A direct seeding method for Apocynum venetum seed resources

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for direct seeding and seedling cultivation of Apocynum venetum seeds. The aim is to address the problems in existing technologies where seed cultivation of Apocynum venetum requires separate seedlings in individual nutrient pots, resulting in high labor costs and a heavy workload. Direct seeding of Apocynum venetum seeds also suffers from low germination and survival rates, limiting its application. The method includes the following steps: land preparation, culture medium preparation, seed mixture preparation, germination substrate preparation, sowing, and field management. Measurements show that the germination rate of 1000 Apocynum venetum seeds using this method is between 750 and 900 seedlings. This method enables rapid and efficient propagation of Apocynum venetum seedlings, producing a large number of high-quality seedlings in a short period. The planting of Apocynum venetum seedlings can improve soil and facilitate large-scale cultivation, possessing high economic value and significant social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of plant breeding, and specifically to a direct seeding and seedling raising method for Apocynum venetum L. seeds. More specifically, it is a direct seeding and seedling raising method for Apocynum venetum L., which can significantly improve the survival rate of directly sown seedlings of Apocynum venetum L. seeds, reduce the labor and facility costs of seedling raising, and is of great significance for the rapid and large-scale cultivation of Apocynum venetum L. Background Art

[0002] In 1952, Mr. Dong Zhengjun, a Chinese agricultural economist, first discovered wild hemp in the Lop Plain where Lop Nur is located in Xinjiang. Named after the discovery location, this group of plants with excellent fiber quality is collectively called "Apocynum venetum L.". In China, Apocynum venetum L. is mainly distributed in the vast areas north of the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Qinling Mountains and Kunlun Mountains, and is distributed in provinces such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Jilin, Shandong, etc.

[0003] Apocynum venetum L. belongs to the Apocynaceae family in botanical classification and is a semi-shrubby perennial herbaceous perennial root plant. Apocynum venetum L. is also called Jijima (Jiangsu Zhiyao Zhi), Zeqima, Ganghuacao, Wild Tea (Shaanxi Zhongcaoyao), and the Han people near Dunhuang and Hami close to Lop Nur call it Wild Hemp, Tea Flower, Bowl Flower, etc. The Akesai Kazakhs near Lop Nur call it Talater, and it is also called Tea Tree, Red Willow, Sheep Belly Angle, etc.

[0004] Apocynum venetum L. has strong characteristics of salt and alkali tolerance, cold tolerance, drought tolerance, sand tolerance, wind tolerance, etc., and mainly grows in desert saline-alkali land, river banks, mountain valleys, and sandy lands on mountain slopes. It is rich in Xinjiang and is also distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu and northern Anhui. Due to the extremely large differences in the ecological environment in different regions and the long-term natural evolution of the species, the wild germplasm resources of Apocynum venetum L. are still quite rich. Liu Zhihua et al. (2009), Su Qian and Qiu Lianyong (2015) used ALFP, ISSR and RAPD markers to analyze the genetic diversity of multiple Apocynum venetum L. populations in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Henan, Jilin, Jiangsu and other provinces, and showed that the Apocynum venetum L. germplasm in these regions has rich genetic variations, and habitat differences are the main reasons for the rich genetic variations.

[0005] On the other hand, Apocynum venetum L. itself has high medicinal value and economic value. Apocynum venetum L. fiber, leaf extracts, etc. are also favored in the textile industry and the pharmaceutical market, and have great potential for comprehensive utilization.

[0006] The leaves, roots, stems, and flowers of *Apocynum venetum* can all be used medicinally. In 1977, *Apocynum venetum* was officially included in the *Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China*. The 1985 edition of the *Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China* records that *Apocynum venetum* has the effects of "clearing heat and promoting diuresis, calming the liver and soothing the nerves, and is used for hypertension, dizziness, palpitations, insomnia, hyperlipidemia, neurasthenia, edema, and oliguria." *Illustrated Handbook of Chinese Medicinal Plants* states: "Tender leaves (*Apocynum venetum* leaves), steamed, stir-fried, and tanned, can be used as a tea substitute, having cooling and heat-clearing effects, preventing dizziness, and strengthening the heart." *Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine* states: "(*Apocynum venetum* leaves) clear heat and purge fire, strengthen the heart and promote diuresis, and lower blood pressure. It treats heart disease, hypertension, neurasthenia, and nephritis edema." In 2017, *Apocynum venetum* was included in the list of medicinal and edible raw materials. Currently, a series of products have been developed using *Apocynum venetum*, including *Apocynum venetum* tea, compound *Apocynum venetum* tablets, *Apocynum venetum* antihypertensive tablets, and *Apocynum venetum* cream. Apocynum venetum tea has a fragrant aroma and sweet taste, and is very effective in soothing the liver, relieving depression, improving eyesight, and clearing heat.

[0007] Apocynum venetum is also a good raw material for papermaking and construction, and can be used as fuel and feed. Its fiber is a high-grade raw material for the textile industry. Apocynum venetum fiber refers to the bast fibers in the bast part of the stem, with a length ranging from 10-220 mm. The length varies greatly, and the fibers have low extensibility and high brittleness, so they can only be blended with other fiber products. However, compared with other bast fibers and cotton fibers, Apocynum venetum fiber has good moisture regain, antistatic properties, thermal stability, and antibacterial and bacteriostatic activities. These characteristics make Apocynum venetum textiles comfortable, breathable, and non-sticky, and also have certain health benefits, thus earning it the reputation of "King of Wild Fibers".

[0008] Meanwhile, Apocynum venetum is not demanding in terms of environmental conditions. It is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, and wind-resistant, and can grow in harsh natural environments such as saline-alkali sandy wastelands. It has good ecological effects such as soil improvement and water conservation.

[0009] Yang Huifeng et al. (2017) analyzed environmental factors at 44 Apocynum venetum distribution sites in China using the MaxEnt model, indicating that the coldest month's low temperature, annual average temperature, coldest season's average rainfall, and wettest season's average temperature are the main environmental factors affecting Apocynum venetum distribution. Suitable growing areas for Apocynum venetum account for 11.94% of my country's land area, which is basically consistent with the distribution area of ​​Apocynum venetum as defined by Zhang Shaowu et al. (2000). Germplasm resource diversity is of great significance for basic scientific research and variety breeding. From the perspective of protecting Apocynum venetum genetic diversity and utilizing its medicinal and economic value, the protection and propagation of Apocynum venetum germplasm resources are particularly important.

[0010] In recent years, with the increasing deterioration of the habitat of Apocynum venetum and the overexploitation of wild raw materials by industrial production, the germplasm resources of wild Apocynum venetum have decreased sharply and are even nearly exhausted. Yang Huifeng et al. (2017) predicted that with the irreversibility of global climate change, the suitable habitat of Apocynum venetum in China will continue to decrease; this also means that there is a possibility that the wild Apocynum venetum resources will decrease further.

[0011] Currently, Apocynum venetum is mainly propagated through rhizomes, division, and seeds. Both taproots and creeping roots can be used as propagation material. The rhizome cutting propagation method is as follows: Cut the rhizomes of Apocynum venetum into 10-15 cm sections, each with adventitious buds. Planting time is early winter and early spring before sprouting. When planting, space the plants 40-50 cm apart in rows and 30 cm apart in holes, planting 1-2 root sections per hole and covering with 5-7 cm of soil. For spring planting, seedlings will emerge in about a month.

[0012] The propagation by division is as follows: The best time to plant is in autumn and spring. Dig up the clumps of plants that are near the ground rhizome, with a few fibrous roots, and divide them for planting. Plant them in holes with a row spacing of 40-50 cm and a plant spacing of 30 cm. Water them after planting to keep the soil moist, so as to promote the growth of new roots and promote survival.

[0013] Seed propagation is divided into two methods: direct sowing and seedling transplanting. In Northwest China and windy and sandy areas, such as the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, spring is relatively dry, making direct sowing unsuitable; seedling transplanting is preferable. The seedling transplanting method is as follows: After preparing the seedbed in the greenhouse, water it thoroughly before sowing. Sowing can be done by broadcasting or by sowing in furrows with a row spacing of 10 cm. After sowing, cover with a thin layer of soil (0.5 cm). After emergence, pay attention to loosening the soil, weeding, and watering promptly. When the seedlings have grown to 5 pairs of true leaves, they can be transplanted. The transplanting row spacing is 40–50 cm × 20–30 cm.

[0014] Compared to direct seeding, seed-based seedling transplanting has advantages such as high germination rate, robust plants, controllable emergence rate, and less susceptibility to drought, strong winds, and other factors, and has been widely adopted. However, using Apocynum venetum seed-based seedling transplanting requires placing the seeds in individual nutrient pots for cultivation, resulting in a large workload and high labor costs. Compared to seed-based seedling transplanting, direct seeding of Apocynum venetum requires less labor, but the seed survival rate is low, limiting its application.

[0015] Therefore, a new method is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems in the existing technology where seed cultivation of Apocynum venetum requires individual seedling transplanting, resulting in a large workload and high labor costs for workers, while direct seeding of Apocynum venetum results in a low seed survival rate and limited application. This invention provides a direct seeding cultivation method for wild Apocynum venetum.

[0017] One objective of this application is to protect a method for direct seeding cultivation of Apocynum venetum seeds. A second objective is to protect the application of this method. A third objective is to protect the in-situ cultivation application of wild Apocynum venetum, specifically by providing an in-situ cultivation method for wild Apocynum venetum seeds.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0019] A method for direct seeding and seedling cultivation of Apocynum venetum seeds includes the following steps:

[0020] S1, Land Consolidation

[0021] After leveling the land, dig a trench in the land, and mark this trench as a cultivation trench; form ridges on both sides of the cultivation trench, with the distance between the top of the ridge and the bottom of the cultivation trench being 10-35cm;

[0022] S2, Preparation of culture carrier

[0023] Take fresh, mature Apocynum venetum branches, and comb them to form fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers from the stem bark, then set them aside.

[0024] S3, Seed Mixture Preparation

[0025] Mix the seeds of Apocynum venetum, peat moss and water evenly to make a paste-like mixture;

[0026] S4, Preparation of Germination Layer

[0027] The filamentous Apocynum venetum fibers are woven together, using the filamentous Apocynum venetum fibers as raw materials, with three-strand braids as the main body and a paste-like mixture as the adhesive, to form the base layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination.

[0028] S5, Sowing Operation

[0029] Water is poured into the cultivation trench between the ridges in step S1 to completely moisten the surface soil of the trench; then, the Apocynum venetum seed germination base is placed in the cultivation trench to complete the sowing operation;

[0030] S6, Field Management

[0031] After step S5 is completed, keep the soil around the Apocynum venetum seeds moist by sprinkler or drip irrigation until the seeds germinate. After germination, carry out field management until the Apocynum venetum seedling cultivation is completed.

[0032] In step S3, the mass ratio of Apocynum venetum seeds to peat moss is (0.5-5):(500-5000).

[0033] By adjusting the ratio of Apocynum venetum seeds to peat moss, the seedling density on the germination substrate of Apocynum venetum seeds can be changed.

[0034] In step S3, the amount of water added is such that the paste-like mixture can adhere to the fiber bundle.

[0035] The steps for preparing the germination substrate in step S4 are as follows:

[0036] The fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers are divided into three fiber bundles, and the three fiber bundles are braided into a 3-strand braid. After the braiding is completed, the Apocynum venetum seed germination base layer is formed and set aside.

[0037] During the process of weaving three fiber bundles into a three-strand braid, a paste-like mixture is attached to the fiber bundles. Through the weaving process, the resulting Apocynum venetum seed germination base contains the paste-like mixture.

[0038] In step S4, the paste-like mixture prepared in S3 is attached to the fiber bundle. At this time, the paste-like mixture is attached to the fiber bundle, and the Apocynum venetum seeds can be evenly distributed on the Apocynum venetum seed germination base.

[0039] In step S4, a paste-like mixture is attached to the 1-strand, 2-strand, or 3-strand fiber bundles used in the fabrication.

[0040] In step S4, the paste-like mixture prepared in S3 is attached to the three fiber bundles respectively, and through the weaving process, the resulting Apocynum venetum seed germination base layer contains the paste-like mixture.

[0041] In step S4, the weaving process is as follows: the paste-like mixture is placed on the palm of the weaving worker, the fiber bundles are brought into contact with the paste-like mixture on the palm, and the three fiber bundles are woven into a 3-strand braid.

[0042] Alternatively, the weaving process can be as follows: first, coat the fiber bundle with a paste-like mixture, and then braid the fiber bundle into a 3-strand braid.

[0043] In step S5, water is added to the cultivation trench between the ridges in step S1 to completely moisten the soil within a range of 0.5 to 5 cm below the surface of the cultivation trench.

[0044] In step S5, water is added to the cultivation trench between the ridges in step S1 to completely moisten the soil within a range of 1.5 to 3.5 cm below the surface of the cultivation trench.

[0045] The operation of step S6, field management, is as follows:

[0046] After step S5 is completed, keep the soil layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination moist by sprinkler or drip irrigation. Seeds will begin to emerge in 1-2 days and all seedlings will emerge in 3-5 days. During this period, the humidity of the soil layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination should be maintained between 90-95%.

[0047] The seedlings of Apocynum venetum will grow their second pair of true leaves in 8-13 days. During this period, the humidity of the soil layer for seed germination should be maintained between 90-95%.

[0048] Apocynum venetum seedlings develop their 3rd to 4th pairs of true leaves in 18-23 days and their 5th to 6th pairs of true leaves in 28-35 days. During this period, the humidity of the soil layer for seed germination should be maintained between 60-80%.

[0049] Thinning can be carried out after the Apocynum venetum seedlings have grown 5-6 pairs of true leaves.

[0050] The thinning process is as follows: Before thinning, spray water once, ensuring sufficient water to fully moisten the soil around the base of the seedbed to prevent damage to the seedling roots during thinning; remove any short or poorly growing plants to complete the thinning.

[0051] After thinning, the seedlings cannot be directly transplanted into the field; they need to be hardened off.

[0052] The hardening-off process is as follows: reduce the amount of water sprayed on the seedbed of Apocynum venetum, spraying water once every 1-2 days, so that the seedlings can gradually adapt to the natural environment. The hardening-off process takes 5-10 days.

[0053] After hardening off, select healthy seedlings with 5-7 pairs of true leaves, a height of 8-12cm, and uniform size for transplanting. Transplanting time is generally from April to May each year.

[0054] Preferably, the planting time is in early May each year.

[0055] After hardening off the seedlings, select seedlings with 5-7 pairs of true leaves, a height of 8-12cm, and uniform size and robustness; cut the fiber bundles at the edge of the planting plot to form several seedling planting blocks, and then plant the seedling planting blocks.

[0056] In step S6, after step S5 is completed, the soil layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination is kept moist by sprinkler or drip irrigation until the seeds germinate; after germination, field management is carried out until the seedling cultivation of Apocynum venetum is completed.

[0057] In this process, there is no need to cover and keep warm the Apocynum venetum seed germination base layer with heat-insulating film. Instead, the Apocynum venetum seed germination base layer is used as the heat-insulating layer. Based on the biodegradability of Apocynum venetum fiber, the covering, heat-insulating and moisture-retaining functions of fiber bundles, and the air permeability of fiber bundles, suitable temperature, humidity and air permeability are provided for the germination and growth of Apocynum venetum seeds.

[0058] Meanwhile, the gaps between the fiber bundles provide outward space for the early growth of Apocynum venetum seedlings, reducing growth resistance and increasing the germination rate.

[0059] The use of a three-strand braided base layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination and the setting of a paste-like mixture effectively solves the problem that individual Apocynum venetum seeds are light and easily carried away by the wind in windy environments such as Xinjiang; at the same time, it solves the problem that respiration and seed fixation cannot be taken into account simultaneously after seed germination.

[0060] The application of the aforementioned methods.

[0061] This method was used for direct seeding of Apocynum venetum seeds.

[0062] Currently, Apocynum venetum is typically propagated through rhizomes, division, and seeds. Apocynum venetum has a well-developed root system, with dormant buds usually forming at the base of the roots. Under natural conditions, it mainly reproduces through root suckers. Using root segments for seedling cultivation results in rapid growth, less susceptibility to external environmental influences, and a high survival rate.

[0063] Propagation of Apocynum venetum by division refers to digging up the clumps of plants that have sprouted from the rhizomes after the plant has shed its leaves and before it sprouts in spring, and then dividing and transplanting them. After transplanting, the soil should be kept moist to encourage the growth of new roots.

[0064] The seeds of Apocynum venetum resemble jujube pits, with white downy hairs at the tip, allowing them to be dispersed by wind. The weight of 1000 seeds is 0.3–0.5 grams, and they are easily blown away by the wind in wild environments. When propagating Apocynum venetum by seed, direct sowing is difficult, so seedling raising is generally preferred. The specific process of propagating Apocynum venetum by seedling raising is as follows:

[0065] (1) Seed collection

[0066] Harvest in September when the fruit of the follicle splits open, dry in the sun, rub out the seeds, and store for later use;

[0067] (2) Soaking seeds

[0068] Place the seeds in a cloth bag and soak them in clean water for 24 hours. After soaking, spread them out indoors in a 1-2 cm thick layer and keep them moist. When white tips appear, they are ready to be sown.

[0069] (3) Sowing

[0070] Mix the seeds with fine, damp sand. Make furrows 30cm apart on the seedbed, 0.5-1cm deep, and sow the seeds evenly. Cover with 0.5cm of soil, lightly compact, and water. Cover the seedbed with weeds.

[0071] Propagating Apocynum venetum using rhizomes or division is labor-intensive, and its propagation efficiency is greatly affected by the initial number of plants. Seed propagation offers the advantage of a high propagation coefficient, but the low survival rate limits its application.

[0072] As mentioned earlier, Apocynum venetum seeds are small and lightweight, making them highly susceptible to environmental influences. Current seed propagation techniques for Apocynum venetum have low survival rates. Therefore, solving the problem of low seed propagation rates has become an urgent issue. Furthermore, a successful propagation technique must be cost-effective; otherwise, its application will be limited and it will have no practical value.

[0073] On the other hand, Apocynum venetum bast fiber contains up to 55% non-textile components such as hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin, while the cellulose content is only about 45%. The utilization rate of Apocynum venetum in the domestic textile industry is only about 10%, which is also related to the fiber characteristics and processing difficulties. Because Apocynum venetum bast contains a large amount of pectin, to produce commercial Apocynum venetum fiber, it must undergo hot-alkali degumming treatment (the process flow of hot-alkali degumming treatment is as follows: (raw hemp) separation, acid soaking, washing, first boiling, second boiling, washing, fiber beating, bleaching, acid washing, washing, oiling, dehydration, drying (refined hemp)), which greatly limits the application of Apocynum venetum. A large amount of Apocynum venetum stems cannot be used to produce commercial Apocynum venetum fiber and can only be used as fuel after drying, which has significant limitations.

[0074] Therefore, this application provides a method for direct seeding and seedling cultivation of Apocynum venetum seeds, which includes land preparation, preparation of culture carriers, preparation of seed mixtures, preparation of germination substrate, sowing operations, and field management steps. Considering the propagation coefficient and labor costs, the inventors improved upon existing methods by combining direct seeding with seedling cultivation, based on seed propagation, and through repeated experiments, finally obtained the technical solution of this application.

[0075] In this application, the land is first prepared, and cultivation trenches are dug on the leveled land. Ridges are formed on both sides of the trenches, with a distance of 10-35 cm between the top of the ridges and the bottom of the trench. The purpose of setting up cultivation trenches is to provide shelter and a suitable growing environment for the subsequent germination of Apocynum venetum seeds, reducing the likelihood of wind carrying away the seeds from the germination substrate. Then, the preparation of the culture medium, seed mixture, and germination substrate are carried out; this is the core and key step of this application. Specifically, fresh, mature Apocynum venetum branches are taken, and the bark is combed to form fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers for later use. It is important to emphasize that the fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers used in this application are not commercially available Apocynum venetum fibers obtained through hot alkali degumming; the two are fundamentally different. Then, Apocynum venetum seeds, peat moss, and water are mixed evenly to form a paste-like mixture. Finally, the fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers are woven together, using the fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers as the raw material, with a three-strand braid as the main body and a paste-like mixture as the binder, to form a base layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination. Furthermore, the amount of water added is such that the paste-like mixture can adhere to the fiber bundles, and the mass ratio of Apocynum venetum seeds to peat moss is (0.5-5):(500-5000). By adjusting the ratio of Apocynum venetum seeds to peat moss, the seedling density on the Apocynum venetum seed germination base layer can be changed.

[0076] In this application, the germination base layer for Apocynum venetum seeds uses a three-strand braid as the main body and a paste-like mixture as the adhesive. This involves dividing the fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers into three fiber bundles and weaving these bundles into a three-strand braid, thus forming the germination base layer. During the weaving process, the paste-like mixture is applied to the fiber bundles. This can be done mechanically or by hand. The hand-weaving process is as follows: the paste-like mixture is placed on the palm of the worker's hand, the fiber bundles are brought into contact with the paste-like mixture on the palm, and the three fiber bundles are then braided into a three-strand braid. Depending on the actual needs, the one, two, or three fiber bundles used in the weaving process may have the paste-like mixture attached. When using mechanical weaving, the paste-like mixture is first applied to the fiber bundles, and then the fiber bundles are braided into a three-strand braid. Currently, the machine-braided three-strand braid technology is highly mature and can be mass-produced industrially.

[0077] Once the germination substrate is prepared, sowing can begin: water is poured into the cultivation furrows between the field ridges to completely moisten the surface soil; then, the Apocynum venetum seed germination substrate is placed in the furrows to complete the sowing. Finally, field management is carried out: the Apocynum venetum seed germination substrate is kept moist through sprinkler or drip irrigation until the seeds germinate; after germination, field management continues until the Apocynum venetum seedling stage is complete.

[0078] As described above, this application employs a weaving method to prepare three-strand braids, which can meet the needs of mass and large-scale industrial production, offering high efficiency, low cost, and good economic benefits. Compared with the seedling method for producing Apocynum venetum, labor and material costs are significantly reduced.

[0079] To address the issues of small, lightweight, and highly susceptible-to-environmental problems associated with Apocynum venetum seeds, this application describes a method of uniformly mixing Apocynum venetum seeds, peat moss, and water to create a paste-like mixture. This method solves the problem of uneven seed distribution. Simultaneously, the establishment of cultivation ditches and ridges provides a sheltered area for the seeds, reducing the likelihood of wind carrying them away. The paste-like mixture is then woven with fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers to form a seed germination substrate. This substrate further binds the seeds, minimizing the possibility of wind carrying them away.

[0080] In existing seedling cultivation techniques, a thin layer of soil is covered on the seed surface. Because Apocynum venetum seeds are small and lightweight, excessive soil coverage can hinder germination and emergence; therefore, only a thin layer of soil is used. Simultaneously, a film covering is necessary to maintain warmth and provide suitable temperature and humidity for seed germination and growth. After germination, timely aeration is also required to facilitate further germination.

[0081] In this application, Apocynum venetum fiber is used as the base and a paste-like mixture as the matrix for direct seeding of Apocynum venetum seeds. This method uses the paste-like mixture as an adhesive, coating it onto the fiber bundles. This coating method solves the problem of excessive soil covering affecting seed germination. During seed germination, there is no need to cover the seed germination layer with an insulating film; instead, the seed germination layer itself acts as an insulating layer, achieving both heat preservation and moisture retention. Existing technologies require mulching, which leaves residues in the environment and damages the soil. In contrast, the Apocynum venetum fiber in this application is a plant material with excellent biodegradability, causing no environmental damage and achieving effective utilization of the fiber, thus avoiding resource waste.

[0082] Meanwhile, the gaps between the fiber bundles provide outward space for the early growth of Apocynum venetum seedlings, reducing growth resistance and increasing germination rate. The gaps between the cellulose fibers provide good air permeability, which is beneficial for the respiration of Apocynum venetum seeds and germinating plants. The use of a three-strand braided seed germination base layer and a paste-like mixture effectively solves the problem of light individual seeds being easily blown away by the wind in windy environments such as Xinjiang; it also solves the dilemma of simultaneously managing seed respiration and seed fixation after germination. During germination, the plant's roots grow downwards along the gaps between the cellulose fibers, and the Apocynum venetum fiber bundles provide support, fixation, heat preservation, moisture retention, and air permeability, which is beneficial for the early growth of the plant's roots.

[0083] Furthermore, the fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers of this application are not degummed and contain a large amount of pectin. The pectin in Apocynum venetum fibers absorbs water, swells, and dissolves, becoming a viscous liquid with excellent thickening and moisturizing properties. The thickening properties of pectin facilitate the long-term binding of the paste-like mixture to the braid until the Apocynum venetum germinates and its initial growth is complete; its moisturizing properties help reduce water evaporation, providing a suitable humidity environment for the Apocynum venetum. Especially in Xinjiang, the name-producing region of Apocynum venetum, the dry climate and rapid water evaporation provide a continuously moist environment, greatly promoting the germination rate of Apocynum venetum seeds, which is of significant progressive importance.

[0084] Plant germination and growth require appropriate fertilizers and trace elements. In this application, Apocynum venetum seeds, peat moss, and water are mixed evenly to form a paste-like mixture. On the one hand, the peat moss and water work together as a binder, achieving uniform distribution and fixation of Apocynum venetum seeds on the fiber bundles; on the other hand, the peat moss, as a fertilizer, provides the necessary nutrients for seed germination and plant growth. Simultaneously, the fiber bundles of Apocynum venetum contain the trace element magnesium, which is an important component of chlorophyll and pigments in plants and can promote photosynthesis; magnesium can participate in the synthesis of enzymes in Apocynum venetum, promote the activity of functional enzymes, regulate physiological functions, improve the stress resistance of Apocynum venetum, promote its metabolism, and enhance disease resistance.

[0085] In this application, Apocynum venetum cellulose plays multiple roles, including culture carrier, seed binding, heat preservation, moisture retention, air permeability, and trace element provision. It reduces the intensity of manual labor, saves nutrient pots and mulch, achieves full utilization of resources, has little impact on the environment, and is conducive to achieving sustainable and ecological green development.

[0086] This application closely integrates the effective utilization of Apocynum venetum plant resources with environmental protection. By improving the cultivation process, it solves the problem of low germination rate of direct seeding of Apocynum venetum. According to the test, the germination rate of 1,000 Apocynum venetum seeds using the method of this application is between 750 and 900 plants; after removing hollow Apocynum venetum seeds, the survival rate of Apocynum venetum seedlings is about 80% to 92%.

[0087] This application enables the rapid and efficient propagation of Apocynum venetum seedlings, producing a large quantity of high-quality seedlings in a short period. The planting of Apocynum venetum seedlings can improve soil and facilitate large-scale cultivation, possessing high economic value and significant social benefits. This application is of great significance for improving saline-alkali and arid land environments. Attached Figure Description

[0088] The present invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0089] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the weaving of a 3-strand braid.

[0090] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the placement of the Apocynum venetum seed germination substrate in a cultivation trench.

[0091] The markings in the diagram are: 1. Cultivation trench, 2. Ground ridge, 3. Base layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination. Detailed Implementation

[0092] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0093] Example 1

[0094] In this embodiment, the operation of the direct seeding method for Apocynum venetum seed resources is as follows.

[0095] S1, Land Consolidation

[0096] After leveling the land, dig a trench in the land, and mark this trench as a cultivation trench. Form ridges on both sides of the cultivation trench, with the top of the ridge 25-30 cm from the bottom of the cultivation trench.

[0097] S2, Preparation of culture carrier

[0098] Take fresh, mature Apocynum venetum branches, and comb them to form fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers from the stem bark, then set them aside.

[0099] S3, Seed Mixture Preparation

[0100] In this embodiment, 5g of seeds and 4kg of peat moss were weighed out. After mixing the weighed Apocynum venetum seeds and peat moss, water was added and stirred evenly. The amount of water added was such that the paste-like mixture could adhere to the fiber bundles, thus forming a paste-like mixture.

[0101] S4, Preparation of Germination Layer

[0102] The fibrous fibers of Apocynum venetum are woven together, using these fibers as the raw material, a three-strand braid as the main body, and a paste-like mixture as the adhesive to create a base layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination. The specific process is as follows: The fibrous fibers are divided into three fiber bundles. The paste-like mixture is then attached to the fiber bundles, and the three fiber bundles are woven into a three-strand braid. This results in the paste-like mixture being incorporated into the Apocynum venetum seed germination base layer. Once woven, this is the final product.

[0103] As an alternative, the weaving process is as follows: a paste-like mixture is placed on the palm of the weaver, the fiber bundles are brought into contact with the paste-like mixture on the palm, and the three fiber bundles are woven into a three-strand braid, so that the resulting Apocynum venetum seed germination base contains the paste-like mixture. After weaving is completed, the Apocynum venetum seed germination base is formed.

[0104] S5, Sowing Operation

[0105] Water is poured into the cultivation trenches between the field ridges in step S1, ensuring that the soil within a 2.0-3.5cm range below the surface is completely moistened. Then, the Apocynum venetum seed germination substrate is placed in the cultivation trenches to complete the sowing operation.

[0106] S6, Field Management

[0107] After step S5 is completed, keep the soil layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination moist through sprinkler or drip irrigation until the seeds germinate. Seedlings will begin to emerge in 1-2 days, and all seedlings will emerge in 3-5 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 90-95%. Seedlings will develop their second pair of true leaves in 8-13 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 90-95%. Seedlings will develop their third and fourth pairs of true leaves in 18-23 days, and their fifth and sixth pairs of true leaves in 28-35 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 60-80%. Thinning can be carried out after the seedlings have developed their fifth and sixth pairs of true leaves.

[0108] According to the measurements, the germination rate of 1,000 Apocynum venetum seeds in this embodiment was between 820 and 865 plants.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] In this embodiment, the operation of the direct seeding method for Apocynum venetum seed resources is as follows.

[0111] S1, Land Consolidation

[0112] After leveling the land, dig a trench in the land, and mark this trench as a cultivation trench. Form ridges on both sides of the cultivation trench, with the top of the ridge 15-25cm from the bottom of the cultivation trench.

[0113] S2, Preparation of culture carrier

[0114] Take fresh, mature Apocynum venetum branches, and comb them to form fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers from the stem bark, then set them aside.

[0115] S3, Seed Mixture Preparation

[0116] In this embodiment, 5g of seeds and 1kg of peat moss were weighed out. The weighed Apocynum venetum seeds and peat moss were mixed together, and water was added and stirred evenly. The amount of water added was such that the paste-like mixture could adhere to the fiber bundles, thus forming a paste-like mixture.

[0117] S4, Preparation of Germination Layer

[0118] The fibrous fibers of Apocynum venetum are woven together, using these fibers as the raw material, a three-strand braid as the main body, and a paste-like mixture as the adhesive to create a base layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination. The specific process is as follows: The fibrous fibers are divided into three fiber bundles. The paste-like mixture is then attached to the fiber bundles, and the three fiber bundles are woven into a three-strand braid. This results in the paste-like mixture being incorporated into the Apocynum venetum seed germination base layer. Once woven, this is the final product.

[0119] S5, Sowing Operation

[0120] Water is added to the cultivation trenches between the ridges in step S1, ensuring that the soil within a depth of 0.5–5 cm and 2.0–3.5 cm below the surface is completely moistened. Then, the Apocynum venetum seed germination substrate is placed in the cultivation trenches to complete the sowing operation.

[0121] S6, Field Management

[0122] After step S5 is completed, keep the soil layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination moist through sprinkler or drip irrigation until the seeds germinate. Seedlings will begin to emerge in 1-2 days, and all seedlings will emerge in 3-5 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 90-95%. Seedlings will develop their second pair of true leaves in 8-13 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 90-95%. Seedlings will develop their third and fourth pairs of true leaves in 18-23 days, and their fifth and sixth pairs of true leaves in 28-35 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 60-80%. Thinning can be carried out after the seedlings have developed their fifth and sixth pairs of true leaves.

[0123] According to the measurements, the germination rate of 1,000 Apocynum venetum seeds in this embodiment was between 780 and 830 plants.

[0124] Example 3

[0125] In this embodiment, the operation of the direct seeding method for Apocynum venetum seed resources is as follows.

[0126] S1, Land Consolidation

[0127] After leveling the land, dig a trench in the land, and mark this trench as a cultivation trench. Form ridges on both sides of the cultivation trench, with the top of the ridges 20-30cm from the bottom of the cultivation trench.

[0128] S2, Preparation of culture carrier

[0129] Take fresh, mature Apocynum venetum branches, and comb them to form fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers from the stem bark, then set them aside.

[0130] S3, Seed Mixture Preparation

[0131] In this embodiment, 5g of seeds and 800g of peat moss were weighed out. The weighed Apocynum venetum seeds and peat moss were mixed together, and water was added and stirred evenly. The amount of water added was such that the paste-like mixture could adhere to the fiber bundles, thus forming a paste-like mixture.

[0132] S4, Preparation of Germination Layer

[0133] The fibrous fibers of Apocynum venetum are woven together, using these fibers as the raw material, a three-strand braid as the main body, and a paste-like mixture as the adhesive to create a base layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination. The specific process is as follows: The fibrous fibers are divided into three fiber bundles. The paste-like mixture is then attached to the fiber bundles, and the three fiber bundles are woven into a three-strand braid. This results in the paste-like mixture being incorporated into the Apocynum venetum seed germination base layer. Once woven, this is the final product.

[0134] S5, Sowing Operation

[0135] Water is poured into the cultivation trenches between the field ridges in step S1, ensuring that the soil within a 3.0–5.0 cm depth below the surface is completely moistened. Then, the Apocynum venetum seed germination substrate is placed in the cultivation trenches to complete the sowing process.

[0136] S6, Field Management

[0137] After step S5 is completed, keep the soil layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination moist through sprinkler or drip irrigation until the seeds germinate. Seedlings will begin to emerge in 1-2 days, and all seedlings will emerge in 3-5 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 90-95%. Seedlings will develop their second pair of true leaves in 8-13 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 90-95%. Seedlings will develop their third and fourth pairs of true leaves in 18-23 days, and their fifth and sixth pairs of true leaves in 28-35 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 60-80%. Thinning can be carried out after the seedlings have developed their fifth and sixth pairs of true leaves.

[0138] According to the measurements, the germination rate of 1,000 Apocynum venetum seeds in this embodiment was between 750 and 800 plants.

[0139] Example 4

[0140] In this embodiment, the operation of the direct seeding method for Apocynum venetum seed resources is as follows.

[0141] S1, Land Consolidation

[0142] After leveling the land, dig a trench in the land, and designate this trench as the cultivation trench. Form ridges on both sides of the cultivation trench, with the top of the ridge 20-35cm from the bottom of the cultivation trench.

[0143] S2, Preparation of culture carrier

[0144] Take fresh, mature Apocynum venetum branches, and comb them to form fibrous Apocynum venetum fibers from the stem bark, then set them aside.

[0145] S3, Seed Mixture Preparation

[0146] In this embodiment, 5g of seeds and 3.5kg of peat moss were weighed out. After mixing the weighed Apocynum venetum seeds and peat moss, water was added and stirred evenly. The amount of water added was such that the paste-like mixture could adhere to the fiber bundles, thus forming a paste-like mixture.

[0147] S4, Preparation of Germination Layer

[0148] The fibrous fibers of Apocynum venetum are woven together, using these fibers as the raw material, a three-strand braid as the main body, and a paste-like mixture as the adhesive to create a base layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination. The specific process is as follows: The fibrous fibers are divided into three fiber bundles. The paste-like mixture is then attached to the fiber bundles, and the three fiber bundles are woven into a three-strand braid. This results in the paste-like mixture being incorporated into the Apocynum venetum seed germination base layer. Once woven, this is the final product.

[0149] S5, Sowing Operation

[0150] Water is poured into the cultivation trenches between the ridges in step S1, ensuring that the soil within a 1.5–3.5 cm range below the surface is completely moistened. Then, the Apocynum venetum seed germination substrate is placed in the cultivation trenches to complete the sowing operation.

[0151] S6, Field Management

[0152] After step S5 is completed, keep the soil layer for Apocynum venetum seed germination moist through sprinkler or drip irrigation until the seeds germinate. Seedlings will begin to emerge in 1-2 days, and all seedlings will emerge in 3-5 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 90-95%. Seedlings will develop their second pair of true leaves in 8-13 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 90-95%. Seedlings will develop their third and fourth pairs of true leaves in 18-23 days, and their fifth and sixth pairs of true leaves in 28-35 days, during which time the humidity of the germination soil layer should be maintained between 60-80%. Thinning can be carried out after the seedlings have developed their fifth and sixth pairs of true leaves.

[0153] According to the measurements, the germination rate of 1,000 Apocynum venetum seeds in this embodiment was between 840 and 880 plants.

[0154] Example 5

[0155] After the seedlings of Apocynum venetum in Examples 1 to 4 have grown their 5th to 6th pairs of true leaves, thinning should be carried out.

[0156] Thinning is performed as follows: Before thinning, spray water thoroughly to fully moisten the soil around the seed germination site of the Apocynum venetum, preventing damage to the seedling roots during thinning. Remove any short or poorly growing plants to complete the thinning. After thinning, the seedlings cannot be directly transplanted into the field; they need to be hardened off. Hardening off involves reducing the amount of water sprayed around the seed germination site, spraying every 1-2 days to allow the seedlings to gradually adapt to the natural environment. The hardening-off process takes 5-10 days. In actual testing, the hardening-off process took 6 days.

[0157] After hardening off the seedlings, select robust seedlings with 5-7 pairs of true leaves, a height of 8-12cm, and uniform size. Cut the fiber bundles at the edge of the planting area to create several seedling planting blocks, and then transplant these blocks. Transplanting time is generally from April to May each year.

[0158] The area of ​​a certain experimental field is 3 hm² 2 After the autumn harvest in the second year, the average yield of Apocynum venetum was 3122 kg / hm². 2 The average length of the hemp stalks is 1.6m. The test results of the experimental field show that the seedlings cultivated by the direct seeding method adopted in this application have a high survival rate and can adapt to saline-alkali and arid soil environments. Through scientific management of water and fertilizer in the field, the cultivated Apocynum venetum plants grow vigorously, which is conducive to the large-scale propagation and planting of Apocynum venetum.

[0159] Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features unless otherwise stated.

Claims

1. A method for direct seeding and raising seedlings of Apocynum venetum L. characterized by, It comprises the following steps: S1, land consolidation After the land is leveled, a ditch is dug on the land, and the ditch is recorded as a cultivation ditch; the two sides of the cultivation ditch form a ridge, and the distance between the top of the ridge and the bottom surface of the cultivation ditch is 10-35 cm; S2, preparation of culture carrier Fresh mature apocynum venetum branches are taken, and the apocynum venetum branches are combed to form silk apocynum venetum fibers from the bark of the apocynum venetum branches, which are prepared for use; S3, preparation of seed mixture The apocynum venetum seeds, grass carbon and water are mixed uniformly to form a paste-like mixture; S4, preparation of germination base The silk apocynum venetum fibers are woven, and the silk apocynum venetum fibers are used as raw materials, three-strand braids are used as the main body, and the paste-like mixture is used as an adhesive to weave the apocynum venetum seed germination base; S5, sowing operation Water is poured into the cultivation ditch between the ridges in step S1 to completely wet the surface soil of the cultivation ditch; then, the apocynum venetum seed germination base is placed in the cultivation ditch to complete the sowing operation; S6, field management After step S5 is completed, the apocynum venetum seed germination base is kept moist by sprinkling or drip irrigation, and the apocynum venetum seeds germinate; after germination, field management is carried out until the apocynum venetum seedlings are completed; In step S3, the mass ratio of apocynum venetum seeds to grass carbon is (0.5-5):(500-5000); The operation steps of step S4, preparation of germination base, are as follows: The silk apocynum venetum fibers are divided into three fiber bundles, and the three fiber bundles are woven into three-strand braids to form the apocynum venetum seed germination base, which is prepared for use; During the process of weaving the three fiber bundles into three-strand braids, the paste-like mixture is attached to the fiber bundles, and the formed apocynum venetum seed germination base contains the paste-like mixture through the weaving process; In step S4, the weaving process is as follows: the paste-like mixture is placed on the palm of the weaver, the fiber bundles are in contact with the paste-like mixture on the palm, and the three fiber bundles are woven into three-strand braids; Or the weaving process is as follows: the paste-like mixture is first coated on the fiber bundles, and then the fiber bundles are woven into three-strand braids; In step S5, water is poured into the cultivation ditch between the ridges in step S1 to completely wet the soil within a range of 5 cm below the surface of the cultivation ditch; The operation of step S6, field management, is as follows: After step S5 is completed, the apocynum venetum seed germination base is kept moist by sprinkling or drip irrigation, and the apocynum venetum seeds germinate; after germination, field management is carried out until the apocynum venetum seedlings are completed; The second pair of true leaves of the apocynum venetum seedlings grows out 8-13 days later, and the moisture of the apocynum venetum seed germination base is kept between 90-95% during this period; The third to fourth pairs of true leaves of the apocynum venetum seedlings grow out 18-23 days later, and the fifth to sixth pairs of true leaves of the apocynum venetum seedlings grow out 28-35 days later, and the moisture of the apocynum venetum seed germination base is kept between 60-80% during this period; After the fifth to sixth pairs of true leaves of the apocynum venetum seedlings grow out, thinning can be carried out.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, After thinning, the seedlings cannot be directly transplanted into the field for planting, and need to be hardened off; The operation of hardening off is as follows: the amount of water sprayed on the apocynum venetum seed germination base is reduced, and the seedlings are gradually adapted to the natural environment by spraying water once a day for 1-2 days. The hardening off process lasts for 5-10 days.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by, After the seedling is completed, the seedlings with 5-7 pairs of true leaves, 8-12 cm in height and uniform and healthy in size are selected for planting.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the step S6, the germination bed of the apocynum venetum seed does not need to be covered and kept warm by a heat preservation film, the germination bed of the apocynum venetum seed is used as a heat preservation layer, based on the biodegradation of the apocynum venetum fiber, the covering, heat preservation and moisture retention function of the fiber bundle and the air permeability of the fiber bundle, suitable temperature, humidity and air permeability are provided for the germination and growth of the apocynum venetum seed. Meanwhile, the gaps between the fiber bundles can provide outward space for the initial growth of the apocynum venetum seedlings, reduce the growth resistance of the apocynum venetum seedlings and improve the germination rate of the apocynum venetum.

5. The use of the method for direct seeding and seedling of the resource of the seed of the plant of the genus Apocynum as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The method is used for the direct seeding and seedling raising of the apocynum venetum seed.

Images