Fishway and fish passing method adaptive to multi-target fish habitat water layer habit

Abstract

The fishway is suitable for multi-target fish habitat water layer habit and comprises a groove composed of a fishway side wall and a fishway bottom plate, a plurality of pairs of partition plates are arranged at intervals in the interior of the groove, two plate bodies of each pair of partition plates are arranged at intervals to form a vertical slit, a water baffle and a driving device are further included; a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of each pair of partition plates, the long side of the water baffle is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the water baffle is perpendicular to the partition plate; an overflow port is arranged on the water baffle; the two ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably installed on the fishway side walls on the two sides of the groove; the plate body on the partition plate is a folding plate structure, a concave-convex structure is arranged in the folding plate; the driving device is installed on the groove and is used for driving the opening and closing of the plate body, and driving the rotation of the partition plate and the water baffle around the axis of the rotating shaft. The fishway realizes the change of the internal space structure of the fishway and realizes the mutual transformation of the vertical slit type fishway and the overflow weir type fishway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection technology, and in particular to a fish passage and fish crossing method adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species. Background Technology

[0002] Fish passageways are artificial channels used to allow fish to migrate upstream through structures such as sluices and dams, or natural structures. The most widely used fish passageway in China is the vertical slot fishway, which consists of partitions and guides installed on the two side walls of a water channel, creating a vertical slot that divides the channel into a series of chambers. For example, patent application CN116289815A discloses an overflow structure that can automatically adjust the water depth within a vertical slot fishway. This structure includes multiple interconnected overflow sections. The first overflow section connects to the outlet chamber of the fishway, and the last overflow section connects to the inlet chamber. Each overflow section has an overflow notch. Vertical slot fishways are mainly suitable for fish with weak current-holding ability and a bottom-dwelling habit, facilitating upstream migration. Their advantages include adaptability to varying upstream water levels, making them suitable not only for small rivers but also for large river basins. Their disadvantages include the narrowness of the vertical slots, making them prone to blockage by debris and requiring high levels of long-term operation and maintenance. According to the "Design Code for Fish Passage Facilities in Hydropower Projects (NB / T35054-2015)," large fish passages can be constructed with reinforced concrete, while small fish passages can be constructed with materials such as wooden planks, alloy plates, and plastic plates.

[0003] Another type of overflow weir fishway mainly consists of a fish inlet at the top of a partition. Water flows downwards in an overflow weir pattern, with energy dissipated primarily by a downstream water cushion. Fish migrate upstream through a series of overflow weirs. For example, patent CN215977139U discloses an ecological overflow weir where water overflows the weir and eventually flows into the fishway, replenishing it and creating conditions for fish migration. The 30-degree angle primarily serves to dissipate energy; the gravel in the fishway also contributes to energy dissipation after the water flows in. Overflow weir fishways are suitable for fish that prefer mid-to-upper-level habitats and have good jumping ability, facilitating upstream migration. Their disadvantages include significant turbulence in the pool when the flow rate increases, making them unsuitable for situations with large fluctuations in upstream water levels, and the pool is prone to siltation.

[0004] Conventional vertical slotted fishways or overflow weir-type fishways are fixed designs with unchanging internal structures. Currently, there is no fish passage facility design method in the industry that combines the advantages of both, especially in rivers where there are significant differences in the species, individuals, and timing of fish migration, as well as distinct ecological habits among fish. Neither method can adequately meet the upstream migration needs of various fish species under complex aquatic ecological conditions. For example, fish such as redfin culter, silver carp, bighead carp, chub, and mullet prefer to inhabit the upper water layers, while fish such as schizothorax, schizothorax bream, spring-fed fish, and white-skinned fish prefer to inhabit the middle and lower water layers. Therefore, providing a new type of fish passage facility that combines the advantages of vertical slotted fishways and overflow weir-type fishways to comprehensively consider the upstream migration needs of fish with different ecological habits, and to achieve periodic self-cleaning of the internal space of the fishway through structural modifications to reduce operating costs, will play a significant role in improving the practicality of fishways, extending their operating cycle and lifespan, and promoting the advanced development of fish passage facility design research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to propose a fishway and fish passage method that adapts to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species. Based on taking into account the differences in the migration and spawning periods and spaces of fish species with different ecological habits, this invention fully leverages the comparative advantages of vertical slot fishways and overflow weir fishways, aiming to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, on the one hand, this invention proposes a fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species, comprising a trough composed of fishway sidewalls and a fishway bottom plate. Multiple pairs of partitions are spaced apart inside the trough, with two plates on each pair of partitions spaced apart to form a vertical slit. It also includes a baffle plate and a driving device. A rotating shaft is fixed to the bottom of each pair of partitions, and the long side of the baffle plate is fixed to the rotating shaft, with the baffle plate perpendicular to the partitions. An overflow port is provided on the baffle plate. The two ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably mounted on the fishway sidewalls on both sides of the trough. The plates on the partitions have a folded plate structure, with a concave-convex structure inside the folded plate. The driving device is mounted on the trough and is used to drive the plates on the partitions to open and close, and to drive the partitions and baffle plates to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft.

[0007] Preferably, each plate on the partition includes a lower guide plate and an upper guide plate; the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are rotatably connected by a guide plate pivot to form the folded plate structure; the concave-convex structure includes pebble protrusions and depressions arranged in an array on the surfaces of the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate, and when the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are folded and joined together, the pebble protrusions are embedded into the depressions.

[0008] Preferably, a driving device is provided at each pair of partition positions; the driving device includes a connecting beam and a winch mounted on the connecting beam; a straight track is provided at the top of the fishway side wall; the connecting beam is erected at the top of the fishway side wall, and rollers are provided at the bottom of both ends of the connecting beam for rolling cooperation with the straight track; multiple drive motors are provided inside the connecting beam for driving the rollers to rotate and driving the winch to rotate respectively; magnetic blocks are provided on the upper guide plates, and a connecting rod is provided between the two upper guide plates on each pair of partitions; a traction rope is wound on the winch, an electromagnet is provided at the end of the traction rope, and an electric wire is provided inside the traction rope for powering the electromagnet.

[0009] Preferably, an arc-shaped guide rail is provided on the inner side wall of the fishway side wall, and the top corner of the side edge of the upper guide plate slides in conjunction with the guide rail.

[0010] Preferably, a buckle is provided on the inner side wall of the fishway side wall, and a slot is provided on the lower guide plate, with the slot located on the downstream surface of the lower guide plate; when the lower guide plate is in a vertical state, the buckle is engaged in the slot.

[0011] Preferably, gates are provided at the upstream and downstream ends of the trough formed by the fishway sidewall and the fishway bottom plate.

[0012] Preferably, the trough is a segmented structure, which is composed of multiple U-shaped troughs spliced ​​together. Each U-shaped trough is provided with a pair of partitions and a water baffle. Each U-shaped trough is provided with a corresponding drive device.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting beam includes a left half and a right half, which are spaced apart and connected by a U-shaped rod, and the winch is located in the space between the left half and the right half.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a fish passage method, which adopts the above-mentioned fish passage adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish, including the following steps:

[0015] S1: When fish inhabiting the middle and lower water layers migrate during the migration season, the drive device drives the plates on the partition to close, and simultaneously drives the partition and the baffle to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft, so that the baffle is parallel to and abuts against the bottom plate of the fishway, while the partition is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the fishway, forming a vertical slit fishway type. The partition divides the entire fishway into multiple fishway chambers; fish migrate upstream through the vertical slits of each fishway chamber to cross the dam and enter the water body upstream of the dam.

[0016] S2: When the fish are passing through the upper layer during the fish passage season, the plate on the partition is driven to open by the drive device. At the same time, the partition and the baffle plate are driven to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft, so that the baffle plate is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the fish passage. After the partition plate is opened, it is laid on the bottom plate of the fish passage with the side with the concave and convex structure facing upward. The baffle plate forms a barrier weir, and the overflow outlet is used as the fish passage, forming an overflow weir type fish passage.

[0017] S3: When the fish passage season changes from the upper layer fish passage object to the lower layer fish passage object, the overflow weir-type fish passage formed in step S2 is transformed into the vertical slot-type fish passage in step S1 through the reverse operation.

[0018] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] (1) This invention creates a novel fishway that adapts to changes in fish habits by employing a "weir-slit" transformation. By setting up mutually perpendicular partitions and baffles, and using a driving device to drive the partitions and baffles to rotate together, the internal spatial structure of the fishway is changed, enabling the transformation between two different types of fishways: vertical slit fishways and overflow weir fishways. Simultaneously, when forming an overflow weir fishway, the plates on the partitions are folded, with an internal concave-convex structure that is unfolded and laid on the bottom plate of the fishway. This concave-convex structure increases the roughness of the bottom of the fishway, reducing the water flow velocity within the fishway and providing an environment for fish that lay adhesive eggs on gravel to spawn and reproduce, as well as a micro-habitat for hiding and resting. This invention provides a novel fishway that adapts to changes in the ecological environment of fish by employing a "weir-slit" transformation, which can fully utilize the comparative advantages of overflow weir fishways and vertical slit fishways, better meet the migration needs of fish with different ecological habits, and improve the efficiency of fish passage.

[0020] (2) In this invention, a guide plate docking and disengagement technology adapted to the stable operation of the fishway was developed. Specifically, the driving device includes a connecting beam and a winch installed on the connecting beam. The electromagnet at the end of the traction rope attracts the magnetic block on the upper guide plate. The winch releases or retrieves the traction rope, thereby driving the upper guide plate to rotate stably along the guide plate track. This process cleverly utilizes the effect of electromagnetic force to form a strong attraction, ensuring the safe and stable process of separation and docking between the upper and lower guide plates. Furthermore, by placing the driving device in the top space of the fishway, its operation will not interfere with or pollute the water and fish inside the fishway, thus improving the stability and sustainability of the entire system.

[0021] (3) This invention creates an openable and closed interlocking structure that adapts to seamless connection of the partition. The plate on the partition is a folded plate structure. Specifically, the plate includes a lower guide plate and an upper guide plate, and pebble protrusions and depressions are provided on the surfaces of the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate. When the fishway is transformed into an overflow weir type fishway, the pebble protrusions and depressions form a pebble bottom. When the fishway is transformed into a vertical slot type fishway, the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are folded together, and the pebble protrusions can be embedded into the depressions, forming a seamless closed state, which increases the structural stability and aesthetics of the entire fishway partition.

[0022] (4) This invention improves the self-cleaning function of fishways during long-term operation. During the transformation from an overflow weir-type fishway to a vertical slot fishway, the folding and flipping of the folded plate structure on the partition, along with the flipping of the partition and the baffle plate, combined with the flushing of the water flow within the fishway, achieves self-cleaning of the overflow weir-type fishway pool. Similarly, during the transformation from a vertical slot fishway to an overflow weir-type fishway, the folding and flipping of the folded plate structure on the partition, along with the flipping of the partition and the baffle plate, combined with the flushing of the water flow within the fishway, achieves self-cleaning of the vertical slot. This invention achieves a regular and periodic transformation of the fishway under the coordinated rotation of the folded plate structure, partition, and baffle plate, while simultaneously self-cleaning structural parts of the two different types of fishways that are prone to siltation and difficult to clean. This further reduces the manual cleaning cost of conventional overflow weir-type or vertical slot fishways and extends the service life of the fishways. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fishway provided by the present invention when it is a vertical slit type fishway.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fishway provided by the present invention when it is an overflow weir type fishway.

[0026] Figure 3 A side view of the fishway provided by the present invention when it is a vertical slit type fishway.

[0027] Figure 4 A side view of the fishway provided by the present invention when it is an overflow weir type fishway;

[0028] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the fishway unit in this invention. At this point, the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are folded and joined together to close.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fishway unit in the present invention, in which the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are perpendicular to each other;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fishway unit in the present invention, where the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are at 180 degrees.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the movement of the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate to be parallel to the bottom plate of the fish passage in this invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partition, baffle, and guide rail in this invention. At this time, the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are folded and joined together to close.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partition, baffle, and guide rail in this invention, where the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are perpendicular to each other.

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partition, water baffle, and guide rail in the present invention, where the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are at 180 degrees.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partition, baffle, and guide rail in this invention. At this time, the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are parallel to the bottom plate of the fish passage.

[0036] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the drive device in this invention;

[0037] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the partition and baffle structure in this invention. At this time, the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are folded and joined together to close.

[0038] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the partition and baffle structure in the present invention. At this time, the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are parallel to the bottom plate of the fish passage.

[0039] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fishway and dam provided by the present invention, which is a vertical slot fishway type.

[0040] Figure 17 for Figure 16 The upstream bottom view;

[0041] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fishway and dam provided by the present invention, which is an overflow weir type fishway.

[0042] Figure 19 for Figure 18 The upstream bottom view;

[0043] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the internal water state when the fishway provided by this invention is an overflow weir type fishway.

[0044] The following are the symbols and their meanings: 1. Fishway sidewall; 2. Fishway bottom plate; 3. Fishway chamber; 4. Vertical joint; 5. Rotating shaft; 6. Water baffle; 601. Overflow outlet; 7. Lower guide plate; 8. Upper guide plate; 9. Guide plate rotating shaft; 10. Gravel protrusion; 11. Depression; 12. Connecting beam; 13. Winch; 14. Straight track; 15. Roller; 16. Connecting rod; 17. Magnetic block; 18. Electromagnet; 19. Guide plate rail; 20. Buckle; 21. Slot; 22. Gate; 23. U-shaped rod; 100. Dam. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0047] As shown in the accompanying drawings, as a first aspect, this embodiment provides a fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species, including a trough composed of fishway sidewalls 1 and a fishway bottom plate 2. Multiple pairs of partitions are spaced apart inside the trough, with two plates on each pair of partitions spaced apart to form a vertical slit 4. The trough also includes a baffle plate 6 and a driving device. A rotating shaft 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of each pair of partitions, and the long side of the baffle plate 6 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 5, with the baffle plate 6 perpendicular to the partitions. An overflow port is provided on the baffle plate 6. The two ends of the rotating shaft 5 are rotatably mounted on the fishway sidewalls 1 on both sides of the trough. The plates on the partitions have a folded plate structure, with a concave-convex structure inside the folded plate. The driving device is installed on the trough and is used to drive the plates on the partitions to open and close, and to drive the partitions and the baffle plate 6 to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 5.

[0048] Through the above structure, the partition and the baffle plate 6 are driven to rotate together by the driving device, thereby changing the internal spatial structure of the fishway and realizing the process of transforming the two different types of fishways, namely the vertical slot fishway and the overflow weir fishway, into one another.

[0049] Combination Figure 14 , Figure 15 As shown, each plate on the partition includes a lower guide plate 7 and an upper guide plate 8; the lower guide plate 7 and the upper guide plate 8 are rotatably connected by a guide plate pivot 9 to form the folded plate structure; the concave-convex structure includes pebble protrusions 10 and depressions 11 arrayed on the surfaces of the lower guide plate 7 and the upper guide plate 8. When the lower guide plate 7 and the upper guide plate 8 are folded together, the pebble protrusions 10 are embedded into the depressions 11. By setting the plates on the partition as a folded plate structure, the folded plate can be unfolded to increase the laying area and be laid on the fishway bottom plate 2. The pebble protrusions 10 and depressions 11 are set inside the folded plate. After unfolding, a pebble substrate is formed at the bottom of the fishway, providing an environment for fish with the habit of laying sinking eggs on the pebble, and providing a hiding and resting environment for fish when they swim upstream. At the same time, the concave-convex structure formed by the pebble protrusions 10 and depressions 11 increases the roughness of the bottom of the fishway, which can reduce the water flow velocity in the fishway.

[0050] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 13 As shown, a driving device is provided at each pair of partitions; the driving device includes a connecting beam 12 and a winch 13 mounted on the connecting beam 12; a straight track 14 is provided at the top of the fishway side wall 1; the connecting beam 12 is mounted on the top of the fishway side wall 1, and rollers 15 are provided at the bottom of both ends of the connecting beam 12 for rolling cooperation with the straight track 14; multiple drive motors are provided inside the connecting beam 12 for driving the rollers 15 to rotate and driving the winch 13 to rotate; magnetic blocks 17 are provided on the upper guide plates 8, and a connecting rod 16 is provided between the two upper guide plates 8 on each pair of partitions; a traction rope is wound on the winch 13, and an electromagnet 18 is provided at the end of the traction rope. An electric wire is provided inside the traction rope to power the electromagnet 18. When the electromagnet 18 is energized, it can attract the magnetic block 17; when the electromagnet 18 is de-energized, it can separate from the magnetic block 17. By setting the connecting rod 16, as long as the electromagnet 18 is attracted to the magnetic block 17 in one of the upper guide plates 8, it can drive the two upper guide plates 8 to move, thus simplifying the operation.

[0051] The drive unit can move upstream or downstream along the top of the fishway sidewall 1 via a straight track 14, adjusting its position to facilitate the engagement of the electromagnet 18 and the magnetic block 17. It also facilitates changing the traction direction, allowing the upper guide plate 8 and lower guide plate 7 to be unfolded or closed, and to be laid on or pulled off the fishway bottom plate 2.

[0052] Combination Figure 1 , Figures 9 to 12As shown, an arc-shaped guide rail 19 is provided on the inner sidewall of the fishway sidewall 1, and the top corner of the side edge of the upper guide plate 8 is slidably engaged with the guide rail 19. By providing the guide rail 19, a sliding track for the upper guide plate 8 is provided, so as to facilitate changing the fishway type.

[0053] Combination Figure 8 , Figure 12 As shown, a buckle 20 is provided on the inner side wall of the fishway side wall 1, and a slot 21 is provided on the lower guide plate 7, with the slot 21 located on the downstream surface of the lower guide plate 7; when the lower guide plate 7 is in a vertical state, the buckle 20 is engaged in the slot 21 to limit the position of the lower guide plate 7.

[0054] Combination Figure 8 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, when it is necessary to change from an overflow weir-type fishway to a vertical slot fishway, the electromagnet 18 on the traction rope and the magnetic block 17 on the upper guide plate 8 attract each other. Under the action of the winch 13, the upper guide plate 8 and the lower guide plate 7 are driven to rotate upward. At this time, the baffle plate 6 rotates synchronously. When the baffle plate 6 abuts against the bottom plate 2 of the fishway, the lower guide plate 7 is in a state perpendicular to the bottom plate 2 of the fishway. At this time, the buckle 20 is engaged in the slot 21 to restrict the lower guide plate 7 from continuing to move downstream.

[0055] Combination Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown, gates 22 are respectively installed at the upstream and downstream ends of the trough composed of the fishway sidewall 1 and the fishway bottom plate 2. Due to the effect of water flow in the fishway, when the fishway shape is changed, the baffles and baffles 6 are affected by the force of the water flow, which hinders their movement. Therefore, when changing the fishway shape, the gates 22 at both the upstream and downstream ends are closed first, and the gates 22 are opened to allow water to flow after the fishway shape is changed.

[0056] Combination Figure 1 , Figures 5 to 8 As shown, the trough has a segmented structure, consisting of multiple U-shaped troughs spliced ​​together. By adopting a segmented structure, the entire fishway can be divided into multiple fishway unit splicing types. Each fishway unit includes the aforementioned U-shaped trough, a pair of partitions installed inside the U-shaped trough, and a water baffle 6; and a drive device is installed corresponding to each U-shaped trough segment, i.e., each fishway unit.

[0057] Combination Figure 13As shown, the connecting beam 12 includes a left half and a right half, which are spaced apart and connected by a U-shaped rod 23. The winch 13 is located within the gap between the left and right halves. This structure creates an installation space for the winch 13, facilitates the mounting of the winch 13's shaft on the end faces of the left and right halves, and simplifies the installation of the internal drive motor.

[0058] As a second aspect, this embodiment provides a fish passage method, employing the aforementioned fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species, including the following steps:

[0059] S1: When fish inhabiting the middle and lower water layers migrate during their migration season, such as when fish like the Schizothorax 'Qikou' and Schizothorax 'Shenkou' migrate, the drive device is used to close the plates on the partition. At the same time, the partition and the baffle plate 6 are driven to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 5, so that the baffle plate 6 is parallel to and abuts against the bottom plate 2 of the fishway, while the partition is perpendicular to the bottom plate 2 of the fishway, forming a vertical slit type of fishway. The partition divides the entire fishway into multiple fishway chambers 3. Fish migrate upstream through the vertical slits 4 of each fishway chamber 3 to cross the dam and enter the water upstream of the dam 100.

[0060] S2: When it is the season for passing fish (such as silver carp) in the upper layer, the plate on the partition is driven to open by the driving device. At the same time, the partition and the baffle plate 6 are driven to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 5, so that the baffle plate 6 is perpendicular to the bottom plate 2 of the fish passage. After the partition is opened, it is laid on the bottom plate 2 of the fish passage with the side with the concave and convex structure facing upward. The baffle plate 6 forms a weir and the overflow port 601 is the fish passage opening, forming an overflow weir type fish passage.

[0061] S3: When the fish passage season changes from the upper layer fish passage object to the lower layer fish passage object, the overflow weir-type fish passage formed in step S2 is transformed into the vertical slot-type fish passage in step S1 through the reverse operation.

[0062] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 The diagrams shown are schematic representations of the fishway provided by this invention in the form of a vertical slot fishway and an overflow weir fishway. Step S1 requires... Figure 2 The overflow weir-type fishway has been changed to Figure 1 For the vertical slotted fishway type, the specific operation method of step S1 is as follows:

[0063] Close the upstream and downstream gates 22 to avoid the impact of water flow impact. Combined with... Figure 8As shown, the drive device moves upstream along the straight track 14 to a position above the magnetic block 17, powering the electromagnet 18 to generate attraction. The drive motor inside the connecting beam 12 drives the winch 13 to rotate, lowering the traction rope so that the electromagnet 18 and the magnetic block 17 attract each other. The winch 13 then reverses to tighten the traction rope, gradually lifting the upper guide plate 8, causing it to move along the guide rail 19. At this time, the lower guide plate 7 and the baffle plate 6 also move together. During this process, the drive device gradually moves downstream along the straight track 14. When it reaches the position shown... Figure 7 In the indicated state, the baffle plate 6 is parallel to and abuts against the fishway bottom plate 2, while the lower guide plate 7 and upper guide plate 8 are in a vertical state. The latch 20 in the fishway sidewall 1 is engaged in the slot 21 of the lower guide plate 7, restricting the lower guide plate 7 from continuing to move downstream. The drive device continues to move downstream along the straight track 14, and after giving the upper guide plate 8 a traction force in the downstream direction, the power supply to the electromagnet 18 is disconnected, the electromagnet separates from the magnetic block 17, and under the action of gravity, the upper guide plate 8 rotates around the guide plate pivot 9 and flips downward along the guide plate rail 19 (as shown). Figure 6 As shown), finally the upper guide plate 8 and the lower guide plate 7 are joined together, and the joined state is as follows. Figure 5 As shown. When the upper guide plate 8 and the lower guide plate 7 are closed, the pebble protrusions 10 are embedded into the recesses 11, forming a seamless closed state, which increases the structural stability and aesthetics of the entire fishway partition. Ultimately, the fishway type is transformed into a vertical slot fishway type, as shown... Figure 1 , Figure 20 As shown. In Figure 20 In the diagram, 'i' represents the slope of the fishway, and the arrow inside indicates the direction in which the fish swim upstream.

[0064] In step S2, it is necessary to... Figure 1 The vertical slit fishway type in the middle has been changed to Figure 2 For the overflow weir-type fishway, the specific operation method for step S2 is as follows:

[0065] Combination Figures 5 to 8 As shown, close the gates 22 at both the upstream and downstream ends to avoid the impact of water flow. Move the drive device along the straight track 14 to the position above the downstream side of the partition, supply power to the electromagnet 18 to generate attraction, drive the winch 13 to rotate through the drive motor inside the connecting beam 12, and lower the traction rope so that the electromagnet 18 and the magnetic block 17 attract each other. After moving the drive device a certain distance downstream along the straight track 14, so that the traction force of the traction rope forms a certain angle with the vertical direction, reverse the winch 13 to tighten the traction rope, pull the upper guide plate 8 to rotate around the guide plate shaft 9 and separate it from the lower guide plate 7, and gradually lift the upper guide plate 8 upward so that the upper guide plate 8 moves along the guide plate rail 19, as shown. Figure 6As shown, at this point, the upper guide plate 8 moves to be perpendicular to the lower guide plate 7. The traction rope continues to tighten, and the drive device gradually moves upstream along the straight track 14. When it reaches... Figure 7 In the indicated state, the lower guide plate 7 and the upper guide plate 8 are at 180 degrees. The drive device continues to move upstream, applying traction to the upper guide plate 8 towards the upstream side. Then, the traction rope is lowered. Under the influence of gravity, the lower guide plate 7 and the upper guide plate 8 rotate together around the pivot 5, flipping upstream and lying flat on the fishway bottom plate 2. Simultaneously, the baffle plate 6 also moves to a position perpendicular to the fishway bottom plate 2. The power supply to the electromagnet 18 is disconnected, and the electromagnet 18 separates from the magnetic block 17. This process is as follows: Figure 8 As shown. The fishway design will ultimately be transformed into an overflow weir type fishway (such as...). Figure 2 (As shown). The height of the baffle plate 6 should be determined based on the water depth requirements of the overflow weir-type fishway, which should be determined in conjunction with the upstream water depth requirements of the main mid-to-upper layer fish species in the local area. This water depth requirement can be determined through fish swimming behavior experiments.

[0066] By adopting the fishway and fish passage method adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species provided by this invention, during the fish passage season in April, when the main target species are upper-layer fish such as silver carp, the fishway type can be changed to an overflow weir type fishway. During the fish passage season from July to September, when the main target species are middle- and lower-layer fish such as schizothorax and schizothorax, the fishway type can be changed to a vertical slit type fishway.

[0067] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species, comprising a trough consisting of a fishway sidewall (1) and a fishway bottom plate (2), wherein multiple pairs of partitions are spaced apart inside the trough, and two plates on each pair of partitions are spaced apart to form a vertical slit (4), characterized in that: It also includes a baffle plate (6) and a drive unit; A rotating shaft (5) is fixed to the bottom of each pair of partitions, and the long side of the baffle (6) is fixed to the rotating shaft (5), and the baffle (6) is perpendicular to the partition; an overflow port is provided on the baffle (6); The two ends of the rotating shaft (5) are rotatably installed on the fish passage sidewalls (1) on both sides of the tank; The partition plate has a folded plate structure, and there are concave and convex structures inside the folded plate. The drive device is installed on the tank and is used to drive the opening and closing of the plate on the partition, and to drive the partition and the baffle (6) to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft (5).

2. A fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each plate on the partition includes a lower guide plate (7) and an upper guide plate (8); the lower guide plate (7) and the upper guide plate (8) are rotatably connected by a guide plate pivot (9) to form the folded plate structure; The concave-convex structure includes pebble protrusions (10) and depressions (11) arrayed on the surfaces of the lower guide plate (7) and the upper guide plate (8). When the lower guide plate (7) and the upper guide plate (8) are folded and joined together, the pebble protrusions (10) are embedded into the depressions (11).

3. A fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A drive device is provided at each pair of partition positions; the drive device includes a connecting beam (12) and a winch (13) provided on the connecting beam (12); A straight track (14) is provided on the top of the fishway side wall (1); the connecting beam (12) is erected on the top of the fishway side wall (1), and rollers (15) are provided at the bottom of both ends of the connecting beam (12) for rolling cooperation with the straight track (14); multiple drive motors are provided inside the connecting beam (12) for driving the rollers (15) to rotate and driving the winch (13) to rotate respectively; A magnetic block (17) is provided on the upper guide plate (8), and a connecting rod (16) is provided between the two upper guide plates (8) on each pair of partitions; a traction rope is wound on the winch (13), an electromagnet (18) is provided at the end of the traction rope, and an electric wire is provided inside the traction rope to supply power to the electromagnet (18).

4. A fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species as described in claim 2, characterized in that: An arc-shaped guide rail (19) is provided on the inner side wall of the fishway side wall (1), and the top corner of the side edge of the upper guide plate (8) slides in conjunction with the guide rail (19).

5. A fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A buckle (20) is provided on the inner side wall of the fishway side wall (1), and a slot (21) is provided on the lower guide plate (7), and the slot (21) is provided on the downstream surface of the lower guide plate (7); when the lower guide plate (7) is in a vertical state, the buckle (20) is engaged in the slot (21).

6. A fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Gates (22) are provided at the upstream and downstream ends of the trough consisting of the fishway sidewall (1) and the fishway bottom plate (2).

7. A fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The trough is a segmented structure, consisting of multiple U-shaped troughs spliced ​​together. Each U-shaped trough has a pair of partitions and a water baffle (6); each U-shaped trough is equipped with a corresponding drive device.

8. A fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting beam (12) includes a left half and a right half, which are spaced apart and connected by a U-shaped rod (23). The winch (13) is located in the space between the left half and the right half.

9. A method for passing fish, characterized in that, The fishway adapted to the habitat habits of multiple target fish species as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 includes the following steps: S1: When fish inhabiting the middle and lower water layers migrate during the fish migration season, the drive device is used to drive the plate on the partition to close, and at the same time, the partition and the baffle (6) are driven to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft (5), so that the baffle (6) is parallel to and abuts against the bottom plate (2) of the fish passage, while the partition is perpendicular to the bottom plate (2) of the fish passage, forming a vertical slit fish passage. The partition divides the entire fish passage into multiple fish passage chambers (3); the fish migrate upstream through the vertical slits (4) of each fish passage chamber (3) to cross the dam and enter the water upstream of the dam (100); S2: When the fish passage is in the upper layer, the plate on the partition is driven to open by the drive device. At the same time, the partition and the baffle (6) are driven to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft (5), so that the baffle (6) is perpendicular to the bottom plate (2) of the fish passage. After the partition is unfolded, it is laid on the bottom plate (2) of the fish passage with the side with the concave and convex structure facing upward. The baffle (6) forms a barrier weir and the overflow port (601) is the fish passage opening, forming an overflow weir type fish passage. S3: When the fish passage season changes from the upper layer fish passage object to the lower layer fish passage object, the overflow weir-type fish passage formed in step S2 is transformed into the vertical slot-type fish passage in step S1 through the reverse operation.

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