Welding method

Abstract

The present application provides a welding method, which comprises: moving a welding torch along an overhead welding section and performing a weaving welding, the weaving trajectory and the overhead welding section have a 45° angle, when a first distance from a first transition point, increasing the weaving amplitude, and increasing the pause time when the welding torch weaves to one side of the second component, the welding torch moves to the first transition point and weaves to one side of the second component, then dragging the welding torch along the extension direction of the vertical welding section by a first dragging distance, and then adjusting the posture of the welding torch while reducing the dry elongation to perform welding along the vertical welding section; moving the welding torch along the vertical welding section and performing a weaving welding, the weaving trajectory and the vertical welding section have a 45° angle, when a second distance from a second transition point, increasing the weaving amplitude, and increasing the pause time when the welding torch weaves to one side of the second component, the welding torch moves to the second transition point and weaves to one side of the second component, then dragging the welding torch along the extension direction of the horizontal welding section by a second dragging distance, and then adjusting the posture of the welding torch while reducing the dry elongation to perform welding along the horizontal welding section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and more particularly to a welding method. Background Technology

[0002] When welding two components using an overhead / flat welding method, welding robots or welding positioners can be used to achieve the PB position (flat welding position) during normal or mass production. However, in the trial production of new products or the production of temporarily customized single-piece products, limitations such as manufacturing costs, equipment applicability, and utilization rate prevent the full implementation of welding robots or welding positioners for the PB position. In these cases, manual welding with a welding torch is required. Furthermore, when welding operations need to be carried out in an open-air location due to factory space constraints, existing manual welding methods are more susceptible to environmental factors. Summary of the Invention

[0003] A primary objective of this invention is to overcome at least one of the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a welding method that can better achieve welding production under open-air conditions, effectively ensure welding quality, avoid arc cessation at ends and corners to prevent stress concentration zones, and ensure that the fatigue life of the product meets design requirements.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a welding method is provided for welding a first component and a second component, the first component being located on the side of the second component. The welding method includes holding a welding torch and welding the first component and the second component along a welding path. The welding path includes a sequentially connected overhead welding section, a vertical welding section, and a horizontal welding section, the overhead welding section, the vertical welding section, and the horizontal welding section being located on the bottom surface, the side surface, and the top surface of the first component, respectively. The welding path has two transition points: a first transition point located at the corner connection between the overhead welding section and the vertical welding section, and a second transition point located at the corner connection between the vertical welding section and the horizontal welding section. The welding method includes: moving the welding torch along the overhead welding section and performing oscillating welding, the oscillation trajectory having a 45° angle with the overhead welding section towards the first transition point; when the welding torch is at a first distance from the first transition point, increasing the amplitude of the welding torch oscillation and increasing... The pause time when the welding torch swings to the side of the second component; when the welding torch moves to the first transition point and swings to the side of the second component, the welding torch is dragged a first drag distance along the extension direction of the vertical welding section toward the second transition point, and then the welding torch posture is adjusted while reducing the extension length to perform welding along the vertical welding section; the welding torch is moved along the vertical welding section and oscillated for welding, with the oscillation trajectory having a 45° angle with the vertical welding section toward the side of the second transition point; when the welding torch is at a second distance from the second transition point, the swing amplitude of the welding torch is increased, and the pause time when the welding torch swings to the side of the second component is increased; when the welding torch moves to the second transition point and swings to the side of the second component, the welding torch is dragged a second drag distance along the extension direction of the flat welding section toward the end of the flat welding section opposite to the vertical welding section, and then the welding torch posture is adjusted while reducing the extension length to perform welding along the flat welding section.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein: the first spacing is 2mm to 4mm; and / or, when the welding torch moves to a distance of the first transition point with the first spacing, the increase in the amplitude of the welding torch swing is 0.5mm to 1.5mm; and / or, when the welding torch moves to a distance of the first transition point with the first spacing, the extension of the pause time when the welding torch swings to the side of the second component is less than or equal to 1s.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first dragging distance is 4mm to 6mm.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, after the welding torch is dragged for the first dragging distance, the reduction in the dry extension is 1mm to 2mm.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second spacing is 3 mm to 5 mm; and / or, when the welding torch moves to a distance of the second transition point with the second spacing, the increase in the amplitude of the welding torch swing is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm; and / or, when the welding torch moves to a distance of the second transition point with the second spacing, the extension of the pause time when the welding torch swings to one side of the second component is less than or equal to 1 s.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second dragging distance is 5mm to 7mm.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, after the welding torch is dragged for the second dragging distance, the reduction in the dry extension is 2mm to 3mm.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the welding torch is used for welding with flux-cored welding wire.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the welding torch oscillates in a crescent shape.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the welding torch is welding in the overhead welding section, the plane containing the side surface of the second component is used as the first reference plane, and the first included angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the bottom surface of the first component is 100° to 115°; the plane containing the side surface of the first component is used as the second reference plane, and the second included angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the bottom surface of the first component is 50° to 65°; the plane containing the bottom surface of the first component is used as the third reference plane, and the third included angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the side surface of the second component is 75° to 85°; and / or, when the welding torch is welding in the vertical welding section, the plane containing the side surface of the second component is used as the first reference plane, and the fourth included angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the side surface of the first component is 50° to 65°; the plane containing the side surface of the first component is used as the third reference plane, and the third included angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the side surface of the first component is 75° to 85°; and / or, when the welding torch is welding in the vertical welding section, the plane containing the side surface of the second component is used as the first reference plane, and the fourth included angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the side surface of the first component is 50° to 65°; the plane containing the side surface of the first component is used as the second reference plane, and the third included angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the side surface of the first component is used as the third reference plane, and the fourth included angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the side surface of the first component is used as the third reference plane, and the fifth included angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and The plane is the second reference plane. The fifth angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the bottom surface of the first component is 110° to 115°. The plane where the bottom surface of the first component is located is the third reference plane. The sixth angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the side surface of the second component is 45° to 50°. And / or, when the welding torch is welding the flat welding section, the plane where the side surface of the second component is located is the first reference plane. The seventh angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the top surface of the first component is 75° to 85°. The plane where the side surface of the first component is located is the second reference plane. The eighth angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the side surface of the second component is 45° to 50°. The plane where the top surface of the first component is located is the fourth reference plane. The ninth angle between the orthographic projection of the welding torch and the orthographic projection of the side surface of the second component is 75° to 85°.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the advantages and positive effects of the welding method proposed in this invention are as follows:

[0016] The welding method proposed in this invention is suitable for welding large components during the trial production of new products or the production of small-batch customized products. It effectively ensures quality while reducing the investment in large, low-usage automated welding equipment, thus helping to lower production costs. Furthermore, the welding method requires only average industry skills from welders, with a high degree of standardization in each step, making it easy and highly operable. Additionally, this invention is suitable for outdoor operations using flux-cored welding wire, enabling the assembly and welding of ultra-large components. Moreover, the welding method allows for continuous arc transitions at corners, effectively avoiding the fatigue performance degradation of the weld caused by arc interruptions at corners. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Various objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings, the same reference numerals always denote the same or similar parts. Wherein:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a planar schematic diagram of a portion of the welding path in the welding method proposed in this invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of one step of the welding method proposed in this invention;

[0020] Figures 3 to 5 They are Figure 1 The local area shown is an orthographic projection view from several different perspectives;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a partial planar schematic diagram of another step in the welding method proposed in this invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of another step in the welding method proposed in this invention;

[0023] Figures 8 to 10 They are Figure 7 The local area shown is an orthographic projection view from several different perspectives;

[0024] Figure 11 This is a partial planar schematic diagram of another step in the welding method proposed in this invention;

[0025] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of another step in the welding method proposed in this invention;

[0026] Figures 13 to 15 They are Figure 12 The local area shown is an orthographic projection view from several different perspectives.

[0027] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0028] 100. First component;

[0029] 101. Bottom surface;

[0030] 102. Side view;

[0031] 103. Top surface;

[0032] 200. Second component;

[0033] 201. Side view;

[0034] 300. Welding torch;

[0035] A. Welding path;

[0036] PE. Overhead welding section;

[0037] PF. Vertical welding section;

[0038] PB. Flat welding section;

[0039] p1. First transition point;

[0040] p2. Second transition point;

[0041] α1. Angle;

[0042] α2. Angle;

[0043] β1. First included angle;

[0044] β2. The second included angle;

[0045] β3. The third included angle;

[0046] β4. The fourth included angle;

[0047] β5. The fifth included angle;

[0048] β6. The sixth included angle;

[0049] β7. Seventh included angle;

[0050] β8. The eighth included angle;

[0051] β9. Ninth included angle. Detailed Implementation

[0052] Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various variations in different embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the description and drawings therein are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the present invention.

[0053] In the following description of different exemplary embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the invention, and in which different exemplary structures, systems, and steps that can implement various aspects of the invention are shown by way of example. It should be understood that other specific embodiments of the components, structures, exemplary devices, systems, and steps may be used, and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, although the terms “above,” “between,” “within,” etc., may be used in this specification to describe different exemplary features and elements of the invention, these terms are used herein only for convenience, such as the orientation according to the examples shown in the drawings. Nothing in this specification should be construed as requiring a specific three-dimensional orientation of the structure to fall within the scope of the invention.

[0054] See Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a partial planar schematic of welding path A in the welding method proposed in this invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the welding method is described using a welding process applied to the joint of a rail vehicle as an example. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, additions, substitutions, deletions, or other changes may be made to the specific embodiments described below to apply the relevant designs of this invention to the welding processes of other types of equipment; these changes remain within the scope of the principles of the welding method proposed in this invention.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the welding method proposed by the present invention is used to weld a first component 100 and a second component 200, wherein the first component 100 is located on the side 201 of the second component 200. Accordingly, the welding method proposed by the present invention includes using a handheld welding torch 300 to weld the first component 100 and the second component 200 along a welding path A. The welding path A includes a sequentially connected overhead welding section PE, a vertical welding section PF, and a flat welding section PB. The overhead welding section PE, the vertical welding section PF, and the flat welding section PB are respectively located on the bottom surface 101, the side surface 103, and the top surface 103 of the first component 100. The welding path A has two transition points, namely a first transition point p1 and a second transition point p2. The first transition point p1 is located at the corner connection between the overhead welding section PE and the vertical welding section PF, and the second transition point p2 is located at the corner connection between the vertical welding section PF and the flat welding section PB. (See also...) Figures 2 to 15 , Figure 2 The diagram shows a representative three-dimensional schematic of a welding method in one step. Figures 3 to 5 Representatively showing Figure 1 The local area shown is an orthographic projection view from several different perspectives; Figure 6 The diagram shows a partial planar view of the welding method at another step; Figure 7 The diagram shows a representative three-dimensional representation of the welding method at another step. Figures 8 to 10 Representatively showing Figure 7 The local area shown is an orthographic projection view from several different perspectives; Figure 11 The diagram shows a partial planar view of the welding method at another step; Figure 12 The diagram shows a representative three-dimensional representation of the welding method at another step. Figures 13 to 15 Representatively showing Figure 12 The diagram shows orthographic projection views of a local area from several different perspectives. The operational details and process relationships of the main steps of the welding method proposed in this invention will be described in detail below, in conjunction with the aforementioned figures.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 15As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the welding method proposed by the present invention includes: moving the welding torch 300 along the overhead welding section PE and performing oscillating welding, the oscillation trajectory having a 45° angle α1 with the overhead welding section PE towards the first transition point p1; when the welding torch 300 is at a first distance from the first transition point p1, increasing the oscillation amplitude of the welding torch 300 and increasing the pause time when the welding torch 300 oscillates to the side of the second component 200; when the welding torch 300 moves to the first transition point p1 and oscillates to the side of the second component 200, dragging the welding torch 300 along the extension direction of the vertical welding section PF towards the second transition point p2 by a first dragging distance; and then adjusting the posture of the welding torch 300 while reducing the extension length to perform welding along the vertical welding section PF. The welding torch 300 is moved along the vertical welding section PF and oscillated for welding. The oscillation trajectory forms a 45° angle α2 with the vertical welding section PF, pointing towards the second transition point p2. When the welding torch 300 is at a second distance from the second transition point p2, the oscillation amplitude of the welding torch 300 is increased, and the pause time when the welding torch 300 oscillates to the side of the second component 200 is increased. When the welding torch 300 moves to the second transition point p2 and oscillates to the side of the second component 200, the welding torch 300 is dragged a second distance along the extension direction of the flat welding section PB towards the end of the flat welding section PB facing away from the vertical welding section PF. Then, the posture of the welding torch 300 is adjusted while the extension length is reduced to perform welding along the flat welding section PB. Through the above process design, the welding method proposed in this invention is suitable for welding large parts (e.g., parts whose dimensions exceed the limits of existing equipment) in the trial production of new products or the production of a small number of customized products. While effectively ensuring quality, it reduces the investment of enterprises in high, large and low-usage automated welding equipment, which is conducive to reducing production and manufacturing costs. Meanwhile, the welding method proposed in this invention only requires welders to have a skill level at the industry average. The standardization of each step is high, making it easy to operate and highly operable. Furthermore, this invention is suitable for outdoor operations using flux-cored welding wire, enabling the assembly and welding of ultra-large components (e.g., components that cannot pass smoothly through the factory entrance after full assembly). Based on this, the welding method proposed in this invention can achieve continuous arc transitions at corners, effectively avoiding the problem of decreased weld fatigue performance caused by arc interruptions at corners.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first spacing can be 2mm to 4mm, such as 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, etc. Through the above process design, the present invention can increase the swing amplitude of the welding torch 300 and the pause time when the welding torch 300 swings to the side of the second component 200 at a suitable distance near the first transition point p1. This avoids the first spacing being too small, which would make it difficult to meet the requirements of the above process design in preventing undercut, and at the same time avoids the first spacing being too large, which would affect the normal welding in the remaining areas of the overhead welding section PE. In some embodiments, the first spacing can also be less than 2mm or greater than 4mm, such as 1.9mm, 4.1mm, etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the welding torch 300 moves to a distance of a first gap from the first transition point p1, the increase in the amplitude of the oscillation of the welding torch 300 can be 0.5mm to 1.5mm, for example, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 1.1mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, etc., and more preferably 1mm. Through the above process design, the present invention can prevent undercut at the first transition point p1, which is beneficial to improving the welding quality. In some embodiments, when the welding torch 300 moves to a distance of a first gap from the first transition point p1, the increase in the amplitude of the oscillation of the welding torch 300 can also be less than 0.5mm or greater than 1.5mm, for example, 0.45mm, 1.6mm, etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the welding torch 300 moves to a distance of a first gap from the first transition point p1, the extension of the pause time when the welding torch 300 swings to the side of the second component 200 can be less than or equal to 1 second. Through the above process design, the present invention can prevent undercut at the first transition point p1 and avoid excessively long pause times when the welding torch 300 swings to the side of the second component 200. In some embodiments, the extension of the pause time when the welding torch 300 moves to a distance of a first gap from the first transition point p1 and swings to the side of the second component 200 can also be greater than 1 second, for example, 1.5 seconds, and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first dragging distance can be 4mm to 6mm, such as 4mm, 4.5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, etc., and more preferably 5mm. Through the above process design, the present invention can compensate for the large angle difference (e.g., at the corner of the first transition point p1) of the oscillating trajectory of the welding torch 300 by the dragging action of the welding torch 300. Figure 6 The 45° angle to the lower right in the middle Figure 11The angle difference between the 45° angles to the upper right and the 90° angle is due to the width limitation of the weld at the corner of the first transition point p1, which allows the welding torch 300 to remain stationary at that position. In some embodiments, the first drag distance may be less than 4 mm or greater than 6 mm, for example, 3.9 mm, 6.1 mm, etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the welding torch 300 is dragged a first distance, the reduction in the extension length of the welding torch 300 can be 1mm to 2mm, for example, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, etc. The extension length of the welding torch 300 refers to the distance from the end of the welding wire to the contact tip of the welding torch 300. In conventional welding, the empirical value for the extension length is 8-12 times the diameter of the welding wire. The shorter the extension length, the higher the welding current; the longer the extension length, the lower the welding current.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second spacing can be 3mm to 5mm, such as 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, etc. Through the above process design, the present invention can increase the swing amplitude of the welding torch 300 and the pause time when the welding torch 300 swings to one side of the second component 200 at a suitable distance near the second transition point p2. This avoids the second spacing being too small, making it difficult to meet the requirements of the above process design in preventing undercut, while avoiding the second spacing being too large, which would affect the normal welding in the remaining areas of the vertical welding section PF. In some embodiments, the second spacing can also be less than 3mm or greater than 5mm, such as 2.9mm, 5.1mm, etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the welding torch 300 moves to a distance of a second gap from the second transition point p2, the increase in the amplitude of the oscillation of the welding torch 300 can be 0.5mm to 1.5mm, for example, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 1.1mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, etc., and more preferably 1mm. Through the above process design, the present invention can ensure the continuity of the lower weld toe when transitioning to the flat welding section PB, because during the welding process of the flat welding section PB, the weld toe of the first weld is slightly larger than that of the overhead welding section PE. At the same time, the present invention can prevent undercut at the second transition point p2, which is beneficial to improving welding quality. In some embodiments, when the welding torch 300 moves to a distance of a second gap from the second transition point p2, the increase in the amplitude of the oscillation of the welding torch 300 can also be less than 0.5mm, or greater than 1.5mm, for example, 0.45mm, 1.6mm, etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the welding torch 300 moves to a distance of the second transition point p2 with a second gap, the extension of the pause time when the welding torch 300 swings to the side of the second component 200 can be less than or equal to 1 second. Through the above process design, the present invention can prevent undercut at the second transition point p2 and avoid excessively long pause times when the welding torch 300 swings to the side of the second component 200. In some embodiments, the extension of the pause time when the welding torch 300 moves to a distance of the second transition point p2 with a second gap can also be greater than 1 second, for example, 1.5 seconds, and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second dragging distance can be 5mm to 7mm, such as 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, etc. Through the above process design, the present invention can compensate for the large angle difference of the oscillation trajectory angle of the welding torch 300 at the corner of the second transition point p2 by the dragging action of the welding torch 300. At the same time, the width limitation of the weld at the corner of the second transition point p2 means that the welding torch 300 does not need to oscillate at this position. In some embodiments, the second dragging distance can also be less than 5mm or greater than 7mm, such as 4.9mm, 7.1mm, etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the welding torch 300 is dragged a first dragging distance, the reduction in the dry extension of the welding torch 300 can be 2mm to 3mm, for example 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, etc.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, the welding torch 300 may, but is not limited to, use flux-cored welding wire for welding. In some embodiments, the welding torch 300 may also use other types of welding wire, such as, but not limited to, solid welding wire.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation mode of the welding torch 300 may be, but is not limited to, a crescent-shaped oscillation. In some embodiments, the oscillation direction of the welding torch 300 is not limited to a crescent-shaped oscillation; other operating methods may be used, but the oscillation direction of the welding torch 300 must be controlled according to the above-described process steps.

[0069] like Figures 2 to 5As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the welding torch 300 is welding PE in the overhead welding section, the plane where the side surface 201 of the second component 200 is located is taken as the first reference plane. The first included angle β1 between the orthographic projection of the welding torch 300 and the orthographic projection of the bottom surface 101 of the first component 100 can be 100° to 115°, for example, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, etc. The plane where the side surface 102 of the first component 100 is located is taken as the second reference plane. The second included angle β2 between the orthographic projection of the welding torch 300 and the orthographic projection of the bottom surface 101 of the first component 100 can be 50° to 65°, for example, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, etc. With the plane containing the bottom surface 101 of the first component 100 as the third reference plane, the third included angle β3 between the orthographic projection of the welding torch 300 and the orthographic projection of the side surface 201 of the second component 200 can be 75° to 85°, such as 75°, 80°, 85°, etc.

[0070] like Figures 7 to 10 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the welding torch 300 is welding the vertical welding section PF, the plane where the side surface 201 of the second component 200 is located is taken as the first reference plane. The fourth included angle β4 between the orthographic projection of the welding torch 300 and the orthographic projection of the side surface 102 of the first component 100 can be 50° to 65°, for example, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, etc. The plane where the side surface 102 of the first component 100 is located is taken as the second reference plane. The fifth included angle β5 between the orthographic projection of the welding torch 300 and the orthographic projection of the bottom surface 101 of the first component 100 can be 110° to 115°, for example, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, etc. Taking the plane containing the bottom surface 101 of the first component 100 as the third reference plane, the sixth included angle β6 between the orthographic projection of the welding torch 300 and the orthographic projection of the side surface 201 of the second component 200 can be 45° to 50°, such as 45°, 46°, 48°, 50°, etc.

[0071] like Figures 12 to 15 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the welding torch 300 is welding the flat welding section PB, the plane where the side surface 201 of the second component 200 is located is taken as the first reference plane. The seventh included angle β7 between the orthographic projection of the welding torch 300 and the orthographic projection of the top surface 103 of the first component 100 can be 75° to 85°, for example, 75°, 80°, 85°, etc. The plane where the side surface 102 of the first component 100 is located is taken as the second reference plane. The eighth included angle β8 between the orthographic projection of the welding torch 300 and the orthographic projection of the side surface 201 of the second component 200 can be 45° to 50°, for example, 45°, 46°, 48°, 50°, etc. The plane where the top surface 103 of the first component 100 is located is taken as the fourth reference plane. The ninth included angle β9 between the orthographic projection of the welding torch 300 and the orthographic projection of the side surface 201 of the second component 200 can be 75° to 85°, for example, 75°, 80°, 85°, etc.

[0072] In the first embodiment of the present invention, during the welding process of the vertical welding section PF, it can be determined whether the arc needs to be stopped according to the size of the first component 100 (e.g., the height of the side 102 of the first component 100). The arc-stopping position can be executed according to specific process requirements, but the arc must not be stopped at the transition point.

[0073] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the transition through the second transition point p2 is completed, during the welding process of the flat welding section PB, the welding torch 300 does not need to be swung to ensure the weld formation and root fusion. At this time, conventional operating methods can be used.

[0074] In the first embodiment of the present invention, during the welding process of the flat welding section PB, when the welding exceeds the second transition point p280mm, welding can be continued or the arc can be stopped according to the actual situation. The subsequent welding process does not limit the application of the present invention in various possible embodiments.

[0075] It should be noted that the welding methods shown in the accompanying drawings and described in this specification are merely a few examples of many welding methods capable of employing the principles of the present invention. It should be clearly understood that the principles of the present invention are by no means limited to any detail or component of the welding methods shown in the accompanying drawings or described in this specification.

[0076] In summary, the welding method proposed in this invention is suitable for welding large components during new product trial production or small-batch customized product manufacturing. It effectively ensures quality while reducing the investment in large, low-usage automated welding equipment, thus lowering production costs. Furthermore, the welding method requires only average industry skills from welders, with a high degree of standardization in each step, making it easy and highly operable. Additionally, this invention is suitable for outdoor operations using flux-cored welding wire, enabling the assembly and welding of ultra-large components. Moreover, the welding method allows for continuous arc transitions at corners, effectively avoiding the fatigue performance degradation of the weld caused by arc interruptions at corners.

[0077] Exemplary embodiments of the welding method proposed in this invention have been described and / or illustrated in detail above. However, the embodiments of this invention are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein; rather, components and / or steps of each embodiment may be used independently and separately from other components and / or steps described herein. Each component and / or step of one embodiment may also be used in combination with other components and / or steps of other embodiments. In describing the elements / components / etc. described and / or illustrated herein, the terms "a," "an," and "the above" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc. The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and mean that additional elements / components / etc. may exist in addition to those listed. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second," etc., in the claims and specification are used only as illustrative marks and are not intended to limit the numerical scope of the subject matter.

[0078] Although the welding method proposed in this invention has been described with respect to different specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications can be made to the implementation of this invention within the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A welding method for welding a first component and a second component, the first component being located at a side of the second component, the welding method comprising welding the first component and the second component by a hand-held welding torch along a welding path, the welding path comprising a overhead welding section, an upright welding section and a flat welding section connected in sequence, the overhead welding section, the upright welding section and the flat welding section being located at a bottom surface, a side surface and a top surface of the first component respectively, the welding path having two transition points, a first transition point located at a corner connecting position of the overhead welding section and the upright welding section and a second transition point located at a corner connecting position of the upright welding section and the flat welding section; characterized in that, The welding method comprises: moving the welding torch along the overhead welding section and performing swing welding, the swing trajectory and the overhead welding section having a 45° included angle towards the first transition point side, when the welding torch is at a first distance from the first transition point, increasing the swing amplitude of the welding torch and increasing the pause time when the welding torch swings to the second component side, when the welding torch moves to the first transition point and swings to the second component side, pulling the welding torch along the extension direction of the vertical welding section towards the second transition point by a first pulling distance, and then adjusting the welding torch posture while reducing the stickout to perform welding along the vertical welding section; moving the welding torch along the vertical welding section and performing swing welding, the swing trajectory and the vertical welding section having a 45° included angle towards the second transition point side, when the welding torch is at a second distance from the second transition point, increasing the swing amplitude of the welding torch and increasing the pause time when the welding torch swings to the second component side, when the welding torch moves to the second transition point and swings to the second component side, pulling the welding torch along the extension direction of the horizontal welding section towards the end of the horizontal welding section away from the vertical welding section by a second pulling distance, and then adjusting the welding torch posture while reducing the stickout to perform welding along the horizontal welding section.

2. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first distance is 2mm-4mm; and / or when the welding torch is at the first distance from the first transition point, the swing amplitude of the welding torch is increased by 0.5mm-1.5mm; and / or when the welding torch is at the first distance from the first transition point, the pause time when the welding torch swings to the second component side is extended by less than or equal to 1s.

3. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first pulling distance is 4mm-6mm.

4. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after the welding torch is pulled by the first pulling distance, the stickout is reduced by 1mm-2mm.

5. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second distance is 3mm-5mm; and / or when the welding torch is at the second distance from the second transition point, the swing amplitude of the welding torch is increased by 0.5mm-1.5mm; and / or when the welding torch is at the second distance from the second transition point, the pause time when the welding torch swings to the second component side is extended by less than or equal to 1s.

6. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the second pulling distance is 5mm-7mm.

7. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after the welding torch is pulled by the second pulling distance, the stickout is reduced by 2mm-3mm.

8. The soldering method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the welding torch uses a flux-cored wire for welding.

9. The soldering method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the swing mode of the welding torch is a crescent swing.

10. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the welding torch is welding along the overhead welding section, the first included angle between the normal projection of the welding torch and the normal projection of the bottom surface of the first component is 100°-115° with the plane in which the side surface of the second component lying as a first reference plane, the second included angle between the normal projection of the welding torch and the normal projection of the bottom surface of the first component is 50°-65° with the plane in which the side surface of the first component lying as a second reference plane, and the third included angle between the normal projection of the welding torch and the normal projection of the side surface of the second component is 75°-85° with the plane in which the bottom surface of the first component lying as a third reference plane; and / or When the welding gun is used to weld the vertical welding section, the fourth angle between the orthogonal projection of the welding gun and the orthogonal projection of the side surface of the first component is 50°-65°, the fifth angle between the orthogonal projection of the welding gun and the orthogonal projection of the bottom surface of the first component is 110°-115°, and the sixth angle between the orthogonal projection of the welding gun and the orthogonal projection of the side surface of the second component is 45°-50°, with the plane in which the side surface of the second component lies as the first reference plane, with the plane in which the side surface of the first component lies as the second reference plane, and with the plane in which the bottom surface of the first component lies as the third reference plane; and / or When the welding gun is used to weld the flat welding section, the seventh angle between the orthogonal projection of the welding gun and the orthogonal projection of the top surface of the first component is 75°-85°, the eighth angle between the orthogonal projection of the welding gun and the orthogonal projection of the side surface of the second component is 45°-50°, and the ninth angle between the orthogonal projection of the welding gun and the orthogonal projection of the side surface of the second component is 75°-85°, with the plane in which the side surface of the second component lies as the first reference plane, with the plane in which the side surface of the first component lies as the second reference plane, and with the plane in which the top surface of the first component lies as the fourth reference plane.

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