifies. Since the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322 has a small flow resistance and a small pressure loss, the circulation flow rate of the high-temperature purifier 324 can be guaranteed; the purified gas can enter the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 to be liquefied and then return to the cryogenic particle detector 332. The purified gas can also directly enter the medium buffer 305, or enter the cryogenic particle detector 332 to adjust the temperature of the liquid medium or maintain the air pressure inside the cryogenic particle detector 332.

[0067] In addition, in one embodiment, in the chemical purification module, in the first working mode, the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322 and the first cold energy recovery heat exchanger 204 in the cold energy recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200 can be the same. The corresponding relationship is that the cold-side input end 2041 of the first cold energy recovery heat exchanger 204 corresponds to the cold-side input end 3221 of the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322, the cold-side output end 2042 of the first cold energy recovery heat exchanger 204 corresponds to the cold-side output end 3222 of the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322, the hot-side input end 2043 of the first cold energy recovery heat exchanger 204 corresponds to the hot-side input end 3223 of the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322, and the hot-side output end 2044 of the first cold energy recovery heat exchanger 204 corresponds to the hot-side output end 3224 of the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322. The cold-side medium is the target substance of the cryogenic particle detector 332, and the hot-side medium is the refrigerant of the cold energy recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200. The medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 and the evaporator 207 can be the same. The corresponding relationship is that the cold-side input end 2073 of the evaporator 207 corresponds to the cold-side input end 3233 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323, the cold-side output end 2074 of the evaporator 207 corresponds to the cold-side output end 3234 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323, the hot-side input end 2071 of the evaporator 207 corresponds to the hot-side input end 3231 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323, and the hot-side output end 2072 of the evaporator 207 corresponds to the hot-side output end 3232 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323. The hot-side medium is the target substance of the cryogenic particle detector 332, and the cold-side medium is the refrigerant of the cold energy recovery low-temperature refrigeration module 200. In this way, the system has high efficiency, but strong coupling and lack of flexibility in use.

[0068] In another embodiment, in the chemical purification module 600, in the second working mode, the hot-side input end 3223 of the second cold energy recovery heat exchanger 322 can also be connected to the cold-side output end 2042 of the first cold energy recovery heat exchanger 204. The internal medium can be inexpensive substances such as ethanol, and its working principle is the same as the cold energy recovery principle of the rectification purification module 100. The cold-side input end 3233 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 is connected to the hot-side output end of the evaporator 207, and the cold-side output end 3234 of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 is connected to the hot-side input end of the evaporator 207. The internal medium can be inexpensive substances such as ethanol, and its working principle is the same as the cold energy recovery principle of the rectification purification module 100. This mode has strong system flexibility, but the efficiency is slightly reduced.

[0069] Taking the third liquid medium as liquid xenon as an example, the temperature of liquid xenon tends to be consistent with the gas-liquid equilibrium temperature of 178K corresponding to the equilibrium pressure of 0.2MPa. If the air pressure value measured by the second pressure sensor 311 is lower than 0.2MPa, the third valve 313 is opened, and gaseous xenon enters the medium buffer 305 through the first branch 342 until the air pressure is close to 0.2MPa. The temperature of the liquid xenon deposited at the bottom of the medium buffer 305 can be measured by the second temperature sensor 312. If the temperature is close to 178K, the first pipeline 341 at the bottom of the medium buffer 305 can open the second valve 306 and the ninth valve 315, and after being pressurized by the gear pump 307, it is transported to the bottom of the cryogenic particle detector 332 to realize the function of the target substance.

[0070] Moreover, as described above, that is to say, there are three flow paths for the gaseous medium leaving the high-temperature purifier 324. The first flow path is to enter the medium buffer 305 through the first branch 342 and the third valve 313 to supplement the gaseous medium inside the medium buffer 305 for adjusting the temperature of the liquid medium in the medium buffer 305. The second flow path is to enter the hot side of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 through the second branch 343 and the fourth valve 321 and be cooled into a liquid. The cold side of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger 323 inputs low-temperature ethanol with a temperature of 160K - 163K. These media can enter the cryogenic particle detector 332 through the sixth valve 330 and the second pipeline 347. In this way, the cycle purification process does not bring heat load to the cryogenic particle detector 332 but brings cooling capacity, and its power value is the product of the liquid medium flow rate, specific heat capacity, and supercooling degree; the liquid medium can also enter the first liquid medium input pipeline 301 through the third pipeline 348 and the seventh valve 310, and then enter the medium buffer 305 to be adjusted to an appropriate temperature. The third flow path is to directly return to the gaseous space of the cryogenic particle detector 332 via the third branch 344 and the fifth valve 316. Only when the air pressure in the cryogenic particle detector 332 is lower than the rated pressure of 0.2MPa, the fifth valve 316 needs to be opened.

[0071] Furthermore, if the temperature of the liquid medium in the medium buffer 305 is lower than the rated value, the output end of the gear pump 307 is connected to the medium buffer 305 via the fourth branch 345 and the eighth valve 314, and the pipeline of the fourth branch 345 extends into the medium buffer 305, and the end of the pipeline is an atomizer 3451. The low-temperature liquid is atomized into small droplets, and after mass and heat transfer with the gas, it can be closer to the rated temperature; the output end of the gear pump 307 is connected to the cryogenic particle detector 332 via the fifth branch 346 and the ninth valve 315.

[0072] In addition, the raw material medium input pipeline 102 of the liquid medium raw material A directly leads into the cryogenic particle detector 332.

[0073] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector. This method is executed by using the system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector as described above. The method includes the following steps:

[0074] Step S1, the liquid medium raw material enters the rectification and purification module, and mass and heat transfer occur with the gaseous medium in the reboiler to achieve rectification, and then it drips into the reboiler. The first heat exchange medium entering the reboiler from the cold recovery heat exchange medium input pipe exchanges heat with the liquid medium in the reboiler, and the liquid medium in the reboiler is vaporized. The formed first gaseous medium first undergoes mass and heat transfer with the liquid medium in the low-temperature rectification column to complete the rectification process and then is output via the gaseous medium output pipeline. The first heat exchange medium is cooled;

[0075] Step S2, the first gaseous medium enters the cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module via the gaseous medium output pipeline. The cooled first heat exchange medium is output to the cold-side input end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger of the cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module via the cold recovery heat exchange medium output pipe. After heat exchange treatment, the first gaseous medium is liquefied to form a first liquid medium, and the first heat exchange medium is heated. The heated first heat exchange medium sequentially returns to the reboiler via the cold-side output end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger and the cold recovery heat exchange medium input pipe;

[0076] Step S3, the medium buffer of the cryogenic particle detector module receives the first liquid medium input via the first liquid medium input pipeline and the first valve, and after adjusting the pressure value and temperature value of the first liquid medium to reach the preset values, it is injected into the cryogenic particle detector.

[0077] In summary, the present invention combines the cryogenic particle detector module with the rectification and purification module, the chemical purification module, the cold recovery cryogenic refrigeration module, and the cold recovery cold head module to form a system, connects the medium management and thermal management in each module, especially improves the cold recovery function of the system, maximizes the energy utilization rate of the system, increases the circulating purification flow rate of the target substance of the cryogenic particle detector, and improves the medium purification effect.

[0078] The present invention has been described by the above related embodiments. However, the above embodiments are only examples for implementing the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described above can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. It must be pointed out that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. On the contrary, all changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention fall within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector, characterized in that, The system includes: A rectification and purification module for rectifying and purifying the liquid medium raw material entering the rectification and purification module to form and output a first gaseous medium. The rectification and purification module includes a low-temperature rectification column, a reboiler, a raw material medium input pipeline, and a gaseous medium output pipeline. The low-temperature rectification column is filled with rectification packing. The raw material medium input pipeline is arranged in the middle of the low-temperature rectification column. The liquid medium raw material enters the rectification and purification module from the raw material medium input pipeline. The reboiler is connected to the bottom end of the low-temperature rectification column. The gaseous medium output pipeline is located at the top of the low-temperature rectification column. And the reboiler is connected with a cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe and a cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe. The first heat exchange medium enters the reboiler from the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe for heat exchange and then is output from the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe; A cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module for cooling the first gaseous medium output from the gaseous medium output pipeline and forming a first liquid medium. The cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module includes an evaporator and a first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger. The hot-side input end of the evaporator is connected to the gaseous medium output pipeline. The cold-side input end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is connected to the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium output pipe. The cold-side output end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is connected to the cold quantity recovery heat exchange medium input pipe; A low-temperature particle detector module, including a first liquid medium input pipeline, a medium buffer, and a low-temperature particle detector. The first liquid medium input pipeline is connected to the hot-side output end of the evaporator via a first valve. The medium buffer of the low-temperature particle detector module receives the first liquid medium input through the first liquid medium input pipeline and the first valve, and after adjusting the pressure value and temperature value of the first liquid medium to reach the preset values, injects it into the low-temperature particle detector; and A chemical purification module for chemically purifying the gasification of the liquid medium from the low-temperature particle detector. The input end of the chemical purification module is connected to the low-temperature particle detector, and the output end of the chemical purification module is connected to the medium buffer and the low-temperature particle detector.

2. The system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of the cryogenic particle detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system further includes a cold quantity recovery cold head module arranged at the top of the rectification and purification module. The cold quantity recovery cold head module is used to provide part or all of the low-temperature cold source with a constant temperature for the rectification and purification module. The input end of the cold quantity recovery cold head module is connected to the hot-side output end of the evaporator of the cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module. The first liquid medium entering the cold quantity recovery cold head module enters the medium buffer through the output end of the cold quantity recovery cold head module after being heated by the cold quantity recovery.

3. The system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of the cryogenic particle detector according to claim 2, wherein The cold quantity recovery cold head module includes a second medium input pipeline, a flow regulating valve, a cold quantity recovery cold head, a first temperature sensor, a temperature controller, and a second medium output pipeline; The second medium input pipeline and the flow regulating valve are arranged at the input end of the cold recovery cold head module, and the input end of the cold recovery cold head module is connected to the hot side output end of the evaporator of the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module via the second medium input pipeline and the flow regulating valve; The second medium output pipeline is arranged at the output end of the cold recovery cold head module, and the output end of the cold recovery cold head module is connected to the medium buffer via the second medium output pipeline; The flow regulating valve receives the control command of the temperature controller; The first temperature sensor is arranged at the bottom of the cold recovery cold head, and is used for sensing the first temperature in the cold recovery cold head and outputting a temperature signal; The temperature controller is connected to the first temperature sensor, and the temperature controller is used for receiving the temperature signal output by the first temperature sensor, and comparing and judging whether the difference between the first temperature and the first preset temperature is within the preset error range.

4. The system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of the cryogenic particle detector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cold recovery cold head module further includes a heater, the heater is arranged around the bottom of the cold recovery cold head, the heater is electrically connected to the temperature controller, the temperature controller compares the difference between the first temperature and the first preset temperature, and outputs a heating current according to the preset control law to drive the heater to perform a heating function so as to adjust the difference between the first temperature of the cold recovery cold head and the first preset temperature within the error range. If the heating power of the heater is lower than the first preset percentage value of the full power, the temperature controller outputs a control command to increase the opening degree of the flow regulating valve so as to increase the cooling power of the first liquid medium to the cold recovery cold head; if the heating power of the heater is higher than the second preset percentage value of the full power, the temperature controller outputs a control command to decrease the opening degree of the flow regulating valve so as to decrease the cooling power of the first liquid medium to the cold recovery cold head, wherein the second preset percentage value is greater than the first preset percentage value.

5. The system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of the cryogenic particle detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical purification module includes a second cold recovery heat exchanger, a high-temperature purifier and a medium liquefaction heat exchanger; The cold side input end of the second cold recovery heat exchanger is connected to the low-temperature particle detector via a gear pump. After the liquid medium from the low-temperature particle detector is pressurized by the gear pump, it enters the second cold recovery heat exchanger for heat exchange and gasification; The input end of the high-temperature purifier is connected to the cold side output end of the second cold recovery heat exchanger. The gaseous medium from the cold side output end of the second cold recovery heat exchanger enters the high-temperature purifier for purification treatment. The output end of the high-temperature purifier is connected to the medium buffer via the first branch and the third valve, the output end of the high-temperature purifier is connected to the hot side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger via the second branch and the fourth valve, and the output end of the high-temperature purifier is connected to the low-temperature particle detector via the third branch and the fifth valve. By controlling the opening and closing of the third valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve, the flow path of the gaseous medium leaving the high-temperature purifier is controlled; The hot-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the high-temperature purifier. The hot-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the low-temperature particle detector via a second pipeline and a sixth valve. The hot-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the first liquid medium input pipeline via a third pipeline and a seventh valve. The cold-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to a low-temperature heat exchange medium.

6. The system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of the cryogenic particle detector according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger and the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger are the same one. The corresponding relationship is that the cold-side input end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger corresponds to the cold-side input end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger, the cold-side output end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger corresponds to the cold-side output end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger, the hot-side input end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger corresponds to the hot-side input end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger, the hot-side output end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger corresponds to the hot-side output end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger. The cold-side medium of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger and the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is the target substance of the low-temperature particle detector, and the hot-side medium of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger and the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is the refrigerant of the cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module; The medium liquefaction heat exchanger and the evaporator are the same one. The corresponding relationship is that the cold-side input end of the evaporator corresponds to the cold-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger, the cold-side output end of the evaporator corresponds to the cold-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger, the hot-side input end of the evaporator corresponds to the hot-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger, the hot-side output end of the evaporator corresponds to the hot-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger. The hot-side medium of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger and the evaporator is the target substance of the low-temperature particle detector, and the cold-side medium of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger and the evaporator is the refrigerant of the cold quantity recovery low-temperature refrigeration module.

7. The system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of the cryogenic particle detector according to claim 5, wherein, The hot-side input end of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is connected to the cold-side output end of the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger. The internal medium of the second cold quantity recovery heat exchanger and the first cold quantity recovery heat exchanger is ethanol; The cold-side input end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the hot-side output end of the evaporator. The cold-side output end of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger is connected to the hot-side input end of the evaporator. The internal medium of the medium liquefaction heat exchanger and the evaporator is ethanol.

8. The system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of the cryogenic particle detector according to claim 1, wherein The cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module further includes a compressor, a water-cooled heat exchanger, a recuperator, and an expansion valve. Among them, the compressor is used to compress the refrigerant to a high-temperature and high-pressure state; the hot-side input end of the water-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the compressor, and the refrigerant enters the water-cooled heat exchanger for cooling; the hot-side input end of the recuperator is connected to the hot-side output end of the water-cooled heat exchanger, and the cold-side output end of the recuperator is connected to the input end of the compressor. The refrigerant from the water-cooled heat exchanger enters the recuperator for further cooling; the hot-side input end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger is connected to the hot-side output end of the recuperator, and the refrigerant from the recuperator enters the cold recovery heat exchanger for further cooling to below the second temperature; the input end of the expansion valve is connected to the hot-side output end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger, and the refrigerant from the first cold recovery heat exchanger undergoes throttling evaporation through the expansion valve to obtain the refrigerant at the target temperature; the cold-side input end of the evaporator is connected to the output end of the expansion valve, and the cold-side output end of the evaporator is connected to the cold-side input end of the recuperator.

9. The system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of the cryogenic particle detector according to claim 1, wherein The reboiler includes a reboiler inner cylinder and a reboiler heat exchange interlayer; The output end of the cold recovery heat exchange medium input pipe is connected to the reboiler heat exchange interlayer. The first heat exchange medium entering the reboiler heat exchange interlayer exchanges heat with the liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder. The liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder absorbs heat and vaporizes. The formed first gaseous medium first undergoes mass and heat transfer with the liquid medium in the low-temperature rectification column to complete the rectification process and then is output through the gaseous medium output pipeline; the first heat exchange medium is cooled in the reboiler heat exchange interlayer and is transported through the cold recovery heat exchange medium output pipe to the cold-side input end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger of the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module; The rectification and purification module further includes an auxiliary heating module. The auxiliary heating module includes an auxiliary heating coil, an auxiliary heating coil input port, an auxiliary heating coil output port, and an auxiliary heating medium temperature sensor. The auxiliary heating coil is arranged in the reboiler inner cylinder and is used to heat the liquid medium in the reboiler; the auxiliary heating medium temperature sensor is arranged at the auxiliary heating coil input port to sense the temperature of the heat exchange medium; the normal-temperature heat exchange medium enters the auxiliary heating coil from the auxiliary heating coil input port, exchanges heat with the liquid medium in the reboiler inner cylinder, and then is output from the auxiliary heating coil output port.

10. A method for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector using the system for high-purity medium management and thermal management of a cryogenic particle detector according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes: Step S1, the liquid medium raw material enters the rectification and purification module from the raw material medium input pipeline, undergoes mass and heat transfer with the gaseous medium in the reboiler to achieve the rectification effect and drips into the reboiler. The first heat exchange medium entering the reboiler from the cold recovery heat exchange medium input pipe exchanges heat with the liquid medium in the reboiler. The liquid medium in the reboiler vaporizes. The formed first gaseous medium first undergoes mass and heat transfer with the liquid medium in the low-temperature rectification column to complete the rectification process and then is output through the gaseous medium output pipeline. The first heat exchange medium is cooled; Step S2: The first gaseous medium enters the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module through the gaseous medium output pipeline. The cooled first heat exchange medium is output through the cold recovery heat exchange medium output pipe to the cold side input end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger of the cold recovery low-temperature refrigeration module. After heat exchange processing, the first gaseous medium liquefies to form a first liquid medium, and the first heat exchange medium is heated. The heated first heat exchange medium sequentially returns to the reboiler through the cold side output end of the first cold recovery heat exchanger and the cold recovery heat exchange medium input pipe. Step S3: The medium buffer of the low-temperature particle detector module receives the first liquid medium input through the first liquid medium input pipeline and the first valve, and after adjusting the pressure value and temperature value of the first liquid medium to reach the preset values, injects it into the low-temperature particle detector.

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