A kitchen waste pretreatment system, method, its pulping device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pretreatment system and method for kitchen waste, as well as a pulping device and method thereof. The device includes a tank body, a cutter drive shaft, radial crushing cutters, axial crushing cutters and spiral winding cutters; a water inlet and a feed inlet are provided at the top of the tank body, a plurality of vertically distributed turbulence ribs are provided on the inner wall of the tank body, and a light debris outlet, a slurry outlet and a heavy debris outlet are successively provided on the side of the tank body from top to bottom; the cutter drive shaft is rotatably vertically penetrated through the bottom of the tank body and sealed with the bottom of the tank body; the radial crushing cutters, axial crushing cutters and spiral winding cutters are successively fixed on the cutter drive shaft from bottom to top. On the one hand, the yield of organic substances and animal and vegetable oils and fats in the kitchen waste during the pretreatment process is improved; on the other hand, the risk probability of hard objects such as metal parts getting stuck in the axial clearance or radial clearance of equipment such as a separator, a solid-liquid separator, a conveyor and a dehydrator is reduced, and damage to the equipment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and in particular to a kitchen waste pretreatment system and method, and a pulping device and method. Background Art

[0002] The composition of food waste is complex, and its main feature is the high water content, which can reach 85-90%, and the animal and plant oil content in the wastewater is as high as 5-8%. The food waste treatment plant adopts professional pretreatment process methods and equipment to separate organic matter and animal and plant oils from food waste. Effective extraction and separation of animal and plant oils (oil phase) is beneficial to the subsequent sewage treatment process; effective extraction and separation of organic matter (slag phase) can maximize the resource utilization of food waste. The current pretreatment process methods and equipment can achieve an oil extraction rate of 2-5% relative to the total amount of sewage generated; the obtained slag phase (organic matter) can reach 70-80% of the total amount of organic matter entering the site.

[0003] The pretreatment process currently used is as follows: Figure 1 The food waste entering the factory is first weighed and measured, then unloaded into the unloading chute, and then transported to the automatic sorting machine. The leachate (liquid phase) generated during the process of entering the automatic sorting machine through the unloading chute enters the leachate collection tank. Commonly used sorting equipment includes swing screens, vibrating screens, vibrating bar gratings, etc. The screened material is regarded as the sorted organic matter and passes through the screened material pumping system or other conveying equipment, and then enters the screened material solid-liquid separator. The screened material is made into slag phase and liquid phase by the solid-liquid separator. The slag phase is input into the wet material preparation bin to serve as the organic raw material of the biochemical treatment machine to produce organic fertilizer or protein feed, etc.; the liquid phase is input into the leachate storage tank, and then passes through the homogenization and sand removal system, the wet and hot hydrolysis system to the three-phase separator, and the oil phase produced by the three-phase separator is input into the oil buffer tank; the slag phase of the three-phase separator is input into the wet material preparation bin to serve as the organic raw material of the biochemical treatment machine to produce organic fertilizer or protein feed, etc.; the water phase of the three-phase separator is input into the sewage anaerobic digestion system to produce biogas, and is discharged after the sewage treatment meets the standards. The oversize material produced by the sorting equipment is transported and squeezed out of the spiral dehydrator as non-organic matter, and the liquid phase enters the leachate collection tank; the solid phase enters the large debris transport storage tank, and is subsequently transported to the waste incineration plant for incineration and power generation.

[0004] The above traditional technological process has two problems: 1. The oversize materials obtained by the sorting equipment are wrapped with a large amount of organic matter, animal and vegetable oils and fats, and sewage. Although they enter the large debris external transportation storage tank after being dewatered by screw extrusion, the dehydration is not complete and they are still wrapped with a large amount of oily sewage, ultimately affecting the resource utilization rate of the organic matter in the kitchen waste, only 70-80%; affecting the oil extraction rate of animal and vegetable oils and fats, only 2-5%; forming a relatively large amount of external transportation large debris with a high moisture content, resulting in a large cost for external transportation and disposal. 2. The undersize materials formed by the sorting equipment still contain a large number of small-sized debris, such as metal parts like knives, forks, spoons, bolts, nuts, bottle caps, as well as glass bottle and porcelain fragments, shells, plastic sheets, toothpicks, small towels, etc. After these small-sized debris enter the subsequent solid-liquid separator and dewatering equipment, hard objects such as metal parts are likely to get stuck in the axial clearance or radial clearance of the equipment, leading to equipment damage and frequent operation shutdown accidents. Moreover, lightweight debris such as plastic sheets and toothpicks entering the subsequent processes also affect the final product quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a kitchen waste pretreatment system, method, its pulping device and method, which on the one hand improve the yield (resource utilization rate) of organic matter and animal and vegetable oils and fats in the kitchen waste during the pretreatment process; on the other hand, reduce the risk probability of hard objects such as metal parts getting stuck in the axial clearance or radial clearance of equipment such as sorting machines, solid-liquid separators, conveyors and dewatering equipment, and reduce damage to the equipment.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a pulping device for kitchen waste pretreatment, including a tank body, a tool drive shaft, radial crushing knives, axial crushing knives and spiral winding knives; an inlet and a feed inlet are provided at the top of the tank body, a plurality of evenly distributed vertical flow disturbing ribs are provided on the inner wall of the tank body, and a light debris outlet, a slurry outlet and a heavy debris outlet are provided on the side of the tank body from top to bottom in sequence; the tool drive shaft is rotatably vertically penetrated through the bottom of the tank body and sealed with the bottom of the tank body; the radial crushing knives are sleeved and fixed at the upper end of the tool drive shaft, and the radial crushing knives have a plurality of blades along the radial direction of the tank body; the axial crushing knives are sleeved and fixed at the upper end of the tool drive shaft and are located above the radial crushing knives, and the axial crushing knives have a plurality of blades parallel to the axis of the tank body; the spiral winding knives are vertically fixed at the upper end of the tool drive shaft, and the surface of the spiral winding knives has spiral blades that rise or fall spirally.

[0008] Furthermore, both the top and bottom of the tank body are open. A tank body upper cover is hermetically fixed to the open top of the tank body, and a sediment well is hermetically fixed to the open bottom of the tank body. The sediment well includes a middle shell, an upper well plate, a lower well plate, and an outer well plate. The middle shell is a cylindrical barrel with a sealed top and an open bottom. The upper well plate is an annular plate with a lower middle and a higher outer edge. The lower well plate is an annular plate with a higher middle and a lower outer edge. The upper well plate and the lower well plate are arranged around the middle shell, with the upper well plate above the lower well plate. The outer well plate is a cylindrical barrel and is fixed to the outer periphery of the upper well plate and the lower well plate. A heavy debris outlet is opened on the outer well plate, and multiple holes for the passage of heavy debris are opened on the upper well plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the pulping device further includes a bearing seat, a bearing, a cutter driving device, a bearing seat sealing cover, and a bearing seat sealing cover leakage port pipe. A bearing seat mounting hole is provided in the middle of the top plate of the middle shell, and the bearing seat is fixed at the bearing seat mounting hole. The bearing is installed in the bearing seat. The cutter transmission shaft is passed through the bearing, and the lower end of the cutter transmission shaft is in transmission connection with the cutter driving device. The bearing seat sealing cover is a rotary shell with an open bottom and a shaft passing hole at the upper end. The lower end of the bearing seat sealing cover is hermetically fixed to the top plate of the middle shell, and the upper end of the cutter transmission shaft passes through the shaft passing hole and is sealed. The upper end of the bearing seat sealing cover leakage port pipe is fixed to the top plate of the middle shell and communicates with the enclosed space formed by the bearing seat sealing cover and the top plate of the middle shell. The lower end of the bearing seat sealing cover leakage port pipe is connected to the material inlet of the slurry storage tank.

[0010] Furthermore, the inside of the tank body is divided into an empty storage section, a light debris storage section, a slurry storage section, and a heavy debris storage section from top to bottom. The light debris outlet is arranged on the periphery of the light debris storage section. The slurry outlet is arranged on the periphery of the slurry storage section, and a hemispherical screen cover is provided at the slurry outlet. The heavy debris storage section is the sediment well. The axis of rotation of the light debris storage section is parallel to the axis of rotation of the tank body but has an eccentricity.

[0011] Further, the feed inlet of the tank body is connected to the material outlet of the kitchen waste receiving bin through a conveyor with an automatic weighing system; the water inlet of the tank body is connected to the water outlet of the aqueous phase storage tank through a water inlet pipe, and a water pump, a manual flange ball valve, and an electric flange ball valve are sequentially connected in series on the water inlet pipe from the aqueous phase storage tank to the tank body; the light debris outlet is connected to the material inlet of the screw dehydrator through a light debris outlet pipe system, and a pneumatic knife gate valve is provided on the light debris outlet pipe system; the heavy debris outlet is connected to the material inlet of the screw dehydrator through a heavy debris outlet pipe system, and a pneumatic knife gate valve is provided on the heavy debris outlet pipe system; the slurry outlet is connected to the material inlet of the second solid-liquid separator through a slurry outlet pipe, and an electric flange ball valve is provided on the slurry outlet pipe.

[0012] Further, the pulping device further includes a controller and an ultrasonic level gauge; the ultrasonic level gauge is arranged on the upper cover of the tank body for detecting the height value H between the liquid level in the tank body and the upper cover of the tank body; the controller is communicatively connected to the ultrasonic level gauge and the automatic weighing system of the conveyor to obtain the height value H and the weight G of the transported kitchen waste, and the controller is controllably connected to the tool driving device, the conveyor, the water pump, the electric flange ball valve on the water inlet pipe, the pneumatic knife gate valve of the light debris outlet pipe system, the electric flange ball valve of the slurry outlet pipe, and the pneumatic knife gate valve of the heavy debris outlet pipe system to control the operation of each part.

[0013] Further, an observation hole is provided at the top of the tank body, and a maintenance opening is provided at the side of the tank body.

[0014] In a second aspect of the present invention, a pulping method for kitchen waste pretreatment is provided, and pulping is performed using the pulping device as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0015] In a third aspect of the present invention, a kitchen waste pretreatment system is provided, including the pulping device as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0016] In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a kitchen waste pretreatment method is provided, and kitchen waste is pretreated using the pretreatment system as described in the third aspect of the present invention.

[0017] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The three processes of sorting, crushing, and pulping, which were completed in three devices, are changed to be completed in one device through one process;

[0019] 2. It can adapt to the complexity of the composition of kitchen waste, distinguish and independently discharge the first type of substances (food residues such as rice and flour, fruits and vegetables, fish, meat, animal and vegetable oils, etc.), the second type of substances (metal parts such as knives, forks, spoons, bolts, nuts, bottle caps, etc., as well as heavy-quality sundries such as glass bottle fragments, porcelain fragments, and shells), and the third type of substances (light-quality sundries such as plastic bag fragments, disposable tableware, toothpicks, bamboo and wood, paper towels, and small towel fragments); replacing the existing sorting equipment (automatic sorter), the sorting is carried out during water addition, stirring, crushing, and screening. The light sundries and heavy sundries correspond to the oversize materials of the automatic sorter, with less entrained organic matter and animal and vegetable oils, improving the resource utilization rate;

[0020] 3. When in contact with the material and making relative movement, there is no axial clearance or radial clearance between the shell and the rotating body parts, and there will be no phenomenon of hard objects such as metal parts getting stuck; at the same time, it separates and independently discharges hard objects such as metal parts (the second type of substances) from the first type of substances, and will not get stuck in the axial clearance or radial clearance of subsequent sorting machines, solid-liquid separators, conveyors, and dehydrating equipment;

[0021] 4. Under the action of the radial crushing knife, axial crushing knife, and spiral winding knife, it can effectively crush organic substances such as large-volume food residues of rice and flour, fruits and vegetables, fish, meat, and bone residues, changing them into liquids or granular bodies mainly containing organic substances such as starch, cellulose, fat, protein, and animal and vegetable oils;

[0022] 5. Under the action of the radial crushing knife, axial crushing knife, and spiral winding knife, it can mostly destroy the cells of components such as unspoiled fruits and vegetables, fish, meat, and bones, thereby releasing cell sap;

[0023] 6. The controller automatically adjusts the water inflow based on the H and G values, and then automatically adjusts the pulp concentration;

[0024] 7. Under the control of the controller, it can continuously discharge the slurry, continuously discharge the light sundries, and regularly discharge the heavy sundries, realizing continuous feeding and water inlet operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other implementation drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings.

[0026] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the implementation conditions of the present invention. Therefore, they do not have substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present invention can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart of the prior art in the background art of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a process flow chart of the pretreatment provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the pulping device for the pretreatment of kitchen waste provided in the embodiment of the present invention (a top view after removing the upper cover of the tank body, spiral stirring knives, etc.);

[0030] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 the sectional view taken along A-A in

[0031] Figure 5 It is Figure 3 the sectional view taken along B-B in

[0032] Figure 6 It is Figure 3 the sectional view taken along C-C in

[0033] Figure 7 It is Figure 5 the partial enlarged view of D in

[0034] Figure 8 It is Figure 6 the end view of E in

[0035] In the figure: 1 - Tool driving device, 2 - Tank body, 3 - Turbulence ribs, 4 - DN350 light debris outlet pipeline system, 5 - DN32 manual flange ball valve, 6 - DN32 electric flange ball valve, 7 - DN32 water inlet pipeline, 8 - Observation port, 9 - Ultrasonic level gauge, 10 - Feed inlet, 11 - Upper cover of the tank body, 12 - DN200 electric flange ball valve, 13 - DN200 slurry outlet pipeline, 14 - Sediment well, 15 - Tool drive shaft, 16 - Radial crushing knife, 17 - Axial crushing knife, 18 - Spiral stirring knife, 19 - DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve, 20 - DN350 heavy debris outlet pipeline system, 21 - Leakage port pipeline of bearing seat seal cover, 22 - Bearing seat seal cover, 23 - Maintenance port, 24 - Tank body support, 25 - Middle shell, 26 - Upper well plate, 27 - Lower well plate, 28 - Outer well plate, 29 - Bearing seat. Detailed implementation mode

[0036] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation mode of the present invention. Those skilled in this technology can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear narration, rather than used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship, without substantial change in technical content, should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention.

[0038] As Figures 1-8 shown, in the first aspect of this embodiment, a pulping device for the pretreatment of kitchen waste is provided, which includes a tank body 2, a tool drive shaft 15, a radial crushing knife 16, an axial crushing knife 17 and a spiral winding knife 18. The top of the tank body 2 is provided with a water inlet and a feed inlet 10. The inner wall of the tank body 2 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed vertical flow disturbing ribs 3. The side of the tank body 2 is successively provided with a light debris outlet, a slurry outlet and a heavy debris outlet from top to bottom. The tool drive shaft 15 is rotatably vertically penetrated through the bottom of the tank body 2 and sealed with the bottom of the tank body 2. The radial crushing knife 16 is sleeved and fixed on the upper end of the tool drive shaft 15. The radial crushing knife 16 has a plurality of blades along the radial direction of the tank body 2. The axial crushing knife 17 is sleeved and fixed on the upper end of the tool drive shaft 15 and is located above the radial crushing knife 16. The axial crushing knife 17 has a plurality of blades parallel to the axis of the tank body 2. The spiral winding knife 18 is vertically fixed on the upper end of the tool drive shaft 15. The surface of the spiral winding knife 18 has spiral blades that spiral upward or downward.

[0039] The top and bottom of the tank body 2 are both open. A tank cover 11 is sealed and fixed to the top opening of the tank body 2, and a sludge well 14 is sealed and fixed to the bottom opening of the tank body 2. The sludge well 14 includes a middle shell 25, an upper well plate 26, a lower well plate 27 and an outer well plate 28. The middle shell 25 is a cylindrical body with a sealed top and an open bottom. The top plate of the middle shell 25 can be a whole plate or a spliced plate, but it is necessary to ensure sealing. The upper well plate 26 is an annular plate with a low inside and a high outside. The lower well plate 27 is an annular plate with a high inside and a low outside. The upper well plate 26 and the lower well plate 27 are arranged around the middle shell 25, and the upper well plate 26 is located above the lower well plate 27. The top plate of the middle shell 25 and the upper well plate 26 or the lower well plate 27 constitute the bottom plate of the tank body 2. The well outer plate 28 is a cylindrical tube, and the well outer plate 28 is fixed to the outer periphery of the upper well plate 26 and the lower well plate 27; the well outer plate 28 can be formed as an integral structure with the tank body 2. A heavy debris outlet is provided in the well outer plate 28, and a plurality of holes for heavy debris to pass through are provided in the upper well plate 26.

[0040] The pulping device also includes a bearing seat 29, a bearing, a tool drive device 1, a bearing seat sealing cover 22 and a bearing seat sealing cover leakage port pipe 21. A bearing seat mounting hole is provided in the middle of the top plate of the middle shell 25, and the bearing seat 29 is fixed at the bearing seat mounting hole. The bearing is installed in the bearing seat 29. The tool transmission shaft 15 is passed through the bearing, and the lower end of the tool transmission shaft 15 is connected to the tool drive device 1 in a transmission manner. The bearing seat sealing cover 22 is a rotary shell with an open lower end and an axial hole provided at the upper end. The lower end of the bearing seat sealing cover 22 is sealed and fixed on the top plate of the middle shell 25, and the upper end of the tool transmission shaft 15 passes through the axial hole and is sealed. The upper end of the bearing seat sealing cover leakage port pipe 21 is fixed to the top plate of the middle shell 25 and communicates with the closed space surrounded by the bearing seat sealing cover 22 and the top plate of the middle shell 25, and the lower end of the bearing seat sealing cover leakage port pipe 21 is connected to the material inlet of the slurry storage tank.

[0041] The tank body 2 is divided into an empty bin section, a light debris bin section, a slurry bin section and a heavy debris bin section from top to bottom. The light debris outlet is arranged on the peripheral side of the light debris bin section. The slurry outlet is arranged on the peripheral side of the slurry bin section and a hemispherical screen cover is arranged at the slurry outlet. The heavy debris bin section is a sediment well 14. The rotation axis of the light debris bin section is parallel to the rotation axis of the tank body 2 but has an eccentricity.

[0042] The feed inlet 10 of the tank body 2 is connected to the material outlet of the kitchen waste receiving bin through a conveyor with an automatic weighing system. The water inlet of the tank body 2 is connected to the water outlet of the water phase storage tank through a water inlet pipe. A water pump, a manual flange ball valve, and an electric flange ball valve are connected in series on the water inlet pipe in the direction from the water phase storage tank to the tank body 2. The light debris outlet is connected to the material inlet of the screw dehydrator through a light debris outlet pipe system, and a pneumatic knife gate valve is provided in the light debris outlet pipe system. The heavy debris outlet is connected to the material inlet of the screw dehydrator through a heavy debris outlet pipe system, and a pneumatic knife gate valve is provided in the heavy debris outlet pipe system. The slurry outlet is connected to the material inlet of the second solid-liquid separator through a slurry outlet pipe, and an electric flange ball valve is provided in the slurry outlet pipe.

[0043] The pulping device further includes a controller and an ultrasonic level gauge 9. Among them, the controller is an electric control system and a PLC. The ultrasonic level gauge 9 is arranged on the upper cover 11 of the tank body and is used to detect the height value H between the liquid level in the tank body 2 and the upper cover 11 of the tank body. The controller is communicatively connected to the ultrasonic level gauge 9 and the automatic weighing system of the conveyor to obtain the height value H and the weight G of the transported kitchen waste. The controller is connected to the tool driving device 1, the conveyor, the water pump, the electric flange ball valve on the water inlet pipe, the pneumatic knife gate valve of the light debris outlet pipe system, the electric flange ball valve of the slurry outlet pipe, and the pneumatic knife gate valve of the heavy debris outlet pipe system for controlling the operation of each part.

[0044] An observation hole is provided at the top of the tank body 2, and a maintenance opening 23 is provided at the side of the tank body 2.

[0045] In addition, in the second aspect of this embodiment, a pulping method for kitchen waste pretreatment is provided, using the above pulping device for pulping; in the third aspect, a kitchen waste pretreatment system is provided, including the above pulping device; in the fourth aspect, a kitchen waste pretreatment method is provided, using the above pretreatment system to pretreat kitchen waste.

[0046] The structure (structural principle) of the pulping device provided in this embodiment is as follows.

[0047] 1. After the kitchen waste enters the factory for weighing and metering, it is poured into the kitchen waste unloading trough at one time, enters the kitchen waste receiving bin through the conveying screw in the unloading trough, and is fed into the feed inlet 10 of the pulping device through the conveyor with an automatic weighing system, and the kitchen waste enters the tank body 2. The feed inlet 10 is fixedly installed on the upper cover 11 of the tank body. The upper cover 11 of the tank body is fastened to the tank body 2 with bolts and nuts.

[0048] 2. The tool driving device 1 is fastened to the fixed mounting seat of the tank body bracket 24 with bolts and nuts, and drives the tool transmission shaft 15 to rotate through a pulley and a belt.

[0049] 3. A sediment well 14 is welded to the bottom of the tank body 2, and a tank body support 24 is welded to the lower surface of the lower well plate 27 of the sediment well 14. The tank body support 24 is installed and fixed on the equipment foundation of the workshop with anchor bolts.

[0050] 4. The sediment well 14 serves both as a container to hold heavy impurities and as the bottom plate of the tank body 2; among them, the top plate of the middle shell 25 is used as the bottom plate of the tank body 2.

[0051] 5. The circular flange of the bearing seat is connected to the bottom plate of the tank body 2. After adding a gasket between the two, they are fastened and connected with bolts to completely seal the bottom of the tank body 2; the cutter drive shaft 15 is restricted from moving up and down by two bearings inside the bearing seat.

[0052] 6. The round hole at the upper end of the bearing seat seal cover 22 is sleeved on the shaft diameter of the cutter drive shaft 15, and a rotary seal ring is used to prevent liquid from entering the bearing seat seal cover 22; the circular flange at the lower end of the bearing seat seal cover 22 is connected to the bottom plate of the tank body 2. After adding a gasket between the two, they are fastened and connected with bolts.

[0053] 7. The pipeline of the leakage port of the bearing seat seal cover 21 is connected to the bottom plate of the tank body 2. The pipeline of the leakage port of the seal cover is connected to the slurry storage tank. The pipeline of the leakage port of the seal cover is in a normally open state, so that the inside of the bearing seat seal cover 22 is in a normal atmospheric pressure state, thereby ensuring the seal of the bearing seat and preventing the liquid in the tank body 2 from entering the bearing seat.

[0054] 8. The radial crushing knife 16 and the axial crushing knife 17 are positioned on the square shaft diameter of the cutter drive shaft 15 through the central square holes on their own knife bodies, and then through the connecting through holes on the spiral agitation knife fixing plate, they are installed and fastened together on the cutter drive shaft 15 with fastening bolts, and then driven to rotate by the cutter drive device 1. It realizes the horizontal and vertical crushing and the up and down agitation of the kitchen waste. The radial crushing knife 16 realizes the horizontal cutting and crushing of the kitchen waste, the axial crushing knife 17 realizes the longitudinal cutting and crushing of the kitchen waste, and the spiral agitation knife realizes the up and down turning of the stirred liquid phase in the tank body 2.

[0055] 9. Eight flow disturbing ribs 3 are evenly welded inside the tank body 2 to realize the disturbance when the mixed liquid of kitchen waste and water phase rotates around the axis of the tank body 2, so that the materials collide, are crushed, and release cell liquid.

[0056] 10. The DN32 water inlet pipeline 7 is installed on the upper cover 11 of the tank body. The DN32 electric flange ball valve 6 and the DN32 manual flange ball valve 5 are successively installed in series on the DN32 water inlet pipeline 7 and connected to the water phase storage tank, and water is injected into the tank body 2 with a water pump.

[0057] 11. The observation port 8 is welded on the upper cover 11 of the tank body. The ultrasonic level gauge 9 is threadedly connected to the upper cover 11 of the tank body and is used to detect the height value H between the liquid level in the tank body 2 and the upper cover 11 of the tank body.

[0058] 12. The DN350 light debris outlet pipe system 4 is combined with the flange at the outlet of the light debris bin section at the upper part of the tank body 2 through the flange of the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve 19. After adding a gasket between the two, they are fixedly connected with bolts and nuts. There is an eccentricity between the rotation axis of the light debris bin section and the axis of the tank body 2, which is convenient for the light debris to flow out of the tank body 2 under the combined action of the floating force and centrifugal force of the water flow and enter the DN350 light debris outlet pipe system 4.

[0059] 13. The DN200 slurry outlet pipe 13 is combined with the flange at the outlet of the slurry bin section in the middle of the tank body 2 through the flange of the DN200 electric flange ball valve 12. After adding a gasket between the two, they are fixedly connected with bolts and nuts. A hemispherical screen cover is welded at the outlet of the slurry bin section in the middle of the tank body 2, and the diameter of the screen holes on the screen cover is designed and manufactured according to the particle diameter required for pulp making.

[0060] 14. The DN350 heavy debris outlet pipe system 20 is combined with the flange at the outlet of the heavy debris bin section (i.e., the sediment well 14) at the lower part of the tank body 2 through the flange of the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve 19. After adding a gasket between the two, they are fixedly connected with bolts and nuts. On the upper well plate 26 of the sediment well 14, 8 round holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, which are used for the heavy debris thrown out by the rotating cutter and liquid to slide into the sediment well 14.

[0061] 15. The inspection opening 23 is welded at the middle and lower part of the tank body 2, which is convenient for maintenance personnel to carry out maintenance.

[0062] The working principle is as follows:

[0063] 1. The classified and stored food waste (particle size ≤ 250mm x 250mm x 250mm) is sent into the food waste receiving bin, and then through the conveyor with an automatic weighing system, the food waste is dynamically weighed and put into the tank body 2. At the same time, the controller (PLC of the pulp making electrical control system) controls the opening and closing of the DN32 electric flange ball valve 6 on the DN32 water inlet pipe 7 according to the electrical signal of the weighing system, and controls the operation of the water pump at the outlet of the water phase storage tank, so as to control the change of the water supply volume into the tank body 2, and thus realize the automatic control of the pulp making concentration. The DN32 manual flange ball valve 5 is in the normally open state and is only closed when repairing the DN32 electric flange ball valve 6.

[0064] 2. The vertical distance H between the liquid level in the tank body 2 and the upper cover 11 of the tank is measured by the ultrasonic level gauge 9, and the PLC of the pulp making electrical control system realizes the automatic control of the operation of the conveyor with an automatic weighing system, the automatic control of the opening and closing of the DN32 electric flange ball valve 6, and the automatic control of the operation of the water pump at the outlet of the water phase storage tank. Prevent the slurry from overflowing the tank or the liquid level is not high enough when removing light debris. Note: During the sorting, crushing and pulp making processes, the liquid level height H is maintained at the upper edge horizontal plane of the light debris bin section.

[0065] 3. The PLC of the pulping machine electric control system automatically controls the opening and closing of the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve on the DN350 light debris outlet pipeline system 4, so that the pulping machine can discharge light debris in the designed manner. For example, it is set that after the knife drive device 1 runs for every 6 minutes, the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve on the DN350 light debris outlet pipeline system 4 will automatically open and start to discharge light debris. The process of discharging light debris ends when the liquid level drops to the lower edge plane of the light debris bin section. Then, through the electrical signal of the ultrasonic level meter 9, the PLC of the pulping machine electric control system controls the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve to automatically close. During the automatic opening process of the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve, the feeding and water inlet into the tank body 2 are still automatically controlled by the PLC of the pulping machine electric control system according to the set program, and the control parameters and requirements remain unchanged. But when the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve is automatically closed, the water pump at the outlet of the water phase storage tank will be accelerated at the same time, replenishing the water phase to the controlled liquid level height H within a set short time, and then resume operation. That is: the liquid level height H is maintained at the upper plane of the light debris bin section, and then the frequency is restored to the automatic control of the pulping concentration. This process of discharging light debris is repeated and repeated. The light debris is sorted.

[0066] The light debris outlet is connected to the spiral dehydrator, the liquid phase leachate collection tank, and the solid phase debris transport storage tank. The operation of the spiral dehydrator, the leachate collection tank water collection control, and the debris transport storage tank capacity monitoring are all controlled by the PLC linkage of the pulping machine electronic control system.

[0067] 4. The tool drive device 1 drives the tool transmission shaft 15 to rotate through the pulley and the belt, thereby driving the radial crushing knife 16, the axial crushing knife 17 and the spiral disturbance knife 18 to rotate around the axis of the tool transmission shaft 15. The horizontal and vertical crushing and up and down stirring of the food waste are realized. The radial crushing knife 16 realizes horizontal cutting and crushing of the food waste, the axial crushing knife 17 realizes vertical cutting and crushing of the food waste, and the spiral disturbance knife 18 stirs the liquid to turn up and down in the tank body. While the three sets of cutters drive the liquid to rotate around the axis of the tank body 2, they also stir the liquid to turn up and down in the tank body.

[0068] The cutter drive device 1 is automatically controlled by the PLC of the pulping machine electrical control system and rotates according to the set working program.

[0069] 5. The liquid stirred by the three sets of knives rotates around the axis of the tank 2, and large pieces of kitchen waste and debris collide with the flow disturbance ribs 3, are crushed, and release cell fluid. The light debris in the liquid is disturbed by the spiral disturbance knife 18 and floats in the light debris bin; the heavy debris is pushed into the sediment well 14 by the rotating liquid due to the centrifugal force and gravity, so that the heavy debris is sorted.

[0070] Automatically controlled by the PLC of the pulping machine's electric control system, the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve 19 on the DN350 heavy impurity outlet pipeline system 20 is automatically opened and closed, enabling the pulping machine to discharge heavy impurities according to the designed program. For example, it is set that: after the daily pulping work is completed, start (can be designed as manual / automatic) the program for discharging heavy impurities externally, automatically stop feeding and water inlet into the tank body 2; automatically stop the external discharge of the slurry in the tank body 2; automatically open the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve on the DN350 heavy impurity outlet pipeline system 20, so that the heavy impurities in the sedimentation well 14 are discharged through the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve 19 under the liquid pressure and fluid impact in the tank body; at the same time, monitor the vertical distance H between the liquid level in the tank body 2 and the upper cover 11 of the tank body through the ultrasonic level gauge 9. When H reaches the value of the liquid level height in the tank when the discharging of heavy impurities process should stop as set, the DN350 pneumatic knife gate valve on the DN350 heavy impurity outlet pipeline system 20 stops the work of discharging heavy impurities.

[0071] The heavy impurity outlet is connected to a screw dewatering machine, the liquid phase goes to the leachate collection tank, and the solid phase goes to the debris external transportation storage box.

[0072] During this period, the operation of the screw dewatering machine, the control of water collection in the leachate collection tank, the monitoring of the capacity of the debris external transportation storage box, etc. are all under the linkage control of the PLC of the pulping machine's electric control system.

[0073] 6. Automatically controlled by the PLC of the pulping machine's electric control system according to the set operating program, the pulping machine discharges the slurry according to the designed program. For example, it is set that: when the pulping machine starts working every day, first start the tool driving device 1, and after a set number of seconds of delay, then start the conveyor with an automatic weighing system, dynamically weigh the kitchen waste and put it into the tank body 2; at the same time as the feeding starts, open the DN32 electric flange ball valve 6 on the DN32 water inlet pipeline 7, and start the pump at the outlet of the water phase storage tank to supply water to the tank body 2. After the pulping machine system automatically runs to the set time (10 minutes), automatically controlled by the PLC of the pulping machine's electric control system, open the DN200 electric flange ball valve 12 on the DN200 slurry outlet pipeline 13, so that the slurry flows out from the hemispherical screen cover at the outlet of the slurry bin section in the middle of the tank body 2.

[0074] The liquid rotating around the axis of the tank body 2 and disturbing up and down has a scouring and anti-blocking effect on the outer surface of the hemispherical screen cover.

[0075] The slurry outlet is connected to a second solid-liquid separator, the liquid phase goes to the slurry storage tank, and the residue phase goes to the wet material preparation bin.

[0076] During this period, the operation of the second solid-liquid separator, the control of water collection in the slurry storage tank, the monitoring of the capacity of the wet material preparation bin, etc. are all under the linkage control of the PLC of the pulping machine's electric control system.

[0077] 7. The interlocking control of the pretreatment process system equipment connected to each inlet and outlet of the pulper is realized through communication and control by the PLC of the pulper's electric control system.

[0078] This pulper takes an industrial programmable controller as the core. Through data transmission between the network communication port of the programmable controller S7200 and the network communication port of the touch screen, the programmable controller realizes the full-automatic production process of the equipment through the buttons on the touch screen interface. There are two control modes: manual / auto.

[0079] Taking a food waste treatment plant with a total processing capacity of 100 tons per day as an example:

[0080] For 100 tons of food waste, the water content is 85 - 90 tons and the oil content is 4.25 - 7.2 tons. Without using the device and process method of the present invention, the obtained animal and vegetable oils are 1.7 - 4.5 tons; by using the device and process method of the present invention, the obtained animal and vegetable oils are 2.55 - 6.3 tons. On average, 1.33 tons more of animal and vegetable oils are extracted from 100 tons of food waste. Calculated at a selling price of 4000 yuan per ton of oil, an additional revenue of 5300 yuan can be obtained on average per day.

[0081] For 100 tons of food waste, without using the device and process method of the present invention, the large sundries that need to be transported out for disposal are 20 - 30 tons. Calculated at an external transportation disposal fee of 100 yuan per ton, the required external transportation disposal cost is 2000 - 3000 yuan; by using the device and process method of the present invention, the large sundries that need to be transported out for disposal are 5 - 15 tons, and the required external transportation disposal cost is 500 - 1500 yuan. The cost expenditure is reduced by 1500 yuan on average per day.

[0082] A pulping device can meet the production needs for a food waste treatment plant with a capacity of 100 tons per day, and the equipment purchase cost can be recovered in the same year.

[0083] The above analysis does not consider the economic benefits generated by the reduced equipment wear and tear and fault repair after using the pulping device.

[0084] Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, based on the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A pulping device for the pretreatment of kitchen waste, characterized in that, It includes a tank body, a tool transmission shaft, a radial crushing knife, an axial crushing knife and a spiral orbiting knife; The top of the tank body is provided with a water inlet and a feed inlet, the inner wall of the tank body is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed vertical spoiler ribs, the inner wall of the tank body is divided into an empty bin section, a light debris bin section, a slurry bin section and a heavy debris bin section from top to bottom, the side of the tank body is provided with a light debris outlet, a slurry outlet and a heavy debris outlet in sequence from top to bottom, the light debris outlet is provided on the peripheral side of the light debris bin section, the slurry outlet is provided on the peripheral side of the slurry bin section and a hemispherical screen cover is provided at the slurry outlet, the heavy debris bin section is a sediment well, and the rotation axis of the light debris bin section is parallel to the rotation axis of the tank body but has an eccentricity; The tool transmission shaft is rotatably disposed vertically through the bottom of the tank body and is sealed with the bottom of the tank body; The radial crushing knife sleeve is fixed on the upper end of the tool transmission shaft, and the radial crushing knife has a plurality of blades along the radial direction of the tank body; The axial crushing cutter sleeve is fixed on the upper end of the cutter transmission shaft and is located on the upper side of the radial crushing cutter, and the axial crushing cutter has a plurality of blades parallel to the axis of the tank body; The spirally winding knife is vertically fixed to the upper end of the tool transmission shaft, and the surface of the spirally winding knife has a spiral blade that rises or falls in a spiral manner; The top and bottom of the tank body are both open, and a tank cover is sealed and fixed to the top opening of the tank body, and a sludge well is sealed and fixed to the bottom opening of the tank body; the sludge well includes a middle shell, an upper well plate, a lower well plate and an outer well plate, the middle shell is a cylindrical body with a sealed top and an open bottom, the upper well plate is an annular plate with a low middle and a high outer side, and the lower well plate is an annular plate with a high middle and a low outer side, the upper well plate and the lower well plate are arranged around the middle shell, the upper well plate is located above the lower well plate, the outer well plate is a cylindrical tube, and the outer well plate is fixed to the outer circumference of the upper well plate and the lower well plate; the heavy debris outlet is opened on the outer well plate, and a plurality of holes for heavy debris to pass through are opened on the upper well plate.

2. The pulping device for the pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein, The pulping device also includes a bearing seat, a bearing, a tool drive device, a bearing seat sealing cover and a bearing seat sealing cover leakage port pipe; a bearing seat mounting hole is provided in the middle of the top plate of the middle shell, and the bearing seat is fixed at the bearing seat mounting hole; the bearing is installed in the bearing seat; the tool transmission shaft is passed through the bearing, and the lower end of the tool transmission shaft is transmission-connected with the tool drive device; the bearing seat sealing cover is a rotating shell with an open lower end and an axial hole provided at the upper end, the lower end of the bearing seat sealing cover is sealingly fixed to the top plate of the middle shell, and the upper end of the tool transmission shaft passes through the axial hole and is sealed; the upper end of the bearing seat sealing cover leakage port pipe is fixed to the top plate of the middle shell and is connected to the enclosed space surrounded by the bearing seat sealing cover and the top plate of the middle shell, and the lower end of the bearing seat sealing cover leakage port pipe is connected to the material inlet of the slurry storage tank.

3. The pulping device for the pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 2, wherein, The feed inlet of the tank body is connected to the material outlet of the kitchen waste receiving bin through a conveyor with an automatic weighing system; the water inlet of the tank body is connected to the water outlet of the aqueous phase storage tank through a water inlet pipe, and a water pump, a manual flange ball valve, and an electric flange ball valve are sequentially connected in series on the water inlet pipe in the direction from the aqueous phase storage tank to the tank body; the light debris outlet is connected to the material inlet of the screw dehydrator through a light debris outlet pipe system, and a pneumatic knife gate valve is provided on the light debris outlet pipe system; the heavy debris outlet is connected to the material inlet of the screw dehydrator through a heavy debris outlet pipe system, and a pneumatic knife gate valve is provided on the heavy debris outlet pipe system; the slurry outlet is connected to the material inlet of the second solid-liquid separator through a slurry outlet pipe, and an electric flange ball valve is provided on the slurry outlet pipe.

4. The pulping device for the pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pulping device further includes a controller and an ultrasonic level gauge; the ultrasonic level gauge is arranged on the upper cover of the tank body and is used to detect the height value H between the liquid level in the tank body and the upper cover of the tank body; the controller is communicatively connected to the ultrasonic level gauge and the automatic weighing system of the conveyor to obtain the height value H and the weight G of the transported kitchen waste, and the controller is control-connected to the tool driving device, the conveyor, the water pump, the electric flange ball valve on the water inlet pipe, the pneumatic knife gate valve of the light debris outlet pipe system, the electric flange ball valve of the slurry outlet pipe, and the pneumatic knife gate valve of the heavy debris outlet pipe system to control the operation of each part.

5. The pulping device for the pretreatment of kitchen waste according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, An observation hole is provided at the top of the tank body, and a maintenance opening is provided at the side of the tank body.

6. A pulping method for the pretreatment of kitchen waste, characterized in that, Pulping is carried out using the pulping device according to any one of claims 1-5.

7. A kitchen waste pretreatment system, characterized in that, It includes the pulping device according to any one of claims 1-5.

8. A method for pre-treating kitchen waste, characterized in that, The kitchen waste is pretreated using the pretreatment system according to claim 7.

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