Road slope ecological protection structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of side slope protection, in particular to a road side slope ecological protection structure which comprises positioning nails and a protection net and further comprises an anchoring mechanism arranged on the positioning nails and used for enhancing the anchoring stability of the positioning nails and side slope soil. The anchoring mechanism comprises a long shaft, the long shaft is fixed to the bottom of an inner cavity of the positioning nail, the top end of the long shaft penetrates through the top end face of the positioning nail, the outer surface of the long shaft is sleeved with a movable sleeve, a plurality of first sliding grooves are formed in the two sides of the movable sleeve, and fixing rings corresponding to the first sliding grooves in position are fixed to the inner wall of the positioning nail. An extrusion part is slidably connected between the first sliding groove and the fixing ring, a plurality of supporting parts are slidably connected to the interior of the positioning nail in the radial direction, a fixing plate is fixed to the bottom of each supporting part, and a barb type anchoring structure is formed when a nut is screwed, so that radial extrusion force is efficiently converted into embedding power of the positioning column; pressure concentration or insufficient thrust is avoided, and the pulling resistance is remarkably enhanced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of slope protection, in particular to a highway slope ecological protection structure and a construction method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The slope on both sides of the highway as an important protection unit of road engineering, its stability is directly related to the road traffic safety, the surrounding ecological environment and the engineering durability, through the covering protection net realizes the slope reinforcement protection is the passive protection technology widely used in current highway construction, the core principle is to disperse the stress of the slope soil or rock mass by the tensile strength of the protection net, to inhibit the collapse, landslide and other disaster risks, and to protect the structural safety during the road operation. The positioning nail of the protection net commonly used in current engineering is mainly based on the engineering characteristics of rock slope, and the rock mass of rock slope is dense, hard, strong in integrity and high in compressive strength. The positioning nail can be stably fixed by the strong bearing capacity of the rock mass after being implanted by drilling. However, when the positioning nail is applied to the soil slope scene, it can only rely on the lateral pressure of the soil to achieve temporary fixation. Since the soil is relatively soft, the positioning nail cannot form an effective anchoring interface after being inserted, and its stability is low. In the long-term use process, the positioning nail is easy to gradually loosen, shift or even completely separate from the slope soil, thereby causing the overall relaxation and sagging of the protection net, losing the constraint and reinforcement effect on the slope soil, and greatly weakening the disaster prevention and mitigation efficiency of the protection system. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of slope protection, in particular to a highway slope ecological protection structure and a construction method thereof.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a highway slope ecological protection structure, comprising a positioning nail and a protection net, further comprising: An anchoring mechanism is arranged on the positioning nail, which is used to enhance the anchoring stability of the positioning nail and the slope soil. The anchoring mechanism comprises a long shaft fixed to the bottom of the positioning nail inner cavity and penetrating through the top end surface of the positioning nail, the outer surface of the long shaft is sleeved with a movable sleeve, a plurality of first sliding grooves are formed on the two sides of the movable sleeve, a fixed ring corresponding to the position of the first sliding groove is fixed to the inner wall of the positioning nail, and a pressing piece is slidably connected between the first sliding groove and the fixed ring.

[0005] Further, the protective net comprises a plurality of steel wire ropes and fixing buckles, the fixing buckles are fixed at the intersection nodes of every two groups of steel wire ropes, and a through hole for the long shaft to pass through is formed in the center of the fixing buckle.

[0006] Further, a first spring is elastically supported between the bottom of the positioning nail inner cavity and the bottom end of the movable sleeve, and the first spring is sleeved on the outer side of the long shaft.

[0007] Further, the outer surface of the movable sleeve is rotatably sleeved with a movable ring, a plurality of groups of connecting frames are hinged to the outer surface of the movable ring through a hinge seat, a plurality of slot openings corresponding to the connecting frames are formed on the outer surface of the positioning nail, movable pieces are rotatably connected to the inside of the slot openings through rotating shafts, and the ends of the connecting frames away from the movable ring are hinged to the inner side walls of the movable pieces.

[0008] Further, the inside of the movable piece is provided with a second spring and a pressing plate, the second spring is elastically supported between the inner side wall of the movable piece and the pressing plate, one side of the pressing plate is fixed with a movable frame, a second sliding groove is formed on the outer side wall of the movable piece, the movable frame is slidably connected with the second sliding groove, an arc-shaped groove is formed on one side of the inner wall of the slot opening, and the end of the movable frame is slidably clamped with the arc-shaped groove; the inside of the movable piece is hinged with a baffle through a torsion spring, the pressing plate is in the shape of "n", the bottom end of the pressing plate is in pressing abutment with the baffle, and a sponge block is embedded in the inside of the pressing plate.

[0009] Further, the outer side wall of the movable piece is fixed with a cutter head, the top of the positioning nail is fixed with a feeding pipe, the bottom end of the feeding pipe is attached to one side wall of the movable piece, the side wall of the movable piece is provided with a feeding through hole corresponding to the feeding pipe, the feeding pipe is communicated with the inside of the movable piece through the feeding through hole, the communication part of the feeding pipe and the inside of the movable piece is below the extrusion plate, and the inside of the feeding pipe is filled with plant seeds; when the movable piece rotates around the rotating shaft to separate the movable frame from the arc-shaped groove, the second spring releases the elastic potential energy to push the extrusion plate to move outward along the inside of the movable piece.

[0010] Further, the lower surface of the screw nut is extruded and abuts against the upper surface of the fixed buckle, the lower surface of the fixed buckle is extruded and abuts against the top end surface of the movable sleeve, and the fixing of the protective net and the positioning nail is realized by tightening the screw nut.

[0011] Further, one side of the fixed plate towards the extrusion piece is an arc surface, the bottom end of the extrusion piece is extruded and abuts against the arc surface of the fixed plate, and the bottom end of the extrusion piece is provided with an inclined surface matched with the arc surface.

[0012] Further, the method comprises the following steps: S1. Slope pretreatment: clean the floating soil, gravel and weeds on the surface of the highway slope, mark the implantation points of the positioning nails on the slope at intervals of 2-3 m according to the slope gradient and soil stability, drill implantation holes at the marked points by using drilling equipment, the hole diameter of the implantation hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the positioning nail, and the hole depth is matched with the length of the positioning nail; S2. Positioning nail implantation: vertically place the positioning nail into the implantation hole, and ensure that the top end of the positioning nail is flush with the surface of the slope, at this time, the movable sleeve is in a high position under the elastic support of the first spring, the movable piece is accommodated in the notch, and the movable frame and the arc-shaped groove remain in the clamped state; S3. Protective net laying and fixing: lay the protective net on the surface of the slope, make the long axis of the positioning nail pass through the fixed buckle through hole at the intersection node of the protective net, and tighten the screw nut to extrude and abut the lower surface of the screw nut against the upper surface of the fixed buckle, and the lower surface of the fixed buckle against the top end surface of the movable sleeve, to complete the fixing of the protective net; S4. Anchor mechanism activation: the screw nut is sleeved on the top end of the long shaft and is tightened clockwise, the screw nut extrudes and abuts against the movable sleeve downward, the movable sleeve moves downward along the long shaft, the movable sleeve rotates synchronously through the cooperation of the screw guide groove and the sliding protrusion, the movable sleeve rotates to drive the extrusion piece to rotate around the long shaft through the first sliding groove, the extrusion piece extrudes and cooperates with the arc surface of the fixed plate to generate a radial extrusion force to push the support piece to move outward, the tapered end of the support piece extrudes the positioning column to make the positioning column pass through the circular hole to protrude from the positioning nail and embed into the slope soil, to form a barb structure to enhance the anchoring stability; S5. Deployment and breaking of soil of movable parts: When the movable sleeve moves downward, the movable ring on its outer surface moves downward simultaneously, and the movable part is pulled outward by the connecting frame around the rotating axis in the slot. The cutter head on the outer wall of the movable part cuts through the soil on the slope surface during the rotation process. When the movable part rotates to the preset angle, the movable frame separates from the arc groove and the locking restriction is released. S6. Plant Seed Placement: Plant seeds are filled into the feed pipe. The seeds enter the movable part through the feed hole at the bottom of the feed pipe and are stored below the extrusion plate. After the movable frame separates from the arc groove, the second spring releases elastic potential energy, pushing the extrusion plate to move outward along the inside of the movable part. The extrusion plate at the bottom of the extrusion plate extrudes the baffle, causing it to rotate around the torsion spring, opening the discharge port on the outside of the movable part. At the same time, the extrusion plate pushes the seeds into the slope soil. The sponge block inside the extrusion plate prevents damage to the seeds when pushing them. S7. Subsequent maintenance: After construction is completed, water the slope surface to keep the soil moist. Regularly check the anchoring status of the positioning nails and the tension of the protective net. Ecological protection will be completed after the plant seeds germinate and grow to form vegetation cover.

[0013] The present invention proposes an ecological protection structure for highway slopes and its construction method, the beneficial effects of which are as follows: 1. The protective structure significantly improves the bonding strength with the slope soil through a double anchoring design: the conical support inside the positioning nail, together with the positioning column tilted upward at 45°, forms a hook-type anchoring structure when the nut is tightened, which efficiently converts the radial extrusion pressure into the embedding power of the positioning column, avoids pressure concentration or insufficient thrust, and significantly enhances the pull-out resistance.

[0014] 2. The protective netting is woven from high-strength steel wire rope, and the intersections are reinforced by integrated molding fasteners to prevent the netting from loosening and to ensure structural stability against impact and tearing. The central through hole of the fastener is fitted with the long axis with clearance, and the compression transmission through the nut, fastener, and movable sleeve achieves tight fixing of the protective netting and the positioning nail. This ensures the tension of the netting and can adaptively adjust to slight displacement of the soil, avoiding local stress concentration that could lead to damage to the netting.

[0015] 3. The structure has a built-in plant seed storage and automatic sowing mechanism. The connection design between the feed pipe and the moving parts ensures the safety of seed storage. The rotating moving parts break the soil and the pushing action of the extrusion plate driven by the second spring are linked synchronously. After the anchoring construction is completed, the seeds are automatically planted into the loose soil. The setting of sponge blocks can avoid seed damage and improve the germination rate. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the side of the present invention; Figure 3For the present invention Figure 2 A partially enlarged structural diagram; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the support member of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly structure of the connecting frame and movable parts of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the movable component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembly of the support member and a partial cross-sectional view of the movable part of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the positioning pin and movable component of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Positioning pin; 2. Protective net; 201. Steel wire rope; 202. Fixing buckle; 3. Long shaft; 4. Movable sleeve; 5. First slide groove; 6. Fixing ring; 7. Extrusion part; 8. Support part; 9. Fixing plate; 10. Positioning post; 11. Nut; 12. First spring; 13. Movable ring; 14. Connecting frame; 15. Groove; 16. Movable part; 17. Second spring; 18. Extrusion plate; 19. Movable frame; 20. Baffle; 21. Arc groove; 22. Cutting head; 23. Second slide groove; 24. Feed pipe; 25. Spiral guide groove; 26. Round hole. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0019] refer to Figures 1-8 An ecological protection structure for highway slopes includes positioning nails 1 and protective netting 2, and also includes: An anchoring mechanism, which is set on the positioning nail 1, is used to enhance the anchoring stability between the positioning nail 1 and the slope soil; The anchoring mechanism includes a long shaft 3, which is fixed to the bottom of the inner cavity of the positioning pin 1 and its top end penetrates the top surface of the positioning pin 1. A movable sleeve 4 is fitted on the outer surface of the long shaft 3. Several first sliding grooves 5 are opened on both sides of the movable sleeve 4. A fixing ring 6 corresponding to the position of the first sliding groove 5 is fixed on the inner wall of the positioning pin 1. An extrusion member 7 is slidably connected between the first sliding groove 5 and the fixing ring 6. Several support members 8 are slidably connected radially inside the positioning pin 1. A fixing plate 9 is fixed at the bottom of the support member 8. Several round holes 26 corresponding to the support members 8 are opened on the side wall of the positioning pin 1. A positioning post 10 is slidably fitted inside the round hole 26. The support member 8 is conical and abuts against the bottom end of the positioning post 10. The positioning post 10 is inclined upward at 45°. An external thread is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the top end of the long shaft 3 and a nut 11 is connected through the external thread. A spiral guide groove 25 is provided on the top of the movable sleeve 4. A sliding protrusion is provided on the top end of the positioning pin 1. The movable sleeve 4 slides with the sliding protrusion through the spiral guide groove 25.

[0020] The long shaft 3 provides the core installation reference for the entire anchoring mechanism. Its fixing method ensures the structural stability of the bottom of the inner cavity of the positioning nail 1. The spiral guide groove 25 of the movable sleeve 4 cooperates with the sliding protrusion at the top of the positioning nail 1. The first sliding groove 5 and the fixing ring 6 restrict the movement trajectory of the extrusion member 7, so that it can only rotate with the movable sleeve 4 and maintain radial position stability. The tapered support member 8 uses the inclined surface to transmit the extrusion force. With the positioning column 10 tilted upward at 45°, the positioning column 10 can form a hook-type anchor with the soil after it extends, which greatly improves the pull-out resistance. The round hole 26 plays a guiding and limiting role for the positioning column 10 to avoid displacement. The positioning column 10 is pushed out by the tapered support member 8. The upward tilt of 45° can make the radial extrusion force of the support member 8 more smoothly transmitted to the positioning column 10, avoiding the pressure concentration at the root of the positioning column 10 due to the angle being too large, or the thrust being too decomposed due to the angle being too small, resulting in insufficient power for the positioning column 10 to extend.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the protective net 2 includes several steel wire ropes 201 and fixing buckles 202. The fixing buckles 202 are fixed at the intersection of every two sets of steel wire ropes 201, and the center of the fixing buckle 202 has a through hole for the long shaft 3 to pass through.

[0022] The steel wire rope 201 is made of high-strength material to ensure that the protective net 2 has impact resistance and tear resistance, and can adapt to possible displacement of the slope soil. The fixing buckle 202 adopts an integrated molding design and is fixed at the intersection of the steel wire rope 201 to prevent the net from loosening. The inner diameter of its central through hole is matched with the outer diameter of the long shaft 3, which not only ensures that the long shaft 3 can pass through smoothly, but also achieves tight fixation through compression.

[0023] like Figure 2As shown, a first spring 12 is elastically supported between the bottom of the inner cavity of the positioning pin 1 and the bottom end of the movable sleeve 4, and the first spring 12 is sleeved on the outside of the long shaft 3.

[0024] The first spring 12 is in a pre-compressed state, initially providing upward elastic support for the movable sleeve 4, keeping it in a high position, which facilitates the cooperation between the fixing buckle 202 and the long shaft 3 when the protective net 2 is installed. The design of being sleeved on the outside of the long shaft 3 can prevent the spring from shifting and ensure that the elastic force is transmitted axially.

[0025] like Figure 3 As shown, a movable ring 13 is rotatably fitted on the outer surface of the movable sleeve 4. Several sets of connecting frames 14 are hinged to the outer surface of the movable ring 13 through a hinge seat. Several slots 15 corresponding to the connecting frames 14 are opened on the outer surface of the positioning pin 1. A movable part 16 is rotatably connected to the inside of the slot 15 through a rotating shaft. The end of the connecting frame 14 away from the movable ring 13 is hinged to the inner side wall of the movable part 16.

[0026] The movable ring 13 is rotatably connected to the movable sleeve 4, which ensures that the movable sleeve 4 does not drive the connecting frame 14 to rotate synchronously when it rotates, but only transmits axial displacement. The connecting frame 14 is hinged to connect the movable ring 13 and the movable part 16 respectively, realizing flexible force transmission. When the movable sleeve 4 moves down, the connecting frame 14 pulls the movable part 16 to rotate outward around the rotating axis in the slot 15. The size of the slot 15 is adapted to the movable part 16, ensuring that the movable part 16 does not protrude from the outer surface of the positioning nail 1 when it is stored, which facilitates the implantation of the positioning nail 1 into the soil.

[0027] like Figure 3 , 6 As shown in Figure 8, the movable part 16 is internally provided with a second spring 17 and a pressing plate 18. The second spring 17 is elastically supported between the inner side wall of the movable part 16 and the pressing plate 18. A movable frame 19 is fixed on one side of the pressing plate 18. A second sliding groove 23 is provided on the outer side wall of the movable part 16. The movable frame 19 is slidably connected to the second sliding groove 23. An arc-shaped groove 21 is provided on one side inner wall of the groove 15. The end of the movable frame 19 is slidably engaged with the arc-shaped groove 21. A baffle 20 is hinged inside the movable part 16 by a torsion spring. The pressing plate 18 is "n" shaped, and the bottom end of the pressing plate 18 is pressed against the baffle 20. A sponge block is embedded inside the pressing plate 18.

[0028] The second spring 17 is initially in a compressed state and is limited by the engagement of the movable frame 19 and the arc groove 21. The arc structure of the arc groove 21 can adapt to the displacement trajectory of the movable frame 19 during the rotation of the movable part 16. The second slide groove 23 provides a sliding guide for the movable frame 19, ensuring that the extrusion plate 18 moves smoothly along the interior of the movable part 16. The design of the "n"-shaped extrusion plate 18 not only ensures effective contact with the baffle 20, but also reserves storage space for plant seeds. The baffle 20 is hinged by a torsion spring. In the initial state, it closes the discharge port of the movable part 16. When the extrusion plate 18 moves, it pushes the baffle 20 open by extrusion.

[0029] like Figure 3 , 5 As shown, a cutter head 22 is fixed to the outer wall of the movable part 16, and a feed pipe 24 is fixed to the top of the positioning pin 1. The bottom end of the feed pipe 24 is attached to one side wall of the movable part 16. The side wall of the movable part 16 has a feed through hole corresponding to the feed pipe 24, and the feed pipe 24 communicates with the interior of the movable part 16 through the feed through hole. The connection between the feed pipe 24 and the interior of the movable part 16 is located below the extrusion plate 18. The interior of the feed pipe 24 is filled with plant seeds. When the movable part 16 rotates around the pivot until the movable frame 19 separates from the arc groove 21, the second spring 17 releases elastic potential energy and pushes the extrusion plate 18 to move outward along the interior of the movable part 16.

[0030] The cutter head 22 is made of wear-resistant alloy material. When the movable part 16 rotates, it can cut through the slope soil to create a loose soil environment for plant seeds to take root. The fit design of the feed pipe 24 and the movable part 16 and the correspondence of the feed through hole ensure that the plant seeds can smoothly enter the interior of the movable part 16. The connection point is located below the extrusion plate 18, which can prevent the seeds from falling before they are released. The separation of the movable frame 19 and the arc groove 21 is the trigger condition for the release of the second spring 17, realizing the synchronous linkage between seed pushing and the rotation of the movable part 16, and improving the automation level of ecological protection.

[0031] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the lower surface of the nut 11 is pressed against the upper surface of the fixing buckle 202, and the lower surface of the fixing buckle 202 is pressed against the top surface of the movable sleeve 4. The protective net 2 and the positioning nail 1 are fixed by tightening the nut 11.

[0032] The nut 11 is tightened through the external thread at the top of the long shaft 3. By utilizing the compression transmission of "nut 11, fixing buckle 202, and movable sleeve 4", the protective net 2 is tensioned and fixed, and the movable sleeve 4 is provided with downward driving force.

[0033] like Figure 4 , 6As shown, the side of the fixing plate 9 facing the extruder 7 is arc-shaped, the bottom end of the extruder 7 is pressed against the arc-shaped surface of the fixing plate 9, and the bottom end of the extruder 7 is provided with an inclined surface that matches the arc-shaped surface.

[0034] The curved surface of the fixed plate 9 and the inclined surface at the bottom of the extruder 7 are complementary designs, which can convert the rotational motion of the extruder 7 into radial extrusion force, ensuring that the support 8 moves smoothly to the outside; the inclined surface matching structure reduces motion resistance, avoids jamming, and improves the operational reliability of the anchoring mechanism.

[0035] Working procedure: First, clear the loose soil, gravel, and weeds from the surface of the highway slope. Based on the slope gradient and soil stability, mark the insertion points of the positioning nails 1 on the slope at intervals of 2-3 meters. Use drilling equipment to drill insertion holes at the marked points. The diameter of the insertion holes is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the positioning nail 1, and the hole depth matches the length of the positioning nail 1. Then, vertically insert the positioning nail 1 into the insertion hole, ensuring that the top of the positioning nail 1 is flush with the slope surface. Plant seeds are then filled into the feed pipe 24. The seeds enter the movable part 16 through the feed through-hole at the bottom of the feed pipe 24 and are stored below the extrusion plate 18. At this time, the movable sleeve 4 is in a high position under the elastic support of the first spring 12. The movable part 16 is stored in the slot 15, and the movable frame 19 is engaged with the arc-shaped slot 21. Then, the protective net 2 is laid flat on the slope surface, so that the long axis 3 of the positioning nail 1 passes through the through hole of the fixing buckle 202 at the intersection of the protective net 2. The nut 11 is tightened, so that the lower surface of the nut 11 presses against the upper surface of the fixing buckle 202, and the lower surface of the fixing buckle 202 fits against the top surface of the movable sleeve 4, thus completing the fixation of the protective net 2. At the same time, the nut 11 is put on the top of the long axis 3 and tightened clockwise. The nut 11 presses down on the movable sleeve 4, so that the movable sleeve 4 moves downward along the long axis 3. Through the cooperation of the spiral guide groove 25 and the sliding protrusion, the movable sleeve 4 rotates synchronously. When the movable sleeve 4 rotates, it drives the extrusion member 7 to rotate around the long axis 3 through the first sliding groove 5. The extrusion member 7 and the arc-shaped surface of the fixed plate 9 are pressed together, generating radial extrusion force to push the support member 8 to move outward. The conical end of the support member 8 presses the positioning post 10, causing the positioning post 10 to pass through the round hole 26, extend the positioning nail 1, and embed into the slope soil, forming a barbed structure to enhance the anchoring stability. When the movable sleeve 4 moves downward, the movable ring 13 on its outer surface moves downward simultaneously, pulling the movable member 16 to rotate outward around the rotating axis in the groove 15 through the connecting frame 14. The cutter head 22 on the outer wall of the movable member 16 cuts through the slope surface soil during the rotation process. When the movable member 16 rotates to the preset angle, the movable frame... 19 separates from the arc groove 21, releasing the locking restriction; after the movable frame 19 separates from the arc groove 21, the second spring 17 releases elastic potential energy, pushing the extrusion plate 18 to move outward along the inside of the movable part 16. The bottom end of the extrusion plate 18 extrudes the baffle 20, causing it to rotate around the torsion spring, opening the discharge port on the outside of the movable part 16. At the same time, the extrusion plate 18 pushes the seeds into the slope soil. The sponge block inside the extrusion plate 18 prevents damage to the seeds when pushing them. After the construction is completed, the slope surface is watered to keep the soil moist. The anchoring status of the positioning nail 1 and the tension of the protective net 2 are checked regularly. After the plant seeds germinate and grow to form vegetation cover, the ecological protection is completed.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological protection structure for highway slopes, comprising positioning nails (1) and protective netting (2), characterized in that, Also includes: An anchoring mechanism, which is set on the positioning nail (1) to enhance the anchoring stability between the positioning nail (1) and the slope soil; The anchoring mechanism includes a long shaft (3), which is fixed to the bottom of the inner cavity of the positioning pin (1) and its top end penetrates the top surface of the positioning pin (1). A movable sleeve (4) is fitted on the outer surface of the long shaft (3). Several first sliding grooves (5) are opened on both sides of the movable sleeve (4). A fixing ring (6) corresponding to the position of the first sliding groove (5) is fixed to the inner wall of the positioning pin (1). An extrusion member (7) is slidably connected between the first sliding groove (5) and the fixing ring (6). Several support members (8) are slidably connected radially inside the positioning pin (1). A fixing plate (9) is fixed to the bottom of the support member (8). The side wall of the positioning pin (1) is provided with several round holes (26) corresponding to the support member (8). The positioning post (10) is slidably sleeved inside the round hole (26). The support member (8) is conical and abuts against the bottom end of the positioning post (10). The positioning post (10) is inclined upward at 45°. The outer circumferential surface of the top end of the long shaft (3) is provided with an external thread and a nut (11) is connected through the external thread. The top of the movable sleeve (4) is provided with a spiral guide groove (25). The top end of the positioning pin (1) is provided with a sliding protrusion. The movable sleeve (4) slides with the sliding protrusion through the spiral guide groove (25).

2. The ecological protection structure for highway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective net (2) includes several steel wire ropes (201) and fixing buckles (202). The fixing buckles (202) are fixed at the intersection of every two sets of steel wire ropes (201), and the center of the fixing buckle (202) has a through hole for the long shaft (3) to pass through.

3. The ecological protection structure for highway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first spring (12) is elastically supported between the bottom of the inner cavity of the positioning pin (1) and the bottom end of the movable sleeve (4), and the first spring (12) is sleeved on the outside of the long shaft (3).

4. The ecological protection structure for highway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the movable sleeve (4) is rotatably fitted with a movable ring (13). The outer surface of the movable ring (13) is hinged with several sets of connecting frames (14) through a hinge seat. The outer surface of the positioning pin (1) is provided with several slots (15) corresponding to the connecting frames (14). The inside of the slots (15) is rotatably connected to a movable part (16) through a rotating shaft. The end of the connecting frame (14) away from the movable ring (13) is hinged to the inner wall of the movable part (16).

5. The ecological protection structure for highway slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The movable part (16) is provided with a second spring (17) and a pressing plate (18) inside. The second spring (17) is elastically supported between the inner side wall of the movable part (16) and the pressing plate (18). A movable frame (19) is fixed on one side of the pressing plate (18). A second sliding groove (23) is opened on the outer side wall of the movable part (16). The movable frame (19) is slidably connected to the second sliding groove (23). An arc groove (21) is opened on the inner side wall of the groove (15). The end of the movable frame (19) is slidably engaged with the arc groove (21). A baffle (20) is hinged inside the movable part (16) by a torsion spring. The pressing plate (18) is "n" shaped, and the bottom end of the pressing plate (18) is pressed against the baffle (20). A sponge block is embedded inside the pressing plate (18).

6. The ecological protection structure for highway slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer wall of the movable part (16) is fixed with a cutter head (22), and the top of the positioning pin (1) is fixed with a feed pipe (24). The bottom end of the feed pipe (24) is attached to one side wall of the movable part (16). The side wall of the movable part (16) is provided with a feed through hole corresponding to the feed pipe (24), and the feed pipe (24) is connected to the interior of the movable part (16) through the feed through hole. The connection between the feed pipe (24) and the interior of the movable part (16) is located below the extrusion plate (18). The interior of the feed pipe (24) is filled with plant seeds. When the movable part (16) rotates around the pivot until the movable frame (19) separates from the arc groove (21), the second spring (17) releases elastic potential energy and pushes the extrusion plate (18) to move outward along the interior of the movable part (16).

7. The ecological protection structure for highway slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower surface of the nut (11) is pressed against the upper surface of the fixing buckle (202), and the lower surface of the fixing buckle (202) is pressed against the top surface of the movable sleeve (4). The protective net (2) and the positioning nail (1) are fixed by tightening the nut (11).

8. The ecological protection structure for highway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed plate (9) has an arc-shaped surface on the side facing the extruder (7). The bottom end of the extruder (7) is pressed against the arc-shaped surface of the fixed plate (9), and the bottom end of the extruder (7) is provided with an inclined surface that matches the arc-shaped surface.

9. A construction method for an ecological protection structure for highway slopes according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Slope pretreatment: Clean up the loose soil, gravel and weeds on the surface of the highway slope. According to the slope gradient and soil stability, mark the implantation points of the positioning nails (1) on the slope at intervals of 2-3m. Use drilling equipment to drill implantation holes at the marked points. The diameter of the implantation hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the positioning nail (1), and the hole depth is adapted to the length of the positioning nail (1). S2. Positioning pin insertion: Insert the positioning pin (1) vertically into the insertion hole, ensuring that the top of the positioning pin (1) is flush with the slope surface. At this time, the movable sleeve (4) is in a high position under the elastic support of the first spring (12), the movable part (16) is stored in the slot (15), and the movable frame (19) and the arc groove (21) are in a snap-fit ​​state. S3. Laying and fixing the protective net: Lay the protective net (2) flat on the slope surface, so that the long axis (3) of the positioning nail (1) passes through the through hole of the fixing buckle (202) at the intersection of the protective net (2), tighten the nut (11), so that the lower surface of the nut (11) presses against the upper surface of the fixing buckle (202), and the lower surface of the fixing buckle (202) fits against the top surface of the movable sleeve (4), thus completing the fixing of the protective net (2); S4. Anchoring mechanism activation: The nut (11) is placed on the top of the long shaft (3) and tightened clockwise. The nut (11) presses down on the movable sleeve (4), causing the movable sleeve (4) to move down along the long shaft (3). Through the cooperation of the spiral guide groove (25) and the sliding protrusion, the movable sleeve (4) rotates synchronously. When the movable sleeve (4) rotates, it drives the extrusion piece (7) to rotate around the long shaft (3) through the first sliding groove (5). The extrusion piece (7) is pressed and cooperated with the arc surface of the fixed plate (9), generating radial extrusion force to push the support piece (8) to move outward. The conical end of the support piece (8) presses the positioning column (10), causing the positioning column (10) to pass through the round hole (26), extend the positioning nail (1), and embed into the slope soil, forming a barbed structure to enhance the anchoring stability. S5. Deployment and breaking of soil of movable part: When the movable sleeve (4) moves downward, the movable ring (13) on its outer surface moves downward synchronously, and the movable part (16) is pulled outward by the connecting frame (14) around the rotating axis in the slot (15). The cutter head (22) on the outer wall of the movable part (16) breaks the soil on the slope surface during the rotation process. When the movable part (16) rotates to the preset angle, the movable frame (19) separates from the arc groove (21) and releases the locking restriction. S6. Plant seed placement: The movable part (16) is initially in contact with the feed pipe (24) and fills the feed pipe (24) with plant seeds. The seeds enter the movable part (16) through the feed hole at the bottom of the feed pipe (24) and are stored below the extrusion plate (18). When the movable part (16) rotates, it separates from the feed pipe (24). After the movable frame (19) separates from the arc groove (21), the second spring (17) releases elastic potential energy and pushes the extrusion plate (18) to move outward along the inside of the movable part (16). The bottom end of the extrusion plate (18) extrudes the baffle (20) to make it rotate around the torsion spring, opening the discharge port on the outside of the movable part (16). At the same time, the extrusion plate (18) pushes the seeds into the slope soil. The sponge block inside the extrusion plate (18) prevents damage to the seeds when pushing them. S7. Subsequent maintenance: After the construction is completed, water the slope surface to keep the soil moist. Regularly check the anchoring status of the positioning nails (1) and the tension of the protective net (2). After the plant seeds germinate and grow to form vegetation cover, ecological protection is completed.

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