Bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system and controller thereof

Abstract

A bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system includes a first upper bridge switch, a second upper bridge switch, a first lower bridge switch, a second lower bridge switch, a first upper bridge controller, a second upper bridge controller, a first lower bridge controller, and a second lower bridge controller. The first upper bridge controller is configured to control the first upper bridge switch and includes a first enable unit and a first disable unit. The second upper bridge controller is configured to control the second upper bridge switch and includes a second enable unit and a second disable unit. The first lower bridge controller is configured to control the first lower bridge switch and includes a third enable unit and a third disable unit. The second lower bridge controller is configured to control the second lower bridge switch and includes a fourth enable unit and a fourth disable unit. The present invention further provides a controller for a bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application is a bridge rectifier circuit with fast response, low quiescent current consumption and used in a two-wire system and its controller. BACKGROUND

[0002] In a two-wire system, the master commands the slave through voltage signal modulation, and the slave responds to the master through current modulation. Since only two lines are needed between the master and the slave to complete communication, the two-wire system can be widely used in fire fighting, instrumentation, sensors and industrial control fields. Generally, a bridge rectifier is provided at the front end of the slave to perform full-wave rectification, so that the two-wire slave can be connected without polarity, reducing the wiring errors and the workload of adjustment during construction. In order to reduce the influence of the voltage drop of the bridge rectifier element on the rectified waveform and improve the down ability of the bridge rectifier on the rectified waveform, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is usually used as the bridge rectifier element.

[0003] Using MOSFET as the bridge rectifier element, high-voltage element process is needed. Figure 5 The existing bridge rectifier circuit is shown in the circuit diagram. Please refer to Figure 5In the existing bridge rectifier circuit 01, in order to protect the gate oxide of MOSFET PSW1, PSW2, NSW1, NSW2 from damage due to insufficient voltage resistance, Zener diodes DZ1, DZ2, DZ3, DZ4 are connected between the gate and source of MOSFET PSW1, PSW2, NSW1, NSW2 to clamp the gate-source voltage (VGS), and current limiting resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 are also used to limit the current flowing through the Zener diodes DZ1, DZ2, DZ3, DZ4 to prevent the Zener diodes DZ1, DZ2, DZ3, DZ4 from being burned out due to excessive current. However, the use of current limiting resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and Zener diodes DZ1, DZ2, DZ3, DZ4 will cause a DC bias current problem. Generally, in order to quickly switch MOSFET PSW1, PSW2, NSW1, NSW2 (the rising / falling time of the PWM switching signal < 1 microsecond), current limiting resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 with small resistance values are used, but this will result in excessive static current consumption (about 3 mA). Conversely, if current limiting resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 with large resistance values are used to improve static current consumption, it is impossible to achieve fast switching of MOSFET PSW1, PSW2, NSW1, NSW2. Therefore, the existing bridge rectifier circuit 01 cannot achieve low static current consumption and fast switching of MOSFET PSW1, PSW2, NSW1, NSW2 at the same time. SUMMARY

[0004] A bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system is provided. In one embodiment, the bridge rectifier circuit includes a first upper bridge switch, a second upper bridge switch, a first lower bridge switch, a second lower bridge switch, a first upper bridge controller, a second upper bridge controller, a first lower bridge controller, and a second lower bridge controller. The first upper bridge switch is coupled between a first input terminal and an output terminal. The second upper bridge switch is coupled between a second input terminal and the output terminal. The first lower bridge switch is coupled between the first input terminal and a ground terminal. The second lower bridge switch is coupled between the second input terminal and the ground terminal. The first upper bridge controller is configured to control the first upper bridge switch and includes a first enable unit and a first disable unit. The first enable unit is configured to selectively enable the first upper bridge switch based on a voltage difference between the second input terminal and the output terminal. The first disable unit is configured to selectively disable the first upper bridge switch based on a voltage difference between the second input terminal and a control terminal of the first upper bridge switch. The second upper bridge controller is configured to control the second upper bridge switch and includes a second enable unit and a second disable unit. The second enable unit is configured to selectively enable the second upper bridge switch based on a voltage difference between the first input terminal and the output terminal. The second disable unit is configured to selectively disable the second upper bridge switch based on a voltage difference between the first input terminal and a control terminal of the second upper bridge switch. The first lower bridge controller is configured to control the first lower bridge switch and includes a third enable unit and a third disable unit. The third enable unit is configured to selectively enable the first lower bridge switch based on a voltage difference between the second input terminal and the ground terminal. The third disable unit is configured to selectively disable the first lower bridge switch based on a voltage difference between a control terminal of the first lower bridge switch and the second input terminal. The second lower bridge controller is configured to control the second lower bridge switch and includes a fourth enable unit and a fourth disable unit. The fourth enable unit is configured to selectively enable the second lower bridge switch based on a voltage difference between the first input terminal and the ground terminal. The fourth disable unit is configured to selectively disable the second lower bridge switch based on a voltage difference between a control terminal of the second lower bridge switch and the first input terminal.

[0005] A controller for a bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system is also provided. In one embodiment, the controller for the bridge rectifier circuit includes a first connection terminal, a second connection terminal, a drive terminal, an enable unit, and a disable unit. The first connection terminal is configured to be coupled to one of two input terminals of the bridge rectifier circuit. The second connection terminal is configured to be coupled to one of an output terminal and a ground terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit. The drive terminal is configured to control a rectification switch of the bridge rectifier circuit. The enable unit is configured to selectively generate an enable signal at the drive terminal to enable the rectification switch based on a voltage difference between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal. The disable unit is configured to selectively generate a disable signal at the drive terminal to disable the rectification switch based on a voltage difference between the first connection terminal and the drive terminal.

[0006] The detailed features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the following embodiments, and the content is sufficient to enable any person skilled in the art to understand the technical content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. Based on the content, claims and drawings disclosed in this specification, any person skilled in the art can easily understand the relevant purposes and advantages of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system.

[0008] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a controller for a bridge rectifier circuit used in a two-bus system.

[0009] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a controller for a bridge rectifier circuit used in a two-bus system.

[0010] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system.

[0011] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a conventional bridge rectifier circuit.

[0012] Description of reference numerals:

[0013] 10: Bridge rectifier circuit

[0014] 110: First upper bridge switch

[0015] 120: Second upper bridge switch

[0016] 130: First lower bridge switch

[0017] 140: Second lower bridge switch

[0018] 201: First upper bridge controller

[0019] 202: Second upper bridge controller

[0020] 203: First lower bridge controller

[0021] 204: Second lower bridge controller

[0022] IN1: first input terminal

[0023] IN2: Second input terminal

[0024] OUT: output terminal

[0025] GND: Ground

[0026] 20: Controller

[0027] 210: first connection end

[0028] 220: second connection end

[0029] 230: drive end

[0030] 240: enable unit

[0031] 250: disable unit

[0032] 241: first enable unit

[0033] 242: second enable unit

[0034] 243: third enable unit

[0035] 244: fourth enable unit

[0036] 251: first disable unit

[0037] 252: second disable unit

[0038] 253: third disable unit

[0039] 254: fourth disable unit

[0040] S1: enable signal

[0041] S2: disable signal

[0042] 2401: first bias element

[0043] 2402: control element

[0044] 2403: clamp element

[0045] 2404: second bias element

[0046] V1: voltage

[0047] V2: voltage

[0048] VC: clamp voltage

[0049] VD: drive voltage

[0050] 01: bridge rectifier circuit

[0051] PSW1: MOSFET

[0052] PSW2: MOSFET

[0053] NSW1: MOSFET

[0054] NSW2: MOSFET

[0055] DZ1: Zener diode

[0056] DZ2: Zener diode

[0057] DZ3: Zener diode

[0058] DZ4: Zener diode

[0059] R1: Current limiting resistor

[0060] R2: Current limiting resistor

[0061] R3: Current limiting resistor

[0062] R4: Current limiting resistor DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] Figure 1 A circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system. Please refer to FIG. 1. Figure 1 The bridge rectifier circuit 10 has two input terminals (hereinafter referred to as a first input terminal IN1 and a second input terminal IN2, respectively), an output terminal OUT, and a ground terminal GND, and includes four rectifier switches (hereinafter referred to as a first upper bridge switch 110, a second upper bridge switch 120, a first lower bridge switch 130, and a second lower bridge switch 140, respectively). The first upper bridge switch 110 is coupled between the first input terminal IN1 and the output terminal OUT. The second upper bridge switch 120 is coupled between the second input terminal IN2 and the output terminal OUT. The first lower bridge switch 130 is coupled between the first input terminal IN1 and the ground terminal GND. Also, the second lower bridge switch 140 is coupled between the second input terminal IN2 and the ground terminal GND. Here, the ground terminal GND is used for grounding. The bridge rectifier circuit 10 can receive an input signal through the first input terminal IN1 and the second input terminal IN2 together, and perform full-wave rectification on the input signal by controlling the operation of the first upper bridge switch 110, the second upper bridge switch 120, the first lower bridge switch 130, and the second lower bridge switch 140. The output signal after rectification by the bridge rectifier circuit 10 is output through the output terminal OUT.

[0064] In some embodiments, the first upper bridge switch 110, the second upper bridge switch 120, the first lower bridge switch 130 and the second lower bridge switch 140 can be implemented with diodes or MOSFETs, such as P-type MOSFETs or N-type MOSFETs, respectively. In the present disclosure, the first upper bridge switch 110 and the second upper bridge switch 120 are exemplified as P-type MOSFETs and the first lower bridge switch 130 and the second lower bridge switch 140 are exemplified as N-type MOSFETs (NMOS), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In addition, the first upper bridge switch 110, the second upper bridge switch 120, the first lower bridge switch 130 and the second lower bridge switch 140 can also be implemented with, for example but not limited to, bipolar transistors (BJTs) or insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).

[0065] In some embodiments, the bridge rectifier circuit 10 further comprises at least one controller 20 adapted to control the rectifying switches thereof. In other words, at least one of the first upper bridge switch 110, the second upper bridge switch 120, the first lower bridge switch 130 and the second lower bridge switch 140 is controlled by the controller 20 of any embodiment of the present disclosure. In the present disclosure, the bridge rectifier circuit 10 is exemplified as comprising four controllers 20 to control the four rectifying switches, respectively, but the number is not limited thereto. The controller 20 adapted to control the first upper bridge switch 110 can be referred to as a first upper bridge controller 201. The controller 20 adapted to control the second upper bridge switch 120 can be referred to as a second upper bridge controller 202. The controller 20 adapted to control the first lower bridge switch 130 can be referred to as a first lower bridge controller 203. The controller 20 adapted to control the second lower bridge switch 140 can be referred to as a second lower bridge controller 204.

[0066] Figure 2 With Figure 3 A circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a controller adapted for a bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system. Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 In an embodiment, the controller 20 comprises two connection terminals (hereinafter referred to as a first connection terminal 210 and a second connection terminal 220, respectively), a driving terminal 230, an enabling unit 240 and a disabling unit 250. The enabling unit 240 is coupled to the first connection terminal 210, the second connection terminal 220 and the driving terminal 230. The disabling unit 250 is coupled between the first connection terminal 210 and the driving terminal 230.

[0067] The first connection terminal 210 of the controller 20 is coupled to one of the first input terminal IN1 and the second input terminal IN2 of the bridge rectifier circuit 10, and the second connection terminal 220 is coupled to one of the output terminal OUT and the ground terminal GND of the bridge rectifier circuit 10. The driving terminal 230 of the controller 20 is coupled to the control terminal of one of the four rectifier switches of the bridge rectifier circuit 10, so that the controller 20 can control the coupled rectifier switch via the driving terminal 230.

[0068] In some embodiments, the rectifier switch controlled by the driver terminal 230 of the controller 20 is coupled between one of the first input terminal IN1 and the second input terminal IN2 and between the output terminal OUT and the ground terminal GND. In other words, the first connection terminal 210 of the controller 20 and the rectifier switch controlled by the controller 20 are coupled to different input terminals (i.e., one is coupled to the first input terminal IN1 and the other is coupled to the second input terminal IN2), and the second connection terminal 220 of the controller 20 and the rectifier switch controlled by the controller 20 are coupled to the same terminal (i.e., both are coupled to the output terminal OUT or both are coupled to the ground terminal GND).

[0069] For example, if Figure 1 As shown, the first connection terminal 210, the second connection terminal 220, and the driving terminal 230 of the first high-bridge controller 201 are respectively coupled to the second input terminal IN2, the output terminal OUT, and the control terminal of the first high-bridge switch 110, and the first high-bridge switch 110 is coupled between the first input terminal IN1 and the output terminal OUT. The first connection terminal 210, the second connection terminal 220, and the driving terminal 230 of the second high-bridge controller 202 are respectively coupled to the first input terminal IN1, the output terminal OUT, and the control terminal of the second high-bridge switch 120, and the second high-bridge switch 120 is coupled between the second input terminal IN2 and the output terminal OUT. The first connection terminal 210, the second connection terminal 220, and the driving terminal 230 of the first low-bridge controller 203 are respectively coupled to the second input terminal IN2, the ground terminal GND, and the control terminal of the first low-bridge switch 130, and the first low-bridge switch 130 is coupled between the first input terminal IN1 and the ground terminal GND. The first connection terminal 210 , the second connection terminal 220 and the driving terminal 230 of the second low-bridge controller 204 are respectively coupled to the first input terminal IN1 , the ground terminal GND and the control terminal of the second low-bridge switch 140 . The second low-bridge switch 140 is coupled between the second input terminal IN2 and the ground terminal GND.

[0070] The enable unit 240 and the disable unit 250 in the controller 20 can be used together to control the rectifier switch coupled thereto. The enable unit 240 is used to selectively generate an enable signal S1 at the drive end 230 according to the voltage difference between the first connection end 210 and the second connection end 220 (i.e. the voltage difference between the voltage on the first input end IN1 or the voltage on the second input end IN2 and the voltage on the output end OUT or the voltage on the ground end GND), and the enable signal S1 is used to enable (turn on) the rectifier switch coupled to the drive end 230.

[0071] For example, the enable unit 240 (may be referred to as the first enable unit 241) of the first upper bridge controller 201 is used to selectively generate the enable signal S1 to the first upper bridge switch 110 according to the voltage difference between the second input end IN2 and the output end OUT. The enable unit 240 (may be referred to as the second enable unit 242) of the second upper bridge controller 202 is used to selectively generate the enable signal S1 to the second upper bridge switch 120 according to the voltage difference between the first input end IN1 and the output end OUT. The enable unit 240 (may be referred to as the third enable unit 243) of the first lower bridge controller 203 is used to selectively generate the enable signal S1 to the first lower bridge switch 130 according to the voltage difference between the second input end IN2 and the ground end GND. And, the enable unit 240 (may be referred to as the fourth enable unit 244) of the second lower bridge controller 204 is used to selectively generate the enable signal S1 to the second lower bridge switch 140 according to the voltage difference between the first input end IN1 and the ground end GND.

[0072] The disable unit 250 is used to selectively generate a disable signal S2 at the drive end 230 according to the voltage difference between the first connection end 210 and the drive end 230 (i.e. the voltage difference between the voltage on the first input end IN1 or the voltage on the second input end IN2 and the voltage on the control end of the rectifier switch), and the disable signal S2 is used to disable (turn off) the rectifier switch coupled to the drive end 230.

[0073] For example, the disabling unit 250 of the first upper bridge controller 201 (may be referred to as the first disabling unit 251) selectively generates a disabling signal S2 to the first upper bridge switch 110 according to the voltage difference between the second input terminal IN2 and the voltage on the control terminal of the first upper bridge switch 110. The disabling unit 250 of the second upper bridge controller 202 (may be referred to as the second disabling unit 252) selectively generates a disabling signal S2 to the second upper bridge switch 120 according to the voltage difference between the first input terminal IN1 and the voltage on the control terminal of the second upper bridge switch 120. The disabling unit 250 of the first lower bridge controller 203 (may be referred to as the third disabling unit 253) selectively generates a disabling signal S2 to the first lower bridge switch 130 according to the voltage difference between the second input terminal IN2 and the voltage on the control terminal of the first lower bridge switch 130. And, the disabling unit 250 of the second lower bridge controller 204 (may be referred to as the fourth disabling unit 254) selectively generates a disabling signal S2 to the second lower bridge switch 140 according to the voltage difference between the first input terminal IN1 and the voltage on the control terminal of the second lower bridge switch 140.

[0074] In some embodiments, the enabling unit 240 includes a first bias element 2401, a control element 2402, a clamping element 2403, and a second bias element 2404. The first bias element 2401 is coupled between the second connection terminal 220 and the driving terminal 230. The first end of the control element 2402 is coupled to the driving terminal 230, and the second end of the control element 2402 is coupled to the first connection terminal 210. The clamping element 2403 is coupled between the second connection terminal 220 and the control terminal of the control element 2402. The second bias element 2404 is coupled between the control terminal of the control element 2402 and the first connection terminal 210. Here, the second bias element 2404 is used to provide a bias current to the clamping element 2403. The clamping element 2403 is used to generate a clamping voltage VC on the control terminal of the control element 2402 according to the voltage difference between the first connection terminal 210 and the second connection terminal 220, and can clamp the value of the clamping voltage VC when the voltage difference between the two terminals is too large, so as to avoid damage to the control element 2402 due to insufficient voltage resistance. The first bias element 2401 is used to provide a bias current to the control element 2402. The control element 2402 is used to selectively generate an enabling signal S1 on the driving terminal 230 according to the clamping voltage VC.

[0075] In some embodiments, the clamping element 2403 has an anode terminal and a cathode terminal. The disabling unit 250 also has an anode terminal and a cathode terminal. When the controller 20 is the first upper bridge controller 201 or the second upper bridge controller 202, the second connection terminal 220 of the controller 20 is coupled to the output terminal OUT. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the anode terminal of the clamping element 2403 is coupled to the second connection terminal 220, and the cathode terminal of the clamping element 2403 is coupled to the control terminal of the control element 2402. Figure 2As shown, the clamping element 2403 has its anode coupled to the control terminal of the control element 2402 and its cathode coupled to the second connection terminal 220. Also, the disabling element 250 has its anode coupled to the first connection terminal 210 and its cathode coupled to the drive terminal 230. When the controller 20 is the first lower bridge controller 203 or the second lower bridge controller 204, the second connection terminal 220 of the controller 20 is coupled to the ground terminal GND. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2B, the first biasing element 2401 has its anode coupled to the first connection terminal 210 and its cathode coupled to the second connection terminal 220. Also, the second biasing element 2404 has its anode coupled to the control terminal of the control element 2402 and its cathode coupled to the second connection terminal 220. Figure 3 As shown, the clamping element 2403 has its anode coupled to the control terminal of the control element 2402 and its cathode coupled to the second connection terminal 220. Also, the disabling element 250 has its anode coupled to the first connection terminal 210 and its cathode coupled to the drive terminal 230. When the controller 20 is the first lower bridge controller 203 or the second lower bridge controller 204, the second connection terminal 220 of the controller 20 is coupled to the ground terminal GND. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2B, the first biasing element 2401 has its anode coupled to the first connection terminal 210 and its cathode coupled to the second connection terminal 220. Also, the second biasing element 2404 has its anode coupled to the control terminal of the control element 2402 and its cathode coupled to the second connection terminal 220.

[0076] In some embodiments, the control element 2402 can be implemented by, but not limited to, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), a bipolar transistor (BJT), or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). When the control element 2402 is a MOSFET, the first terminal of the control element 2402 is a source terminal, the second terminal is a drain terminal, and the control terminal is a gate terminal. At this time, the control element 2402 functions as a source follower with voltage buffering function, so the controller 20 can easily drive the coupled rectifier switch through the control element 2402, thereby improving the response speed of the bridge rectifier circuit 10. In some embodiments, the control element 2402 of the controller 20 can be composed of one or more source followers. In addition, when the controller 20 is used to control a P-type MOSFET, such as the first upper bridge controller 201 or the second upper bridge controller 202, the control element 2402 can be implemented by, but not limited to, a P-type MOSFET. When the controller 20 is used to control an N-type MOSFET, such as the first lower bridge controller 203 or the second lower bridge controller 204, the control element 2402 can be implemented by, but not limited to, an N-type MOSFET.

[0077] In some embodiments, the second biasing element 2404 can be a current source circuit. At this time, since the control element 2402 requires a small size, the second biasing element 2404 only needs to provide a small current (e.g., about 1 uA) to drive the control element 2402. The first biasing element 2401 can also be a current source circuit, and the provided current is a pull-down current (or a pull-up current) (e.g., about 0.5 uA). In some embodiments, the first biasing element 2401 and the second biasing element 2404 can be implemented by, but not limited to, a large resistor (e.g., 10 MΩ, 20 MΩ), a depletion mode MOSFET (e.g., an N-type depletion mode MOSFET), or other circuits suitable for providing a biasing current.

[0078] In some embodiments, the clamping element 2403 can be implemented using one or more diodes, such as, but not limited to, a Zener diode, with a Zener voltage of, but not limited to, 5.6 volts to 5.8 volts. Alternatively, it can be implemented using a Schottky diode, a parasitic diode of a transistor, or a BJT diode. Furthermore, the disabling unit 250 can be implemented using any one or more diodes, such as, but not limited to, a Schottky diode, a Zener diode, a parasitic diode of a transistor, or a BJT diode.

[0079] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As the voltage V1 at the first connection terminal 210 decreases, the clamping voltage VC at the control terminal of the control element 2402 of the controller 20 decreases along with the voltage V1 at the first connection terminal 210 until the clamping voltage VC is clamped by the clamping element 2403. The driving voltage VD at the driving terminal 230 of the controller 20 (i.e., the voltage at the control terminal of the rectifier switch coupled to the controller 20) decreases along with the decrease in the clamping voltage VC. When the absolute value of the voltage difference between the driving voltage VD and the voltage V2 at the second connection terminal 220 is greater than the absolute value of the conduction threshold of the rectifier switch coupled to the controller 20 (e.g., the first upper bridge switch 110 or the second upper bridge switch 120), the coupled rectifier switch turns on. The driving voltage VD that causes the coupled rectifier switch to turn on is the enable signal S1 generated by the enable unit 240.

[0080] In some embodiments, when the first upper bridge switch 110 and the second upper bridge switch 120 are implemented using P-type MOSFETs, their turn-on thresholds may be, but are not limited to, 0.7 volts to 1 volt. Figure 2 In the controller 20 shown, the rectifier switch coupled to the controller 20 can be turned on as long as the driving voltage VD is 0.7V to 1V lower than the voltage V2 on the second connection terminal 220 .

[0081] In some embodiments, the clamping element 2403 of the controller 20 can stabilize the voltage difference between the voltage V2 on the second connection terminal 220 and the clamping voltage VC between +5.6 volts and +5.8 volts, and the driving voltage VD is higher than the clamping voltage VC by the conduction threshold of a P-type MOSFET (when the control element 2402 is implemented as a P-type MOSFET). Therefore, the voltage difference between the voltage V2 on the second connection terminal 220 and the driving voltage VD will not exceed the withstand voltage of the rectifier switch (for example, the first upper bridge switch 110 or the second upper bridge switch 120).

[0082] When the voltage difference between the voltage V1 on the first connection terminal 210 and the driving voltage VD is greater than a forward bias (e.g., 0.2 to 0.3 volts) of the disabling unit 250, the disabling unit 250 is turned on as the voltage V1 on the first connection terminal 210 rises, so that the driving voltage VD rises as the voltage V1 on the first connection terminal 210 rises. When the absolute value of the voltage difference between the voltage V2 on the second connection terminal 220 and the driving voltage VD is less than the absolute value of the turn-on threshold of the rectifier switch (e.g., the first upper bridge switch 110 or the second upper bridge switch 120) coupled to the controller 20, the coupled rectifier switch is turned off. The driving voltage VD when the coupled rectifier switch is turned off is the disabling signal S2 generated by the disabling unit 250. In addition, when the voltage V1 on the first connection terminal 210 is the same as the voltage V2 on the second connection terminal 220, the disabling unit 250 cannot pull the value of the driving voltage VD to be the same as the voltage V2 on the second connection terminal 220. At this time, the value of the driving voltage VD can be pulled to be the same as the voltage V2 on the second connection terminal 220 with the assistance of the first bias element 2401 in the enabling unit 240.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 When the voltage V1 on the first connection terminal 210 rises, the clamp voltage VC on the control terminal of the control element 2402 of the controller 20 rises along with the voltage V1 on the first connection terminal 210 until the clamp element 2403 clamps the value of the clamp voltage VC. The driving voltage VD on the driving terminal 230 of the controller 20 (i.e., the voltage on the control terminal of the rectifier switch coupled to the controller 20) rises along with the clamp voltage VC. When the absolute value of the voltage difference between the driving voltage VD and the voltage V2 on the second connection terminal 220 is greater than the absolute value of the turn-on threshold of the rectifier switch (e.g., the first lower bridge switch 130 or the second lower bridge switch 140) coupled to the controller 20, the coupled rectifier switch is turned on. The driving voltage VD when the coupled rectifier switch is turned on is the enabling signal S1 generated by the enabling unit 240.

[0084] In some embodiments, when the first lower bridge switch 130 and the second lower bridge switch 140 are implemented using N-type MOSFETs, the turn-on threshold can be, but is not limited to, 0.7 to 1 volts. In other words, in the controller 20 shown in Figure 3 In the controller 20 shown, as long as the driving voltage VD is greater than the voltage V2 on the second connection terminal 220 by 0.7 to 1 volts, the rectifier switch coupled to the controller 20 can be turned on.

[0085] In some embodiments, the clamping element 2403 of the controller 20 can stabilize the voltage difference between the voltage V2 on the second connection end 220 and the clamping voltage VC to be between +5.6 volts and +5.8 volts, and the driving voltage VD is lowered from the clamping voltage VC by the on threshold of an N-type MOSFET (when the control element 2402 is implemented with an N-type MOSFET), so that the voltage difference between the voltage V2 on the second connection end 220 and the driving voltage VD will not exceed the withstand voltage of the rectifier switch (e.g., the first lower bridge switch 130 or the second lower bridge switch 140).

[0086] During the decrease of the voltage VI on the first connection end 210, when the voltage difference between the driving voltage VD and the voltage VI on the first connection end 210 is greater than the forward bias of the disabling unit 250 (e.g., 0.2 volts to 0.3 volts), the disabling unit 250 will be turned on, so that the driving voltage VD decreases as the voltage VI on the first connection end 210 decreases. When the absolute value of the voltage difference between the driving voltage VD and the voltage V2 on the second connection end 220 is less than the absolute value of the on threshold of the rectifier switch (e.g., the first lower bridge switch 130 or the second lower bridge switch 140) coupled to the controller 20, the coupled rectifier switch will be turned off. The driving voltage VD when the coupled rectifier switch is turned off is the disabling signal S2 generated by the disabling unit 250. In addition, when the voltage VI on the first connection end 210 is the same as the voltage V2 on the second connection end 220, the disabling unit 250 will not be able to pull the value of the driving voltage VD to be the same as the voltage V2 on the second connection end 220. At this time, the value of the driving voltage VD can be pulled to be the same as the voltage V2 on the second connection end 220 with the assistance of the first bias element 2401 in the enabling unit 240.

[0087] Figure 4 A circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system. Please refer to Figure 4 In some embodiments, the input signal is an alternating current signal having a positive half cycle and a negative half cycle. Due to the alternating current characteristics of the input signal, the entire full-wave rectification process of the bridge rectifier circuit 10 can be divided into a first operation period and a second operation period that appear in sequence and alternately. The first operation period corresponds to the positive half cycle of the input signal, and the second operation period corresponds to the negative half cycle of the input signal. At this time, it is assumed that the first input end IN1 of the bridge rectifier circuit 10 is the negative input end of the input signal, and the second input end IN2 is the positive input end of the input signal.

[0088] In the first operation period, the first disabling unit 251 of the first upper bridge controller 201 disables the first upper bridge switch 110, the second enabling unit 242 of the second upper bridge controller 202 enables the second upper bridge switch 120, the third enabling unit 243 of the first lower bridge controller 203 enables the first lower bridge switch 130, and the fourth disabling unit 254 of the second lower bridge controller 204 disables the second lower bridge switch 140. The second enabling unit 242 generates a clamp voltage VC by the clamp element 2403 according to the voltage difference between the first input terminal IN1 and the output terminal OUT, and enables the second upper bridge switch 120 by the control element 2402 according to the clamp voltage VC. Also, the third enabling unit 243 generates a clamp voltage VC by the clamp element 2403 according to the voltage difference between the second input terminal IN2 and the ground terminal GND, and enables the first lower bridge switch 130 by the control element 2402 according to the clamp voltage VC.

[0089] Therefore, in the first operation period, the output terminal OUT can be electrically connected to the second input terminal IN2 via the second upper bridge switch 120, and the waveform of the output signal outputted by the output terminal OUT can follow the waveform of the input signal on the second input terminal IN2.

[0090] In the second operation period, the first enabling unit 241 of the first upper bridge controller 201 enables the first upper bridge switch 110, the second disabling unit 252 of the second upper bridge controller 202 disables the second upper bridge switch 120, the third disabling unit 253 of the first lower bridge controller 203 disables the first lower bridge switch 130, and the fourth enabling unit 244 of the second lower bridge controller 204 enables the second lower bridge switch 140. The first enabling unit 241 generates a clamp voltage VC by the clamp element 2403 according to the voltage difference between the second input terminal IN2 and the output terminal OUT, and enables the first upper bridge switch 110 by the control element 2402 according to the clamp voltage VC. Also, the fourth enabling unit 244 generates a clamp voltage VC by the clamp element 2403 according to the voltage difference between the first input terminal IN1 and the ground terminal GND, and enables the second lower bridge switch 140 by the control element 2402 according to the clamp voltage VC.

[0091] Therefore, in the second operation period, the output terminal OUT can be electrically connected to the first input terminal IN1 via the first upper bridge switch 110, and the waveform of the output signal outputted by the output terminal OUT can follow the waveform of the input signal on the first input terminal IN1.

[0092] In this way, by the aforementioned alternating actions (i.e., the action in the first operation period and the action in the second operation period), the bridge rectifier circuit 10 can complete the full-wave rectification of the input signal.

[0093] In summary, the controller and the bridge rectifier circuit suitable for two-bus system and applying the controller of the embodiments of the present application enable (turn on) the rectifier switch through the enabling unit and disable (turn off) the rectifier switch through the disabling unit to quickly switch the rectifier switch, thereby improving the response speed of the bridge rectifier circuit. In addition, in the controller and the bridge rectifier circuit suitable for two-bus system and applying the controller of any embodiment of the present application, the required size of the control element of the enabling unit is small, and the bias element only needs to provide a small current, so that the overall required static current consumption can be very low, about 3-4 uA. Therefore, the controller and the bridge rectifier circuit suitable for two-bus system and applying the controller of any embodiment of the present application can simultaneously have fast response and low static current consumption.

[0094] Although the technical content of the present application has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application, and any person skilled in the art can make some changes and modifications without departing from the concept of the present application, which should be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system, comprising: a first upper bridge switch coupled between a first input terminal and an output terminal and having a control terminal; a second upper bridge switch coupled between a second input terminal and the output terminal and having a control terminal; a first low-bridge switch coupled between the first input terminal and a ground terminal and having a control terminal; a second low-bridge switch coupled between the second input terminal and the ground terminal and having a control terminal; A first upper bridge controller, for controlling the first upper bridge switch, comprising: a first enabling unit, configured to selectively enable the first upper bridge switch according to a voltage difference between the second input terminal and the output terminal; and a first disabling unit, configured to selectively disable the first upper bridge switch according to a voltage difference between the second input terminal and the control terminal of the first upper bridge switch; A second upper bridge controller, for controlling the second upper bridge switch, comprising: a second enabling unit, configured to selectively enable the second upper bridge switch according to a voltage difference between the first input terminal and the output terminal; and a second disabling unit, configured to selectively disable the second upper bridge switch according to a voltage difference between the first input terminal and the control terminal of the second upper bridge switch; a first lower bridge controller, for controlling the first lower bridge switch, comprising: a third enabling unit, configured to selectively enable the first low-bridge switch according to a voltage difference between the second input terminal and the ground terminal; and a third disabling unit, configured to selectively disable the first low-bridge switch according to a voltage difference between the control terminal and the second input terminal of the first low-bridge switch; and a second lower bridge controller, for controlling the second lower bridge switch, comprising: a fourth enabling unit, configured to selectively enable the second low-bridge switch according to a voltage difference between the first input terminal and the ground terminal; and a fourth disabling unit, configured to selectively disable the second low-bridge switch according to a voltage difference between the control terminal and the first input terminal of the second low-bridge switch; and 2. The bridge rectifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein: During a first operation period, the second enabling unit enables the second upper bridge switch, the third enabling unit enables the first lower bridge switch, the first disabling unit disables the first upper bridge switch, and the fourth disabling unit disables the second lower bridge switch; and During a second operation period, the first enabling unit enables the first upper bridge switch, the fourth enabling unit enables the second lower bridge switch, the second disabling unit disables the second upper bridge switch, and the third disabling unit disables the first lower bridge switch.

3. The bridge rectifier circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first enabling unit and the second enabling unit respectively comprise: a first bias element having one end coupled to the output end and another end; a first clamping element having one end coupled to the output end and another end; a second biasing element having one end coupled to the other end of the first clamping element and having another end; and a first control element having a first end, a second end, and a control end, wherein the first end is coupled to the other end of the first bias element, and the control end is coupled to the other end of the first clamp element; wherein the first end of the first control element of the first enabling unit is further coupled to the control end of the first upper bridge switch, and the second end of the first control element of the first enabling unit and the other end of the second bias element of the first enabling unit are coupled to the second input end; and The first end of the first control element of the second enabling unit is further coupled to the control end of the second upper bridge switch, and the second end of the first control element of the second enabling unit and the other end of the second bias element of the second enabling unit are coupled to the first input end.

4. The bridge rectifier circuit as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the third enabling unit and the fourth enabling unit respectively comprise: a third bias element having one end coupled to the ground end and another end; a second clamping element having one end coupled to the ground end and another end; a fourth biasing element having one end coupled to the other end of the second clamping element and having another end; and a second control element having a first end, a second end, and a control end, wherein the first end is coupled to the other end of the third bias element, and the control end is coupled to the other end of the second clamping element; wherein the first end of the second control element of the third enabling unit is further coupled to the control end of the first low-bridge switch, and the second end of the second control element of the third enabling unit and the other end of the fourth bias element of the third enabling unit are coupled to the second input end; and The first end of the second control element of the fourth enabling unit is further coupled to the control end of the second low-bridge switch, and the second end of the second control element of the fourth enabling unit and the other end of the fourth bias element of the fourth enabling unit are coupled to the first input end.

5. The bridge rectifier circuit according to claim 4, wherein: During a first operation period, the first clamping element of the second enabling unit generates a first clamping voltage according to the voltage difference between the first input terminal and the output terminal, the first control element of the second enabling unit enables the second upper bridge switch according to the first clamping voltage, and the second clamping element of the third enabling unit generates a second clamping voltage according to the voltage difference between the second input terminal and the ground terminal, and the second control element of the third enabling unit enables the first lower bridge switch according to the second clamping voltage; and During a second operation period, the first clamping element of the first enabling unit generates a third clamping voltage according to the voltage difference between the second input terminal and the output terminal, the first control element of the first enabling unit enables the first upper bridge switch according to the third clamping voltage, and the second clamping element of the fourth enabling unit generates a fourth clamping voltage according to the voltage difference between the first input terminal and the ground terminal, and the second control element of the fourth enabling unit enables the second lower bridge switch according to the fourth clamping voltage.

6. A controller for a bridge rectifier circuit for a two-bus system, comprising: a first connection terminal coupled to one of the two input terminals of the bridge rectifier circuit; a second connection terminal coupled to one of an output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit and a ground terminal; a driving terminal for coupling to a rectifier switch of the bridge rectifier circuit to control the rectifier switch, wherein the rectifier switch is coupled between the other of the two input terminals and the output terminal and the ground terminal; an enabling unit for selectively generating an enabling signal at the driving end to enable the rectifier switch according to a voltage difference between the first connecting end and the second connecting end; and A disabling unit is used for selectively generating a disabling signal at the driving end to disable the rectifier switch according to a voltage difference between the first connecting end and the driving end.

7. The controller as claimed in claim 6, wherein the enabling unit comprises: a first biasing element coupled between the second connecting end and the driving end; a control element having a first end coupled to the driving end, a second end coupled to the first connecting end, and a control end; a clamping element coupled between the second connection end and the control end of the control element; and A second biasing element is coupled between the control end of the control element and the first connecting end.

8. The controller as claimed in claim 7, wherein the control element is formed by one or more source followers.

9. The controller as claimed in claim 7, wherein the clamping element is formed by one or more diodes.

10. The controller as claimed in claim 6, wherein the disabling unit is composed of one or more diodes.

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