Field interplanting method for virus-free variety of dioscorea opposita

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of yam cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for intercropping virus-free yam varieties in the field, comprising (1) field organic matter cultivation, (2) yam intercropping, and (3) field management. This invention addresses the characteristics of virus-free yam varieties, such as good resistance and excellent growth patterns, by specifically improving the soil during intercropping with cowpeas. This results in soil rich in organic matter and mineral nutrients, providing a favorable environment for microbial activity. This fosters good interaction between microorganisms and cowpeas in the soil, promoting the growth of cowpeas and rapeseed. Utilizing the shielding effect and root activity of cowpeas and rapeseed, the water and fertilizer retention capacity and soil activity of the soil are improved, significantly promoting yam growth and improving yam quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of yam cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for intercropping virus-free yam varieties in the field. Background Technology

[0002] Yam cultivation is large-scale and high-yielding. It is used for both medicinal and culinary purposes in the market, and demand is high. In many places, yam is considered a major economic crop. Cowpea is an annual, twining, herbaceous vine or nearly erect herbaceous plant belonging to the genus *Vigna* of the legume family. Its stems are highly branched, the plant is relatively tall, and the branches are often curved. The leaves are opposite, with short petioles, and are nearly round. The flowers are small, white, fragrant, and polygonal. The fruit is ribbed, spherical, and dark brown. The seeds are small, sickle-shaped, and have a smooth outer skin. Flowering occurs from May to June; fruiting from July to August. Cowpeas are adaptable and relatively easy to cultivate, making them a major vegetable crop.

[0003] Current intercropping techniques for yams primarily focus on space utilization. For example, CN202110546018.1 describes a cultivation method for intercropping yams with cowpeas. This method utilizes the intercropping cultivation model of yams and cowpeas, combining the growth characteristics of both. Through scientific and reasonable planting management, it not only improves land utilization efficiency and increases yield and income but also achieves dual-purpose use of a single trellis, saving labor and costs. Another example is CN201811096153.5, which describes a cultivation method for intercropping Chinese yam in a hilly, sloping mandarin orange orchard. The Chinese yam tubers grow vertically downwards to a depth of 40-100cm, while simultaneously expanding laterally to a diameter of 5.0-8.0cm, effectively loosening the soil and promoting the vertical and horizontal growth of the mandarin orange roots, facilitating the absorption of nutrients and water from the soil. It is evident that research on intercropping yam and cowpea based on their fertilizer effects is lacking. This invention utilizes the differences in fertilizer effects between yam and cowpea to promote yam growth and improve yam quality by intercropping them. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a field intercropping method for virus-free yam varieties. By intercropping yam and cowpea, soil fertility is activated, and yam quality is improved. The specific method is as follows:

[0005] A method for intercropping virus-free yam varieties in the field includes the following steps:

[0006] (1) Field organic matter cultivation

[0007] Mix saturated lime water and cassava starch at a mass ratio of 5:1-2, dilute 2000-3000 times, and apply 80-90 kg / mu to the soil surface. Apply 800-900 kg / mu of green pasture and tamp it down with your feet. Then apply 600-800 kg / mu of manure. Dilute EM bacterial solution 1500-2000 times and spray 20-30 kg / mu onto the manure and green pasture surface. Deep plow the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm. After 1-2 days, mix EM bacterial solution and biogas slurry at a mass ratio of 1:2-3, dilute 800-1000 times, and spray 15-20 kg / mu onto the soil. After 2-3 days, plow the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm.

[0008] (2) Yam intercropping

[0009] Divide the field into raised beds, 2-2.5 meters wide, and 0.4-0.5 meters wide for the furrows. Apply 400-500 kg / mu of base fertilizer. Plant yams at a density of 4300-4600 plants per mu. Plant 2-3 cowpeas between every two yam plants. Sow rapeseed seeds in the furrows at a density of 400-500 g / mu. Install trellises in the middle of the raised beds for the yams to climb.

[0010] The method for preparing the basic fertilizer is as follows: by weight, mix and crush 10-13 parts potassium feldspar, 5-8 parts calcite, and 20-30 parts vermiculite into powder of 500-800 mesh, mix the powder with 150-190 parts chicken manure, add 80-90 parts soybean straw powder, adjust the moisture content to 93-95%, and let it stand for 5-7 days;

[0011] Place the mixture into a pool, maintaining a thickness of 3-5 cm. Add water to the pool, then add green algae, moss, and water caltrop. Cultivate for 2-3 weeks, maintaining the water depth under sunlight, and allow it to grow naturally for 2-3 weeks. Remove the surface plants, crush them, and return them to the pool. Stop adding water to the pool and allow the water to evaporate naturally, controlling the moisture content to 66-68%. This yields the base fertilizer.

[0012] (3) Field management

[0013] After the yam seedlings emerge, manually remove the weeds between the seedlings; dilute the apple pomace 10-15 times, add 3-5% of decomposing bacteria and mix well, spray it on the bed surface at a rate of 50-55 kg / mu, and then apply 400-500 kg / mu of well-rotted manure.

[0014] During the vigorous growth period of yam, apply 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, once during the entire growth period;

[0015] When the yam plant grows to 15-16 nodes, cut off the top growing point and apply 70-80 kg / mu of potassium humate in the field.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (1), the green pasture grass is one or more of sweet elephant grass and king grass.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (1), the fineness of the green pasture grass is 2-3 cm.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (2), the water depth in the pool is 6-8 cm.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (2), the planting density of the water taro in the pond is 3-4 plants / square meter.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (2), the amount of green algae added to the pool is 0.1-0.2 kg / m².

[0021] Furthermore, in step (2), the amount of moss added to the pool is 0.2-0.25 kg / m².

[0022] Furthermore, in step (3), the decomposing bacteria are a mixture of silicate bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1:1.8-2.5.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the present invention are reflected in:

[0024] This invention targets the superior resistance and excellent growth characteristics of virus-free yam varieties. Through targeted soil improvement during intercropping with cowpeas, the soil is enriched with organic matter and mineral nutrients, providing an optimal environment for microbial activity. Furthermore, the invention features a specially designed base fertilizer. This mineral fertilizer, absorbed by plants during soaking, utilizes the high conversion rate of moss, algae, and water caltrop to promote the formation of a rich enzyme and microbial system in the water, facilitating the release of mineral fertilizers. This creates a positive interaction between the fertilizer and microorganisms in the soil, promoting the growth of cowpeas and rapeseed. The shielding effect and root activity of cowpeas and rapeseed further enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity and soil activity, significantly promoting yam growth and improving yam quality. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a diagram of yam growth according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be further defined below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection is not limited to the description made.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for intercropping virus-free yam varieties in the field includes the following steps:

[0029] (1) Field organic matter cultivation

[0030] Mix saturated lime water and cassava starch at a mass ratio of 5:1, dilute 2000 times, and apply 80 kg / mu to the soil surface. Apply 800 kg / mu of green pasture and tamp it down with your feet. Then apply 600 kg / mu of manure. Dilute EM solution 1500 times and spray 20 kg / mu onto the manure and green pasture surface. Plow the soil to a depth of 30 cm. After 1-2 days, mix EM solution and biogas slurry at a mass ratio of 1:2, dilute 800 times, and spray 15 kg / mu onto the soil. After 2 days, plow the soil to a depth of 20 cm.

[0031] The green pasture grass is sweet elephant grass, and the fineness of the green pasture grass is 2cm;

[0032] (2) Yam intercropping

[0033] Divide the field into ridges, each 2 meters wide and with a 0.4-meter-wide ditch. Apply 400 kg / mu of base fertilizer. Plant yams at a density of 4300 plants per mu. Plant two cowpeas between every two yam plants. Sow rapeseed seeds in the furrows at a density of 400 g / mu. Install trellises in the middle of the ridges for the yams to climb.

[0034] The method for preparing the basic fertilizer is as follows: by weight, mix and crush 10 parts potassium feldspar, 5 parts calcite, and 20 parts vermiculite into 500-mesh powder, mix the powder with 150 parts chicken manure, add 80 parts soybean straw powder, adjust the moisture content to 93%, and let it stand for 5 days.

[0035] Place the mixture into a pool, maintaining a thickness of 3cm. Add water to the pool, then add green algae, moss, and water caltrop. Cultivate for 2 weeks, maintaining the water depth in the pool under sunlight, and allow it to grow naturally for 2 weeks. Remove the surface plants, crush them, and put them back into the pool. Stop adding water to the pool and allow the water to evaporate naturally, controlling the moisture content to 66%, thus obtaining the base fertilizer.

[0036] The water depth in the pool is 6 cm; the planting density of the water taro in the pool is 3 plants / square meter; the amount of green algae added to the pool is 0.1 kg / square meter; the amount of moss added to the pool is 0.2 kg / square meter.

[0037] (3) Field management

[0038] After the yam seedlings emerge, manually remove the weeds between the seedlings; dilute the apple pomace 10 times, add 3% decomposing bacteria and mix well, spray it on the bed surface at a rate of 50 kg / mu, and then apply well-rotted manure at a rate of 400 kg / mu.

[0039] The decomposing bacteria are a mixture of silicate bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1:1.8;

[0040] During the vigorous growth period of yam, apply 60 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, and apply it once during the entire growth period.

[0041] When the yam plant reaches 15 nodes, cut off the top growing point and simultaneously apply 70 kg / mu of potassium humate to the field. The yam will then grow as expected. Figure 1 It is evident that the intercropped yam grows vigorously.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A method for intercropping virus-free yam varieties in the field includes the following steps:

[0044] (1) Field organic matter cultivation

[0045] Mix saturated lime water and cassava starch at a mass ratio of 5:2, dilute 3000 times, and apply 90 kg / mu to the soil surface. Apply 900 kg / mu of green pasture and tamp it down with your feet. Then apply 800 kg / mu of manure. Dilute EM bacterial solution 2000 times and spray 30 kg / mu onto the manure and green pasture surface. Plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm. Two days later, mix EM bacterial solution and biogas slurry at a mass ratio of 1:3, dilute 1000 times, and spray 20 kg / mu onto the soil. After three days, plow the soil to a depth of 30 cm again.

[0046] The green pasture grass is Napier grass, and the fineness of the green pasture grass is 3cm;

[0047] (2) Yam intercropping

[0048] Divide the field into raised beds, each 2.5 meters wide and with a 0.5-meter-wide furrow. Apply basal fertilizer at a rate of 500 kg / mu. Plant yams at a density of 4600 plants per mu. Plant 3 cowpeas between every two yam plants. Sow rapeseed seeds in the furrows at a density of 500 g / mu. Install trellises in the middle of the raised beds for the yams to climb.

[0049] The method for preparing the basic fertilizer is as follows: by weight, mix and crush 13 parts potassium feldspar, 8 parts calcite, and 30 parts vermiculite into 800-mesh powder, mix the powder with 190 parts chicken manure, add 90 parts soybean straw powder, adjust the moisture content to 95%, and let it stand for 7 days.

[0050] Place the mixture into a pool, maintaining a thickness of 5cm. Add water to the pool, then add green algae, moss, and water caltrop. Cultivate for 3 weeks, maintaining the water depth in the pool under sunlight, and allow it to grow naturally for 3 weeks. Remove the surface plants, crush them, and put them back into the pool. Stop adding water to the pool and allow the water to evaporate naturally, controlling the water content to 68%, thus obtaining the base fertilizer.

[0051] The water depth in the pool is 8 cm; the planting density of the water taro in the pool is 4 plants / square meter; the amount of green algae added to the pool is 0.2 kg / square meter; the amount of moss added to the pool is 0.25 kg / square meter.

[0052] (3) Field management

[0053] After the yam seedlings emerge, manually remove the weeds between the seedlings; dilute the apple pomace 15 times, add 5% decomposing bacteria and mix well, spray it on the bed surface at a rate of 55 kg / mu, and then apply well-rotted manure at a rate of 500 kg / mu.

[0054] The decomposing bacteria are a mixture of silicate bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1:2.5.

[0055] During the vigorous growth period of yam, apply 80 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, once during the entire growth period;

[0056] When the yam plant grows to 16 nodes, cut off the top growing point and apply 80 kg / mu of potassium humate in the field at the same time.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A method for intercropping virus-free yam varieties in the field includes the following steps:

[0059] (1) Field organic matter cultivation

[0060] Mix saturated lime water and cassava starch at a mass ratio of 5:2, dilute 2600 times, and apply 85 kg / mu to the soil surface. Apply 860 kg / mu of green pasture and tamp it down with your feet. Then apply 800 kg / mu of manure. Dilute EM solution 2000 times and spray 20 kg / mu onto the manure and green pasture surface. Plow the soil to a depth of 30 cm. Two days later, mix EM solution and biogas slurry at a mass ratio of 1:3, dilute 800 times, and spray 20 kg / mu onto the soil. Two days later, plow the soil to a depth of 30 cm again.

[0061] The green pasture grass is a mixture of sweet elephant grass, king grass, etc. in a certain mass ratio, and the fineness of the green pasture grass is 2cm.

[0062] (2) Yam intercropping

[0063] Divide the field into raised beds, each 2.5 meters wide and with a 0.4-meter-wide ditch. Apply basal fertilizer at a rate of 500 kg / mu. Plant yams at a density of 4,300 plants per mu. Plant 3 cowpeas between every two yam plants. Sow rapeseed seeds in the furrows at a density of 400 g / mu. Install trellises in the middle of the raised beds for the yams to climb.

[0064] The method for preparing the basic fertilizer is as follows: by weight, mix and crush 13 parts potassium feldspar, 5 parts calcite, and 30 parts vermiculite into 500-mesh powder, mix the powder with 190 parts chicken manure, add 90 parts soybean straw powder, adjust the moisture content to 93%, and let it stand for 7 days.

[0065] Place the mixture into a pool, maintaining a thickness of 5cm. Add water to the pool, then add green algae, moss, and water caltrop. Cultivate for 2 weeks, maintaining the water depth under sunlight, and naturally cultivate for 3 weeks. Remove the surface plants, crush them, and put them back into the pool. Stop adding water to the pool and allow the water to evaporate naturally, controlling the moisture content to 66%, thus obtaining the base fertilizer.

[0066] The water depth in the pool is 8cm; the planting density of the water taro in the pool is 3 plants / square meter; the amount of green algae added to the pool is 0.2kg / square meter; the amount of moss added to the pool is 0.25kg / square meter.

[0067] (3) Field management

[0068] After the yam seedlings emerge, manually remove the weeds between the seedlings; dilute the apple pomace 15 times, add 3% decomposing bacteria and mix well, spray it on the bed surface at a rate of 55 kg / mu, and then apply well-rotted manure at a rate of 400 kg / mu.

[0069] The decomposing bacteria are a mixture of silicate bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1:2.5.

[0070] During the vigorous growth period of yam, apply 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, once during the entire growth period;

[0071] When the yam plant grows to 16 nodes, cut off the top growing point and apply 70 kg / mu of potassium humate in the field.

[0072] Scale settings:

[0073] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that potassium feldspar was not used when making the base fertilizer in step (2); Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that water taro was not used when making the basic fertilizer in step (2); Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that cowpeas were not intercropped in step (3).

[0074] Experimental Example 1

[0075] Yam was planted according to Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively. One week before harvest, soil samples were collected on a sunny afternoon to test the acid phosphatase activity of each group using the disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method. After harvest, the total starch content of the yam was first determined according to the method in GB 5009.9-2016 "Determination of Starch in Food". Then, the amylose content was determined using a dual-wavelength method. The amylopectin content of the yam was obtained by subtracting the amylose content from the total starch content. The mucilage protein content of the yam was determined using an enzymatic flocculation method.

[0076] The results are as follows:

[0077] amylopectin content Mucus protein content Acid phosphatase activity (mg / g / d) Example 1 66.35% 0.474% 3.68 Example 2 64.74% 0.463% 3.37 Example 3 66.01% 0.459% 3.15 Comparative Example 1 60.35% 0.386% 1.48 Comparative Example 2 61.87% 0.418% 1.94 Comparative Example 3 63.22% 0.439% 2.65

[0078] As can be seen from the table, the yams grown according to Examples 1-3 of the present invention have high amylopectin content, high mucoprotein content, and high acid phosphatase activity in the soil. This indicates that the yam growing environment in the present invention is excellent, and the yam itself is of high quality. In Comparative Example 1, the raw materials lacked potassium feldspar, resulting in insufficient release of slow-release fertilizer and affecting the overall fertilizer supply in the yam growing environment, leading to low yam quality. In Comparative Example 2, the base fertilizer was not absorbed and converted by the taro, resulting in a low release rate during the base fertilizer formation process. Therefore, both fertilizer conversion efficiency and the overall environment affected the quality of the yam. In Comparative Example 3, no cowpea was intercropped, and the overall growth community lacked the root-borne microbial activity of cowpea, leading to low overall soil activity, which also indirectly affected the quality of the yam.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping virus-free yam varieties in the field, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Field organic matter cultivation Mix saturated lime water and cassava starch at a mass ratio of 5:1-2, dilute 2000-3000 times, and apply 80-90 kg / mu to the soil surface. Apply 800-900 kg / mu of green pasture and tamp it down with your feet. Then apply 600-800 kg / mu of manure. Dilute EM bacterial solution 1500-2000 times and spray 20-30 kg / mu onto the manure and green pasture surface. Deep plow the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm. After 1-2 days, mix EM bacterial solution and biogas slurry at a mass ratio of 1:2-3, dilute 800-1000 times, and spray 15-20 kg / mu onto the soil. After 2-3 days, plow the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm. (2) Yam intercropping Divide the field into raised beds, 2-2.5 meters wide, and 0.4-0.5 meters wide for the furrows. Apply 400-500 kg / mu of base fertilizer. Plant yams at a density of 4300-4600 plants per mu. Plant 2-3 cowpeas between every two yam plants. Sow rapeseed seeds in the furrows at a density of 400-500 g / mu. Install trellises in the middle of the raised beds for the yams to climb. The method for preparing the basic fertilizer is as follows: by weight, mix and crush 10-13 parts potassium feldspar, 5-8 parts calcite, and 20-30 parts vermiculite into powder of 500-800 mesh, mix the powder with 150-190 parts chicken manure, add 80-90 parts soybean straw powder, adjust the moisture content to 93-95%, and let it stand for 5-7 days; Place the mixture into a pool, maintaining a thickness of 3-5 cm. Add water to the pool, then add green algae, moss, and water caltrop. Cultivate for 2-3 weeks, maintaining the water depth under sunlight, and allow it to grow naturally for 2-3 weeks. Remove the surface plants, crush them, and return them to the pool. Stop adding water to the pool and allow the water to evaporate naturally, controlling the moisture content to 66-68%. This yields the base fertilizer. (3) Field management After the yam seedlings emerge, manually remove the weeds between the seedlings; dilute the apple pomace 10-15 times, add 3-5% of decomposing bacteria and mix well, spray it on the bed surface at a rate of 50-55 kg / mu, and then apply 400-500 kg / mu of well-rotted manure. During the vigorous growth period of yam, apply 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, and apply it once during the entire growth period. When the yam plant grows to 15-16 nodes, cut off the top growing point and apply 70-80 kg / mu of potassium humate in the field.

2. The field intercropping method for virus-free yam varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the green pasture grass is one or more of sweet elephant grass and king grass.

3. The field intercropping method for virus-free yam varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the fineness of the green pasture grass is 2-3 cm.

4. The field intercropping method for virus-free yam varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the water depth in the pool is 6-8cm.

5. The field intercropping method for virus-free yam varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the planting density of the water taro in the pond is 3-4 plants / square meter.

6. The field intercropping method for virus-free yam varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the amount of green algae added to the pool is 0.1-0.2 kg / m².

7. The field intercropping method for virus-free yam varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the amount of moss added to the pool is 0.2-0.25 kg / m².

8. The field intercropping method for virus-free yam varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the decomposing bacteria are a mixture of silicate bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1:1.8-2.5.

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