A blasting method for preventing gangue recoil by top breaking blasting and hoisting equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a blasting method and hoisting equipment for preventing backlash from gangue during roof-breaking blasting, relating to the field of large-diameter deep-hole blasting technology in mining engineering. The method includes S1: drilling; S2: borehole measurement; S3: blasting design; S4: bottom plugging; and S5: charging. This invention has a reasonable structure, significantly reducing gangue backlash, minimizing the workload of borehole location and cleaning, and avoiding prolonged gangue removal and borehole cleaning at the edge of the blast area, thus reducing operational risks. It does not damage surrounding blast holes, eliminating the need for drilling rig cleaning or re-filling, avoiding repeated construction. It also provides a good roof-breaking effect, leaving no suspended roof and providing a free face for subsequent blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of large-diameter deep-hole blasting technology in mining engineering, and particularly to a blasting method and hoisting equipment for preventing backlash of gangue during roof-breaking blasting. Background Technology

[0002] For stopes using the large-diameter deep-hole stage open-face subsequent backfilling method, a cutting raise is typically constructed first, followed by the evenly distributed vertical slotting holes around the cutting raise. To form the cutting groove, deep-hole slotting blasting is employed, with the cutting raise serving as the initial free surface for successive upward slotting blasts, each slotting height approximately 10–15 m. The final roof-breaking blast reaches a height of approximately 12–18 m, using an electronic digital detonator millisecond delay micro-delay initiation method; emulsion explosives are selected, with specifications of 50 cm in length, φ140 mm, and 9 kg / unit; an intermittent charging structure is adopted, with the uppermost layer of packing material being 2.4 m–3 m long, using gangue as the packing material.

[0003] When the filling length is 2.5m to 3m, the backflow of a large amount of gangue during the top-breaking blasting will bury other unexploded blast holes, greatly increasing the amount of cleaning work; it may even cause the blast holes to become blocked, requiring the drilling machine to rework and clean or repair the holes. Therefore, this application provides a blasting method to prevent gangue backflow during top-breaking blasting to meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a blasting method and hoisting equipment for preventing backlash of gangue during roof-breaking blasting, so as to solve the problem of gangue backlash during roof-breaking blasting in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a blasting method for preventing backlash of gangue during roof-breaking blasting, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Drilling, using large-diameter deep holes, with a blast hole diameter of 165mm, arranged vertically and parallel, using a KQG-150 high-pressure annular down-the-hole drill rig and strictly following the hole layout design drawing.

[0007] S2: Measure the borehole length by lowering a measuring rope to the bottom of the borehole and recording the measurement.

[0008] S3: Blasting design, based on the properties of the ore and rock, measured data from the blast holes, to prepare blasting plans, design blasting parameters, calculate the amount of explosives, select the initiation network, calculate blasting safety and warning range, and implement safety technical measures;

[0009] S4: Plug the bottom of the hole. Place the precast cylindrical cement block to the bottom of the hole using hoisting equipment. Then, lower a plastic bag filled with gangue to plug the gap between the cement block and the hole wall. Then fill the hole with sand to the predetermined height to form the lower gangue filling layer.

[0010] S5: The explosive loading process employs decoupled, intermittent loading, with the following intermittent loading steps:

[0011] S51: Two explosive charges form a group (specifications: 50cm long, 140mm φ, 9kg / charge, with two explosive charges placed adjacent to each other), and adjacent groups are separated by a 1-meter bamboo pole. The charges are filled into the blast hole from bottom to top, with a 1.6-1.8m gap left unfilled at the top of the blast hole.

[0012] S52: The top two groups each use a single explosive charge as a group (specifications: 50cm long, 140mm φ, 9kg / charge), and the two groups are separated by a 0.5-meter bamboo strip. From top to bottom, the second group of explosive charges (single charge) and the third group of explosive charges (two charges) are separated by a 1-meter bamboo strip.

[0013] S53: Then, the top is filled with gangue to form a lower gangue filling layer. After completion, the blast holes are plugged with plastic bags filled with gangue.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the boreholes are arranged in a grid pattern, with a row spacing of 3m and a hole spacing of 2.7m.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the blast holes are evenly arranged around the cutting well, 0.8m away from the edge of the cutting well.

[0016] Preferably, in step S5, the explosive charge is detonated using an electronic detonator-detonating cord combined initiation network.

[0017] A hoisting device for cement lumps includes a positioning frame for positioning the hoisting device by connecting it to a blast hole. When hoisting a cylindrical cement lump, the axis of the cement lump and the axis of the blast hole are on the same vertical line.

[0018] Cable retraction unit: Installed on the positioning frame, used to control the cable to lower the cement block to the bottom of the blast hole and then retract the cable;

[0019] Gravity release device: Installed at the lower end of the pull rope, it suspends the cement block by cooperating with the lifting ring set at the axis of the cement block. When the cement block is lowered to the bottom of the blast hole, the gravity release device automatically releases the hook, releasing the suspension of the cement block, and the cement block stays at the bottom of the blast hole.

[0020] Preferably, the positioning frame includes a positioning ring with a blocking ring at the upper end, the outer diameter of the positioning ring being the same as the inner diameter of the borehole, a guide ring with a frustum-shaped structure connected to the lower end of the positioning ring, three support rods fixed to the upper end of the blocking ring, an mounting plate mounted on the support rods, and a through hole provided at the axis of the mounting plate, the axis of the through hole being on the same straight line as the axis of the positioning ring, and a carrying rod also mounted on the mounting plate;

[0021] The cable take-up and release unit includes a rotating shaft rotatably mounted on the mounting plate, a winding reel fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft, the pull rope wound around the winding reel, a motor and a battery electrically connected to the motor mounted on the mounting plate, a worm gear fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the motor, and the worm gear meshing with a worm wheel fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft, the suspended end of the pull rope passing through the through hole and connected to the gravity release device through the hand grip post;

[0022] The gravity release device includes a hook rotatably mounted on the U-shaped plate, with an eccentric gravity block fixedly connected to the upper end of the hook, and the U-shaped plate connected to the hand grip column via a rotatably mounted pull rod.

[0023] Preferably, it also includes a triggering unit. When the gravity unhooking device is fully and automatically unhooked, the triggering unit is triggered, and the winding reel rotates automatically and drives the pull rope to wrap around the winding reel until the lower end of the pull rope returns to its initial position.

[0024] Preferably, the triggering unit includes a first movable rod rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the hook at its lower end, the upper end of the first movable rod being inclined toward the eccentric gravity block, a second movable rod rotatably mounted on the upper end of the first movable rod, and the upper end of the second movable rod passing through the U-shaped plate and the pull rod and extending into the inner cavity of the grip post. A push-type reset switch is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the grip post via a connecting spring. The reset switch is electrically connected to the lower end of a conductive line disposed in the inner cavity of the pull rope. The suspension end of the pull rope is fixedly connected to the upper end of the grip post. The upper end of the conductive line passes through the transverse axis of the rotating shaft and is electrically connected to the rotating end of the conductive slip ring. The conductive slip ring is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate, and the fixed end of the conductive slip ring is electrically connected to the motor controller.

[0025] Preferably, it also includes a protective unit to prevent the gravity unhooking device from hooking onto the lifting ring when the speed of the pull rope is too fast.

[0026] Preferably, the protective unit includes a mounting disc fixed to the U-shaped plate. Multiple L-shaped rods are circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the mounting disc, and the lower end of each L-shaped rod is slidably disposed within the inner cavity of the support cylinder. A flexible and deformable protective ring is fixedly embedded within the inner cavity of the support cylinder, and the inner cavity of the protective ring is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid. The lower ends of the multiple L-shaped rods are fixedly connected to the upper end of a limiting disc, and a rectangular opening is provided at the axis of the limiting disc for the lifting ring to pass through.

[0027] In summary, the technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. The present invention has a reasonable structure, which greatly reduces the backflow of gangue, reduces the workload of finding and cleaning holes, avoids workers from spending a long time digging gangue and cleaning holes at the edge of the empty area, and reduces the risk of operation; it does not damage the surrounding blast holes, and does not require drilling to clean the holes or re-fill the holes, thus avoiding repeated construction; it has a good roof breaking effect, leaving no floating roof, and provides a free surface for subsequent blasting.

[0029] 2. The hoisting equipment of this invention, in conjunction with the cable reeling unit and gravity unhooking device, can perform hoisting and automatic resetting operations for blast holes of different depths. The included protective unit can appropriately increase the cable release speed, improve work efficiency, and prevent the gravity unhooking device from shaking and causing the hook to snag on the lifting ring when the cable moves rapidly upward or is retracted. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal charging structure of the borehole in this invention;

[0032] Figure 2 These are photos of a blasting experiment.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hoisting equipment structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gravity unhooking device of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the medium gravity unhooking device;

[0036] Figure 6 for Figure 4Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle grip column;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the protective unit of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the delay time of the borehole detonator in this invention.

[0039] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the central support cylinder.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Positioning frame; 101. Positioning ring; 102. Blocking ring; 103. Support rod; 104. Mounting plate; 105. Through hole; 106. Hand handle; 2. Cable reel unit; 21. Winding reel; 22. Pull rope; 23. Shaft; 24. Worm gear; 25. Worm; 26. Conductive slip ring; 27. Motor; 28. Battery; 29. ​​Hand grip column; 3. Gravity release device; 31. Hook; 32. Eccentric gravity block; 33. U-shaped plate; 34. Pull rod; 4. Trigger unit; 41. First movable rod; 42. Second movable rod; 43. Reset switch; 44. Conductive wire; 45. Connecting spring; 5. Mounting disc; 6. L-shaped rod; 7. Cement block; 8. Lifting ring; 9. Support cylinder; 10. Bamboo; 11. Lower gangue filling layer; 12. Explosive pack; 13. Upper gangue filling layer; 14. Limiting disc; 15. Rectangular opening; 16. Protective ring. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The implementation scheme of this invention, principle one, is that the blasting effect of the explosive charge depends on the burial depth of the charge. When the volume of ore blasted down by the charge is the largest and the size of the broken ore pieces is optimal, the burial depth of the charge at this time is called the optimal burial depth (d0); when the charge just fails to explode into a funnel shape and only shows fragmentation on the free surface, the burial depth of the charge at this time is called the critical burial depth (d).

[0043] Principle 2: When an explosive charge is buried in rock mass, the resulting crater, shaped like a funnel, is called a blasting funnel. The ratio of the radius r of the bottom circle of the blasting funnel to the line of minimum resistance w is called the blasting exponent n, i.e.: n = r / w Based on their blasting effect index, funnels can be classified into four types:

[0044] ① When n=1, it is called a standard blasting funnel, which is theoretically the most efficient use of explosives.

[0045] ② When n>1, it is called a reinforced throwing funnel. After the blast, most or all of the rock debris is thrown out of the funnel, and part of the blast energy is used to throw the rock blocks.

[0046] ③ When 0.75 < n < 1, it is called a reinforced loosening funnel. After blasting, only a very small amount of rock debris is thrown out, and most of the rock is only loosened slightly.

[0047] ④ When n≈0.75, it is called a loosening funnel. After blasting, the rock debris does not scatter but only loosens in place.

[0048] Based on the above principles, in order to achieve successful roof breaching with minimal backflow of waste rock, efforts can be made to explore the critical embedment depth of the uppermost explosive layer. This ensures that all boreholes used in the roof breaching blast form reinforced loosening funnels, thereby minimizing the amount of backflow of waste rock. After multiple experiments, this patent achieves efficient roof breaching with minimal backflow of waste rock by reducing the amount of explosive charge at the top of each borehole during roof breaching and reducing the distance from the uppermost explosive charge to the top free surface.

[0049] Based on the above scheme, a drilling method is proposed, which adopts a large-diameter deep hole with a blast hole diameter of 165mm, arranged vertically and parallel, and uses a KQG-150 high-pressure annular down-the-hole drill to strictly follow the hole layout design drawing for construction.

[0050] S2: Measure the borehole length by lowering a measuring rope to the bottom of the borehole and recording the measurement.

[0051] S3: Blasting design, based on the properties of the ore and rock, measured data from the blast holes, to prepare blasting plans, design blasting parameters, calculate the amount of explosives, select the initiation network, calculate blasting safety and warning range, and implement safety technical measures;

[0052] S4: Plug the bottom of the hole. Place the precast cylindrical cement block 7 to the bottom of the hole using a hoisting device. Then, lower a plastic bag filled with gangue to plug the gap between the cement block and the hole wall. Then, fill the hole with sand to the predetermined height to form the lower gangue filling layer 11.

[0053] S5: The explosive loading process employs decoupled, intermittent loading, with the following intermittent loading steps:

[0054] S51: Two explosive packs are placed as a group (the specifications are 50cm long, 140mm in diameter, and 9kg / packet, with the two explosive packs placed adjacent to each other), and the two adjacent groups are separated by a 1-meter bamboo pole. The explosive packs are filled into the blast hole from bottom to top, and the top 1.6 to 1.8m of the blast hole is left unfilled.

[0055] When the top layer of the blast hole is left unloaded for more than 2.0m, the top two groups each use a single explosive charge as a group (specifications: 50cm long, φ140mm, 9kg / charge), and the two groups are separated by a 0.5m bamboo strip. Counting from top to bottom, the second group of explosive charges (single charge) and the third group of explosive charges (two charges) are separated by a 1m bamboo strip. In this case, the roof breach fails after blasting, leaving a suspended roof that cannot provide a free surface for subsequent side-blowout blasting.

[0056] When the top layer of the blast hole is left unloaded for less than 1.3m, and the top two groups each use a single explosive charge as a group (specifications: 50cm long, φ140mm, 9kg / charge), and the two groups are separated by a 0.5m bamboo strip, and from top to bottom, the second group of explosive charges (single charge) and the third group of explosive charges (two charges) are separated by a 1m bamboo strip, the amount of waste rock after blasting is large.

[0057] After repeated experiments, it was finally determined that the uppermost layer of the blast hole should be left unloaded for 1.6 to 1.8 meters, which can provide a free surface for subsequent blasting while minimizing the amount of backfill.

[0058] S52: The top two groups each use a single explosive charge of 12 (50cm long, 140mm φ, 9kg / charge), and the two groups are separated by a 0.5m bamboo pole of 10. Counting from top to bottom, the second group of explosive charges (single charge) and the third group of explosive charges (two charges) are separated by a 1m bamboo pole of 10. The top two layers are set with single explosive charges and a 0.5m interval to reduce the amount of explosives in the upper part, reduce the backlash of gangue, and at the same time ensure successful breaking of the top without leaving a suspended top.

[0059] S53: Then, the top is filled with gangue to form a lower gangue filling layer 13. After completion, the blast hole is plugged with a plastic bag containing gangue.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, in step S1, the blast holes are arranged in a grid pattern with a row spacing of 3m and a hole spacing of 2.7m. This distance setting provides a good free surface for subsequent blasting.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, in step S1, the blast holes are evenly arranged around the cutting well, with a distance of 0.8m from the edge of the cutting well.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, an electronic detonator-detonating cord combined initiation network is used to detonate the explosive charge. Because of the intermittent charging structure, to ensure the detonation of each explosive charge, a detonating cord needs to be laid inside the borehole, and a digital electronic detonator is used to detonate the cord. The digital electronic detonator initiation has a 25-millisecond interval between each segment, with the initial detonator segment starting at 0 milliseconds. The specific borehole detonator delay time is as follows: Figure 8As shown, this helps to provide a relatively good free surface for subsequent blasting.

[0063] Based on the above blasting method, an experiment was conducted in a mine in Tongling, Anhui Province, using a large-diameter deep-hole staged open-stope method followed by backfilling. According to the thickness and shape of the ore body, stopes were arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a width of 15-18m and a height of 45m (higher in the middle section), and mining was carried out in two steps. This blasting method was tested in the 15-1# and 16-1# stopes in the -613m middle section of this mine, achieving very good expected results. The actual roof-breaking effect can be seen below. Figure 2 The photo shown shows the scene after the roof was breached.

[0064] refer to Figure 2 A cement block hoisting device includes a positioning frame 1, which is used to connect with the blast hole to position the hoisting device. When hoisting a cylindrical cement block 7, the axis of the cement block 7 and the axis of the blast hole are on the same vertical line.

[0065] Line retraction unit 2: Installed on positioning frame 1, used to control the pull rope 22 to lower the cement block 7 to the bottom of the blast hole and then retract the pull rope 22;

[0066] Gravity release device 3: Installed at the lower end of the pull rope 22, it suspends the cement block 7 by cooperating with the lifting ring 8 set at the axis of the cement block 7. When the cement block 7 is lowered to the bottom of the blast hole, the gravity release device 3 automatically releases the hook, releases the suspension of the cement block 7, and the cement block 7 stays at the bottom of the blast hole.

[0067] In use, the positioning frame 1 can be inserted into the blast hole. After the cement thallium 7 is hoisted by the gravity release device 3, the axis of the cement thallium 7 and the axis of the blast hole are in a straight line (which facilitates the vertical hoisting of the cement thallium 7 and avoids the cement thallium 7 getting stuck in the blast hole due to contact between the outer wall of the cement thallium 7 and the inner wall of the blast hole during the hoisting process). Then, the cable take-up and release unit 2 is used to hoist the cement thallium 7 to the bottom of the blast hole.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 2-5As shown, the positioning frame 1 includes a positioning ring 101 with a blocking ring 102 at the upper end. The outer diameter of the positioning ring 101 is the same as the inner diameter of the borehole. The lower end of the positioning ring 101 is connected to a guide ring with a frustum-shaped structure. Three support rods 103 are fixed to the upper end of the blocking ring 102. A mounting plate 104 is installed on the support rods 103, and a through hole 105 is provided at the axis of the mounting plate 104. The axis of the through hole 105 is on the same straight line as the axis of the positioning ring 101. A carrying rod 106 is also installed on the mounting plate 104. The wire take-up and take-down unit 2 includes a rotating shaft 23 rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 104. A winding reel 21 is fixedly mounted, and a pull rope 22 is wound around the winding reel 21. A motor 27 and a battery 28 electrically connected to the motor 27 are mounted on the mounting plate 104. A worm gear 25 is fixed on the output shaft of the motor 27, and the worm gear 25 is meshed with a worm wheel 24 fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 23. The suspended end of the pull rope 22 passes through the through hole 105 and is connected to the gravity release device 3 through the hand grip post 29. The gravity release device 3 includes a hook 31 rotatably mounted on a U-shaped plate 33. An eccentric gravity block 32 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hook 31. The U-shaped plate 33 is connected to the hand grip post 29 through a rotatably mounted pull rod 34.

[0069] In use, the lower end of the positioning ring 101 can be inserted into the blast hole, so that the upper end of the blocking ring 102 contacts the ground to form support. At this time, the hook 31 hangs vertically and is on the same straight line as the axis of the positioning ring 101 and the blast hole. The hook 31 can be taken out from the positioning ring 101 and hooked with the lifting ring 8. The cement thallium 7 is sent into the inner cavity of the positioning ring 101 by manpower. After completion, the motor 27 can be controlled to drive the winding reel 21 to rotate for wire release. When the lower end of the cement thallium 7 contacts the bottom of the blast hole, the eccentric gravity block 32 rotates, causing the hook 31 to disengage from the lifting ring 8. At this time, the motor 27 can be controlled to reverse so that the gravity unhooking device 3 returns to its original position.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, it also includes a trigger unit 4. When the gravity unhooker 3 is fully and automatically unhooked, the trigger unit 4 is triggered, the winding reel 21 rotates automatically and drives the pull rope 22 to wrap around the winding reel 21 until the lower end of the pull rope 22 returns to its initial position. This is used so that after the gravity unhooker 3 is unhooked, the gravity unhooker 7 automatically returns to its original position, and the cement thallium 7 can be directly hoisted and placed in blast holes of different depths without having to pre-set the descent height of the gravity unhooker 7, reducing unnecessary trouble.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the trigger unit 4 includes a first movable rod 41 rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the hook 31 at its lower end. The upper end of the first movable rod 41 is inclined toward the eccentric gravity block 32. A second movable rod 42 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the first movable rod 41. The upper end of the second movable rod 42 passes through the U-shaped plate 33 and the pull rod 34 and extends to the inner cavity of the grip post 29. A push-type reset switch 43 is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the grip post 29 through a connecting spring 45. The reset switch 43 is electrically connected to the lower end of the conductive wire 44 provided in the inner cavity of the pull rope 22. The suspension end of the pull rope 22 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the grip post 29. The upper end of the conductive wire 44 passes through the transverse axis of the rotating shaft 23 and is electrically connected to the rotating end of the conductive slip ring 26. The conductive slip ring 26 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 104. The fixed end of the conductive slip ring 26 is electrically connected to the motor controller.

[0072] When the cement thallium 7 is located at the bottom of the blast hole, during the process of the gravity release device 7 disengaging from the lifting ring 8, that is, during the rotation of the hook 31, the first movable rod 41 will drive the second movable rod 42 to move vertically upward. When the hook 31 is completely disengaged from the lifting ring 8, the second movable rod 42 contacts the reset switch 43. At this time, the motor 27 rotates in the opposite direction and drives the gravity release device 7 to return to its original position through the pull rope 26. This method is applicable to blast holes of different depths.

[0073] It should be noted that the connecting spring 45 acts as a buffer for the reset switch 43.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 7 As shown, it also includes a protective unit to prevent the gravity unhooking device 3 from hooking onto the lifting ring 8 when the speed of the pull rope 22 is too fast.

[0075] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, the protective unit includes a mounting disc 5 fixed on a U-shaped plate 33. Multiple L-shaped rods 6 are arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the mounting disc 5, and the lower end of each L-shaped rod 6 is slidably disposed in the inner cavity of the support cylinder 9. A flexible and deformable protective ring 16 is fixedly embedded in the inner cavity of the support cylinder 9, and the inner cavity of the protective ring 16 is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid. The lower ends of the multiple L-shaped rods 6 are fixedly connected to the upper end of the limiting disc 14. A rectangular opening 15 for the lifting ring 8 to pass through is provided at the axis of the limiting disc 14.

[0076] When the rope 26 rapidly lowers the cement block 7, the lower end of the cement block 7 will violently collide with the bottom of the hole. At this time, the mounting disc 5 will drive the L-shaped rod 6 downward and violently collide with the protective ring 16. According to the non-Newtonian fluid properties, when subjected to violent impact, it will harden, preventing the L-shaped rod 6 from moving downward. This prevents the hook 31 from moving a large distance downward relative to the lifting ring 8, thus failing to provide sufficient space for the unhooking rotation of the eccentric gravity block 32. This prevents the hook 31 from separating from the lifting ring 8 during the collision. After stabilization, the gravity of the mounting disc 5, L-shaped rod 6, gravity unhooking device 3, and handhold column 29 will cause the lower end of the L-shaped rod 6 to deform and eventually pass through the protective ring 16, giving the eccentric gravity block 32 sufficient space to rotate and unhook. After unhooking, the rope 22 will then move upward. For retrieval, a limiting disc 14 is installed. The rectangular opening 15 on the disc contacts the outer wall of the lifting ring 8 to limit the movement of the limiting disc 14 relative to the lifting ring 8. This prevents the limiting disc 14 from rotating relative to the lifting ring 8. When the hook 31 moves above the lifting ring 8 during the reeling process, the lifting ring 8 moves out of the inner cavity of the rectangular opening 15 (the limiting disc 14 moves vertically upward relative to the lifting ring 8). This prevents the hook 31 from swinging and contacting the lifting ring 8 to form a hook. This avoids the situation where the gravity unhooking device 7 shakes when the pull rope 26 moves upward, i.e., when the pull rope 26 is retracted, causing the hook 31 to hook with the lifting ring 8. Without the protective unit, if the pull rope 22 is lowered quickly, the lower end of the hook 31 will collide with the cement block 7. The position of the hook 31 falling on the cement block 7 cannot be determined, which makes it easy for the hook 31 to swing during subsequent rope reeling and cause the hook 31 to hook with the lifting ring 8.

[0077] It should be noted that the installation of a protective unit can ensure the stability of the hook 31 and can appropriately increase the speed of the rope 26's winding and unwinding, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hoisting device for cement blocks, characterized in that: Includes a positioning frame (1): used to connect with the blast hole to position the hoisting equipment, and to ensure that when the cylindrical cement block (7) is below, the axis of the cement block (7) and the axis of the blast hole are on the same vertical line; Line retraction unit (2): Installed on the positioning frame (1), used to control the pull rope (22) to lower the cement block (7) to the bottom of the blast hole and then retract the pull rope (22); Gravity release device (3): Installed at the lower end of the pull rope (22), the cement block (7) is suspended by the lifting ring (8) set at the axis of the cement block (7). When the cement block (7) is lowered to the bottom of the blast hole, the gravity release device (3) automatically releases the hook, releasing the suspension of the cement block (7), and the cement block (7) stays at the bottom of the blast hole. It also includes a protective unit to prevent the gravity unhooking device (3) from hooking the lifting ring (8) when the pull rope (22) moves too fast; The positioning frame (1) includes a positioning ring (101) with a blocking ring (102) at the upper end. The outer diameter of the positioning ring (101) is the same as the inner diameter of the borehole. The lower end of the positioning ring (101) is connected to a guide ring with a frustum-shaped structure. The upper end of the blocking ring (102) is fixed with three support rods (103). The support rods (103) are mounted with a mounting plate (104). The mounting plate (104) has a through hole (105) at its axis. The axis of the through hole (105) is on the same straight line as the axis of the positioning ring (101). The mounting plate (104) is also mounted with a handle (106). The cable reeling unit (2) includes a rotating shaft (23) rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (104), a winding reel (21) fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft (23), and the pull rope (22) wound around the winding reel (21). The mounting plate (104) is equipped with a motor (27) and a battery (28) electrically connected to the motor (27). A worm gear (25) is fixed on the output shaft of the motor (27), and the worm gear (25) meshes with a worm wheel (24) fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft (23). The suspended end of the pull rope (22) passes through the through hole (105) and is connected to the gravity release device (3) through the hand grip post (29). The gravity unhooking device (3) includes a hook (31) rotatably mounted on a U-shaped plate (33), an eccentric gravity block (32) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hook (31), and the U-shaped plate (33) is connected to the hand grip column (29) through a rotatably mounted pull rod (34). The protective unit includes a mounting disc (5) fixed on the U-shaped plate (33). Multiple L-shaped rods (6) are arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the mounting disc (5). The lower end of each L-shaped rod (6) is slidably disposed in the inner cavity of the support cylinder (9). A flexible and deformable protective ring (16) is fixedly embedded in the inner cavity of the support cylinder (9). The inner cavity of the protective ring (16) is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid. The lower ends of the multiple L-shaped rods (6) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the limiting disc (14). A rectangular opening (15) is provided at the axis of the limiting disc (14) for the lifting ring (8) to pass through.

2. The hoisting equipment for cement blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a triggering unit (4), which is triggered when the gravity unhooker (3) is fully and automatically unhooked. The winding reel (21) rotates automatically and drives the pull rope (22) to wrap around the winding reel (21) until the lower end of the pull rope (22) returns to its initial position.

3. The hoisting equipment for cement blocks according to claim 2, characterized in that: The triggering unit (4) includes a first movable rod (41) rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the hook (31) at its lower end. The upper end of the first movable rod (41) is inclined toward the eccentric gravity block (32). A second movable rod (42) is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the first movable rod (41), and the upper end of the second movable rod (42) passes through the U-shaped plate (33) and the pull rod (34) and extends into the inner cavity of the hand grip column (29). The top of the inner cavity of the hand grip column (29) is provided with a pressing mechanism via a connecting spring (45). A pressure-type reset switch (43) is electrically connected to the lower end of a conductive wire (44) disposed in the inner cavity of the pull rope (22). The suspension end of the pull rope (22) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hand grip post (29). The upper end of the conductive wire (44) passes through the transverse axis of the rotating shaft (23) and is electrically connected to the rotating end of the conductive slip ring (26). The conductive slip ring (26) is fixedly installed on the mounting plate (104). The fixed end of the conductive slip ring (26) is electrically connected to the motor controller.

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