Combined type grate for garbage incineration with guiding and lift limiting mechanism

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of grate for garbage incineration, especially relates to a kind of composite garbage incineration grate with guiding and limiting mechanism, the grate combines with forward motion and reverse motion, different running inclination and stroke settings are used in forward grate and reverse grate, and overturning gap is set between two sections, fin is set in the head of forward grate piece, staggered boss is set in the head of reverse grate piece, horizontal strip conical air hole is used in the head of grate piece, and composite mechanical grate for garbage incineration is formed, which has strong garbage conveying, stirring and loosening functions, especially suitable for complex components, heavy moisture and low calorific value county small towns and or rural garbage, and guiding mechanism and limiting mechanism are also set, which guide and limit the operation of grate, effectively realize the stable operation of grate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a grate for waste incineration, and more particularly to a composite grate for waste incineration with a guiding and lifting limiting mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the national economy and the acceleration of urbanization, people's living standards are rising, and the amount of urban domestic waste is increasing. The drawbacks and contradictions of landfill disposal are becoming increasingly apparent. Incineration, which can reduce reliance on large amounts of land resources and meet the dual requirements of environmental protection and resource utilization, has gradually become the main waste disposal method. In recent years, encouraged by national industrial policies promoting the reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization of domestic waste, my country's waste incineration industry has entered a period of rapid development. Large and medium-sized cities have successively built new waste incineration plants, and the level of harmless treatment and resource utilization of waste is getting higher and higher. With the advancement of the Beautiful China and Rural Revitalization strategies, the harmless treatment of waste in county towns and villages has become a hot topic in the industry. Waste in my country's county towns and villages has low calorific value, high moisture content, heavy ash content, and large seasonal variations, which is not conducive to stable combustion and requires high-level equipment and technology for incineration. Previously, the waste incineration technology and equipment used in my country mainly came from developed countries in Europe and America. Their research and development were based on the high-calorific-value waste of developed countries. Therefore, the original imported technologies had problems with waste adaptability for domestic applications and needed to be innovated and developed again.

[0003] Among existing incineration processes and equipment, waste incineration grates come in various forms, accounting for over 80% of the global waste incineration market. One type utilizes a reverse-push grate throughout the furnace. Through tilting and reverse pushing, waste from the bottom layer rises while waste from the top layer descends, constantly tumbling and agitating, ensuring full contact with air and achieving complete combustion. Simultaneously, because the reverse pushing extends the residence time of waste within the furnace, the grate area is typically smaller than that of a forward-push grate for the same processing capacity. The problems are as follows: First, given the high moisture content and complex composition of domestic waste in my country, the reverse-push grate has a weak conveying capacity for this type of waste, especially the bottom layer of waste in the drying stage, which easily clumps or lumps together and sticks to the grate surface, stopping or moving very slowly. As the moisture content gradually decreases during the drying process, the waste continues to be conveyed forward. Second, during the drying stage, some bottom layer waste may stick to the grate surface, blocking the primary air holes on the grate, affecting the air supply effect, significantly impacting the drying effect, prolonging the drying time, delaying the ignition and combustion of waste, and increasing the residence time of waste in the entire furnace, directly affecting the incineration process. Third, due to the continuous feeding of material into the furnace by the pusher, the upper layer of waste is squeezed forward during the drying stage, while the bottom layer of waste is conveyed relatively slowly, resulting in a large difference in the movement speed between the upper and lower layers of waste.

[0004] In addition, there are incinerators that use a push-type grate throughout the furnace body. Under the tilting and pushing action, the entire waste bed moves downwards, and the grate moves in the same direction as the waste bed. The difference in height between the front and rear grates or the grate stroke is used to loosen and tumble the waste, allowing the forward-conveyed waste to fully contact the air and achieve complete combustion. The problems are as follows: First, to ensure the residence time of the waste in the furnace, the grate area or grate stroke is designed to be large, increasing the height or length of the incinerator and increasing costs. Second, when the grate and waste bed move in the same direction, if the waste bed is high and the relative height difference or relative stroke between adjacent grates is low, the waste is almost in a relatively static state, resulting in poor agitation and mixing, insufficient drying, incomplete combustion, low combustion efficiency, and difficulty in achieving the required ash loss on ignition. Thirdly, the leachate in the waste layer is pushed forward by the grate bars before evaporation, increasing the drying time of the waste. If the leachate is not collected in time, it will evaporate into water vapor in the furnace, increasing the moisture content in the flue gas and affecting the incineration process. Delayed ignition and combustion of waste also increase the residence time of waste in the furnace, significantly impacting the incineration process. Fourthly, the incineration process uses a periodic intermittent control method for grate movement, meaning the grate moves for a certain period, then stops, and then moves again. For municipal solid waste in my country with high moisture content and complex composition, the duration of the stop and movement varies greatly, requiring frequent adjustments to process parameters. The incineration process parameters need to be adjusted for different regions using this incinerator, and corresponding adjustments to the control are also necessary. Fifthly, the periodic intermittent control method means that the grate is stationary for part of the time. If the stop time is too long, the lower part of the waste layer is prone to grate burnout, while the higher part of the waste layer is not dried sufficiently and is difficult to burn completely. If the stop time is too short, the residence time in the furnace cannot be guaranteed, resulting in low combustion efficiency. All of these factors make it difficult to achieve the required ash loss on ignition. Sixth, if the waste incinerator grate has too many sections, the complexity of the mechanism will increase, the failure rate will be higher, and the cost will also be higher, which will place higher demands on the algorithm of the control system.

[0005] In addition, there is a two-stage grate incinerator with a downward-sloping reverse grate near the feed hopper and a forward-sloping grate near the ash remover. The inclined reverse-sloping drying and combustion stage and the horizontal forward-sloping burnout stage are separated by a height difference, which loosens and turns the waste in the waste layer, allowing the forward-conveyed waste to fully contact the air and achieve complete combustion. The problems are as follows: First, given the high moisture content and complex composition of domestic waste in my country, the reverse-push grate has a weak conveying capacity for this type of waste, especially in the waste drying stage, where there is a problem with the fully reverse-push grate. Second, in the combustion stage of the forward-push grate, the waste is basically burned into ash, a large part of which is very small in size. As the combustion stage progresses, the ash content increases, reaching the ash loss on ignition index. This means that the horizontal forward-push grate is conveying very small ash, which can easily enter the lower primary air chamber through the grate gaps or primary air holes, resulting in a large amount of ash output from this air chamber, which is not conducive to the centralized collection and treatment of ash. Third, dust entering the moving parts of the primary air chamber causes greater wear on the moving parts, affecting the normal operation of the mechanism, and forming ash accumulation on the fixed plate or fixed beam, affecting the penetration of primary air into the furnace to assist in waste combustion and burnout.

[0006] In summary, given the unique characteristics of waste treatment in small towns and rural areas of my country, there is a need for more adaptable and targeted waste incineration technologies and equipment. While reciprocating grate furnaces, a typical waste incineration method, each has its own advantages, there are still issues and shortcomings that need to be addressed in their practical application in small towns and rural areas of my country.

[0007] 1. Given the characteristics of my country's municipal solid waste, such as high moisture content and complex composition, the reverse grate's ability to transport waste, especially the waste layer during the drying stage, is affected. The waste material layer is prone to clumps or blocks, sticking to the grate surface, which affects the drying process and waste transportation.

[0008] 2. During the reverse grate drying stage, some of the bottom waste will stick to the grate surface, blocking the primary air holes on the grate, prolonging the drying time, increasing the residence time of waste in the entire furnace, and directly affecting the incineration process in the furnace;

[0009] 3. As the feeder continuously feeds material into the furnace, the upper layer of waste is squeezed and conveyed forward during the drying stage, while the lower layer of waste is conveyed relatively slowly, resulting in a large difference in the movement speed between the upper and lower layers of waste.

[0010] 4. To ensure the residence time of waste in the furnace, the grate area is designed to be larger or the grate stroke is designed to be longer, which increases the height or length of the incinerator and increases costs;

[0011] 5. When the direction of movement of the grate and the waste material layer is the same, and the relative drop or relative stroke of the adjacent grates is low, the waste in operation is almost in a relatively static state, resulting in poor stirring and mixing effect, insufficient drying of waste, incomplete combustion, low combustion efficiency, and difficulty in achieving the target of ash and slag heat loss on ignition.

[0012] 6. Leachate in the waste layer is pushed forward by the grate before evaporation, increasing the drying time of the waste. If the leachate is not collected in time, the residence time of the waste in the furnace will increase, and all of it will evaporate into water vapor in the furnace, increasing the moisture content in the flue gas and affecting the incineration process.

[0013] 7. The forward-pushing grate motion control adopts a periodic intermittent control mode. For municipal solid waste in my country with high moisture content and complex composition, the time of rest and movement varies greatly, and the process parameters are adjusted frequently. The incineration process parameters of the incinerator need to be adjusted in different regions, and the control also needs to be adjusted accordingly.

[0014] 8. The periodic intermittent control method means that the grate is stationary for part of the time. If the time is too long, the grate is easily burned in the lower part of the material layer, and the material layer in the higher part is not dried enough and is difficult to burn completely. If the time is too short, the residence time in the furnace cannot be guaranteed, resulting in low combustion efficiency. All of these will make it difficult to achieve the target ash and slag heat loss on ignition.

[0015] 9. If the waste incinerator grate has too many sections, the complexity of the mechanism will increase, the failure rate will be higher, the cost will be higher, and higher requirements will be placed on the algorithm of the control system.

[0016] 10. In the forward-pushing combustion stage, the waste is basically burned into ash, a large portion of which is very small. As the combustion stage progresses, the ash content increases, reaching the ash loss on ignition index. This means that the horizontal forward-pushing grate conveys very small ash, which can easily enter the lower primary air chamber through grate gaps or primary air holes, resulting in a large ash output from this air chamber, which is not conducive to the centralized collection and treatment of ash. Dust entering the moving parts of the primary air chamber causes greater wear on the moving parts, affecting the normal operation of the mechanism, and forming ash accumulation on the fixed plate or fixed beam, affecting the penetration of primary air through the material layer into the furnace to assist in waste combustion and burnout.

[0017] Based on the comprehensive characteristics and unfavorable factors of waste from small towns and villages in counties, such as low calorific value, high moisture content, heavy ash content, and large seasonal variations, this application provides a grate for waste incineration to meet the needs of harmless treatment of waste from small towns and villages in counties. Summary of the Invention

[0018] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite grate for waste incineration with a guiding and lifting limit mechanism, so as to adapt to the comprehensive characteristics and unfavorable factors of waste in small towns and villages in counties, which have low calorific value, high moisture content, heavy ash content, and large seasonal variations, and thus meet the needs of harmless treatment of waste in small towns and villages in counties.

[0019] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0020] A composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms includes two parallel longitudinal frames, a transverse frame, fixed grate plates, a movable crossbeam, and movable grate plates. The transverse frame between the longitudinal frames connects to slots at the tails of the same row of fixed grate plates to form a fixed grate plate. The movable crossbeam connects to slots at the tails of the same row of movable grate plates to form a movable grate plate. The movable grate plates overlap the fixed grate plates and are arranged alternately to form a grate. The movable grate plates and fixed grate plates are positioned at the junction of the movable grate plates and the fixed grate plates. The grate is divided into two sections from high to low: the upper section is a forward-pushing grate and the lower section is a reverse-pushing grate. The grate plates on the forward-pushing grate all face the lower part of the grate, while the grate plates on the reverse-pushing grate all face the higher part of the grate. The moving crossbeams of the same grate section are equipped with driving beams arranged side by side on the left and right. These driving beams are supported by support rollers. The driving beams are connected to the moving crossbeams to form a driving frame. The ends of the driving frame are connected to the transmission mechanism.

[0021] A running frame is provided at the bottom of the drive beam and is slidably connected to the support roller. The longitudinal section of the running frame is triangular, and one side of the triangle contacts the support roller. The side of the running frame in the forward-pushing grate that contacts the support roller is arranged to be horizontally inclined upward at 10°~20° towards the reverse-pushing grate to limit the running direction of the drive beam in the forward-pushing grate. The drive beam in the forward-pushing grate is horizontally inclined downward at 5°~15° towards the reverse-pushing grate, and the angle between the side of the running frame that contacts the support roller and the drive beam is 15°~35°.

[0022] A guide plate corresponding to its running direction is provided on the outer side of the drive beam, and a guide wheel matching the guide plate is provided on the transverse frame to form a guide mechanism. A lifting limit mechanism is provided between the moving crossbeam and the longitudinal frame to limit the grate through the moving crossbeam.

[0023] Furthermore, ash hoppers are provided below both the forward-pushing grate and the reverse-pushing grate. The ash hoppers, together with the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame, form a cavity isolated from the outside world to serve as an air chamber, and the cavity is a trumpet shape that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

[0024] Furthermore, in the forward-pushing grate, both ends of the left and right side-by-side drive beams are provided with drive crossbeams connecting the drive beams, and the transmission mechanism of the forward-pushing grate is connected to the drive frame through the drive crossbeams. In the reverse-pushing grate, the transmission mechanism of the reverse-pushing grate is connected to the drive frame through the drive beams.

[0025] The transmission mechanisms of both the forward-pushing grate and the reverse-pushing grate are located below the feeding platform at one end of the grate. The transmission mechanism of the forward-pushing grate includes a first driving device and a first driving rod connected at one end to the first driving device. The other end of the first driving rod is connected to a driving beam. The transmission mechanism of the reverse-pushing grate includes a second driving device, an inner arm, a rotating drum, an outer arm, and a second driving rod, all connected at one end to the second driving device. The other end of the inner arm is connected to the middle of the rotating drum. Both ends of the rotating drum are connected to the middle of two outer arms arranged side by side. One end of the outer arm is connected to a support frame located below the feeding platform, and the other end is hinged to the second driving rod. The two second driving rods are respectively connected to the ends of the left and right driving beams arranged side by side in the reverse-pushing grate.

[0026] Furthermore, the lifting limit mechanism includes a support, rollers, and a limiting box. One end of the support is fixedly connected to the end of the moving crossbeam, and the other end is connected to the rollers. The limiting box includes a limiting frame fixedly connected to the longitudinal frame and a limiting plate installed below the top of the limiting frame. The rollers are in rolling connection with the limiting plate to limit the grate through the moving crossbeam.

[0027] Furthermore, each grate bar of the forward-pushing grate is provided with a triangular fin at its head; each grate bar of the reverse-pushing grate is provided with a boss at its head, and the bosses at the heads of all grate bars of the reverse-pushing grate are staggered to form a transversely arranged interlaced tooth structure in the same row of grate plates.

[0028] Furthermore, the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame are connected to form a grate frame, and the grate frame is placed on the inclined longitudinal beam through the bottom surface of the longitudinal frame. A fixing block is provided at the bottom of the longitudinal frame at the end away from the lowest point of the grate, and the fixing block is engaged in a slot provided on the inclined longitudinal beam at the end away from the lowest point of the grate, so that the grate frame can be freely suspended on the inclined longitudinal beam.

[0029] Furthermore, the height difference between the forward-pushing grate and the reverse-pushing grate is 600mm~900mm, and the tail end of the forward-pushing grate is connected to the reverse-pushing grate through a refractory transition platform or an intermediate grate.

[0030] Furthermore, a material layer adjustment device is provided at the tail end of the grate. The material layer adjustment device includes a rotating shaft, a rocker plate, and a rocker arm. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the longitudinal frame and one end of the rotating shaft passes through the longitudinal frame. The rocker arm is connected to the end of the rotating shaft that passes through the longitudinal frame. The rocker plate and the rotating shaft are connected as a whole. The rocker plate and the rotating shaft rotate under the drive of the rocker arm to adjust the vertical height of the rocker plate, thereby realizing the real-time adjustment of the height of the waste material layer on the grate.

[0031] Furthermore, in the reverse grate, one side of the running frame that contacts the supporting roller is arranged to be horizontally inclined upwards at 35°~45° towards the forward grate to limit the running direction of the drive beam in the reverse grate. The drive beam in the reverse grate is horizontally inclined upwards at 20°~30° towards the forward grate, and the angle between the side of the running frame that contacts the supporting roller and the drive beam is 15°~25°.

[0032] Furthermore, the stroke of the drive beam in the forward-pushing grate is 200mm~400mm, and the stroke of the drive beam in the reverse-pushing grate is 300mm~500mm.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. This invention provides a composite grate for waste incineration with a guiding and lifting limiting mechanism. Through a combination of forward and reverse pushing motions of the grate bars, with different operating angles and strokes for the forward and reverse grate bars, and by limiting the relationship between the installation angle of the drive beam (i.e., the overall tilt angle of the grate bars) and the operating angle of the drive beam, the transmission and tumbling of waste materials are effectively balanced, ensuring efficient tumbling and transmission of waste materials. A tilting drop is set between the forward and reverse grate bars. Fins are provided at the head of the forward grate bars, and staggered bosses are provided at the head of the reverse grate bars, forming a composite grate structure. This structure not only has strong waste conveying, mixing, and loosening functions, but is also particularly suitable for waste with complex composition, high moisture content, and low calorific value. Therefore, it can well adapt to the comprehensive characteristics and unfavorable factors of low calorific value, high moisture content, high ash content, and large seasonal variations in waste from small towns and rural areas, thus meeting the needs of harmless treatment of waste from small towns and rural areas.

[0035] 2. This composite waste incineration grate with guiding and lifting mechanisms features a simple transmission structure, employing a combination of rocker arms, connecting rods, drive beams, and moving crossbeams. Driven by hydraulic cylinders, it achieves both forward and reverse pushing motions of the grate bars. Simultaneously, a drive guiding mechanism and a lifting limiting mechanism guide and limit the grate's movement, preventing deviations in the grate's trajectory. This design offers strong functionality, reliable operation, and effectively ensures stable grate operation. Furthermore, the hydraulic rocker arm mechanisms of the grate transmission structure are all located below the feeding platform at the front of the grate, facilitating later operation and maintenance.

[0036] 3. The grate frame of this composite waste incineration grate with guiding and lifting mechanisms is suspended at the front end on an inclined steel beam below. This design is simple, reliable, and easy to install, effectively solving the problem of thermal expansion during grate frame operation. Furthermore, the grate is designed in rows, employing a modular design with fewer grate types, high interchangeability, and easy application of various models and processing capacities. Maintenance is convenient and cost-effective.

[0037] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a composite grate for waste incineration with a guiding and lifting mechanism according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the forward-pushing grate structure;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the transverse structure of the forward-pushing grate;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reverse grate structure;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal structure of the reverse-drive grate;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism in a reverse grate furnace.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rocker arm structure;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the guiding mechanism;

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the guiding mechanism;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting limit mechanism;

[0049] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure connecting the grate frame to the inclined longitudinal beams.

[0050] Figure reference numerals: 1. Forward push grate; 2. Reverse push grate; 3. Transmission mechanism; 4. Longitudinal frame; 5. Transverse frame; 6. Moving crossbeam; 7. Grate plate; 8. Hydraulic cylinder; 801. Hydraulic cylinder support; 9. Rocker arm; 901. Rocker arm support; 10. Drive rod; 11. Drive beam; 12. Support roller; 13. Guide mechanism; 14. Lifting limit mechanism; 14. Support; 1401. Roller; 1402. Limiting frame; 1403. Limiting plate; 1404. Running frame; 15. Guide. Plate 16, guide wheel 17, sealing box 18, fin 19, air hole 20, fixed frame support plate 21, arc scraper 22, side wall casting 23, rotating drum 24, outer arm 25, inner arm 26, material layer adjustment device 27, rotating shaft 2701, rocker 2702, fixing block 28, sealing shell 29, drive crossbeam 30, inclined longitudinal beam 31, slot 3101, feeding platform 32, support frame 33, ash hopper 34, inclined support 35. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0052] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0053] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0054] Please see Figures 1 to 11This is a composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms. The grate consists of two sections: a forward-pushing grate 1 and a reverse-pushing grate 2. The two sections are connected end-to-end with a certain height difference. Each section has a transmission mechanism 3, two parallel longitudinal frames 4, several transverse frames 5, a movable crossbeam 6, and grate plates 7. The grate plates include fixed grate plates and movable grate plates. The fixed grate plates are connected to the end slots of the same row of fixed grate plates on the transverse frames 5 between the two longitudinal frames 4 to form a fixed grate plate. The movable crossbeam 6 connects to the end slots of the same row of movable grate plates to form a fixed grate plate. A movable grate plate is formed, which overlaps with the fixed grate plate and is arranged alternately to form a grate. Air holes 20 are provided at the head of both the movable grate plate and the fixed grate plate. The heads of the grate plates 7 on the forward-pushing grate 1 face the low point of the grate, and the heads of the grate plates 7 on the reverse-pushing grate 2 face the high point of the grate. The moving crossbeam 6 of the same grate section is equipped with left and right driving beams 11 arranged side by side. The left and right driving beams 11 are supported by support rollers 12. The left and right driving beams 11 are connected to the moving crossbeam 6 to form a driving frame. The end of the driving frame is connected to the transmission mechanism 3.

[0055] In the forward-pushing grate 1, both ends of the left and right parallel drive beams 11 are provided with drive crossbeams 30 connecting the drive beams 11, and the transmission mechanism 3 of the forward-pushing grate 1 is connected to the drive frame through the drive crossbeams 30. In the reverse-pushing grate 2, the transmission mechanism of the reverse-pushing grate 2 is connected to the drive frame through the drive beams 11. The transmission mechanisms of both the forward-pushing grate 1 and the reverse-pushing grate 2 are located below the feeding platform 32 at one end of the grate. The transmission mechanism 3 of the forward-pushing grate 1 includes a first drive device and a first drive rod connected at one end to the first drive device. The other end of the drive rod is connected to the drive beam 30. The transmission mechanism 3 of the reverse grate 2 includes a second drive device, an inner arm 26, a rotating drum 24, an outer arm 25 and a second drive rod, one end of which is connected to the second drive device. The other end of the inner arm 26 is connected to the middle of the rotating drum 24. The two ends of the rotating drum 24 are connected to the middle of the two outer arms 25 arranged side by side. One end of the outer arm 25 is connected to the support frame 33 located below the feeding platform, and the other end is hinged to the second drive rod. The two second drive rods are respectively connected to the ends of the left and right drive beams 11 arranged side by side in the reverse grate 2.

[0056] Specifically, the transmission mechanisms 3 of both grate sections are hydraulically driven, each including a hydraulic cylinder 8 and a drive rod 10. The hydraulic cylinders 8 are both located below the feeding platform 32 at the front end of the grate. That is, both the first and second driving devices are hydraulic cylinders 8. The transmission mechanism of the reverse grate 2 also includes a rocker arm 9, which includes an inner arm 26, a rotating drum 24, and an outer arm 25. The hydraulic cylinders 8 are all hinged to hydraulic cylinder supports 801 fixedly connected to the support frame 33. In the transmission mechanism of the forward grate 1, the hydraulic cylinder 8 is hinged to the drive rod 10, and the drive rod 10 is fixedly connected to the drive beam 30. In the transmission mechanism of the reverse grate 2, the hydraulic cylinder 8 is hinged to the inner arm 26, and the outer arm 25 is hinged to the drive rod 10, and the drive rod 10 is hinged to the drive beam 11. The other end of the outer arm 25 is hinged to a rocker arm support fixedly connected to the support frame 33, thus preventing the transmission mechanism 3 from locking up during operation.

[0057] The following is a structural description of the forward-pushing grate 1. The forward-pushing grate 1 is an upper grate. The running direction of the grate plates 7 in the forward-pushing grate 1 is consistent with the downward movement direction of the waste material. The longitudinal rectangular sections of the two sets of drive beams 11 are connected to the two drive beams 30 by bolts. The hydraulic cylinder 8 is directly hinged to the front end of the steel pipe drive rod 10 by a pin. The rear end of the drive rod 10 is fixedly connected to the middle of the drive beam 30 at the front end of the drive beam 11. The drive beam 11 is inclined downward at an angle of 10° towards the downward movement direction of the waste material. A set of triangular running frames 15 is set at the bottom of the drive beam 11, front and back. The bottom plate of the running frame 15 is inclined upward at an angle of 15° towards the downward movement direction of the waste material. The bottom plate of the running frame 15 is supported by rollers 12, thereby controlling the running direction of the drive beam 11 and the movable grate plates in the forward-pushing grate 1. Under the action of hydraulic cylinder 8, the drive rod 10 drives the drive beam 11 to perform reciprocating and forward pushing motion on the support roller 12, which in turn drives the movable crossbeams 6 connected to the drive beam 11 to perform reciprocating and forward pushing motion on the movable grate plates.

[0058] In a forward-pushing grate, multiple transverse frames 5 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the grate, with both sides of the transverse frames 5 connected to the longitudinal frames 4. Each transverse frame 5 consists of a panel and stiffening ribs. The panel is vertically connected between the two longitudinal frames 4, while the stiffening ribs serve as reinforcing ribs for the panel. Holes are opened at corresponding positions on the panel to accommodate the operation of the drive rod 10, drive beam 11, and running frame 15. Support rollers 12 below the drive beam 11 are mounted on the panel of the transverse frame 5. A special angled bent plate and round steel strip structure is provided on the upper part of the transverse frame 5 for slotted installation and fixing of the grate bars. This ensures both rapid installation of the grate bars and allows for vertical swaying and automatic position recovery of the grate bars.

[0059] Each drive beam 11 has a support roller 12 installed under the base plate of each motion frame 15. The support roller 12 consists of a roller and two support seats on the left and right. The roller is equipped with bearings and pins. The support seats are installed on the panel of the transverse frame 5, and the roller is rotatably connected between the support seats. The drive beam 11 is supported on the roller by the base plate of the motion frame 15 and reciprocates on the roller under the drive of the transmission mechanism.

[0060] On the outer sides of the drive beams 11 arranged side by side on the left and right, there are symmetrically arranged guide plates 16 made of wear-resistant alloy material. The angle of the guide plates 16 is consistent with the running angle of the drive beams 11, and they are arranged with an upward tilt of 15°. Guide mechanisms 13 are symmetrically installed on the transverse frame 5 panel outside the guide plates 16. The guide mechanism 13 consists of an inclined support 35, a pin shaft, and a guide wheel 17. The inclined support 35 is installed on the transverse frame 5. The guide wheel 17 is installed with a small gap with the same tilt angle to the corresponding guide plate 16. The guide wheels 17 on both sides play a left and right guiding role when the drive beams 11 are running.

[0061] A sealing box 18 is installed on the first transverse frame 5. The drive rod 10 connected to the hydraulic cylinder 8 passes through the sealing box 18 and connects to the drive beam 30. The sealing box 18 ensures the isolation between the inside and outside of the grate frame during the reciprocating operation of the drive rod 10. Several movable crossbeams 6 are arranged longitudinally on the drive beam 11, and the movable crossbeams 6 are arranged alternately with the transverse frame 5. The movable crossbeam 6 is composed of channel steel, inclined plate and stiffening plate. A round steel bar is provided on one side of the top of the inclined plate for slotted installation of movable grate plates. Slotted installation is quick and convenient, and can drive the reciprocating movement of the grate plates, as well as meet the up-and-down swing and automatic position recovery of the grate plates. The angle of the inclined plate is the same as the angle of the bending plate on the upper part of the transverse frame 5, and both are perpendicular to the bottom plate of the running frame 15. The running direction of the grate plates 7 is perpendicular to the inclined plate and the bending plate, so that the installation direction of the grate plates is consistent with the running direction of the drive beam 11, that is, to ensure that the running direction of the drive beam 11 is consistent with the running direction of the grate plates 7.

[0062] The grate plates 7 of the forward-pushing grate 1 are arranged in rows, with the heads facing forward. They are installed on the round steel bars above the moving crossbeam 6 and the transverse frame 5 via slots at the tail. The grate plates 7 are long and strip-shaped, with machined surfaces on the sides and back. Triangular fins 19 are provided above the heads for cutting. A boss is provided below the heads of the grate plates 7, and horizontal tapered air holes 20 are provided on the inclined surface in front of the heads. The air holes 20 are tapered, with the outer part being smaller and the inner part being larger. Adjacent grate bars 7 in the same horizontal row are connected by tight contact and bolt fastening. The movable grate plate directly overlaps the back of the preceding fixed grate bar row via a boss below its head. The fixed grate plate directly overlaps the back of the preceding movable grate bar row via a boss below its head. The back of the grate bar row and its running angle are the same as the running angle of the drive beam, which is an upward tilt angle of 15°. The head of the first row of movable grate bars overlaps on the fixed frame support plate 21 set at the same 15° angle at the front end. The back of the last row of movable grate bars is equipped with an arc-shaped scraper 22 with a pressing function. The arc-shaped scraper 22 is installed on the top of the first horizontal frame 5 and uses a spring to press the preceding grate bar. Driven by the moving crossbeam 6 at its tail, the movable grate plate makes a reciprocating pushing motion on the back of the preceding fixed grate bar. The upper grate is equipped with four rows of movable grate plates and three rows of fixed grate plates. The grate plates are inclined downward at a 10° angle, which is the same as the arrangement direction of the drive beam 11. The running angle is upward at 15° and the stroke is 300mm.

[0063] Lifting limiting mechanisms 14 are provided at the left and right ends of the moving crossbeams 6 at both ends of the drive beam 11. The lifting limiting mechanism 14 consists of a support 1401, rollers 1402 and a limiting box. The rollers 1402 are unidirectionally supported by the support 1401, which is inverted and installed below the end of the moving crossbeam 6. The limiting box consists of a limiting frame 1403 and a limiting plate 1404. The limiting frame 1403 is installed at the corresponding position on the longitudinal frame 4 on the outer side of the end of the moving crossbeam 6. The limiting plate 1404 is installed below the top of the limiting frame 1403, and the angle of the limiting plate 1404 is consistent with the running direction of the drive beam 11. During operation, the rollers 1402 of the lifting limiting mechanism travel directly below the limiting plate 1404. By limiting the running trajectory of the rollers 1402, the upper and lower limits of the moving crossbeam 6 and the drive beam 11 are achieved, preventing the grate plates from deviating from their running trajectory. Preferably, the two ends of the limiting frame 1403 are provided with stop plates perpendicular to the limiting plate 1404 to limit the overtravel of the roller 1402, thereby preventing the drive beam 11 from overtravel.

[0064] The longitudinal frame 4 is a rectangular box structure with opposing channel steels on the top, bottom, front, and rear ends. The inner side of the longitudinal frame 4 is a metal panel, and multiple reinforcing ribs are intermittently arranged on the outer side. The lower end of the inner metal panel of the longitudinal frame 4 is bent, and the bent ends of the inner panels of the left and right longitudinal frames 4 form a rectangular opening with the lower end of the corresponding transverse frame 5 panel. This rectangular opening connects to the interface above the ash hopper 34 panel, effectively collecting slag leakage during grate operation. The upper part of the inner metal panel of the longitudinal frame 4, corresponding to the grate's running trajectory, is bolted to the side wall casting 23 to prevent wear on the longitudinal frame 4 during operation. The longitudinal frame 4, transverse frame 5, and the lower ash hopper form a cavity isolated from the outside. This cavity, formed by the ash hopper and the longitudinal and transverse frames, serves as a wind chamber, and is flared at the top and bottom. Combustion air entering this cavity through pipes is blown into the furnace through the grate bar air holes 20 to aid combustion of the waste.

[0065] The forward-pushing grate 1 is provided with an ash hopper 34, but in the specific implementation process, the number of ash hoppers 34 can be adjusted adaptively according to the length of the forward-pushing grate.

[0066] The following is a structural description of the reverse grate 2. The reverse grate 2 is a lower grate. Unlike the forward grate 1, the grate bars 7 in the reverse grate 2 run in the opposite direction to the movement of the waste material. The reverse grate 2 has a similar structural form to the forward grate 1. The longitudinal frames 4 of the reverse grate 2 and the forward grate 1 are connected front and back as a whole, with their lower ends flush and inclined horizontally downward at 25° along the downward movement direction of the waste material. The tail end of the forward grate 1 is staggered with the reverse grate 2 at different heights, with an 800mm height difference at the connection point. The tail end of the forward grate is connected to the reverse grate through a refractory transition platform or an intermediate grate.

[0067] In this embodiment, three ash hoppers 34 are provided below the reverse grate 2 to form multiple isolated cavities in sections, which can realize segmented and controllable air supply, and at the same time, can effectively collect slag leakage during grate operation.

[0068] The left and right drive beams 11 of the reverse grate have rectangular cross sections. Triangular running frames 15 are set at corresponding positions below the front, middle, and rear ends of the drive beams 11. The bottom plate of the running frames 15 is inclined upward at 41° towards the forward grate to restrict the running direction of the drive beams in the reverse grate. The running frames 15 are supported by lower support rollers 12. The number of running frames 15 is selected according to the length of the drive beams 11. The support rollers 12 are installed on the transverse frame 5, and their structure is similar to that of the upper grate support rollers, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0069] The drive beam 11 performs a reciprocating reverse thrust motion under hydraulic drive. The two longitudinally arranged drive beams 11 are respectively connected to the rocker arm 9 at the front end of the grate through drive rods 10; preferably, the drive rods 10 are hinged to the drive beams 11 and the rocker arm 9 through movable connecting rods, thereby avoiding locking during the drive process.

[0070] The rocker arm 9 includes a rotating drum 24, outer arms 25, inner arms 26, and rocker arm supports 901. One end of the inner arm 26 is fixed to the middle of the rotating drum 24, and the other end is hinged to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 8 via a pin. The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder 8 is hinged to the hydraulic cylinder support 801. The two outer arms 25 are symmetrically arranged, with their middle ends connected to both ends of the rotating drum 24. One end of each outer arm 25 is connected to two drive rods 10 via movable connecting rods, and the other end is connected to the two rocker arm supports 901 below via rotating shafts. When the hydraulic cylinder 8 moves, it drives the two outer arms 25 to reciprocate around the rocker arm supports 901 below via the inner arm 26 and the rotating drum 24, thereby driving the drive rods 10 and drive beams 11 in the lower grate to reciprocate.

[0071] After passing through the transverse frame 5 in the forward-pushing grate, the drive rod 10 is connected to the drive beam 11 of the reverse-pushing grate via a movable connecting rod. Guide mechanisms 13 are provided at the front, middle, and rear ends of the drive beam 11, and guide plates 16 are provided at corresponding positions on the drive beam 11. The structure of the guide mechanism 13 is the same as that in the forward-pushing grate 1. The difference is that in the reverse-pushing grate, the arrangement direction of the guide plate 16 is the same as that of the bottom plate of the running frame 15 in the reverse-pushing grate 2, which will not be elaborated here. Correspondingly, a sealing box 18 is installed on the first transverse frame of the upper grate through which the drive rod 10 passes, ensuring that the drive rod remains isolated inside and outside the grate frame during operation.

[0072] Multiple transverse frames 5 are longitudinally spaced between the two longitudinal frames 4 of the reverse grate 2. The panels of the transverse frames 5 have corresponding openings to accommodate the arrangement and operation of the drive beam 11. The upper end of the transverse frame 5 is a bent plate with round steel bars at a certain angle. The difference is that the bending direction is opposite to that of the bent plate of the upper grate transverse frame 5, enabling the installation of the fixed grate plates of the lower grate. The bending angle is related to the operating angle of the lower grate, essentially the same as that of the upper grate, ensuring that the installation angle of the grate plates of the lower grate is the same as the operating angle of the lower grate. Multiple sets of guide mechanisms 13 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the transverse frame 5 at corresponding positions on the drive beam 11. Guide wheels 17 match guide plates 16 on the side plates of the drive beam, providing left and right guidance during the drive beam's operation. The angles of the guide wheels 17 and guide plates 16 are consistent with the operating direction of the drive beam.

[0073] Seven sets of movable crossbeams 6 are arranged laterally at intervals on two sets of drive beams 11, forming an alternating arrangement with the transverse frame 5. The movable crossbeams 6 and drive beams 11 combine to form a stable frame structure, which reciprocates under the support rollers 12 below, driven by the front drive rod 10. The movable crossbeams 6 are composed of channel steel, inclined plates, and stiffening plates. The inclined plates are perpendicular to the running direction of the drive beams and opposite to the direction of the inclined plates of the upper grate movable crossbeam, which facilitates the convenient installation and flexible operation of the slots at the tail of the upper movable grate plates. The movable crossbeams 6 move with the drive beams 11, thereby driving the upper grate plates to perform a reciprocating reverse pushing motion.

[0074] A lifting limit mechanism 14 is installed below both ends of the first moving crossbeam. The lifting limit mechanism 14 of the lower grate is similar to that of the upper grate, consisting of a support, rollers, and a limit box. The rollers are supported unidirectionally by the support, which is inverted and installed below the ends of the moving crossbeam 6. The limit box consists of a limit frame and a limit plate. The limit frame is installed on the inner side plate of the longitudinal frame 4 on the outer side of the ends of the moving crossbeam 6, and the limit plate is installed below the top of the limit frame. The only difference is that the angle of the limit frame and the limit plate of the lower grate is consistent with the running direction of the drive beam 11. During operation, the rollers of the lifting limit mechanism move directly below the limit plate. By restricting the running trajectory of the rollers, the upper and lower limits of the moving crossbeam 6 and the drive beam 11 are achieved, preventing the grate plates from deviating from their running trajectory.

[0075] The grate plates 7 of the lower grate are arranged in rows, with their heads facing backward. They are installed on the round steel bars above the moving crossbeam 6 and the transverse frame 5 via tail slots. The grate plates are long and strip-shaped, with machined flat sides and backs. A boss is set above the head, and a horizontal tapered air hole 20 is set on the inclined surface behind the upper boss, serving as a channel for combustion air to enter the furnace. Adjacent grate plates are connected by tight contact and bolt fastening. The head bosses are staggered to form an interlaced tooth pattern at the head of the same row of grate plates, which can achieve thorough cutting and mixing of waste during operation. The movable grate plates are sequentially attached to the back of the preceding fixed grate plates via a protrusion below the head. The back of the grate plates and their operating angle are aligned with the driving beam's direction of travel, tilted upwards at 41° towards the horizontal of the grate. The front of the first row of fixed grate plates is attached to the inclined plate at the top of the first transverse frame 5 of the lower grate. An arc-shaped scraper 22 is installed above the last transverse frame 5, with its front attached to the back of the last row of movable grate plates. A spring mechanism below presses the grate plates together during operation to prevent them from flipping upwards. The driving beam 11 drives the moving crossbeam 6 to reciprocate, thereby causing the movable grate plates to reciprocate against the back of the fixed grate plates, achieving the turning, mixing, and conveying of the waste.

[0076] The lower grate is equipped with thirteen rows of grate bars, which are installed at an angle of 41° upward towards the grate. The running angle is 41° upward, and the stroke is 400mm. Seven sets of moving crossbeams 6 and nine sets of transverse frames 5 are set. Three sets of running frames 15 and three sets of support rollers 12 are set under the drive beam 11.

[0077] A material layer adjustment device 27 is installed behind the arc-shaped scraper 22 of the lower grate. This device mainly consists of a rotating shaft 2701, a rocker arm 2702, and a rotating arm. The rotating shaft 2701 is installed between the left and right longitudinal frames 4. One end of the rotating shaft 2701 extends through the longitudinal frame 4 and has a rocker arm at its outer end. A hydraulic cylinder is installed outside the longitudinal frame 4 to drive the rocker arm, thereby rotating the rotating shaft. The rocker arm 2702 is connected to the rotating shaft 2701 as a whole. The rocker arm 2702 has a horizontal square groove, into which refractory castable material is placed. The rocker arm 2702 and the rotating shaft 2701 rotate together under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder. The vertical height of the rocker arm 2702 can be adjusted according to operational needs, achieving real-time and effective adjustment of the waste material layer height on the grate. The material layer adjustment device 27 also serves as the passageway for the slag to be discharged from the grate after the waste has burned out.

[0078] An 800mm drop is set between the feeding platform 32 and the upper grate, and between the upper grate and the lower grate. The drop area is made of refractory castable or intermediate grate to achieve effective transition. The waste material is automatically turned over and loosened after passing through the drop.

[0079] The left and right longitudinal frames 4 are connected to multiple transverse frames 5 to form an integral grate frame. The lower channel steel surface of the longitudinal frame 4 directly supports the lower inclined longitudinal beam, without connection between the two. During operation, the grate frame can freely expand along the direction of the inclined longitudinal beam. A heat-insulating calcium silicate board is installed between the channel steel surface and the inclined longitudinal beam, which serves to insulate and absorb the thermal expansion of the grate frame along the direction perpendicular to the inclined longitudinal beam during operation. A fixing block 28 is installed below the front end of the left and right longitudinal frames 4. The fixing block 28 is connected to the bottom of the end of the longitudinal frame 4 by welding or bolting. The fixing block 28 is hung upside down in the slot 3101 at the front end of the inclined longitudinal beam. That is, the grate frame is directly supported on the lower inclined longitudinal beam through the longitudinal frame 4 and freely suspended on the inclined longitudinal beam 31 to achieve longitudinal limitation of the inclined longitudinal beam 31, which simply and effectively solves the problem of thermal expansion of the grate frame during operation.

[0080] The lower grate transverse frame 5 is divided into three sections according to the overall grate layout. Each section has an ash hopper 34 underneath, and the sections are relatively isolated to achieve zoned air supply to the grate. Triangular sealing shells 29 are correspondingly installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the drive beam 11 at the segmented transverse frame 5. The shape and size of these sealing shells 29 match the running frame 15, and the upper and lower sealing shells 29 are centrally symmetrically distributed to achieve mutual isolation between the two sides of the segmented transverse frame 5 during the operation of the drive beam 11. The outer surfaces of the upper and lower sealing shells are aligned with the running direction of the drive beam 11, and the shape of the sealing box continuously matches the cavity of the drive beam to achieve sealing and isolation. Specifically, the arc-shaped scraper 22 includes an arc-shaped scraper body and a spring structure disposed below the arc-shaped scraper body. One end of the arc-shaped scraper body is pressed against the back of the grate plate, and the other end is hinged to the transverse frame 5. The spring structure is connected to the arc-shaped scraper body, and the other end is connected to the transverse frame 5 to provide a downward pulling force to the arc-shaped scraper body, so as to press the grate plate in operation and prevent the grate plate from flipping up.

[0081] In another embodiment, in the forward-pushing grate 1, one side of the running frame that contacts the supporting roller is arranged at a 10°~20° upward angle towards the reverse-pushing grate to restrict the running direction of the drive beam in the forward-pushing grate, and one side of the running frame that contacts the supporting roller in the reverse-pushing grate is arranged at a 35°~45° upward angle towards the forward-pushing grate to restrict the running direction of the drive beam in the reverse-pushing grate. The drive beam in the forward-pushing grate is inclined downwards at a 5°~15° angle towards the reverse-pushing grate, and the angle between the side of the running frame that contacts the supporting roller and the drive beam is 15°~35°. The drive beam in the reverse-pushing grate is inclined upwards at a 20°~30° angle towards the forward-pushing grate, and the angle between the side of the running frame that contacts the supporting roller and the drive beam is 15°~25°. The stroke of the drive beam in the forward-pushing grate is 200mm~400mm, and the stroke of the drive beam in the reverse-pushing grate is 300mm~500mm.

[0082] In another embodiment, the height difference between the forward-pushing grate and the reverse-pushing grate is 600mm to 900mm.

[0083] It should be noted that, for ease of explanation, the drive device and drive rod in the transmission mechanism 3 of the forward-pushing grate 1 are referred to as the first drive device and the first drive rod, and the drive device and drive rod in the transmission mechanism 3 of the reverse-pushing grate 2 are referred to as the second drive device and the second drive rod.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms, comprising two parallel longitudinal frames, a transverse frame, fixed grate plates, a movable crossbeam, and movable grate plates; slots on the transverse frame between the longitudinal frames connect the tail ends of the same row of fixed grate plates to form a fixed grate plate; the movable crossbeam connects the tail ends of the same row of movable grate plates to form a movable grate plate; the movable grate plate overlaps the fixed grate plate and is arranged alternately to form a grate; and air holes are provided at the heads of both the movable grate plate and the fixed grate plate, characterized in that: The grate is divided into two sections from high to low. The upper section is a forward-pushing grate, and the lower section is a reverse-pushing grate. The grate blades on the forward-pushing grate all face the lower point of the grate, and the grate blades on the reverse-pushing grate all face the higher point of the grate. The moving crossbeams of the same grate section are equipped with driving beams arranged side by side on the left and right. The left and right driving beams are supported by support rollers. The left and right driving beams are connected to the moving crossbeams to form a driving frame. The ends of the driving frame are connected to the transmission mechanism. At the bottom of the drive beam, there is a running frame that is slidably connected to the support roller. The longitudinal section of the running frame is triangular, and one side of the triangle is in contact with the support roller. The side of the running frame in contact with the support roller in the forward-pushing grate is arranged to be horizontally inclined upward at 10°~20° towards the reverse-pushing grate to limit the running direction of the drive beam in the forward-pushing grate. The drive beam in the forward-pushing grate is horizontally inclined downward at 5°~15° towards the reverse-pushing grate, and the angle between the side of the running frame in contact with the support roller and the drive beam is 15°~35°. A guide plate corresponding to its running direction is provided on the outer side of the drive beam, and a guide wheel matching the guide plate is provided on the transverse frame to form a guide mechanism. A lifting limit mechanism is provided between the moving crossbeam and the longitudinal frame to limit the grate through the moving crossbeam. The lifting limit mechanism includes a support, rollers, and a limiting box. One end of the support is fixedly connected to the end of the moving crossbeam, and the other end is connected to the rollers. The limiting box includes a limiting frame fixedly connected to the longitudinal frame and a limiting plate installed below the top of the limiting frame. The rollers are in rolling connection with the limiting plate to limit the grate through the moving crossbeam. The angle of the limiting plate is consistent with the running direction of the drive beam, and the rollers of the lifting mechanism move directly below the limiting plate during operation.

2. The composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Ash hoppers are provided below both the forward and reverse grate. The ash hoppers, together with the longitudinal and transverse frames, form a cavity isolated from the outside world to serve as an air chamber. The cavity is flared, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom.

3. The composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the forward-pushing grate, both ends of the left and right side-by-side drive beams are provided with drive crossbeams connecting the drive beams, and the transmission mechanism of the forward-pushing grate is connected to the drive frame through the drive crossbeams. In the reverse-pushing grate, the transmission mechanism of the reverse-pushing grate is connected to the drive frame through the drive beams. The transmission mechanisms of both the forward-pushing grate and the reverse-pushing grate are located below the feeding platform at one end of the grate. The transmission mechanism of the forward-pushing grate includes a first driving device and a first driving rod connected at one end to the first driving device. The other end of the first driving rod is connected to a driving beam. The transmission mechanism of the reverse-pushing grate includes a second driving device, an inner arm, a rotating drum, an outer arm, and a second driving rod, all connected at one end to the second driving device. The other end of the inner arm is connected to the middle of the rotating drum. Both ends of the rotating drum are connected to the middle of two outer arms arranged side by side. One end of the outer arm is connected to a support frame located below the feeding platform, and the other end is hinged to the second driving rod. The two second driving rods are respectively connected to the ends of the left and right driving beams arranged side by side in the reverse-pushing grate.

4. The composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each grate segment of the forward-pushing grate is equipped with triangular fins at its head; Each grate bar of the reverse-push grate is provided with a boss at its head. The bosses at the heads of all the grate bars of the reverse-push grate are staggered so that the same row of grate plates forms a horizontally arranged, interlocking tooth-like structure.

5. The composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal frame and the transverse frame are connected to form a grate frame. The grate frame is placed on the inclined longitudinal beam through the bottom surface of the longitudinal frame. A fixing block is provided at the bottom of the longitudinal frame away from the lowest point of the grate. The fixing block is engaged in a slot on the inclined longitudinal beam away from the lowest point of the grate, so that the grate frame can be freely suspended on the inclined longitudinal beam.

6. The composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height difference between the forward-pushing grate and the reverse-pushing grate is 600mm~900mm, and the tail end of the forward-pushing grate is connected to the reverse-pushing grate through a refractory transition platform or an intermediate grate.

7. The composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material layer adjustment device is provided at the tail end of the grate. The material layer adjustment device includes a rotating shaft, a rocker plate, and a rocker arm. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the longitudinal frame and one end passes through the longitudinal frame. The rocker arm is connected to the end of the rotating shaft that passes through the longitudinal frame. The rocker plate and the rotating shaft are connected as a whole. The rocker plate and the rotating shaft rotate under the drive of the rocker arm to adjust the vertical height of the rocker plate, so as to realize the real-time adjustment of the height of the waste material layer on the grate.

8. The composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the reverse grate, one side of the running frame that contacts the supporting roller is arranged to be horizontally inclined upwards at 35°~45° towards the forward grate to limit the running direction of the drive beam in the reverse grate. The drive beam in the reverse grate is horizontally inclined upwards at 20°~30° towards the forward grate, and the angle between the side of the running frame that contacts the supporting roller and the drive beam is 15°~25°.

9. The composite grate for waste incineration with guiding and lifting mechanisms according to claim 8, characterized in that: The stroke of the drive beam in the forward-pushing grate is 200mm~400mm, and the stroke of the drive beam in the reverse-pushing grate is 300mm~500mm.

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