A method for reducing kiwifruit canker disease by interplanting

Abstract

The present application relates to the kiwi planting technical field, especially a kind of interplanting method for reducing kiwi canker disease, comprising the following steps: (1) kiwi undergrowth interplanting, (2) forest insect pest control.The present application interplants leek in the undergrowth after planting kiwi, utilizes that leek is few insects, not only activates soil water and fertilizer conservation undergrowth, but also can adsorb a large amount of soil fertilizer material and promote kiwi growth.Moreover, targeted use of nutrient enhancer, significantly enhance the resistance of crops, so that all plants in the planting system can get the supply of readily available nutrients, quickly form organization system to resist pathogenic factors, and then achieve the purpose of preventing and treating canker disease.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting, and particularly relates to a method for reducing kiwi fruit canker disease through interplanting. BACKGROUND

[0002] Kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch), also known as fox peach, gourd pear, sheep peach, wood fruit, hairy wood fruit, kiwi fruit, and hemp fruit, has an oval shape, a greenish brown appearance, and a non-edible skin covered with dense down. Inside the skin is a bright green pulp and a row of black seeds. Because monkeys like to eat it, it is named kiwi fruit. It is also said to be named because the fruit has a hairy skin that looks like a monkey. It is a kind of fruit with fresh and tender quality, rich nutrition, and delicious flavor.

[0003] Kiwi fruit has a soft texture and a sweet and sour taste. The taste is described as a mixture of strawberry, banana, and pineapple. In addition to organic substances such as actinidia chinensis, protein hydrolysis enzyme, tannin pectin, and sugar, and trace elements such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc, germanium, and 17 kinds of amino acids required by the human body, kiwi fruit also contains rich vitamin C, grape acid, fructose, citric acid, malic acid, and fat. Therefore, kiwi fruit is the main economic crop in many places, but the canker disease frequently occurs during planting. The conventional method is to use compound pesticides for prevention and treatment, and there are few studies on reducing the canker disease through interplanting and fertilizer effect adjustment. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a method for reducing kiwi fruit canker disease through interplanting, which adjusts the planting environment by planting leeks under the kiwi fruit forest, and sprays a nutrient enhancer to improve the resistance of kiwi fruit and reduce the disease incidence. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0005] A method for reducing kiwi fruit canker disease through interplanting, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Interplanting under the kiwi fruit forest

[0007] Plant kiwi fruit at a row spacing of 3-4 m and a plant spacing of 2-2.5 m, and sow leek seeds between the kiwi fruit row spacing;

[0008] (2) In-forest pest control

[0009] After the interplanting under the kiwi fruit forest is completed, the nutrient enhancer is sprayed in the evening when the weather is fine, and the spraying time is 5-8 h apart from the ordinary disease control pesticide spraying time every month;

[0010] The preparation method of the nutrient enhancer is as follows:

[0011] A: Extraction of mineralized components

[0012] 1-3 parts of peach pits, 1-5 parts of apricot pits, 4-9 parts of litchi pits are placed under the sun for 2-3 days, and then are placed in a roller mill to be crushed into 2-3 mm of crushed powder, and then are placed in a frying pan to be fried at 80-90 DEG C for 13-19 min, and then are crushed into 80-100 mesh powder, 2-4 times of the mass of the powder of distilled water is added, 0.3-0.5 parts of nitric acid solution is added, stirring is conducted for 13-15 min, the temperature is increased to 40-45 DEG C, and then soaking is continued for 20-23 min to obtain a mixture a;

[0013] 40-50 parts of mangrove leaves, 14-18 parts of suaeda, and 22-28 parts of salicornia are beaten, 130-144 parts of distilled water is added, stirring is conducted uniformly, 2-3 parts of potassium hydroxide is added, the temperature is increased to 66-77 DEG C, and then soaking is conducted for 2-3 h, the mixture a is added, the mixture is diluted by 3-5 times of distilled water, ultrasonic treatment is conducted at 40-43 DEG C for 20-23 min, and then filtration is conducted to obtain a filtrate b; the obtained filter residue is mixed with acetic acid solution according to a mass ratio of 1:4-5, is placed at minus 20-24 DEG C for 3-5 h, is taken out, is heated to 80-90 DEG C, and then filtration is conducted to obtain a filtrate c and a filter residue d, the filtrate c and the filtrate b are mixed, and then concentration and drying are conducted under reduced pressure to obtain a mineralized component;

[0014] B: Nutrient fortifier preparation 20-30 parts of corn straw powder, 15-18 parts of bean dregs, 33-45 parts of apple dregs, and 55-60 parts of mushroom sticks are mixed uniformly, the water content is adjusted to be 76-83%, 3-6 parts of EM bacteria is added, and then fermentation is conducted for 20-30 days, water is added to dilute by 140-150 times, filtration is conducted, the mineralized component, praseodymium chloride and pectin prepared in the above step are added into the filtrate, and then mixing is conducted uniformly.

[0015] Further, the leek seed sowing density is 1-1.5 kg / mu.

[0016] Further, the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 11-15%.

[0017] Further, the mass fraction of the acetic acid solution is 77-83%.

[0018] Further, the amount of the nutrient fortifier is 40-45 kg / mu.

[0019] Further, the amount of the mineralized component is 3-5% of the mass of the filtrate.

[0020] Further, the amount of the praseodymium chloride is 0.003-0.005% of the mass of the filtrate.

[0021] Further, the amount of the pectin is 4-6% of the mass of the filtrate.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the present application are embodied in:

[0023] The present application plants leeks under the kiwi fruit forest, uses the few insects of leeks, not only activates the soil to conserve the water and fertilizer under the forest, but also can adsorb a large amount of fertilizer material for the soil to promote the growth of kiwi fruit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions of the present application will be further limited in combination with specific embodiments, but the scope of protection is not only limited to the description.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for reducing kiwi fruit canker, comprising the following steps:

[0027] (1) Kiwi fruit under the forest interplanting

[0028] Plant kiwi fruit according to the row spacing of 3 meters and the plant spacing of 2 meters, and sow leek seeds between the kiwi fruit row spacing; the sowing density of the leek seeds is 1 kg per mu;

[0029] (2) Forest insect control

[0030] After the kiwi fruit under the forest interplanting is completed, the nutrient enhancer is sprayed in the sunny evening, and the spraying is carried out twice a month, and the spraying time is 5 hours apart from the ordinary disease control drug spraying time;

[0031] The preparation method of the nutrient enhancer is:

[0032] A: Mineralized component extraction

[0033] 1 part of peach pits, 1 part of apricot pits and 4 parts of litchi pits are placed in the sun for 2 days, crushed into 2mm crushed powder in a roller compactor, placed in a frying pan, fried at 80℃ for 13min, crushed into 80 mesh powder, 2 times the mass of water is added, 0.3 parts of nitric acid solution is added, stirred for 13min, the temperature is raised to 40℃, and the soaking is continued for 20min to obtain a mixture a;

[0034] The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 11%;

[0035] 40 parts of mangrove leaves, 14 parts of suaeda, 22 parts of salicornia bigelovii were pulped, 130 parts of distilled water was added, stirred uniformly, 2 parts of potassium hydroxide was added, the temperature was increased to 66℃, soaked for 2h, added mixture a, diluted with distilled water by 3 times, treated with ultrasonic wave at 40℃ for 20min, filtered to obtain filtrate b and residue; the obtained residue was mixed with acetic acid solution according to a mass ratio of 1:4, and was placed at-20℃ for 3h, then was heated to 80℃ to filter to obtain filtrate c and residue d, the filtrate c and the filtrate b were mixed, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain the mineralized component; the mass fraction of the acetic acid solution is 77%;

[0036] B: preparation of nutrient enhancer 20 parts of corn straw powder, 15 parts of bean dregs, 33 parts of apple dregs, 55 parts of mushroom stick were mixed uniformly, the moisture content was adjusted to 76%, 3 parts of EM bacteria was added and fermented for 20 days, diluted with water by 140 times, filtered, the mineralized component prepared in the previous step, praseodymium chloride and pectin were added to the filtrate and mixed uniformly, the amount of the nutrient enhancer was 40kg / acre; the amount of the mineralized component was 3% of the mass of the filtrate; the amount of praseodymium chloride was 0.003% of the mass of the filtrate; the amount of pectin was 4% of the mass of the filtrate.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A method for reducing kiwifruit canker disease by interplanting, comprising the following steps:

[0039] (1) interplanting under kiwifruit trees

[0040] The kiwifruit was planted at a row spacing of 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2.5 meters, and leek seeds were sown between the kiwifruit row spacing; the sowing density of the leek seeds was 1.5kg / acre;

[0041] (2) forest insect pest control

[0042] After the interplanting under kiwifruit trees was completed, a nutrient enhancer was sprayed in the evening on a sunny day, and spraying was performed twice a month, with an interval of 8h between each spraying time and the spraying time of ordinary disease control drugs;

[0043] The preparation method of the nutrient enhancer is as follows:

[0044] A: extraction of mineralized component

[0045] 3 parts of peach pits, 5 parts of apricot pits, and 9 parts of litchi pits were placed in the sun for 3 days, crushed into 3mm powder in a roller mill, placed in a frying pan, and fried at 90℃ for 19min, and then pulverized into 100 mesh powder, 4 times the mass of the powder of water was added, 0.5 parts of nitric acid solution was added, stirred for 15min, the temperature was increased to 45℃, and continued to soak for 23min to obtain mixture a;

[0046] The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 15%.

[0047] Mix 50 parts of mangrove leaves, 18 parts of suaeda, and 28 parts of salicornia with 144 parts of distilled water, stir evenly, add 3 parts of potassium hydroxide, raise the temperature to 77℃, soak for 3h, add mixture a, dilute 5 times with distilled water, treat with ultrasonic wave at 43℃ for 23min, filter to obtain filtrate b and residue; mix the obtained residue with acetic acid solution according to a mass ratio of 1:5, stand still at minus 24℃ for 5h, take out and filter at 90℃ to obtain filtrate c and residue d, mix filtrate c and filtrate b, concentrate under reduced pressure and dry to obtain mineralized components; the mass fraction of the acetic acid solution is 83%;

[0048] B: Preparation of nutrient enhancer

[0049] Mix 30 parts of corn straw powder, 18 parts of bean dregs, 45 parts of apple dregs, and 60 parts of mushroom stick evenly, adjust the moisture content to 83%, add 6 parts of EM bacteria and ferment for 30 days, dilute 150 times with water, filter, and mix the mineralized components, praseodymium chloride, and pectin prepared in the previous step evenly in the filtrate; the amount of the nutrient enhancer is 45kg / acre; the amount of the mineralized components is 5% of the mass of the filtrate; the amount of praseodymium chloride is 0.005% of the mass of the filtrate; and the amount of pectin is 6% of the mass of the filtrate.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] A method for reducing kiwifruit canker disease by interplanting, comprising the following steps:

[0052] (1) Interplanting under kiwifruit trees

[0053] Plant kiwifruit with a row spacing of 3.4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 meters, and sow leek seeds between the kiwifruit row spacing; the sowing density of the leek seeds is 1.5kg / acre;

[0054] (2) In-forest pest control

[0055] After interplanting under kiwifruit trees is completed, spray the nutrient enhancer in the evening on a sunny day, spray twice a month, and the spraying time is 6h apart from the spraying time of ordinary disease control drugs each time;

[0056] The preparation method of the nutrient enhancer is as follows:

[0057] A: Extraction of mineralized components

[0058] Take 3 parts of peach pits, 1 part of apricot pits, 9 parts of lychee pits, and place them in the sun for 3 days. Grind them into 2mm powder in a roller mill, and place them in a frying pan. Fry at 90℃ for 19min, and grind into 80 mesh powder. Add 4 times the mass of distilled water, and 0.3 parts of nitric acid solution. Stir for 15min, and raise the temperature to 40℃. Continue to soak for 23min to obtain mixture a;

[0059] The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 15%;

[0060] Take 50 parts of mangrove leaves, 14 parts of alkali potherb, and 28 parts of saltmarsh rush, and beat them into pulp. Add 130 parts of distilled water, and stir until uniform. Add 3 parts of potassium hydroxide, and raise the temperature to 66℃. Soak for 3h, and add mixture a. Dilute with 3 times the mass of distilled water, and treat with ultrasonic waves at 43℃ for 20min. Filter to obtain filtrate b. Mix the obtained residue with an acetic acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:4, and let stand at -24℃ for 5h. Filter at 80℃ to obtain filtrate c and residue d. Mix filtrate c and filtrate b, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain the mineralized component. The mass fraction of the acetic acid solution is 83%;

[0061] B: Preparation of a nutrient fortifier

[0062] Mix 28 parts of corn straw powder, 17 parts of bean dregs, 45 parts of apple dregs, and 55 parts of mushroom sticks until uniform. Adjust the water content to 83%, and add 3 parts of EM bacteria. Ferment for 30 days, dilute with water to 150 times the mass, and filter. Add the mineralized component, praseodymium chloride, and pectin prepared in the previous step to the filtrate, and mix until uniform. The amount of the nutrient fortifier used is 45kg / acre. The amount of the mineralized component used is 3% of the mass of the filtrate. The amount of praseodymium chloride used is 0.005% of the mass of the filtrate. The amount of pectin used is 4% of the mass of the filtrate.

[0063] Comparative example settings:

[0064] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the leek in step (1) is replaced by rape; Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the preparation of the nutritional fortifier does not use praseodymium chloride. Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the preparation of the nutritional fortifier does not use mangrove leaves.

[0065] Test example 1

[0066] Plant kiwifruits according to examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3, respectively. There is no mutual influence between the groups. Uniformly manage water and fertilizer. Base fertilizer, topdressing, and control drugs are used according to conventional planting. Use decomposed cow dung as base fertilizer at a dosage of 1200kg / acre. Use compound fertilizer as topdressing at a dosage of 230kg / acre. The statistics of the occurrence of bacterial wilt during planting are as follows:

[0067] Refer to the specific grading method in the "Bactericide Control of Citrus Bacterial Wilt Efficacy Test Criteria" as follows:

[0068] 0 level: no obvious disease spots on the whole plant;

[0069] Grade 1: only leaf visible obvious lesion, and lesion area is less than 20%;

[0070] Grade 2: leaf and branch have obvious lesion, but lesion around branch is less than 25%, and main stem has no lesion or lesion area is less than 50%;

[0071] Grade 3: branch, leaf and main stem have obvious lesion, and main stem lesion area is 50%-75%;

[0072] Grade 4: whole plant is diseased, dead or main stem lesion area is more than 75%.

[0073] Calculation formula:

[0074] Disease rate (%) = number of diseased plants / total number of plants surveyed

[0075] After kiwi fruit is harvested, the content of gallic acid in each group of kiwi fruit is detected according to the method of "RP-HPLC method for determining the content of catechin and epicatechin in kiwi fruit roots".

[0076] The results are as follows: gallic acid (4.436 μg / g)

[0077] Incidence of bacterial wilt Gallate acid content μg / g Example 1 5.78 4.673 Example 2 4.31 4.791 Example 3 5.44 4.542 Comparative Example 1 11.88 4.172 Comparative Example 2 15.79 3.864 Comparative Example 3 12.62 4.133

[0078] As can be seen from the table, the kiwi fruit of examples 1-3 interplanted according to the method of the application not only has low incidence of canker disease, but also has significantly higher content of gallic acid in kiwi fruit than comparative examples 1-3, obviously the method of the application is suitable for the growth characteristics of kiwi fruit, and can significantly improve the planting quality of kiwi fruit.

Claims

1. A method of reducing kiwifruit canker by interplanting, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) Under-planting of kiwi fruit Plant kiwi fruit with a row spacing of 3-4 m and a plant spacing of 2-2.5 m, and sow leek seeds between the row spacing of the kiwi fruit; (2) In-forest pest control After the under-planting of kiwi fruit is completed, a nutrient enhancer is sprayed in the evening when the weather is fine, and the spraying is performed twice a month, and the spraying time is 5-8 h apart from the spraying time of common disease control drugs; The preparation method of the nutrient enhancer is as follows: A: Extraction of mineralized components 1-3 parts of peach pits, 1-5 parts of apricot pits, and 4-9 parts of litchi pits are placed in the sun for 2-3 days, crushed into 2-3 mm of crushed powder in a roller mill, placed in a frying pan, and fried at 80-90 DEG C for 13-19 min, and then pulverized into 80-100 mesh powder, 2-4 times the mass of the powder is added to the water, 0.3-0.5 parts of nitric acid solution is added, stirred for 13-15 min, the temperature is raised to 40-45 DEG C, and the soaking is continued for 20-23 min, and a mixture a is obtained; 40-50 parts of mangrove leaves, 14-18 parts of suaeda, and 22-28 parts of salicornia are beaten, 130-144 parts of distilled water is added, stirred uniformly, 2-3 parts of potassium hydroxide is added, the temperature is raised to 66-77 DEG C, and the soaking is continued for 2-3 h, the mixture a is added, diluted with distilled water by 3-5 times, treated with ultrasonic wave at 40-43 DEG C for 20-23 min, filtered, and a filtrate b is obtained; the obtained residue is mixed with acetic acid solution according to a mass ratio of 1:4-5, placed at minus 20-24 DEG C for 3-5 h, taken out, heated to 80-90 DEG C, and filtered to obtain a filtrate c and a residue d, the filtrate c and the filtrate b are mixed, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain mineralized components; B: Preparation of the nutrient enhancer 2. The interplanting method for reducing the kiwifruit canker according to claim 1, wherein, 20-30 parts of corn straw powder, 15-18 parts of bean dregs, 33-45 parts of apple dregs, and 55-60 parts of mushroom sticks are mixed uniformly, the water content is adjusted to 76-83%, 3-6 parts of EM bacteria is added, and fermented for 20-30 days, diluted with water by 140-150 times, filtered, and the mineralized components, praseodymium chloride, and pectin prepared in the previous step are added to the filtrate and mixed uniformly.

3. The interplanting method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The sowing density of the leek seeds is 1-1.5 kg / mu.

4. The interplanting method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 11-15%.

5. The interplanting method of claim 4, wherein the method is characterized by, The mass fraction of the acetic acid solution is 77-83%.

6. The interplanting method of claim 4, wherein the method is characterized by, The amount of the nutrient enhancer is 40-45 kg / mu.

7. The interplanting method of claim 4, wherein the method is characterized by, The amount of the mineralized components is 3-5% of the mass of the filtrate.

8. The interplanting method of claim 1, wherein the method is for reducing the incidence of kiwifruit canker, and wherein the method further comprises the step of: The amount of the praseodymium chloride is 0.003-0.005% of the mass of the filtrate. The amount of the pectin is 4-6% of the mass of the filtrate. ​