Wireless device and base station for sidelink sensing procedure

Abstract

A wireless device is capable of selecting a first candidate resource set for one or more sidelink transmissions based on a first sensing procedure. The wireless device is capable of triggering a second sensing procedure for the one or more sidelink transmissions based on one or more first resources of the first selected candidate resource set. The wireless device is capable of selecting a second candidate resource set from the first selected candidate resource set for the one or more sidelink transmissions and based on the second sensing procedure. The wireless device is capable of transmitting the one or more sidelink transmissions via one or more second resources of the second candidate resource set.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 123,763, filed December 10, 2020, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0003] Examples of several embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0004] Figure 1A and Figure 1B show an exemplary mobile communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.

[0005] Figure 2A and Figure 2B show a New Radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocol stack, respectively.

[0006] Figure 3 show an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack in Figure 2A .

[0007] Figure 4A show an exemplary downlink data flow flowing through Figure 2A of the NR user plane protocol stack.

[0008] Figure 4B show an exemplary format of the MAC sub - header in the MAC PDU.

[0009] Figure 5A and Figure 5B show the mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels for downlink and uplink, respectively.

[0010] Figure 6 is an example diagram showing the RRC state transition of a UE.

[0011] Figure 7 show an exemplary configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped.

[0012] Figure 8 show an exemplary configuration of time slots in the time and frequency domains of an NR carrier.

[0013] Figure 9 show an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs of an NR carrier.

[0014] Figure 10A show three carrier aggregation configurations with two component carriers.

[0015] Figure 10B Shows an example of how an aggregated cell can be configured into one or more PUCCH groups.

[0016] Figure 11A Shows an example of the SS / PBCH block structure and location.

[0017] Figure 11B Shows an example of CSI-RS mapped in the time and frequency domains.

[0018] Figure 12A and Figure 12B Shows examples of three downlink and uplink beam management procedures, respectively.

[0019] Figure 13A 、 Figure 13B and Figure 13C Shows a four-step contention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-free random access procedure, and another two-step random access procedure, respectively.

[0020] Figure 14A Shows an example of the CORESET configuration of a bandwidth part.

[0021] Figure 14B Shows an example of the CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on CORESET and PDCCH processing.

[0022] Figure 15 Shows an example of a wireless device communicating with a base station.

[0023] Figure 16A 、 Figure 16B 、 Figure 16C and Figure 16D Shows an exemplary structure for uplink and downlink transmissions.

[0024] Figure 17 Shows an example of device-to-device (D2D) communication according to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 18 Shows an example of a resource pool for sidelink operation according to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 19A and Figure 19B Shows an example of sidelink transmission according to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 20 Shows the resource indication for a first TB and the resource reservation for a second TB according to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 21 Shows configuration information for sidelink communication according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 22 Shows configuration information for sidelink communication according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 23 Shows the format of the MAC sub-header of the sidelink shared channel (SL-SCH) according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 24 Shows the timing of a resource selection procedure according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 25 Shows the timing of a resource selection procedure according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 26 Is a flowchart of a resource selection procedure for a wireless device to transmit a TB via sidelink according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 27 Shows a diagram of a resource selection procedure between layers of a wireless device according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 28 Shows a diagram triggering a resource selection procedure for initial selection of resources and / or re-evaluation of resources according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 29 Shows a diagram triggering a resource selection procedure for initial selection of resources and / or re-evaluation of resources according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 30 Shows a diagram triggering a resource selection procedure for re-evaluation of resources according to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Description

[0038] In this disclosure, various embodiments are presented in the form of examples of how the disclosed technology can be implemented and / or how the disclosed technology can be practiced in an environment and scenario. It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the scope of the present invention. In fact, after reading the specification, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art how to implement alternative embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention should not be limited by any of the described exemplary embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Limitations, features, and / or elements from the disclosed exemplary embodiments can be combined to create additional embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure. Any figures that highlight functionality and advantages are given for example purposes only. The disclosed architecture is flexible and configurable enough such that it can be utilized in a manner different from the way shown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart can be reordered or used only optionally in certain embodiments.

[0039] Embodiments can be configured to operate as needed. For example, in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, a combination of the above, etc., when certain criteria are met, the disclosed mechanisms can be executed. Exemplary criteria can be at least partially based on, for example, wireless device or network node configuration, traffic load, initial system settings, packet size, traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, etc. When one or more criteria are met, various exemplary embodiments can be applied. Thus, exemplary embodiments of selectively implementing the disclosed protocol can be implemented.

[0040] A base station can communicate with a mixture of wireless devices. The wireless devices and / or the base station can support multiple technologies and / or multiple versions of the same technology. A wireless device may have certain specific capabilities depending on the wireless device category and / or capabilities. When this disclosure refers to a base station communicating with multiple wireless devices, this disclosure may mean a subset of the total wireless devices in a coverage area. For example, this disclosure may mean multiple wireless devices with a given capability and a given LTE or 5G version in a given sector of a base station. The multiple wireless devices in this disclosure can refer to a selected multiple of wireless devices, and / or a subset of the total wireless devices in a coverage area that execute according to the disclosed method, etc. There may be multiple base stations or multiple wireless devices in a coverage area that may not conform to the disclosed method. For example, these wireless devices or base stations may execute based on an older version of LTE or 5G technology.

[0041] In the present disclosure, "a", "an", and similar phrases will be interpreted as "at least one" and "one or more". Similarly, any term ending with the suffix "(s)" will be interpreted as "at least one" and "one or more". In the present disclosure, the term "may" is interpreted as "may, for example". In other words, the term "may" indicates that the phrase following the term "may" is an example of one of the various suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more of the various embodiments. As used herein, the terms "comprising" and "consisting of" enumerate one or more components of the element being described. The term "comprising" is interchangeable with "including" and does not exclude components not enumerated from being included in the element being described. In contrast, "consisting of" provides a complete enumeration of the one or more components of the element being described. As used herein, the term "based on" should be interpreted as "at least partially based on" rather than, for example, "only based on". As used herein, the term "and / or" represents any possible combination of the enumerated elements. For example, "A, B, and / or C" can represent A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C.

[0042] If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, then A is called a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets and subsets are considered. For example, the possible subsets of B = {cell1, cell2} are: {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}. The phrase "based on" (or equivalently "at least based on") indicates that the phrase following the term "based on" is an example of one of the various suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more different embodiments. The phrase "in response to" (or equivalently "at least in response to") indicates that the phrase following the term "in response to" is an example of one of the various suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more different embodiments. The phrase "depending on" (or equivalently "at least depending on") indicates that the phrase following the term "depending on" is an example of one of the various suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more different embodiments. The phrase "employ / use" (or equivalently "at least employ / use") indicates that the phrase following the term "employ / use" is an example of one of the various suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more different embodiments.

[0043] The term "configured" can relate to the capabilities of a device, whether the device is in an operational state or a non - operational state. "Configured" can also mean specific settings within a device that affect the operational characteristics of the device, whether the device is in an operational state or a non - operational state. In other words, hardware, software, firmware, registers, memory values, etc. can be "configured" within a device to provide the device with specific characteristics, whether the device is in an operational state or a non - operational state. The term such as "control message induced in a device" can mean that the control message has parameters that can be used to configure specific characteristics in a device or parameters that can be used to implement certain actions in a device, whether the device is in an operational state or a non - operational state.

[0044] In the present disclosure, a parameter (or equivalently referred to as a field or information element: IE) can include one or more information objects, and an information object can include one or more other objects. For example, if parameter (IE) N includes parameter (IE) M, and parameter (IE) M includes parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K includes parameter (information element) J. Then for example, N includes K, and N includes J. In an exemplary embodiment, when one or more messages include multiple parameters, it means that the parameters among the multiple parameters are in at least one of the one or more messages, but not necessarily in each of the one or more messages.

[0045] Many of the features presented are described as optional by using "may" or by using parentheses. For the sake of brevity and readability, the present disclosure does not explicitly recite every permutation that can be obtained by choosing from the group of optional features. The present disclosure should be construed as explicitly disclosing all such permutations. For example, a system described as having three optional features can be embodied in seven different ways, namely having only one of the three possible features, having any two of the three possible features, or having all three of the three possible features.

[0046] Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments can be implemented as modules. A module is defined herein as an element that performs a defined function and has a defined interface to other elements. The modules described in this disclosure can be implemented in hardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (e.g., hardware with biological elements), or a combination thereof, all of which can be behaviorally equivalent. For example, a module can be implemented as a software routine written in a computer language that is configured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, Matlab, etc.) or a modeling / simulation program (such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEW MathScript). It is possible to implement a module using physical hardware incorporating discrete or programmable analog, digital, and / or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware include: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers, and microprocessors are programmed using languages such as assembly, C, C++. FPGAs, ASICs, and CPLDs are often programmed using hardware description languages (HDLs), such as VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog, which configure the connections between the less functional internal hardware modules on the programmable device. The techniques mentioned are often used in combination to achieve the result of a functional module.

[0047] Figure 1A An example of a mobile communication network 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented is shown. The mobile communication network 100 can be, for example, a public land mobile network (PLMN) operated by a network operator. As Figure 1A shown, the mobile communication network 100 includes a core network (CN) 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and wireless devices 106.

[0048] The CN 102 can provide an interface to one or more data networks (DNs) (such as a public DN (e.g., the Internet), a private DN, and / or an operator-internal DN) to the wireless devices 106. As part of the interface function, the CN 102 can set up end-to-end connections between the wireless devices 106 and one or more DNs, authenticate the wireless devices 106, and provide a charging function.

[0049] The RAN 104 can connect the CN 102 to the wireless device 106 via radio communication through the air interface. As part of the radio communication, the RAN 104 can provide scheduling, radio resource management, and retransmission protocols. The communication direction from the RAN 104 to the wireless device 106 via the air interface is called the downlink, while the communication direction from the wireless device 106 to the RAN 104 via the air interface is called the uplink. Frequency-division duplexing (FDD), time-division duplexing (TDD), and / or some combination of these two duplexing techniques can be used to separate downlink transmissions from uplink transmissions.

[0050] The term "wireless device" can be used throughout this disclosure to mean and encompass any mobile device or fixed (non-mobile) device that requires or can use wireless communication. For example, a wireless device can be a phone, smartphone, tablet, computer, laptop, sensor, meter, wearable device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, vehicle roadside unit (RSU), relay node, automobile, and / or any combination thereof. The term "wireless device" encompasses other terms, including user equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), access terminal (AT), mobile station, handset, wireless transmission and reception unit (WTRU), and / or wireless communication device.

[0051] The RAN 104 can include one or more base stations (not shown). The term "base station" can be used throughout this disclosure to mean and encompass: Node B (associated with UMTS and / or 3G standards); evolved Node B (eNB, associated with E-UTRA and / or 4G standards); remote radio head (RRH); baseband processing unit coupled to one or more RRHs; repeater node or relay node for extending the coverage area of a donor node; next-generation evolved Node B (ng-eNB); generation Node B (gNB, associated with NR and / or 5G standards); access point (AP, associated with, for example, WiFi or any other suitable wireless communication standard); and / or any combination thereof. A base station can include at least one gNB central unit (gNB-CU) and at least one gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU).

[0052] The base stations included in the RAN 104 can include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the wireless device 106 via the air interface. For example, one or more of the base stations can include three sets of antennas to control three cells (or sectors) respectively. The size of a cell can be determined by the range within which a receiver (e.g., a base station receiver) can successfully receive transmissions from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter) operating in the cell. The cells of the base station can together provide radio coverage over a wide geographical area to support the movement of the wireless device 106.

[0053] In addition to three-sector sites, other implementations of the base station are possible. For example, one or more of the base stations in RAN 104 may be implemented as a sectorized site with more or fewer than three sectors. One or more of the base stations in RAN 104 may be implemented as an access point, a baseband processing unit coupled to a number of remote radio heads (RRHs), and / or a repeater or relay node for extending the coverage area of a donor node. The baseband processing unit coupled to the RRH may be part of a centralized or cloud RAN architecture, where the baseband processing unit may be centralized in a pool of baseband processing units or virtualized. The repeater node may amplify and replay the radio signals received from the donor node. The relay node may perform the same / similar functions as the repeater node, but may decode the radio signals received from the donor node to eliminate noise before amplifying and replaying the radio signals.

[0054] RAN 104 may be deployed as a homogeneous network of macro cell base stations with similar antenna patterns and similar high-level transmission powers. RAN 104 may be deployed as a heterogeneous network. In a heterogeneous network, small cell base stations may be used to provide small coverage areas, such as coverage areas that overlap with the relatively large coverage areas provided by macro cell base stations. Small coverage areas may be provided in areas with high data traffic (or so-called "hotspots") or in areas with weak macro cell coverage. Examples of small cell base stations, in decreasing order of coverage area, include: micro cell base stations, pico cell base stations, and femto cell base stations or home base stations.

[0055] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was established in 1998 to provide global specification standardization for mobile communication networks similar to the mobile communication network 100 in Figure 1A . To date, 3GPP has developed specifications for three generations of mobile networks: the 3rd generation (3G) network known as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), the 4th generation (4G) network known as Long Term Evolution (LTE), and the 5th generation (5G) network known as the 5G System (5GS). The embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the RAN of the 3GPP 5G network known as the Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN). These embodiments may be applicable to the RANs of other mobile communication networks, such as Figure 1A the RAN 104 in , the RANs of early 3G and 4G networks, and the RANs of future networks that have not been specified (e.g., 3GPP 6G networks). The NG-RAN implementation implements the 5G radio access technology known as New Radio (NR) and may be configured to implement 4G radio access technology or other radio access technologies, including non-3GPP radio access technologies.

[0056] Figure 1BFIG. 150 shows another exemplary mobile communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The mobile communication network 150 may be, for example, a PLMN operated by a network operator. As shown in Figure 1B , the mobile communication network 150 includes a 5G core network (5G-CN) 152, an NG-RAN 154, and UEs 156A and 156B (collectively referred to as UEs 156). These components may be implemented and operated in the same or similar manner as the corresponding components described with respect to Figure 1A .

[0057] The 5G-CN 152 provides an interface to one or more DNs for the UEs 156, such as a public DN (e.g., the Internet), a private DN, and / or an operator-internal DN. As part of the interface function, the 5G-CN 152 may establish an end-to-end connection between the UEs 156 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the UEs 156, and provide a charging function. Compared with the CN of the 3GPP 4G network, the basis of the 5G-CN 152 may be a service-based architecture. This means that the architecture of the nodes constituting the 5G-CN 152 may be defined as network functions that provide services to other network functions via interfaces. The network functions of the 5G-CN 152 may be implemented in several ways, including as network elements on dedicated or shared hardware, as software instances running on dedicated or shared hardware, or as virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

[0058] As shown in Figure 1B , the 5G-CN 152 includes an access and mobility management function (AMF) 158A and a user plane function (UPF) 158B, which are shown as a single component AMF / UPF 158 for ease of illustration in Figure 1B . The UPF 158B may act as a gateway between the NG-RAN 154 and the one or more DNs. Functions that the UPF 158B may perform include, for example: packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, and user plane policy rule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, support for uplink classification for routing traffic flows to the one or more DNs, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, uplink / downlink rate enforcement, and uplink traffic verification), downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notification triggering. The UPF 158B may act as an anchor for mobility within / across radio access technologies (RATs), an external protocol (or packet) data unit (PDU) session point for interconnecting with the one or more DNs, and / or a pivot for supporting multi-homed PDU sessions. The UEs 156 may be configured to receive services via PDU sessions, which are logical connections between the UEs and the DNs.

[0059] The functions that the AMF 158A can perform include, for example: non-access stratum (NAS) signaling termination, NAS signaling security, access stratum (AS) security control, CN-inter-node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, idle mode UE reachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmission), registration area management, in-system and inter-system mobility support, access authentication, access authorization including roaming right verification, mobility management control (subscription and policy), network slice support, and / or session management function (SMF) selection. NAS can refer to the functions operating between the CN and the UE, and AS can refer to the functions operating between the UE and the RAN.

[0060] The 5G-CN 152 may include one or more additional network functions not shown for clarity in Figure 1B For example, the 5G-CN 152 may include one or more of the following: session management function (SMF), NR repository function (NRF), policy control function (PCF), network exposure function (NEF), unified data management (UDM), application function (AF), and / or authentication server function (AUSF).

[0061] The NG-RAN 154 can connect the 5G-CN 152 to the UE 156 via radio communication over the air interface. The NG-RAN 154 may include: one or more gNBs, shown as gNB 160A and gNB 160B (collectively gNB 160); and / or one or more ng-eNBs, shown as ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B (collectively ng-eNB 162). The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 can be more generally referred to as base stations. The gNB 160 and ng-eNB 162 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the UE 156 over the air interface. For example, one or more of the gNBs in the gNB 160 and / or one or more of the ng-eNBs in the ng-eNB 162 may include three sets of antennas to control three cells (or sectors) respectively. The cells of the gNB 160 and ng-eNB 162 can together provide radio coverage over a wide geographical area to the UE 156 to support UE mobility.

[0062] As Figure 1BAs shown, gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162 can be connected to 5G-CN 152 via the NG interface and to other base stations via the Xn interface. The NG and Xn interfaces can be established using direct physical connections and / or indirect connections via an underlying transport network such as an Internet Protocol (IP) transport network. gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162 can be connected to UE 156 via the Uu interface. For example, as Figure 1B shown, gNB 160A can be connected to UE156A via the Uu interface. The NG, Xn, and Uu interfaces are associated with protocol stacks. The protocol stacks associated with the interfaces can be used by Figure 1B the network elements in to exchange data and signaling messages and can include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane can handle data of interest to the user. The control plane can handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0063] gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162 can be connected to one or more AMF / UPF functions of 5G-CN 152, such as AMF / UPF 158, via one or more NG interfaces. For example, gNB 160A can be connected to UPF 158B of AMF / UPF 158 via the NG user plane (NG-U) interface. The NG-U interface can provide the delivery (e.g., non-guaranteed delivery) of user plane PDUs between gNB 160A and UPF 158B. gNB 160A can be connected to AMF158A via the NG control plane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface can provide, for example, NG interface management, UE context management, UE mobility management, transmission of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, and configuration delivery and / or warning message transmission.

[0064] gNB 160 can provide NR user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 156 via the Uu interface. For example, gNB 160A can provide NR user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 156A via the Uu interface associated with the first protocol stack. ng-eNB 162 can provide evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 156 via the Uu interface, where E-UTRA refers to the 3GPP 4G radio access technology. For example, ng-eNB 162B can provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 156B via the Uu interface associated with the second protocol stack.

[0065] 5G-CN 152 is described as being configured to handle NR and 4G radio access. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that it is possible for NR to connect to a 4G core network in a mode referred to as "non-standalone operation". In non-standalone operation, the 4G core network is used to provide (or at least support) control plane functions (e.g., initial access, mobility, and paging). Although Figure 1B only one AMF / UPF 158 is shown, a gNB or ng-eNB can be connected to multiple AMF / UPF nodes to provide redundancy and / or load sharing across the multiple AMF / UPF nodes.

[0066] As discussed, Figure 1B interfaces between network elements in

[0067] Figure 2A and Figure 2B can be associated with protocol stacks used by network elements to exchange data and signaling messages. A protocol stack can include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane can handle data of interest to users, while the control plane can handle signaling messages of interest to network elements. Figure 2A and Figure 2B The protocol stacks shown in Figure 1B can be the same as or similar to those for the Uu interface between, for example,

[0068] Figure 2A shows an NR user plane protocol stack including five layers implemented in UE 210 and gNB 220. At the bottom of the protocol stack, the physical layers (PHY) 211 and 221 can provide transport services to higher layers of the protocol stack and can correspond to layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The next four protocols above PHY 211 and 221 include the Media Access Control layer (MAC) 212 and 222, the Radio Link Control layer (RLC) 213 and 223, the Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer (PDCP) 214 and 224, and the Service Data Application Protocol layer (SDAP) 215 and 225. These four protocols can together constitute layer 2 or the data link layer of the OSI model.

[0069] Figure 3 shows an example of the services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack. From Figure 2A and Figure 3Starting from the top, SDAP 215 and 225 can perform QoS flow processing. UE 210 can receive services through a PDU session, which can be a logical connection between UE 210 and the DN. The PDU session can have one or more QoS flows. The UPF in the CN (e.g., UPF 158B) can map IP packets to the one or more QoS flows of the PDU session based on QoS requirements (e.g., in terms of latency, data rate, and / or error rate). SDAP 215 and 225 can perform mapping / demapping between the one or more QoS flows and one or more data radio bearers. The mapping / demapping between the QoS flow and the data radio bearer can be determined by SDAP 225 at gNB 220. SDAP 215 at UE 210 can learn the mapping between the QoS flow and the data radio bearer through reflective mapping or control signaling received from gNB 220. For reflective mapping, SDAP 225 at gNB 220 can mark the downlink packet with a QoS flow indicator (QFI), which can be observed by SDAP 215 at UE 210 to determine the mapping / demapping between the QoS flow and the data radio bearer.

[0070] PDCP 214 and 224 can perform header compression / decompression to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over the air interface, can perform encryption / decryption to prevent unauthorized decoding of the data transmitted over the air interface, and can perform integrity protection to ensure that control messages originate from the expected source. PDCP 214 and 224 can perform retransmission of undelivered packets, in-order delivery and reordering of packets, and removal of packets received repeatedly due to, for example, handover within the gNB. PDCP 214 and 224 can perform packet duplication to increase the likelihood of a packet being received, and remove any duplicate packets at the receiver. Packet duplication can be applicable to services that require high reliability.

[0071] Although Figure 3 not shown in, PDCP 214 and 224 can perform mapping / demapping between split radio bearers and RLC channels in a dual-connectivity scenario. Dual-connectivity is a technique that allows a UE to be connected to two cells or more generally to two cell groups: a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). A split bearer is a split bearer when a single radio bearer (such as one of the radio bearers provided by PDCP 214 and 224 as a service to SDAP 215 and 225) is handled by cell groups in a dual-connectivity. PDCP 214 and 224 can map / demap split radio bearers between RLC channels belonging to cell groups.

[0072] RLC 213 and 223 can perform segmentation, retransmission via automatic repeat request (ARQ), and removal of duplicate data units received from MAC 212 and 222, respectively. RLC 213 and 223 can support three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM); unacknowledged mode (UM); and acknowledged mode (AM). Based on the transmission mode in which the RLC is operating, the RLC can perform one or more of the said functions. RLC configuration can be per logical channel, independent of the parameter set and / or transmission time interval (TTI) duration. As Figure 3 shown, RLC 213 and 223 can provide RLC channels as services to PDCP 214 and 224, respectively.

[0073] MAC 212 and 222 can perform multiplexing / demultiplexing of logical channels and / or mapping between logical channels and transport channels. Multiplexing / demultiplexing can include: multiplexing data units belonging to one or more logical channels into / from transport blocks (TBs) delivered to / from PHY 211 and 221. MAC 222 can be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling information reporting, and priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling. Scheduling can be performed in gNB 220 (at MAC 222) for both downlink and uplink. MAC 212 and 222 can be configured to perform error correction via hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) (e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in the case of carrier aggregation (CA)), priority handling between logical channels of UE 210 by means of logical channel prioritization, and / or padding. MAC 212 and 222 can support one or more parameter sets and / or transmission timings. In an example, the mapping restrictions in logical channel prioritization can control which parameter set and / or transmission timing a logical channel can use. As Figure 3 shown, MAC 212 and 222 can provide logical channels as services to RLC 213 and 223.

[0074] PHY 211 and 221 can perform mapping of transport channels to physical channels and digital and analog signal processing functions for sending and receiving information over the air interface. These digital and analog signal processing functions can include, for example, encoding / decoding and modulation / demodulation. PHY 211 and 221 can perform multi-antenna mapping. As Figure 3 shown, PHY 211 and 221 can provide one or more transport channels as services to MAC 212 and 222.

[0075] Figure 4A An exemplary downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack is shown. Figure 4AShows the downlink data flow of three IP packets (n, n+1, and m) that flow through the NR user plane protocol stack to generate two transport blocks (TBs) at gNB 220. The uplink data flow that flows through the NR user plane protocol stack can be similar to the Figure 4A downlink data flow depicted in

[0076] Figure 4A . The downlink data flow begins when SDAP 225 receives three IP packets from one or more QoS flows and maps the three packets to radio bearers. In Figure 4A , SDAP 225 maps IP packets n and n+1 to the first radio bearer 402, and maps IP packet m to the second radio bearer 404. An SDAP header (marked as "H" in Figure 4A ) is added to the IP packets. Data units from / to higher protocol layers are called service data units (SDUs) of lower protocol layers, and data units to / from lower protocol layers are called protocol data units (PDUs) of higher protocol layers. As shown in Figure 4A , the data unit from SDAP 225 is the SDU of the lower protocol layer PDCP 224 and the PDU of SDAP 225.

[0077] Figure 4A The remaining protocol layers in Figure 3 can perform their associated functions (e.g., regarding Figure 3 ), add corresponding headers, and forward their respective outputs to the next lower layer. For example, PDCP 224 can perform IP header compression and encryption and forward its output to RLC 223. RLC 223 can optionally perform segmentation (e.g., as shown for IP packet m in Figure 4A ) and forward its output to MAC 222. MAC 222 can multiplex a number of RLC PDUs and can attach a MAC sub-header to the RLC PDUs to form a transport block. In NR, the MAC sub-header can be distributed throughout the MAC PDU, as shown in Figure 4A . In LTE, the MAC sub-header can be entirely at the beginning of the MAC PDU. The NR MAC PDU structure can reduce processing time and associated latency because the MAC PDU sub-header can be calculated before assembling the complete MAC PDU.

[0078] Figure 4BShows an exemplary format of the MAC sub-header in the MAC PDU. The MAC sub-header includes: an SDU length field for indicating the length (e.g., in bytes) of the MAC SDU corresponding to the MAC sub-header; a logical channel identifier (LCID) field for identifying the logical channel from which the MAC SDU originated to assist in the demultiplexing process; a flag (F) for indicating the size of the SDU length field; and a reserved bit (R) field for future use.

[0079] Figure 4B Further shows MAC control elements (CEs) inserted into the MAC PDU by the MAC (such as MAC 223 or MAC 222). For example, Figure 4B Shows two MAC CEs inserted into the MAC PDU. The MAC CEs can be inserted at the start of the downlink transmission of the MAC PDU (as Figure 4B shown) and at the end of the uplink transmission of the MAC PDU. The MAC CEs can be used for in-band control signaling. Exemplary MAC CEs include: scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports and power headroom reports; activation / deactivation MAC CEs, such as those for PDCP duplicate detection, channel state information (CSI) reporting, sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission, and activation / deactivation of previously configured components; discontinuous reception (DRX)-related MAC CEs; timing advance MAC CEs; and random access-related MAC CEs. A MAC sub-header with a format similar to that described for the MAC SDU can exist before the MAC CE, and the MAC CE can be identified with a reserved value in the LCID field indicating the type of control information included in the MAC CE.

[0080] Before describing the NR control plane protocol stack, first describe the logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels and the mapping between the channel types. One or more of these channels can be used to perform functions associated with the NR control plane protocol stack described later below.

[0081] Figure 5A and Figure 5BThe mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels is shown separately for the downlink and uplink. Information is transferred through the channels between the RLC, MAC, and PHY of the NR protocol stack. Logical channels can be used between the RLC and the MAC and can be classified as control channels that carry control and configuration information in the NR control plane or as traffic channels that carry data in the NR user plane. Logical channels can be classified as dedicated logical channels dedicated to a specific UE or as common logical channels that can be used by more than one UE. Logical channels can also be defined by the type of information they carry. The set of logical channels defined by NR includes, for example:

[0082] - Paging Control Channel (PCCH), which is used to carry paging messages for paging UEs whose location is unknown to the network at the cell level;

[0083] - Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), which is used to carry system information messages in the form of a Master Information Block (MIB) and several System Information Blocks (SIBs), where the system information messages can be used by the UE to obtain information on how the cell is configured and how to operate within the cell;

[0084] - Common Control Channel (CCCH), which is used to carry control messages and random access;

[0085] - Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH), which is used to carry control messages to / from a specific UE to configure the UE; and

[0086] - Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), which is used to carry user data to / from a specific UE.

[0087] Transport channels are used between the MAC layer and the PHY layer and can be defined by how the information they carry is transmitted over the air interface. The set of transport channels defined by NR includes, for example:

[0088] - Paging Channel (PCH), which is used to carry paging messages originating from the PCCH;

[0089] - Broadcast Channel (BCH), which is used to carry the MIB from the BCCH;

[0090] - Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH), which is used to carry downlink data and signaling messages, including SIBs from the BCCH;

[0091] - Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH), which is used to carry uplink data and signaling messages; and

[0092] - Random Access Channel (RACH), which is used to allow a UE to access the network without any prior scheduling.

[0093] The PHY can use physical channels to transfer information between the processing levels of the PHY. A physical channel can have a set of associated time-frequency resources for carrying information of one or more transport channels. The PHY can generate control information to support the low-level operations of the PHY and provide the control information to the lower level of the PHY via a physical control channel (referred to as the L1 / L2 control channel). The set of physical channels and physical control channels defined by NR includes, for example:

[0094] - Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), which is used to carry the MIB from the BCH;

[0095] - Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), which is used to carry downlink data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH and paging messages from the PCH;

[0096] - Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), which is used to carry Downlink Control Information (DCI), and the DCI can include downlink scheduling commands, uplink scheduling grants, and uplink power control commands;

[0097] - Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), which is used to carry uplink data and signaling messages from the UL-SCH and, in some cases, carry Uplink Control Information (UCI) as described below;

[0098] - Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), which is used to carry UCI, and the UCI can include HARQ acknowledgments, Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), Rank Indicator (RI), and Scheduling Request (SR); and

[0099] - Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), which is used for random access.

[0100] Similar to physical control channels, the physical layer generates physical signals to support the low-level operations of the physical layer. As shown in Figure 5A and Figure 5B the physical layer signals defined by NR include: Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS). These physical layer signals will be described in more detail below.

[0101] Figure 2B shows an exemplary NR control plane protocol stack. As shown in Figure 2BAs shown, the NR control plane protocol stack can use the same / similar first four protocol layers as the exemplary NR user plane protocol stack. These four protocol layers include PHY 211 and 221, MAC 212 and 222, RLC 213 and 223, and PDCP 214 and 224. Instead of having SDAP 215 and 225 at the top of the stack as in the NR user plane protocol stack, the NR control plane protocol stack has radio resource control (RRC) 216 and 226 and NAS protocol 217 and 237 at the top of the NR control plane protocol stack.

[0102] NAS protocol 217 and 237 can provide control plane functions between UE 210 and AMF 230 (e.g., AMF 158A) or more generally between UE 210 and the CN. NAS protocol 217 and 237 can provide control plane functions between UE 210 and AMF 230 via signaling messages called NAS messages. There is no direct path through which NAS messages can be transmitted between UE 210 and AMF 230. The AS of the Uu and NG interfaces can be used to transmit NAS messages. NAS protocol 217 and 237 can provide control plane functions such as authentication, security, connection setup, mobility management, and session management.

[0103] RRC 216 and 226 can provide control plane functions between UE 210 and gNB 220 or more generally between UE 210 and the RAN. RRC 216 and 226 can provide control plane functions between UE 210 and gNB 220 via signaling messages called RRC messages. Signaling radio bearers and the same / similar PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY protocol layers can be used to transmit RRC messages between UE 210 and the RAN. The MAC can multiplex control plane and user plane data into the same transport block (TB). Control plane functions that RRC 216 and 226 can provide include: broadcasting of system information related to the AS and NAS; paging initiated by the CN or RAN; establishment, maintenance, and release of the RRC connection between UE 210 and the RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance, and release of signaling radio bearers and data radio bearers; mobility functions; QoS management functions; UE measurement reporting and control of the report; detection of radio link failure (RLF) and recovery from radio link failure; and / or NAS message transfer. As part of establishing the RRC connection, RRC 216 and 226 can establish an RRC context, which can involve configuring parameters for communication between UE 210 and the RAN.

[0104] Figure 6 is an example diagram showing the RRC state transition of a UE. The UE can be associated withFigure 1A the wireless device 106 depicted in Figure 2A and Figure 2B the UE 210 depicted in or any other wireless device described in the present disclosure. As Figure 6 shown in, the UE can be in at least one of three RRC states: RRC connected 602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 604 (e.g., RRC_IDLE), and RRC inactive 606 (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE).

[0105] In RRC connected 602, the UE has an established RRC context and can have at least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station can be similar to one of the following: Figure 1A the one or more base stations included in the RAN 104 depicted in Figure 1B one of the gNB 160 or ng-eNB 162 depicted in Figure 2A and Figure 2B the gNB220 depicted in; or any other base station described in the present disclosure. The base station connected to the UE can have an RRC context for the UE. The RRC context, which is referred to as the UE context, can include parameters for communication between the UE and the base station. These parameters can include, for example: one or more AS contexts; one or more radio link configuration parameters; bearer configuration information (e.g., related to data radio bearers, signaling radio bearers, logical channels, QoS flows, and / or PDU sessions); security information; and / or PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and / or SDAP layer configuration information. When in RRC connected 602, the mobility of the UE can be managed by the RAN (e.g., RAN 104 or NG-RAN 154). The UE can measure the signal levels (e.g., reference signal levels) from the serving cell and neighboring cells and report these measurements to the base station currently serving the UE. The serving base station of the UE can request a handover to a cell of one of the neighboring base stations based on the reported measurements. The RRC state can transition from RRC connected 602 to RRC idle 604 through a connection release procedure 608 or to RRC inactive 606 through a connection deactivation procedure 610.

[0106] In RRC idle state 604, an RRC context may not be established for the UE. In RRC idle state 604, the UE may not have an RRC connection with the base station. When in RRC idle state 604, the UE may be in a sleep state most of the time (e.g., to save battery power). The UE may wake up periodically (e.g., once per discontinuous reception cycle) to monitor paging messages from the RAN. The mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through a procedure called cell reselection. The RRC state may be transitioned from RRC idle state 604 to RRC connected state 602 through a connection establishment procedure 612, which may involve a random access procedure, as discussed in more detail below.

[0107] In RRC inactive state 606, the previously established RRC context is maintained in the UE and the base station. This allows for a quick transition to RRC connected state 602 with reduced signaling overhead compared to the transition from RRC idle state 604 to RRC connected state 602. When in RRC inactive state 606, the UE may be in a sleep state, and the mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through cell reselection. The RRC state may be transitioned from RRC inactive state 606 to RRC connected state 602 through a connection resume procedure 614, or to RRC idle state 604 through a connection release procedure 616, which may be the same as or similar to the connection release procedure 608.

[0108] The RRC state may be associated with a mobility management mechanism. In RRC idle state 604 and RRC inactive state 606, the mobility is managed by the UE through cell reselection. The purpose of mobility management in RRC idle state 604 and RRC inactive state 606 is to allow the network to be able to notify the UE of events via paging messages without having to broadcast the paging messages across the entire mobile communication network. The mobility management mechanism used in RRC idle state 604 and RRC inactive state 606 may allow the network to track the UE at the cell group level, such that the paging messages can be broadcast on the cells within the cell group in which the UE is currently resident rather than across the entire mobile communication network. The mobility management mechanisms for RRC idle state 604 and RRC inactive state 606 track the UE at the cell group level. These mobility management mechanisms may do so using different granularities of grouping. For example, there may be three levels of cell grouping granularity: individual cells; cells within a RAN area identified by a RAN area identifier (RAI); and cells within a group of RAN areas called a tracking area and identified by a tracking area identifier (TAI).

[0109] Tracking areas can be used to track the UE at the CN level. The CN (e.g., CN 102 or 5G-CN 152) can provide the UE with a list of TAIs associated with the UE registration area. If the UE moves to a cell associated with a TAI that is not included in the list of TAIs associated with the UE registration area through cell reselection, the UE can perform a registration update to the CN to allow the CN to update the UE's location and provide the UE with a new UE registration area.

[0110] RAN areas can be used to track the UE at the RAN level. For a UE in the RRC Inactive 606 state, a RAN notification area can be assigned to the UE. The RAN notification area can include a list of one or more cell identities, RAI, or TAI. In an example, a base station can belong to one or more RAN notification areas. In an example, a cell can belong to one or more RAN notification areas. If the UE moves to a cell not included in the RAN notification area assigned to the UE through cell reselection, the UE can perform a notification area update to the RAN to update the UE's RAN notification area.

[0111] The base station storing the RRC context for the UE or the UE's last serving base station can be referred to as the anchor base station. The anchor base station can maintain the RRC context for the UE at least during the period when the UE remains in the RAN notification area of the anchor base station and / or during the period when the UE remains in the RRC Inactive 606 state.

[0112] gNB, such as Figure 1B the gNB 160 in, can be divided into two parts: a central unit (gNB-CU) and one or more distributed units (gNB-DU). The gNB-CU can be coupled to one or more gNB-DUs using the F1 interface. The gNB-CU can include RRC, PDCP, and SDAP. The gNB-DU can include RLC, MAC, and PHY.

[0113] In NR, physical signals and physical channels (regarding Figure 5A and Figure 5BThe one discussed) can be mapped onto an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. OFDM is a multi-carrier communication scheme that transmits data over F orthogonal sub-carriers (or tones). Before transmission, the data can be mapped onto a series of complex symbols called source symbols (e.g., M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) symbols or M-Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) symbols), and divided into F parallel symbol streams. These F parallel symbol streams can be considered as if they were in the frequency domain and used as the input to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block that transforms them into the time domain. The IFFT block can take F source symbols at a time (one source symbol from each of the F parallel symbol streams), and use each source symbol to modulate the amplitude and phase of one of the F sine basis functions corresponding to the F orthogonal sub-carriers. The output of the IFFT block can be F time domain samples representing the sum of the F orthogonal sub-carriers. These F time domain samples can form a single OFDM symbol. After some processing (e.g., addition of a cyclic prefix) and up-conversion, the OFDM symbol provided by the IFFT block can be transmitted over the air interface at the carrier frequency. The F parallel symbol streams can be scrambled using an FFT block before being processed by the IFFT block. This operation produces a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) precoded OFDM symbol and can be used by the UE in the uplink to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The inverse processing of the OFDM symbol can be performed at the receiver using an FFT block to recover the data mapped onto the source symbols.

[0114] Figure 7 An exemplary configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped is shown. The NR frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN). The SFN can repeat with a period of 1024 frames. As shown, the duration of one NR frame can be 10 milliseconds (ms) and can include 10 sub-frames with a duration of 1 ms each. The sub-frames can be divided into time slots, which include, for example, 14 OFDM symbols per time slot.

[0115] The duration of a time slot can depend on the parameter set of the OFDM symbols used for that time slot. In NR, flexible parameter sets are supported to accommodate different cell deployments (e.g., cells with carrier frequencies below 1 GHz up to cells with carrier frequencies in the mmWave range). The parameter sets can be defined in terms of subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration. For the parameter sets in NR, the subcarrier spacing can be scaled by a power of two from a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the cyclic prefix duration can be scaled by a power of two from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 μs. For example, NR defines parameter sets with the following subcarrier spacing / cyclic prefix duration combinations: 15 kHz / 4.7 μs; 30 kHz / 2.3 μs; 60 kHz / 1.2 μs; 120 kHz / 0.59 μs; and 240 kHz / 0.29 μs.

[0116] A time slot can have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols). Parameter sets with higher subcarrier spacing have shorter time slot durations and correspondingly more time slots per subframe. Figure 7 The transmission structure of the time slot duration and time slots per subframe related to the parameter set is shown (for ease of illustration, Figure 7 the parameter set with a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz is not shown). A subframe in NR can be used as a time reference independent of the parameter set, while a time slot can be used as a unit for scheduling uplink and downlink transmissions. To support low latency, scheduling in NR can be decoupled from the time slot duration and start at any OFDM symbol and continue for as many symbols as required for transmission. These partial time slot transmissions can be referred to as mini-slot or sub-slot transmissions.

[0117] Figure 8 An exemplary configuration of a time slot in the time and frequency domains of an NR carrier is shown. The time slot includes resource elements (REs) and resource blocks (RBs). An RE is the smallest physical resource in NR. An RE spans one OFDM symbol in the time domain by one subcarrier in the frequency domain, as Figure 8 shown. An RB spans twelve consecutive REs in the frequency domain, as Figure 8 shown. An NR carrier can be limited to a width of 275 RBs or 275 × 12 = 3300 subcarriers. If this limit is used, for subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, and 120 kHz, the NR carrier can be limited to 50 MHz, 100 MHz, 200 MHz, and 400 MHz respectively, where the 400 MHz bandwidth can be set based on a bandwidth limit of 400 MHz per carrier.

[0118] Figure 8Shows a single parameter set used across the entire bandwidth of an NR carrier. In other exemplary configurations, multiple parameter sets can be supported on the same carrier.

[0119] NR can support wide carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400 MHz for a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz). Not all UEs may be able to receive the full carrier bandwidth (e.g., due to hardware limitations). Also, in terms of UE power consumption, receiving the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibitive. In an example, to reduce power consumption and / or for other purposes, a UE can adapt the size of the UE's receive bandwidth based on the traffic volume the UE plans to receive. This is referred to as bandwidth adaptation.

[0120] NR defines a bandwidth part (BWP) to support UEs that cannot receive the full carrier bandwidth and to support bandwidth adaptation. In an example, a BWP can be defined by a subset of consecutive RBs on a carrier. A UE can be configured (e.g., via the RRC layer) with one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs per serving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPs per serving cell). At a given time, one or more of the configured BWPs for a serving cell can be active. The one or more BWPs can be referred to as the active BWPs of the serving cell. When a serving cell is configured with a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell can have one or more first active BWPs in the uplink carrier and one or more second active BWPs in the secondary uplink carrier.

[0121] For unpaired spectrum, if the downlink BWP index of a downlink BWP is the same as the uplink BWP index of an uplink BWP, the downlink BWP from the set of configured downlink BWPs can be linked to the uplink BWP from the set of configured uplink BWPs. For unpaired spectrum, a UE can expect the center frequency of the downlink BWP to be the same as the center frequency of the uplink BWP.

[0122] For a downlink BWP in the set of configured downlink BWPs on a primary cell (PCell), the base station can configure a UE with one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) for at least one search space. A search space is a set of positions in the time and frequency domain where a UE can look for control information. The search space can be a UE-specific search space or a common search space (possibly usable by multiple UEs). For example, the base station can configure a common search space for a UE on the PCell or a primary-secondary cell (PSCell) in the active downlink BWP.

[0123] For an uplink BWP in a set of configured uplink BWPs, the BS may configure one or more resource sets for the UE for one or more PUCCH transmissions. The UE may receive downlink reception (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in the downlink BWP according to a set of configured parameters for the downlink BWP (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration). The UE may transmit uplink transmission (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in the uplink BWP according to a set of configured parameters (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length of the uplink BWP).

[0124] One or more BWP indicator fields may be provided in the downlink control information (DCI). The value of the BWP indicator field may indicate which BWP in the set of configured BWPs is the active downlink BWP for one or more downlink receptions. The value of the one or more BWP indicator fields may indicate the active uplink BWP for one or more uplink transmissions.

[0125] The base station may semi-statically configure a default downlink BWP for the UE within the set of configured downlink BWPs associated with the PCell. If the base station does not provide a default downlink BWP for the UE, the default downlink BWP may be the initial active downlink BWP. The UE may determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP based on the CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

[0126] The base station may configure a BWP inactivity timer value for the UE for the PCell. The UE may start or restart the BWP inactivity timer at any appropriate time. For example, the UE may start or restart the BWP inactivity timer when: (a) the UE detects DCI indicating an active downlink BWP other than the default downlink BWP for paired spectrum operation; or (b) the UE detects DCI indicating an active downlink BWP or an active uplink BWP other than the default downlink BWP or the uplink BWP for unpaired spectrum operation. If the UE does not detect DCI within a time interval (e.g., 1 ms or 0.5 ms), the UE may run the BWP inactivity timer towards expiration (e.g., incrementing from zero to the BWP inactivity timer value, or decrementing from the BWP inactivity timer value to zero). When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE may switch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.

[0127] In an example, the base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more BWPs. The UE may switch the active BWP from the first BWP to the second BWP in response to receiving DCI indicating that the second BWP is the active BWP and / or in response to the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer (e.g., in the case where the second BWP is the default BWP).

[0128] Downlink and uplink BWP switching (where BWP switching refers to switching from the current active BWP to a non-current active BWP) may be performed independently in paired spectrum. In unpaired spectrum, downlink and uplink BWP switching may be performed simultaneously. Switching may occur between the configured BWPs based on RRC signaling, DCI, the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, and / or the initiation of random access.

[0129] Figure 9 An example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs of an NR carrier is shown. A UE configured with the three BWPs may switch from one BWP to another at a handover point. In Figure 9 the example shown, the BWPs include: BWP 902, which has a bandwidth of 40 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; BWP 904, which has a bandwidth of 10 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; and BWP 906, which has a bandwidth of 20 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. BWP 902 may be the initial active BWP, and BWP 904 may be the default BWP. The UE may switch between the BWPs at the handover point. In Figure 9 the example, the UE may switch from BWP 902 to BWP 904 at handover point 908. The handover at handover point 908 may occur for any suitable reason, such as in response to the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer (indicating a handover to the default BWP) and / or in response to receiving DCI indicating that BWP 904 is the active BWP. The UE may switch from the active BWP 904 to BWP 906 at handover point 910 in response to receiving DCI indicating that BWP 906 is the active BWP. The UE may switch from the active BWP 906 to BWP 904 at handover point 912 in response to the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer and / or in response to receiving DCI indicating that BWP 904 is the active BWP. The UE may switch from the active BWP 904 to BWP 902 at handover point 914 in response to receiving DCI indicating that BWP 902 is the active BWP.

[0130] If the UE is configured with a secondary cell having a default downlink BWP and timer values in a set of configured downlink BWPs, the UE procedures for switching the BWP on the secondary cell can be the same / similar to those on the primary cell. For example, the UE can use these values of the secondary cell in the same / similar way as the UE would use the timer values and the default downlink BWP of the primary cell.

[0131] To provide higher data rates, carrier aggregation (CA) can be used to aggregate two or more carriers and transmit to / from the same UE simultaneously. The aggregated carriers in CA can be referred to as component carriers (CCs). When using CA, there are multiple serving cells for the UE, one serving cell per CC. The CCs can have three configurations in the frequency domain.

[0132] Figure 10A Three CA configurations with two CCs are shown. In the in-band contiguous configuration 1002, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (band A) and are located directly adjacent to each other within the band. In the in-band non-contiguous configuration 1004, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (band A) and are separated by a certain gap within the band. In the inter-band configuration 1006, the two CCs are in different bands (band A and band B).

[0133] In an example, up to 32 CCs can be aggregated. The aggregated CCs can have the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacings, and / or duplex schemes (TDD or FDD). The serving cells for the UE using CA can have downlink CCs. For FDD, one or more uplink CCs can optionally be configured for the serving cell. For example, when the UE has more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink, the ability to aggregate more downlink carriers than uplink carriers can be useful.

[0134] When using CA, one of the aggregated cells in the aggregated cells for a UE can be referred to as the primary cell (PCell). The PCell can be the serving cell to which the UE is initially connected at RRC connection establishment, re - establishment, and / or handover. The PCell can provide NAS mobility information and security inputs to the UE. The UE can have different PCells. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell can be referred to as the downlink primary CC (DL PCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell can be referred to as the uplink primary CC (UL PCC). Other aggregated cells for the UE can be referred to as secondary cells (SCells). In an example, an SCell can be configured after the PCell is configured for the UE. For example, an SCell can be configured through the RRC connection re - configuration procedure. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell can be referred to as the downlink secondary CC (DL SCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell can be referred to as the uplink secondary CC (UL SCC).

[0135] The configured SCell for the UE can be activated and deactivated based on, for example, traffic and channel conditions. Deactivation of an SCell can mean stopping PDCCH and PDSCH reception on the SCell, and stopping PUSCH, SRS, and CQI transmission on the SCell. MAC CE regarding Figure 4B can be used to activate and deactivate the configured SCell. For example, the MAC CE can use a bitmap (e.g., one bit per SCell) to indicate which SCells (e.g., in a subset of the configured SCells) for the UE are activated or deactivated. The configured SCell can be deactivated in response to the expiration of an SCell deactivation timer (e.g., one SCell deactivation timer per SCell).

[0136] The downlink control information of a cell (such as scheduling assignment and scheduling grant) can be transmitted on the cell corresponding to the assignment and grant, which is called self - scheduling. The DCI of a cell can be transmitted on another cell, which is called cross - carrier scheduling. The uplink control information for the aggregated cells (e.g., HARQ acknowledgments and channel state feedback such as CQI, PMI, and / or RI) can be transmitted on the PUCCH of the PCell. For a large number of aggregated downlink CCs, the PUCCH of the PCell may become overloaded. The cell can be divided into multiple PUCCH groups.

[0137] Figure 10B An example showing how the aggregated cells can be configured into one or more PUCCH groups is shown. PUCCH group 1010 and PUCCH group 1050 can each include one or more downlink CCs. In Figure 10BIn the example, PUCCH group 1010 includes three downlink CCs: PCell 1011, SCell 1012, and SCell 1013. PUCCH group 1050 includes three downlink CCs in this example: PCell 1051, SCell 1052, and SCell 1053. One or more uplink CCs may be configured as PCell 1021, SCell 1022, and SCell 1023. One or more other uplink CCs may be configured as a primary Scell (PSCell) 1061, SCell 1062, and SCell 1063. Uplink control information (UCI) (shown as UCI 1031, UCI 1032, and UCI 1033) related to the downlink CCs of PUCCH group 1010 may be transmitted on the uplink of PCell1021. Uplink control information (UCI) (shown as UCI 1071, UCI 1072, and UCI 1073) related to the downlink CCs of PUCCH group 1050 may be transmitted on the uplink of PSCell 1061. In the example, if Figure 10B the aggregated cells depicted in

[0138] are not divided into PUCCH group 1010 and PUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell transmits UCI related to the downlink CCs, and the PCell may become overloaded. By dividing the transmission of UCI between PCell 1021 and PSCell1061, overload can be prevented.

[0139] In CA, the multi-carrier nature of the PHY may be exposed to the MAC. In the example, the HARQ entity may operate on the serving cell. Transmission blocks may be generated according to the assignment / grant of each serving cell. The transmission block and potential HARQ retransmissions of the transmission block may be mapped to the serving cell.

[0140] In the downlink, the base station may transmit one or more reference signals (RSs) (e.g., unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast) to the UE (e.g., PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, and / or PT-RS, as Figure 5A shown). In the uplink, the UE may transmit one or more RSs to the base station (e.g., DMRS, PT-RS, and / or SRS, as Figure 5B shown). The PSS and SSS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to synchronize the UE with the base station. The PSS and SSS may be provided in a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block that includes the PSS, SSS, and PBCH. The base station may transmit bursts of SS / PBCH blocks periodically.

[0141] Figure 11A An example of the structure and location of the SS / PBCH block is shown. A burst of SS / PBCH blocks may include one or more SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., 4 SS / PBCH blocks, as Figure 11A shown). The burst may be transmitted periodically (e.g., every 2 frames or 20 ms). The burst may be limited to a half-frame (e.g., the first half-frame with a duration of 5 ms). It should be understood that Figure 11A are examples, and these parameters (the number of SS / PBCH blocks per burst, the period of the burst, the burst position within the frame) may be configured based on, for example: the carrier frequency of the cell in which the SS / PBCH block is transmitted; the parameter set or subcarrier spacing of the cell; the configuration by the network (e.g., using RRC signaling); or any other suitable factor. In an example, the UE may assume the subcarrier spacing of the SS / PBCH block based on the carrier frequency being monitored, unless the radio network configures the UE to assume a different subcarrier spacing.

[0142] The SS / PBCH block may span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols, as Figure 11A shown in the example), and may span one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 240 consecutive subcarriers). The PSS, SSS, and PBCH may have a common center frequency. The PSS may be transmitted first and may span, for example, 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The SSS may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., after two symbols) and may span 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The PBCH may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., spanning the next 3 OFDM symbols) and may span 240 subcarriers.

[0143] The UE may not know the position of the SS / PBCH block in the time domain and the frequency domain (e.g., in the case where the UE is searching for a cell). To find and select a cell, the UE may monitor the carrier of the PSS. For example, the UE may monitor the frequency position within the carrier. If the PSS is not detected after a certain duration (e.g., 20 ms), the UE may search for the PSS at different frequency positions within the carrier, as indicated by the synchronization raster. If the PSS is detected at a certain position in the time domain and the frequency domain, the UE may determine the positions of the SSS and the PBCH respectively based on the known structure of the SS / PBCH block. The SS / PBCH block may be a cell-defined SS block (CD-SSB). In an example, the primary cell may be associated with the CD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on the synchronization raster. In an example, cell selection / search and / or reselection may be based on the CD-SSB.

[0144] The SS / PBCH block may be used by the UE to determine one or more parameters of the cell. For example, the UE may determine the physical cell identifier (PCI) of the cell respectively based on the sequences of the PSS and the SSS. The UE may determine the position of the frame boundary of the cell based on the position of the SS / PBCH block. For example, the SS / PBCH block may indicate that it has been transmitted according to a transmission pattern, where the SS / PBCH block in the transmission pattern is a known distance from the frame boundary.

[0145] The PBCH may use QPSK modulation and may use forward error correction (FEC). The FEC may use polar coding. One or more symbols spanned by the PBCH may carry one or more DMRSs for demodulating the PBCH. The PBCH may include an indication of the current system frame number (SFN) of the cell and / or the SS / PBCH block timing index. These parameters may assist the UE in time synchronization with the base station. The PBCH may include the master information block (MIB) for providing one or more parameters to the UE. The MIB may be used by the UE to locate the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) associated with the cell. The RMSI may include the system information block type 1 (SIB1). The SIB1 may contain the information required for the UE to access the cell. The UE may use one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor the PDCCH that may be used to schedule the PDSCH. The PDSCH may include the SIB1. The parameters provided in the MIB may be used to decode the SIB1. The PBCH may indicate the absence of the SIB1. Based on the PBCH indicating the absence of the SIB1, the UE may point to a frequency. The UE may search for the SS / PBCH block at the frequency pointed to by the UE.

[0146] The UE may assume that one or more SS / PBCH blocks transmitted using the same SS / PBCH block index are quasi - co - located (QCLed) (e.g., having the same / similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and / or spatial Rx parameters). The UE may not assume QCL for SS / PBCH block transmissions with different SS / PBCH block indices.

[0147] SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., those within a half - frame) may be transmitted in a spatial direction (e.g., using different beams spanning the coverage area of the cell). In an example, the first SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, and the second SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a second spatial direction using a second beam.

[0148] In an example, within the frequency range of a carrier, the base station may transmit multiple SS / PBCH blocks. In an example, the first PCI of the first SS / PBCH block of the multiple SS / PBCH blocks may be different from the second PCI of the second SS / PBCH block of the multiple SS / PBCH blocks. The PCI of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted at different frequency positions may be different or the same.

[0149] CSI - RS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to obtain channel state information (CSI). The base station may use one or more CSI - RS to configure the UE for channel estimation or any other suitable purpose. The base station may use one or more of the same / similar CSI - RS to configure the UE. The UE may measure the one or more CSI - RS. The UE may estimate the downlink channel state and / or generate a CSI report based on the measurement of the one or more downlink CSI - RS. The UE may provide the CSI report to the base station. The base station may perform link adaptation using the feedback provided by the UE (e.g., the estimated downlink channel state).

[0150] The base station may semi - statically configure the UE using one or more CSI - RS resource sets. The CSI - RS resources may be associated with positions in the time domain and frequency domain as well as periodicity. The base station may selectively activate and / or deactivate CSI - RS resources. The base station may indicate to the UE which CSI - RS resources in the CSI - RS resource set are activated and / or deactivated.

[0151] The base station may configure the UE to report CSI measurement values. The base station may configure the UE to provide CSI reports periodically, aperiodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reports, the UE may be configured with the timing and / or period of multiple CSI reports. For aperiodic CSI reports, the base station may request a CSI report. For example, the base station may command the UE to measure the configured CSI-RS resources and provide a CSI report related to the measurement values. For semi-persistent CSI reports, the base station may configure the UE to transmit periodically and selectively activate or deactivate the periodic report. The base station may configure the UE using CSI-RS resource sets and CSI reports using RRC signaling.

[0152] The CSI-RS configuration may include one or more parameters indicating, for example, up to 32 antenna ports. The UE may be configured to use the same OFDM symbol for the downlink CSI-RS and the control resource set (CORESET) when the downlink CSI-RS and the CORESET are spatially QCLed and the resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside the physical resource blocks (PRBs) configured for the CORESET. The UE may be configured to use the same OFDM symbol for the downlink CSI-RS and the SS / PBCH block when the downlink CSI-RS and the SS / PBCH block are spatially QCLed and the resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside the PRBs configured for the SS / PBCH block.

[0153] The downlink DMRS can be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for channel estimation. For example, the downlink DMRS can be used for coherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH). The NR network can support one or more variable and / or configurable DMRS patterns for data demodulation. At least one downlink DMRS configuration can support the pre-loaded DMRS pattern. The pre-loaded DMRS can be mapped on one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). The base station can semi-statically configure the UE with the number of pre-loaded DMRS symbols (e.g., the maximum number) for the PDSCH. The DMRS configuration can support one or more DMRS ports. For example, for single-user MIMO, the DMRS configuration can support up to eight orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. For multi-user MIMO, the DMRS configuration can support up to 4 orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. The radio network can (e.g., at least for CP-OFDM) support a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, where the DMRS position, DMRS type, and / or scrambling sequence can be the same or different. The base station can transmit the downlink DMRS and the corresponding PDSCH using the same precoding matrix. The UE can use the one or more downlink DMRSs for coherent demodulation / channel estimation of the PDSCH.

[0154] In an example, the transmitter (e.g., the base station) can use a precoding matrix for a portion of the transmission bandwidth. For example, the transmitter can use a first precoding matrix for a first bandwidth and a second precoding matrix for a second bandwidth. The first precoding matrix and the second precoding matrix can be different based on the first bandwidth being different from the second bandwidth. The UE can assume the same precoding matrix is used throughout the set of PRBs. The set of PRBs can be represented as a precoding resource block group (PRG).

[0155] The PDSCH can include one or more layers. The UE can assume that at least one symbol with DMRS exists on a layer among the one or more layers of the PDSCH. The higher layer can configure up to 3 DMRSs for the PDSCH.

[0156] The downlink PT-RS can be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for phase noise compensation. Whether the downlink PT-RS exists can depend on the RRC configuration. The existence and / or pattern of the downlink PT-RS can be configured on a UE-specific basis using a combination of RRC signaling and / or an association with one or more parameters that can be indicated by DCI for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)). When configured, the dynamic existence of the downlink PT-RS can be associated with one or more DCI parameters including at least the MCS. The NR network can support multiple PT-RS densities defined in the time / frequency domain. When present, the frequency-domain density can be associated with at least one configuration of the scheduled bandwidth. The UE can employ the same precoding for the DMRS ports and the PT-RS ports. The number of PT-RS ports can be less than the number of DMRS ports in the scheduled resources. The downlink PT-RS can be restricted to the scheduled time / frequency duration of the UE. The downlink PT-RS can be transmitted on symbols to assist in phase tracking at the receiver.

[0157] The UE can transmit uplink DMRS to the base station for channel estimation. For example, the base station can use the uplink DMRS to coherently demodulate one or more uplink physical channels. For example, the UE can transmit uplink DMRS with PUSCH and / or PUCCH. The uplink DM-RS can span a frequency range similar to the frequency range associated with the corresponding physical channel. The base station can configure the UE with one or more uplink DMRS configurations. At least one DMRS configuration can support the pre-loaded DMRS mode. The pre-loaded DMRS can be mapped on one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more uplink DMRS can be configured to be transmitted at one or more symbols of PUSCH and / or PUCCH. The base station can semi-statically configure the UE with the number (e.g., the maximum number) of pre-loaded DMRS symbols of PUSCH and / or PUCCH, and the UE can use the pre-loaded DMRS symbols to schedule single-symbol DMRS and / or double-symbol DMRS. The NR network can support (e.g., for cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM)) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, where the DMRS position, DMRS pattern, and / or scrambling sequence of the DMRS can be the same or different.

[0158] The PUSCH can include one or more layers, and the UE can transmit at least one symbol with DMRS on the layer(s) present in one or more layers of the PUSCH. In an example, the higher layer can configure up to three DMRS for the PUSCH.

[0159] Depending on the RRC configuration of the UE, uplink PT-RS (which can be used by the base station for phase tracking and / or phase noise compensation) may or may not be present. The presence and / or pattern of the uplink PT-RS can be configured on a UE-specific basis by a combination of RRC signaling and / or one or more parameters that can be indicated by DCI for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)). When configured, the dynamic presence of the uplink PT-RS can be associated with one or more DCI parameters including at least MCS. The radio network can support multiple uplink PT-RS densities defined in the time / frequency domain. When present, the frequency-domain density can be associated with at least one configuration of the scheduled bandwidth. The UE can employ the same precoding for DMRS ports and PT-RS ports. The number of PT-RS ports can be less than the number of DMRS ports in the scheduled resources. For example, the uplink PT-RS can be restricted to the scheduled time / frequency duration of the UE.

[0160] The UE can transmit SRS to the base station for channel state estimation to support uplink channel-dependent scheduling and / or link adaptation. The SRS transmitted by the UE can allow the base station to estimate the uplink channel state at one or more frequencies. The scheduler at the base station can use the estimated uplink channel state to assign one or more resource blocks for uplink PUSCH transmission from the UE. The base station can configure the UE semi-statically with one or more SRS resource sets. For an SRS resource set, the base station can configure the UE with one or more SRS resources. The SRS resource set applicability can be configured by a higher-layer (e.g., RRC) parameter. For example, when the higher-layer parameter indicates beam management, the SRS resources in the one or more SRS resource sets (e.g., having the same / similar time-domain behavior, periodic, aperiodic, etc.) can be transmitted at a certain moment (e.g., simultaneously). The UE can transmit one or more SRS resources in the SRS resource set. The NR network can support aperiodic, periodic, and / or semi-persistent SRS transmission. The UE can transmit SRS resources based on one or more trigger types, where the one or more trigger types can include higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and / or one or more DCI formats. In an example, at least one DCI format can be employed for the UE to select at least one configured SRS resource set from one or more configured SRS resource sets. SRS trigger type 0 can refer to SRS triggered based on higher-layer signaling. SRS trigger type 1 can refer to SRS triggered based on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when PUSCH and SRS are transmitted in the same time slot, the UE can be configured to transmit SRS after the transmission of PUSCH and the corresponding uplink DMRS.

[0161] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE using one or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one of the following: SRS resource configuration identifier; number of SRS ports; time-domain behavior of the SRS resource configuration (e.g., indication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS); slot, mini-slot, and / or sub-frame level period; slot of the periodic and / or aperiodic SRS resource; number of OFDM symbols in the SRS resource; starting OFDM symbol of the SRS resource; SRS bandwidth; hopping bandwidth; cyclic shift; and / or SRS sequence ID.

[0162] An antenna port is defined such that the channel through which a symbol on the antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel through which another symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed. If the first symbol and the second symbol are transmitted on the same antenna port, the receiver can infer the channel for conveying the second symbol on the antenna port from the channel for conveying the first symbol on the antenna port (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, etc.). If one or more large-scale properties of the channel through which the first symbol on the first antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel through which the second symbol on the second antenna port is conveyed, the first antenna port and the second antenna port can be referred to as quasi-co-located (QCLed). The one or more large-scale properties may include at least one of the following: delay spread; Doppler spread; Doppler shift; average gain; average delay; and / or spatial receive (Rx) parameters.

[0163] Channels using beamforming require beam management. Beam management may include beam measurement, beam selection, and beam indication. A beam may be associated with one or more reference signals. For example, a beam may be identified by one or more beamformed reference signals. The UE may perform downlink beam measurement based on a downlink reference signal (e.g., channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) and generate a beam measurement report. After the RRC connection is set up by the base station, the UE may perform a downlink beam measurement procedure.

[0164] Figure 11B An example of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) mapped in the time and frequency domains is shown. Figure 11BThe square shown in [Figure] can represent resource blocks (RBs) within the bandwidth of a cell. The base station may transmit one or more RRC messages including CSI-RS resource configuration parameters indicating one or more CSI-RSs. One or more of the following parameters may be configured for the CSI-RS resource configuration by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC and / or MAC signaling): CSI-RS resource configuration identity, number of CSI-RS ports, CSI-RS configuration (e.g., symbol and resource element (RE) positions in a subframe), CSI-RS subframe configuration (e.g., subframe position, offset, and periodicity in a radio frame), CSI-RS power parameters, CSI-RS sequence parameters, code division multiplexing (CDM) type parameters, frequency density, transmission comb, quasi co-location (QCL) parameters (e.g., QCL-scrambling identity, crs-portscount, mbsfn-subframeconfiglist, csi-rs-configZPid, qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid), and / or other radio resource parameters.

[0165] Figure 11B The three beams shown can be configured for a UE in a UE-specific configuration. Figure 11B Three beams (beam #1, beam #2, and beam #3) are illustrated in [Figure], and more or fewer beams may be configured. CSI-RS 1101 may be assigned to beam #1, which may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in the RB of the first symbol. CSI-RS 1102 may be assigned to beam #2, which may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in the RB of the second symbol. CSI-RS 1103 may be assigned to beam #3, which may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in the RB of the third symbol. By using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), the base station may use other subcarriers in the same RB (e.g., those not used for transmitting CSI-RS 1101) to transmit another CSI-RS associated with a beam of another UE. By using time division multiplexing (TDM), the beams for a UE may be configured such that the beams for a UE use symbols from the beams of other UEs.

[0166] CSI-RSs, such as Figure 11BThose shown in [e.g., CSI-RS 1101, 1102, 1103] can be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for one or more measurements. For example, the UE may measure the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the configured CSI-RS resources. The base station may configure the UE using a reporting configuration, and the UE may report the RSRP measurement to the network (e.g., via one or more base stations) based on the reporting configuration. In an example, the base station may determine one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states including a plurality of reference signals based on the reported measurements. In an example, the base station may indicate one or more TCI states to the UE (e.g., via RRC signaling, MAC CE, and / or DCI). The UE may receive a downlink transmission having a receive (Rx) beam determined based on the one or more TCI states. In an example, the UE may or may not have beam correspondence capabilities. If the UE has beam correspondence capabilities, the UE may determine the spatial domain filter of the transmission (Tx) beam based on the spatial domain filter of the corresponding Rx beam. If the UE does not have beam correspondence capabilities, the UE may perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine the spatial domain filter of the Tx beam. The UE may perform the uplink beam selection procedure based on one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources configured by the base station for the UE. The base station may select and indicate the uplink beam of the UE based on measurements of one or more SRS resources transmitted by the UE.

[0167] In a beam management procedure, the UE may assess (e.g., measure) one or more beam pair links, including the beam pair links of the transmission beam transmitted by the base station and the channel quality of the receive beam received by the UE. Based on this assessment, the UE may transmit a beam measurement report indicating one or more beam pair quality parameters, the one or more beam pair quality parameters including, for example, one or more beam identifiers (e.g., beam index, reference signal index, etc.), RSRP, precoding matrix indicator (PMI), channel quality indicator (CQI), and / or rank indicator (RI).

[0168] Figure 12AIllustrates examples of three downlink beam management procedures: P1, P2, and P3. Procedure P1 can enable UE measurements of the transmission (Tx) beam of a transmission reception point (TRP) (or multiple TRPs), for example, to support the selection of one or more base station Tx beams and / or UE Rx beams (shown as ellipses in the top and bottom rows of P1, respectively). Beamforming at the TRP can include Tx beam sweeping for a set of beams (shown as ellipses rotating in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrows in the top rows of P1 and P2). Beamforming at the UE can include Rx beam sweeping for a set of beams (shown as ellipses rotating in the clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrows in the bottom rows of P1 and P3). Procedure P2 can be used to enable UE measurements of the Tx beam of the TRP (shown as an ellipse rotating in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow in the top row of P2). The UE and / or the base station can perform Procedure P2 using a smaller set of beams than the set of beams used in Procedure P1, or using beams that are narrower than the beams used in Procedure P1. This can be referred to as beam refinement. The UE can perform Procedure P3 for Rx beam determination by using the same Tx beam at the base station and sweeping the Rx beam at the UE.

[0169] Figure 12B Illustrates examples of three uplink beam management procedures: U1, U2, and U3. Procedure U1 can be used to enable the base station to perform measurements on the Tx beam of the UE, for example, to support the selection of one or more UE Tx beams and / or base station Rx beams (shown as ellipses in the top and bottom rows of U1, respectively). Beamforming at the UE can include, for example, Rx beam sweeping from a set of beams (shown as ellipses rotating in the clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrows in the bottom rows of U1 and U3). Beamforming at the base station can include, for example, Rx beam sweeping from a set of beams (shown as ellipses rotating in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrows in the top rows of U1 and U2). When the UE uses a fixed Tx beam, Procedure U2 can be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam. The UE and / or the base station can perform Procedure U2 using a smaller set of beams than the set of beams used in Procedure P1, or using beams that are narrower than the beams used in Procedure P1. This can be referred to as beam refinement. The UE can perform Procedure U3 to adjust its Tx beam when the base station uses a fixed Rx beam.

[0170] The UE may initiate a Beam Failure Recovery (BFR) procedure based on detecting a beam failure. The UE may transmit a BFR request (e.g., a preamble, UCI, SR, MAC CE, etc.) based on the initiation of the BFR procedure. The UE may detect a beam failure based on a determination that the quality of the beam pair link for an associated control channel is not satisfactory (e.g., having an error rate higher than an error rate threshold, a received signal power lower than a received signal power threshold, expiration of a timer, etc.).

[0171] The UE may measure the quality of a beam pair link using one or more reference signals (RSs), the one or more reference signals including one or more SS / PBCH blocks, one or more CSI-RS resources, and / or one or more demodulation reference signals (DMRSs). The quality of the beam pair link may be based on one or more of the following: block error rate (BLER), RSRP value, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, and / or CSI value measured on an RS resource. The base station may indicate that an RS resource is quasi co-located (QCLed) with one or more DM-RSs of a channel (e.g., a control channel, a shared data channel, etc.). The one or more DMRSs of the RS resource and the channel may be QCLed when the channel characteristics (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rx parameters, fading, etc.) from a transmission via the RS resource to the UE are similar or identical to the channel characteristics from a transmission via the channel to the UE.

[0172] The network (e.g., gNB and / or the ng-eNB of the network) and / or the UE may initiate a random access procedure. A UE in the RRC_IDLE state and / or the RRC_INACTIVE state may initiate a random access procedure to request connection setup to the network. The UE may initiate a random access procedure from the RRC_CONNECTED state. The UE may initiate a random access procedure to request uplink resources (e.g., uplink transmission for SR when no PUCCH resources are available) and / or acquire uplink timing (e.g., when the uplink synchronization state is not synchronized). The UE may initiate a random access procedure to request one or more system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g., other system information such as SIB2, SIB3, etc.). The UE may initiate a random access procedure for a beam failure recovery request. The network may initiate a random access procedure for handover and / or for establishing time alignment for SCell addition.

[0173] Figure 13A A four-step contention-based random access procedure is shown. Before initiating the procedure, the base station may transmit a configuration message 1310 to the UE. Figure 13AThe program shown includes the transmission of four messages: Msg 1 1311, Msg 2 1312, Msg 3 1313, and Msg 4 1314. Msg 1 1311 may include and / or be referred to as a preamble (or random access preamble). Msg 2 1312 may include and / or be referred to as a random access response (RAR).

[0174] The configuration message 1310 may be transmitted, for example, using one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may indicate to the UE one or more random access channel (RACH) parameters. The one or more RACH parameters may include at least one of the following: general parameters for one or more random access procedures (e.g., RACH-configGeneral); cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-ConfigCommon); and / or dedicated parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated). The base station may broadcast or multicast the one or more RRC messages to one or more UEs. The one or more RRC messages may be UE-specific (e.g., dedicated RRC messages transmitted to the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state and / or the RRC_INACTIVE state). The UE may determine the time-frequency resources and / or uplink transmission power for transmitting Msg 1 1311 and / or Msg 3 1313 based on the one or more RACH parameters. Based on the one or more RACH parameters, the UE may determine the reception timing and downlink channel for receiving Msg 2 1312 and Msg 4 1314.

[0175] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may indicate one or more physical RACH (PRACH) opportunities available for transmitting Msg 1 1311. The one or more PRACH opportunities may be predefined. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more available sets of one or more PRACH opportunities (e.g., prach-ConfigIndex). The one or more RACH parameters may indicate the association between (a) one or more PRACH opportunities and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate the association between (a) one or more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more reference signals may be SS / PBCH blocks and / or CSI-RS. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate the number of SS / PBCH blocks mapped to a PRACH opportunity and / or the number of preambles mapped to an SS / PBCH block.

[0176] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 can be used to determine the uplink transmission power of Msg 1 1311 and / or Msg3 1313. For example, the one or more RACH parameters can indicate a reference power for preamble transmission (e.g., the received target power and / or the initial power of preamble transmission). There can be one or more power offsets indicated by the one or more RACH parameters. For example, the one or more RACH parameters can indicate: a power ramp step; a power offset between SSB and CSI-RS; a power offset between the transmissions of Msg 1 1311 and Msg 3 1313; and / or a power offset value between preamble groups. The one or more RACH parameters can indicate one or more thresholds, based on which the UE can determine at least one reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) and / or an uplink carrier (e.g., a normal uplink (NUL) carrier and / or a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier).

[0177] Msg 1 1311 can include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., a preamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). The RRC message can be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and / or group B). A preamble group can include one or more preambles. The UE can determine the preamble group based on the path loss measurement value and / or the size of Msg 3 1313. The UE can measure the RSRP of one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) and determine at least one reference signal having an RSRP higher than the RSRP threshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB and / or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS). For example, if the association between the one or more preambles and the at least one reference signal is configured by the RRC message, the UE can select at least one preamble associated with the one or more reference signals and / or the selected preamble group.

[0178] The UE can determine the preamble based on the one or more RACH parameters provided in configuration message 1310. For example, the UE can determine the preamble based on path loss measurement, RSRP measurement, and / or the size of Msg 3 1313. As another example, the one or more RACH parameters can indicate: preamble format; the maximum number of preamble transmissions; and / or one or more thresholds for determining one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and group B). The base station can use the one or more RACH parameters to configure the association between one or more preambles and one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) for the UE. If this association is configured, the UE can determine the preamble included in Msg 1 1311 based on this association. Msg 1 1311 can be transmitted to the base station via one or more PRACH opportunities. The UE can use one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) to select the preamble and to determine the PRACH opportunity. One or more RACH parameters (e.g., ra-ssb-OccasionMskIndex and / or ra-OccasionList) can indicate the association between the PRACH opportunity and the one or more reference signals.

[0179] If no response is received after the preamble transmission, the UE can perform preamble retransmission. The UE can increase the uplink transmission power for preamble retransmission. The UE can select the initial preamble transmission power based on the path loss measurement value and / or the target received preamble power configured by the network. The UE can determine the retransmission preamble and can ramp up the uplink transmission power. The UE can receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g., PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP) indicating the ramp step for preamble retransmission. The ramp step can be the amount of incremental increase in the uplink transmission power for retransmission. If the UE determines the same reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) as the previous preamble transmission, the UE can ramp up the uplink transmission power. The UE can count the number of preamble transmissions and / or retransmissions (e.g., PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER). For example, if the number of preamble transmissions exceeds the threshold configured by the one or more RACH parameters (e.g., preambleTransMax), the UE can determine that the random access procedure has not been successfully completed.

[0180] Msg 2 1312 received by the UE may include a RAR. In some scenarios, Msg 2 1312 may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple UEs. Msg 2 1312 may be received after or in response to the transmission of Msg 1 1311. Msg2 1312 may be scheduled on the DL-SCH and indicated on the PDCCH using a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). Msg 2 1312 may indicate that Msg 1 1311 has been received by the base station. Msg 2 1312 may include a timing alignment command that the UE may use to adjust the UE's transmission timing, a scheduling grant for transmitting Msg 3 1313, and / or a temporary cell RNTI (TC-RNTI). After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor the PDCCH of Msg 2 1312. The UE may determine when to start the time window based on the PRACH occasion used by the UE to transmit the preamble. For example, the UE may start a time window of one or more symbols after the last symbol of the preamble (e.g., at the first PDCCH occasion starting from the end of the preamble transmission). The one or more symbols may be determined based on the parameter set. The PDCCH may be in a common search space configured by an RRC message (e.g., Type1-PDCCH common search space). The UE may identify the RAR based on a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI). The RNTI may be used depending on one or more events that initiate the random access procedure. The UE may use a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI may be associated with the PRACH occasion in which the UE transmits the preamble. For example, the UE may determine the RA-RNTI based on the following: OFDM symbol index; slot index; frequency domain index; and / or UL carrier indicator of the PRACH occasion. An example of the RA-RNTI may be as follows:

[0181] RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14×t_id + 14×80×f_id + 14×80×8×ul_carrier_id

[0182] where s_id may be the index of the first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion (e.g., 0 ≤ s_id < 14), t_id may be the index of the first slot of the PRACH occasion in the system frame (e.g., 0 ≤ t_id < 80), f_id may be the index of the PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (e.g., 0 ≤ f_id < 8), and ul_carrier_id may be the UL carrier used for preamble transmission (e.g., 0 for the NUL carrier and 1 for the SUL carrier).

[0183] The UE may transmit Msg3 1313 in response to successfully receiving Msg 2 1312 (e.g., using the resources identified in Msg 2 1312). Msg 3 1313 may be used for, e.g., Figure 13A contention resolution in the contention-based random access procedure as shown in Figure 13A . In some scenarios, multiple UEs may transmit the same preamble to the base station, and the base station may provide a RAR corresponding to the UE. If the multiple UEs decode the RAR as corresponding to themselves, a conflict may occur. Contention resolution (e.g., using Msg 3 1313 and Msg 4 1314) may be used to increase the likelihood that a UE does not incorrectly use the identity of another UE. To perform contention resolution, the UE may include a device identifier in Msg 3 1313 (e.g., the TC-RNTI included in Msg2 1312 and / or any other suitable identifier if a C-RNTI is assigned).

[0184] Msg 4 1314 may be received after or in response to the transmission of Msg 3 1313. If a C-RNTI is included in Msg 31313, the base station will address the UE on the PDCCH using the C-RNTI. If the unique C-RNTI of the UE is detected on the PDCCH, it is determined that the random access procedure has been successfully completed. If a TC-RNTI is included in Msg 3 1313 (e.g., if the UE is in the RRC_IDLE state or not otherwise connected to the base station), Msg 4 1314 will be received using the DL-SCH associated with the TC-RNTI. If the MAC PDU is successfully decoded and the MAC PDU includes a UE contention resolution identity MAC CE that matches or otherwise corresponds to the CCCH SDU transmitted (e.g., transmitted) in Msg 3 1313, the UE may determine that contention resolution is successful and / or the UE may determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed.

[0185] The UE can be configured with a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier and a normal uplink (NUL) carrier. Initial access (e.g., random access procedure) can be supported on the uplink carrier. For example, the base station can configure two separate RACH configurations for the UE: one for the SUL carrier and the other for the NUL carrier. To perform random access in a cell configured with an SUL carrier, the network can indicate which carrier (NUL or SUL) to use. For example, if the measured quality of one or more reference signals is below a broadcast threshold, the UE can determine the SUL carrier. The uplink transmission of the random access procedure (e.g., Msg 1 1311 and / or Msg 3 1313) can be retained on the selected carrier. In one or more cases, the UE can switch the uplink carrier during the random access procedure (e.g., between Msg 1 1311 and Msg 3 1313). For example, the UE can determine and / or switch the uplink carrier for Msg 1 1311 and / or Msg 3 1313 based on a clear channel assessment (e.g., listen before talk).

[0186] Figure 13B A two-step contention-free random access procedure is shown. Similar to Figure 13A the four-step contention-based random access procedure shown, the base station can transmit a configuration message 1320 to the UE before the procedure is initiated. The configuration message 1320 can be similar to the configuration message 1310 in some aspects. Figure 13B The procedure shown includes the transmission of two messages: Msg 1 1321 and Msg 2 1322. Msg 1 1321 and Msg 2 1322 can be similar to Figure 13A Msg 1 1311 and Msg 2 1312 shown respectively. As can be understood from Figure 13A and Figure 13B the contention-free random access procedure may not include messages similar to Msg 3 1313 and / or Msg 4 1314.

[0187] The contention-free random access procedure shown can be initiated for beam failure recovery, other SI requests, SCell addition, and / or handover. For example, the base station can indicate or assign a preamble to be used for Msg 1 1321 to the UE. The UE can receive an indication of the preamble (e.g., ra-PreambleIndex) from the base station via PDCCH and / or RRC. Figure 13B

[0188] ​After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor the PDCCH of the RAR. In the case of a beam failure recovery request, the base station may configure the UE with a separate time window and / or a separate PDCCH in the search space indicated by an RRC message (e.g., recoverySearchSpaceId). The UE may monitor PDCCH transmissions addressed to the Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) on the search space. In Figure 13B In the contention-free random access procedure shown, the UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed after the transmission of Msg 1 1321 and the reception of the corresponding Msg 2 1322 or in response to the transmission and the reception. For example, if the PDCCH transmission is addressed to the C-RNTI, the UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed. For example, if the UE receives an RAR that includes a preamble identifier corresponding to the preamble transmitted by the UE and / or the RAR includes a MAC sub-PDU with a preamble identifier, the UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed. The UE may determine that the response is an indication of an acknowledgement of the SI request.

[0189] Figure 13C Another two-step random access procedure is shown. Similar to Figure 13A and Figure 13B the random access procedure shown, the base station may transmit a configuration message 1330 to the UE before the procedure is initiated. The configuration message 1330 may be similar to the configuration message 1310 and / or the configuration message 1320 in some aspects. Figure 13C The procedure shown includes the transmission of two messages: Msg A 1331 and Msg B 1332.

[0190] Msg A 1331 may be transmitted by the UE in an uplink transmission. Msg A 1331 may include one or more transmissions of a preamble 1341 and / or one or more transmissions of a transport block 1342. The transport block 1342 may include content similar and / or equivalent to the content of Figure 13A the Msg3 1313 shown. The transport block 1342 may include UCI (e.g., SR, HARQ ACK / NACK, etc.). The UE may receive Msg B 1332 after or in response to the transmission of Msg A 1331. Msg B 1332 may include content similar and / or equivalent to Figure 13A and Figure 13B the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., RAR) shown and / or Figure 13A the content of the Msg 4 1314 shown.

[0191] The UE may initiate for licensed spectrum and / or unlicensed spectrumFigure 13C The two-step random access procedure in Figure 13C . The UE can determine whether to initiate the two-step random access procedure based on one or more factors. The one or more factors can be: the radio access technology being used (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.); whether the UE has a valid TA; the cell size; the RRC state of the UE; the type of spectrum (e.g., licensed and unlicensed); and / or any other suitable factors.

[0192] The UE can determine the radio resources and / or uplink transmission power of the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342 included in Msg A1331 based on the two-step RACH parameters included in the configuration message 1330. The RACH parameters can indicate the modulation and coding scheme (MCS), time-frequency resources, and / or power control of the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342. Time-frequency resources (e.g., PRACH) for the transmission of the preamble 1341 and time-frequency resources (e.g., PUSCH) for the transmission of the transport block 1342 can be multiplexed using FDM, TDM, and / or CDM. The RACH parameters can enable the UE to determine the reception timing and downlink channel for monitoring and / or receiving Msg B1332.

[0193] The transport block 1342 can include data (e.g., delay-sensitive data), the identifier of the UE, security information, and / or device information (e.g., International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)). The base station can transmit Msg B 1332 as a response to Msg A1331. Msg B 1332 can include at least one of the following: a preamble identifier; a timing advance command; a power control command; an uplink grant (e.g., radio resource assignment and / or MCS); a UE identifier for contention resolution; and / or an RNTI (e.g., C-RNTI or TC-RNTI). The UE can determine that the two-step random access procedure is successfully completed if: the preamble identifier in Msg B 1332 matches the preamble transmitted by the UE; and / or the UE identifier in Msg B 1332 matches the UE identifier in Msg A1331 (e.g., the transport block 1342).

[0194] The UE and the base station can exchange control signaling. The control signaling can be referred to as L1 / L2 control signaling and can originate from the PHY layer (e.g., layer 1) and / or the MAC layer (e.g., layer 2). The control signaling can include downlink control signaling transmitted from the base station to the UE and / or uplink control signaling transmitted from the UE to the base station.

[0195] Downlink control signaling may include: downlink scheduling assignment; uplink scheduling authorization indicating uplink radio resources and / or transmission format; slot format information; preemption indication; power control command; and / or any other suitable signaling. The UE may receive downlink control signaling in the payload transmitted by the base station on the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The payload transmitted on the PDCCH may be referred to as downlink control information (DCI). In some scenarios, the PDCCH may be a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) common to a group of UEs.

[0196] The base station may attach one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC) parity bits to the DCI to facilitate the detection of transmission errors. When the DCI is intended for a UE (or a group of UEs), the base station may scramble the CRC parity bits with the identifier of the UE (or the identifier of the group of UEs). Scrambling the CRC parity bits with the identifier may include a Modulo-2 addition (or exclusive OR operation) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. The identifier may include a 16-bit value of a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI).

[0197] The DCI may be used for different purposes. The purpose may be indicated by the type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. For example, a DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) may indicate paging information and / or a system information change notification. The P-RNTI may be pre-defined as hexadecimal "FFFE". A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) may indicate the broadcast transmission of system information. The SI-RNTI may be pre-defined as hexadecimal "FFFF". A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI) may indicate a random access response (RAR). A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) may indicate a dynamically scheduled unicast transmission and / or the triggering of PDCCH-ordered random access. A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a temporary cell RNTI (TC-RNTI) may indicate contention resolution (e.g., similar to Figure 13AMsg 3 of the shown Msg 3 1313). Other RNTIs configured by the base station for the UE may include: the configured scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI), the transmission power control PUCCH RNTI (TPC-PUCCH-RNTI), the transmission power control PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI), the transmission power control SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), the interruption RNTI (INT-RNTI), the time slot format indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), the semi-persistent CSI RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), the modulation and coding scheme cell RNTI (MCS-C-RNTI), etc.

[0198] Depending on the purpose and / or content of the DCI, the base station may transmit DCI with one or more DCI formats. For example, DCI format 0_0 may be used for the scheduling of PUSCH in the cell. DCI format 0_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with a compact DCI payload). DCI format 0_1 may be used for the scheduling of PUSCH in the cell (e.g., with a larger DCI payload than DCI format 0_0). DCI format 1_0 may be used for the scheduling of PDSCH in the cell. DCI format 1_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with a compact DCI payload). DCI format 1_1 may be used for the scheduling of PDSCH in the cell (e.g., with a larger DCI payload than DCI format 1_0). DCI format 2_0 may be used to provide a time slot format indication to a UE group. DCI format 2_1 may be used to notify a UE group of physical resource blocks and / or OFDM symbols, where the UE may assume that no transmission is expected for the UE. DCI format 2_2 may be used to transmit a transmission power control (TPC) command for PUCCH or PUSCH. DCI format 2_3 may be used to transmit a set of TPC commands for SRS transmission by one or more UEs. DCI formats with new functions may be defined in future releases. The DCI formats may have different DCI sizes or may share the same DCI size.

[0199] After scrambling the DCI with an RNTI, the base station may process the DCI with channel coding (e.g., polar coding), rate matching, scrambling, and / or QPSK modulation. The base station may map the coded and modulated DCI on resource elements used for and / or configured for the PDCCH. Based on the payload size of the DCI and / or the coverage of the base station, the base station may transmit the DCI via a PDCCH that occupies multiple consecutive control channel elements (CCEs). The number of consecutive CCEs (referred to as the aggregation level) may be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and / or any other suitable number. A CCE may include a number of resource element groups (REGs) (e.g., 6). A REG may include resource blocks in an OFDM symbol. The mapping of the coded and modulated DCI on resource elements may be based on the mapping of CCEs and REGs (e.g., CCE-to-REG mapping).

[0200] Figure 14A An example of a CORESET configuration for a bandwidth part is shown. The base station may transmit the DCI via a PDCCH on one or more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET may include time-frequency resources in which the UE attempts to decode the DCI using one or more search spaces. The base station may configure the CORESET in the time-frequency domain. In Figure 14A the example, a first CORESET 1401 and a second CORESET 1402 appear at the first symbol in a time slot. The first CORESET 1401 overlaps with the second CORESET 1402 in the frequency domain. A third CORESET 1403 appears at the third symbol in the time slot. A fourth CORESET 1404 appears at the seventh symbol in the time slot. The CORESETs may have different numbers of resource blocks in the frequency domain.

[0201] Figure 14B An example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing is shown. The CCE-to-REG mapping may be an interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of providing frequency diversity) or a non-interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of facilitating interference coordination and / or frequency-selective transmission of the control channel). The base station may perform different or the same CCE-to-REG mapping for different CORESETs. The CORESET may be associated with the CCE-to-REG mapping through RRC configuration. The CORESET may be configured with antenna port quasi-co-location (QCL) parameters. The antenna port QCL parameters may indicate the QCL information of the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) used for PDCCH reception in the CORESET.

[0202] The base station may transmit an RRC message to the UE, including configuration parameters of one or more CORESETs and one or more search space sets. The configuration parameters may indicate the association between the search space set and the CORESET. The search space set may include a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs at a given aggregation level. The configuration parameters may indicate: the number of PDCCH candidates to be monitored at each aggregation level; the PDCCH monitoring period and PDCCH monitoring pattern; one or more DCI formats to be monitored by the UE; and / or whether the search space set is a common search space set or a UE-specific search space set. The set of CCEs in the common search space set may be predefined and known to the UE. The set of CCEs in the UE-specific search space set may be configured based on the identity of the UE (e.g., C-RNTI).

[0203] As Figure 14B shown, the UE may determine the time-frequency resources of the CORESET based on the RRC message. The UE may determine the CCE-to-REG mapping (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved and / or mapping parameters) of the CORESET based on the configuration parameters of the CORESET. The UE may determine the number of search space sets configured on the CORESET (e.g., up to 10) based on the RRC message. The UE may monitor the set of PDCCH candidates according to the configuration parameters of the search space set. The UE may monitor the set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs for detecting one or more DCIs. The monitoring may include decoding one or more PDCCH candidates in the set of PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI format. The monitoring may include decoding the DCI content of one or more PDCCH candidates, which has possible (or configured) PDCCH positions, possible (or configured) PDCCH formats (e.g., the number of CCEs, the number of PDCCH candidates in the common search space, and / or the number of PDCCH candidates in the UE-specific search space), and possible (or configured) DCI formats. The decoding may be referred to as blind decoding. The UE may determine that the DCI is valid for the UE in response to a CRC check (e.g., the scrambled bits of the CRC parity bits of the DCI matching the RNTI value). The UE may process the information contained in the DCI (e.g., scheduling assignment, uplink grant, power control, slot format indication, downlink preemption, etc.).

[0204] A UE may transmit uplink control signaling (e.g., uplink control information (UCI)) to a base station. The uplink control signaling transmission may include a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment for a received DL-SCH transport block. The UE may transmit the HARQ acknowledgment after receiving the DL-SCH transport block. The uplink control signaling may include channel state information (CSI) indicating the channel quality of a physical downlink channel. The UE may transmit the CSI to the base station. Based on the received CSI, the base station may determine transmission format parameters for downlink transmission (e.g., including multi-antenna and beamforming schemes). The uplink control signaling may include a scheduling request (SR). The UE may transmit an SR indicating that uplink data is available for transmission to the base station. The UE may transmit UCI (e.g., HARQ acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK), CSI report, SR, etc.) via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The UE may transmit uplink control signaling via the PUCCH using one of several PUCCH formats.

[0205] There may be five PUCCH formats, and the UE may determine the PUCCH format based on the size of the UCI (e.g., the number of uplink symbols for UCI transmission and the number of UCI bits). PUCCH format 0 may have a length of one or two OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. If the transmission is more than one or two symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK information bits (HARQ-ACK / SR bits) with a positive or negative SR is one or two, the UE may transmit the UCI in the PUCCH resource using PUCCH format 0. PUCCH format 1 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. If the transmission is four or more symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK / SR bits is one or two, the UE may use PUCCH format 1. PUCCH format 2 may occupy one or two OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. If the transmission is more than one or two symbols and the number of UCI bits is two or more, the UE may use PUCCH format 2. PUCCH format 3 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. If the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more, and the PUCCH resource does not include an orthogonal cover code, the UE may use PUCCH format 3. PUCCH format 4 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. If the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more, and the PUCCH resource includes an orthogonal cover code, the UE may use PUCCH format 4.

[0206] The base station may transmit the configuration parameters of multiple PUCCH resource sets to the UE using, for example, RRC messages. The multiple PUCCH resource sets (e.g., up to four sets) may be configured on the uplink BWP of the cell. The PUCCH resource set may be configured with: a PUCCH resource set index; multiple PUCCH resources (e.g., pucch-Resourceid) having PUCCH resources identified by PUCCH resource identifiers; and / or multiple (e.g., maximum number) UCI information bits that the UE may transmit using one of the multiple PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. When multiple PUCCH resource sets are configured, the UE may select one PUCCH resource set (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, and / or CSI) from the multiple PUCCH resource sets based on the total bit length of the UCI information bits. If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is two or less, the UE may select the first PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "0". If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than two and less than or equal to a first configured value, the UE may select the second PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "1". If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than the first configured value and less than or equal to a second configured value, the UE may select the third PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "2". If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than the second configured value and less than or equal to a third value (e.g., 1406), the UE may select the fourth PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "3".

[0207] After determining the PUCCH resource set from the multiple PUCCH resource sets, the UE may determine the PUCCH resource for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) transmission from the PUCCH resource set. The UE may determine the PUCCH resource based on the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0 or DCI for 1_1) received on the PDCCH. The three-bit PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI may indicate one PUCCH resource out of eight PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. Based on the PUCCH resource indicator, the UE may use the PUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI to transmit UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR).

[0208] Figure 15 An example of a wireless device 1502 communicating with a base station 1504 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 may be part of a mobile communication network, such as Figure 1A the mobile communication network 100 shownFigure 1B The mobile communication network 150 or any other communication network shown. Figure 15 Only one wireless device 1502 and one base station 1504 are shown, but it should be understood that the mobile communication network may include more than one UE and / or more than one base station, which have the same or similar configurations as those Figure 15 shown.

[0209] The base station 1504 can connect the wireless device 1502 to a core network (not shown) through radio communication via an air interface (or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from the base station 1504 to the wireless device 1502 through the air interface 1506 is called the downlink, while the communication direction from the wireless device 1502 to the base station 1504 through the air interface is called the uplink. Frequency-division duplexing (FDD), time-division duplexing (TDD), and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques can be used to separate downlink transmissions from uplink transmissions.

[0210] In the downlink, the data to be sent from the base station 1504 to the wireless device 1502 can be provided to the processing system 1508 of the base station 1504. This data can be provided to the processing system 1508, for example, through the core network. In the uplink, the data to be sent from the wireless device 1502 to the base station 1504 can be provided to the processing system 1518 of the wireless device 1502. The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 can implement layer 3 and layer 2 OSI functions to process the data for transmission. Layer 2 can include, for example, the SDAP layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, and MAC layer regarding Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 3 and Figure 4A . Layer 3 can include the RRC layer regarding Figure 2B .

[0211] After being processed by the processing system 1508, the data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 can be provided to the transmission processing system 1510 of the base station 1504. Similarly, after being processed by the processing system 1518, the data to be sent to the base station 1504 can be provided to the transmission processing system 1520 of the wireless device 1502. The transmission processing system 1510 and the transmission processing system 1520 can implement layer 1 OSI functions. Layer 1 can include the PHY layer regarding Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 3 and Figure 4A . For transmission processing, the PHY layer can perform, for example, forward error correction coding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of transport channels to physical channels, modulation of physical channels, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or multi-antenna processing, etc.

[0212] At base station 1504, the receive processing system 1512 can receive an uplink transmission from wireless device 1502. At wireless device 1502, the receive processing system 1522 can receive a downlink transmission from base station 1504. The receive processing system 1512 and the receive processing system 1522 can implement layer 1 OSI functions. Layer 1 can include with respect to Figure 2A 、 Figure 2B 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4A of the PHY layer. For receive processing, the PHY layer can perform, for example, error detection, forward error correction decoding, deinterleaving, demapping of the transport channel to the physical channel, demodulation of the physical channel, MIMO or multi-antenna processing, etc.

[0213] As Figure 15 shown, wireless device 1502 and base station 1504 can include multiple antennas. The multiple antennas can be used to perform one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatial multiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO), transmit / receive diversity, and / or beamforming. In other examples, wireless device 1502 and / or base station 1504 can have a single antenna.

[0214] Processing system 1508 and processing system 1518 can be associated with memory 1514 and memory 1524, respectively. Memory 1514 and memory 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer-readable media) can store computer program instructions or code that can be executed by processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 to perform one or more of the functions discussed in this application. Although Figure 15 not shown, the transmit processing system 1510, the transmit processing system 1520, the receive processing system 1512, and / or the receive processing system 1522 can be coupled to a memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer-readable media) storing computer program instructions or code that can be executed to perform one or more of their respective functions.

[0215] Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may include one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. The one or more controllers and / or one or more processors may include, for example, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and / or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates and / or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, on-board units, or any combination thereof. Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may perform at least one of the following: signal encoding / processing, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other function that enables wireless device 1502 and base station 1504 to operate in a wireless environment.

[0216] Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may be respectively connected to one or more peripheral devices 1516 and one or more peripheral devices 1526. The one or more peripheral devices 1516 and the one or more peripheral devices 1526 may include software and / or hardware that provide features and / or functions, such as speakers, microphones, keyboards, displays, touchpads, power supplies, satellite transceivers, universal serial bus (USB) ports, hands-free headsets, frequency modulation (FM) radio units, media players, Internet browsers, electronic control units (e.g., for motor vehicles), and / or one or more sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, temperature sensors, radar sensors, lidar sensors, ultrasonic sensors, light sensors, cameras, etc.). Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may receive user input data from the one or more peripheral devices 1516 and / or the one or more peripheral devices 1526 and / or provide user output data to the one or more peripheral devices described above. The processing system 1518 in the wireless device 1502 may receive power from a power supply and / or may be configured to distribute power to other components in the wireless device 1502. The power supply may include one or more power sources, such as batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, or any combination thereof. Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may be respectively connected to GPS chipset 1517 and GPS chipset 1527. GPS chipset 1517 and GPS chipset 1527 may be configured to provide the geographical location information of wireless device 1502 and base station 1504, respectively.

[0217] Figure 16AAn exemplary structure for uplink transmission is shown. The baseband signal representing the physical uplink shared channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may include at least one of the following: scrambling; modulating the scrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols; mapping the complex-valued modulated symbols to one or more transport layers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols; precoding of complex-valued symbols; mapping of precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements; generating a complex-valued time-domain single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signal for an antenna port; and so on. In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, an SC-FDMA signal for uplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transform precoding is not enabled, a CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission may be generated by Figure 16A These functions are shown as examples, and it is expected that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0218] Figure 16B An exemplary structure for modulating and up-converting a baseband signal to a carrier frequency is shown. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal of an antenna port and / or a complex-valued physical random access channel (PRACH) baseband signal. Filtering may be employed before transmission.

[0219] Figure 16C An exemplary structure for downlink transmission is shown. The baseband signal representing the physical downlink channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may include: scrambling the coded bits in the codeword to be transmitted on the physical channel; modulating the scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulated symbols; mapping the complex-valued modulated symbols to one or more transport layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulated symbols on the layer for transmission on an antenna port; mapping the complex-valued modulated symbols for an antenna port to resource elements; generating a complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for an antenna port; and so on. These functions are shown as examples, and it is expected that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0220] Figure 16D Another exemplary structure for modulating and up-converting a baseband signal to a carrier frequency is shown. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal of an antenna port. Filtering may be employed before transmission.

[0221] A wireless device may receive one or more messages (e.g., RRC messages) from a base station that include configuration parameters for a plurality of cells (e.g., a primary cell, a secondary cell). The wireless device may communicate with at least one base station (e.g., two or more base stations in dual connectivity) via the plurality of cells. The one or more messages (e.g., as part of the configuration parameters) may include parameters for configuring the wireless device for the physical layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PCDP layer, SDAP layer, and RRC layer. For example, the configuration parameters may include parameters for configuring physical layer and MAC layer channels, bearers, etc. For example, the configuration parameters may include parameters indicating values of timers for the physical layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PCDP layer, SDAP layer, RRC layer, and / or communication channels.

[0222] Once started, a timer may begin to run and continue to run until it is stopped or until it expires. If the timer is not running, it may be started, or if it is running, it may be restarted. A timer may be associated with a value (e.g., the timer may start or restart from a certain value, or may start from zero and expire once it reaches that value). The duration of the timer may not be updated until the timer is stopped or expires (e.g., due to a BWP switch). A timer may be used to measure the time period / window of a process. When the specification refers to implementations and procedures related to one or more timers, it should be understood that there are multiple ways to implement the one or more timers. For example, it should be understood that one or more of the multiple ways to implement a timer may be used to measure the time period / window of a procedure. For example, a random access response window timer may be used to measure the time window for receiving a random access response. In an example, instead of starting and expiring a random access response window timer, the time difference between two timestamps may be used. When the timer is restarted, the measurement process of the time window may be restarted. Other exemplary implementations may be provided to restart the measurement of the time window.

[0223] Figure 17 An example of device-to-device (D2D) communication is shown, in which there is direct communication between wireless devices. In the example, D2D communication may be performed via a sidelink (SL). Wireless devices may exchange sidelink communication via a sidelink interface (e.g., a PC5 interface). A sidelink is different from an uplink (where a wireless device communicates with a base station) and a downlink (where a base station communicates with a wireless device). Wireless devices and base stations may exchange uplink and / or downlink communication via a user plane interface (e.g., a Uu interface). [[ID=!]]

[0224] As shown in the figure, wireless device #1 and wireless device #2 can be in the coverage area of base station #1. For example, both wireless device #1 and wireless device #2 can communicate with base station #1 via the Uu interface. Wireless device #3 can be in the coverage area of base station #2. Base station #1 and base station #2 can share a network and can jointly provide a network coverage area. Wireless device #4 and wireless device #5 can be outside the network coverage area.

[0225] In-coverage D2D communication can be performed when two wireless devices share a network coverage area. Both wireless device #1 and wireless device #2 are in the coverage area of base station #1. Therefore, they can perform in-coverage intra-cell D2D communication labeled as sidelink A. Wireless device #2 and wireless device #3 are in the coverage areas of different base stations but share the same network coverage area. Therefore, they can perform in-coverage inter-cell D2D communication labeled as sidelink B. When one wireless device is within the network coverage area and other wireless devices are outside the network coverage area, partial-coverage D2D communication can be performed. Wireless device #3 and wireless device #4 can perform partial-coverage D2D communication labeled as sidelink C. When both of the two wireless devices are outside the network coverage area, out-of-coverage D2D communication can be performed. Wireless device #4 and wireless device #5 can perform out-of-coverage D2D communication labeled as sidelink D.

[0226] Physical channels can be used to configure sidelink communication. For example, Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), and / or Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH). A first wireless device can use the PSBCH to send broadcast information to a second wireless device. The PSBCH may be similar to the PBCH in some aspects. The broadcast information may include, for example, slot format indication, resource pool information, sidelink system frame number, or any other suitable broadcast information. A first wireless device can use the PSFCH to send feedback information to a second wireless device. The feedback information may include, for example, HARQ feedback information. A first wireless device can use the PSDCH to send discovery information to a second wireless device. Wireless devices can use the discovery information to signal their presence and / or service availability to other wireless devices in the area. A first wireless device can use the PSCCH to send sidelink control information (SCI) to a second wireless device. The PSCCH may be similar to the PDCCH and / or PUCCH in some aspects. The control information may include, for example, time / frequency resource allocation information (RB size, number of retransmissions, etc.), demodulation-related information (DMRS, MCS, RV, etc.), identification information for the transmitting wireless device and / or receiving wireless device, process identifier (HARQ, etc.), or any other suitable control information. The PSCCH can be used to allocate, prioritize, and / or reserve sidelink resources for sidelink transmission. A first wireless device can use the PSSCH to send and / or relay data and / or network information to a second wireless device. The PSSCH may be similar to the PDSCH and / or PUSCH in some aspects. Each sidelink channel may be associated with one or more demodulation reference signals. Sidelink operation can utilize sidelink synchronization signals to establish the timing of sidelink operation. A wireless device configured for sidelink operation can, for example, transmit a sidelink synchronization signal using the PSBCH. The sidelink synchronization signal may include a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS).

[0227] Sidelink resources can be configured to wireless devices in any suitable manner. The wireless devices can be pre-configured for sidelink, for example, pre-configured with sidelink resource information. Additionally or alternatively, the network can broadcast system information related to the resource pool for sidelink. Additionally or alternatively, the network can configure a specific wireless device with a dedicated sidelink configuration. The configuration can identify the sidelink resources to be used for sidelink operation (e.g., configure sidelink band combination).

[0228] A wireless device can operate in different modes, for example, a secondary mode (which can be referred to as Mode 1) or an autonomous mode (which can be referred to as Mode 2). The mode selection can be based on the coverage status of the wireless device, the radio resource control status of the wireless device, information and / or instructions from the network, and / or any other suitable factors. For example, if the wireless device is in an idle or inactive state, or if the wireless device is outside the network coverage, the wireless device can choose to operate in the autonomous mode. For example, if the wireless device is in a connected mode (e.g., connected to a base station), the wireless device can choose to operate in the secondary mode (or operate under the instruction of the base station). For example, the network (e.g., the base station) can instruct the connected wireless device to operate in a specific mode.

[0229] In the secondary mode, the wireless device can request scheduling from the network. For example, the wireless device can send a scheduling request to the network, and the network can allocate sidelink resources to the wireless device. The secondary mode can be referred to as a network-assisted mode, a gNB-assisted mode, or a base-station-assisted mode. In the autonomous mode, the wireless device can select sidelink resources based on measurements within one or more resource pools (e.g., pre-configured or network-allocated resource pools), sidelink resource selections made by other wireless devices, and / or the sidelink resource usage of other wireless devices.

[0230] To select sidelink resources, the wireless device can observe a sensing window and a selection window. During the sensing window, the wireless device can use the sidelink resource pool to observe the SCI transmitted by other wireless devices. The SCI can identify the resources that can be used and / or reserved for sidelink transmissions. Based on the resources identified in the SCI, the wireless device can select resources (e.g., resources different from those identified in the SCI) within the selection window. The wireless device can use the selected sidelink resources for transmission.

[0231] Figure 18 An example of a resource pool for sidelink operation is shown. The wireless device can operate using one or more sidelink cells. A sidelink cell can include one or more resource pools. Each resource pool can be configured to operate according to a specific mode (e.g., secondary or autonomous). The resource pool can be divided into resource units. In the frequency domain, each resource unit can include, for example, one or more resource blocks that can be referred to as sub-channels. In the time domain, each resource unit can include, for example, one or more time slots, one or more sub-frames, and / or one or more OFDM symbols. The resource pool can be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain and / or the time domain (e.g., including continuous resource units or discontinuous resource units). The resource pool can be divided into repeated resource pool portions. The resource pool can be shared among one or more wireless devices. For example, each wireless device can attempt to use different resource units for transmission to avoid collisions.

[0232] The sidelink resource pool can be arranged in any suitable manner. In the figure, an exemplary resource pool is non - contiguous in the time domain and limited to a single sidelink BWP. In the exemplary resource pool, the frequency resources are divided into Nf resource units per time unit, numbered from zero to Nf - 1. The exemplary resource pool can include multiple parts (non - contiguous in the example) that repeat every k time units. In the figure, the time resources are numbered as n, n + 1…n + k, n + k + 1…etc.

[0233] The wireless device can select one or more resource units from the resource pool for transmission. In the exemplary resource pool, the wireless device selects the resource unit (n,0) for sidelink transmission. The wireless device can also select periodic resource units in a later part of the resource pool, e.g., the resource unit (n + k,0), the resource unit (n + 2k,0), the resource unit (n + 3k,0), etc. This selection can be based on, for example, the determination that the transmission using the resource unit (n,0) will not (or is unlikely to) conflict with the sidelink transmissions of wireless devices sharing the sidelink resource pool. This determination can be based on, for example, the behavior of other wireless devices sharing the resource pool. For example, if no sidelink transmission is detected in the resource unit (n - k,0), the wireless device can select the resource unit (n,0), the resource (n + k,0), etc. For example, if a sidelink transmission from another wireless device is detected in the resource unit (n - k,1), the wireless device can avoid selecting the resource unit (n,1), the resource (n + k,1), etc.

[0234] Different sidelink physical channels can use different resource pools. For example, the PSCCH can use a first resource pool, and the PSSCH can use a second resource pool. Different resource priorities can be associated with different resource pools. For example, data associated with a first QoS, service, priority, and / or other characteristics can use the first resource pool, and data associated with a second QoS, service, priority, and / or other characteristics can use the second resource pool. For example, the network (e.g., the base station) can configure a priority level for each resource pool, configure the supported services for each resource pool, etc. For example, the network (e.g., the base station) can configure a first resource pool for unicast UEs, a second resource pool for multicast UEs, etc. For example, the network (e.g., the base station) can configure a first resource pool for transmitting sidelink data, a second resource pool for transmitting discovery messages, etc.

[0235] Figure 19A and Figure 19BAn exemplary sidelink transmission is shown. In the example, the sidelink transmission can be transmitted via sidelink time slots in the time domain. In the example, a wireless device may have data to be transmitted via the sidelink. The wireless device can split the data into one or more transport blocks (TBs). One or more TBs can include different data segments. A TB in one or more TBs can be a data packet. The wireless device can transmit a TB (e.g., a data packet) in one or more TBs via one or more sidelink transmissions (e.g., via one or more sidelink time slots). In the example, the sidelink transmission (e.g., via the sidelink time slot) can include sidelink control information (SCI). The sidelink transmission can further include a first TB. The SCI can include a first-level SCI and a second-level SCI. A control channel (e.g., PSCCH) of the sidelink transmission can carry the first-level SCI for transmitting sidelink scheduling information. A shared channel (e.g., PSSCH) of the sidelink transmission can carry the second-level SCI. The shared channel of the sidelink transmission can further carry the first TB. In the example, the sidelink transmission can further include a guard time (see GT in Figure 19B and a feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH). One or more HARQ feedbacks (e.g., ACK and / or NACK) can be transmitted via the PSFCH. In the example, the PSCCH, PSSCH, and PSFCH can have different numbers of subchannels (e.g., different numbers of frequency resources) in the frequency domain.

[0236] The first-level SCI can be SCI format 1-A. SCI format 1-A can include multiple fields for scheduling the first TB on the PSSCH and the second-level SCI on the PSSCH. The following information can be transmitted via SCI format 1-A:

[0237] - The priority of the sidelink transmission. For example, the priority can be the physical layer (e.g., layer 1) priority of the sidelink transmission. For example, the priority can be determined based on the logical channel priority of the sidelink transmission;

[0238] - The frequency resource assignment of the PSSCH;

[0239] - The time resource assignment of the PSSCH;

[0240] - The resource reservation period of the second TB;

[0241] - The demodulation reference signal (DMRS) mode;

[0242] - The format of the second-level SCI;

[0243] - The Beta_offset indicator;

[0244] - The DMRS port number;

[0245] - Modulation and coding scheme for PSSCH;

[0246] - Additional MCS table indicator;

[0247] - PSFCH overhead indication; and / or

[0248] - Reserved bits.

[0249] The second-level SCI can be SCI format 2-A. When the HARQ-ACK information includes ACK or NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-A can be used to decode the PSSCH using HARQ operations. SCI format 2-A can include multiple fields indicating the following information:

[0250] - HARQ process number;

[0251] - New data indicator;

[0252] - Redundancy version;

[0253] - Source ID of the transmitter (e.g., transmitting wireless device) for sidelink transmission;

[0254] - Destination ID of the receiver (e.g., receiving wireless device) for sidelink transmission;

[0255] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator;

[0256] - Broadcast type indicator indicating whether the sidelink transmission is broadcast, multicast, and / or unicast; and / or

[0257] - CSI request.

[0258] The second-level SCI can be SCI format 2-B. When the HARQ-ACK information includes only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-B can be used to decode the PSSCH using HARQ operations. SCI format 2-B can include multiple fields indicating the following information:

[0259] - HARQ process number;

[0260] - New data indicator;

[0261] - Redundancy version;

[0262] - Source ID of the transmitter (e.g., transmitting wireless device) for sidelink transmission;

[0263] - Destination ID of the receiver (e.g., receiving wireless device) for sidelink transmission;

[0264] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator;

[0265] - Region ID indicating the region where the transmitter (e.g., transmitting wireless device) of the sidelink transmission is geographically located; and / or

[0266] - Communication range requirement indicating the communication range of the sidelink transmission.

[0267] Figure 20 An example of resource indication for the first TB (e.g., the first data packet) and resource reservation for the second TB (e.g., the second data packet) is shown. The SCI for the initial transmission (e.g., the first transmission) and / or retransmission of the first TB may include one or more first parameters (e.g., frequency resource assignment and time resource assignment), and the one or more first parameters indicate one or more first time and frequency (T / F) resources for the transmission and / or retransmission of the first TB. The SCI may further include one or more second parameters (e.g., resource reservation period), and the one or more second parameters indicate the reservation period of one or more second T / F resources for the initial transmission and / or retransmission of the second TB.

[0268] In the example, in response to triggering a resource selection procedure, the wireless device may select one or more first T / F resources for the initial transmission and / or retransmission of the first TB. As Figure 20 shown, the wireless device may select three resources for transmitting the first TB. The wireless device may transmit the initial transmission of the first TB via the first of the three resources (see, for example, the initial Tx of the first TB in Figure 20 . The wireless device may transmit the first retransmission of the first TB via the second of the three resources (see, for example, the first re-Tx in Figure 20 . The wireless device may transmit the second retransmission of the first TB via the third of the three resources (see, for example, the second re-Tx in Figure 20 . The duration between the start time of the initial transmission of the first TB and the second retransmission of the first TB may be less than or equal to 32 sidelink time slots (e.g., Figure 20in which T ≤ 32 time slots). The first SCI may be associated with the initial transmission of the first TB. The first SCI may indicate first T / F resources for the initial transmission of the first TB, the first retransmission of the first TB, and the second retransmission of the first TB. The first SCI may further indicate a reservation period for resource reservation for the second TB. The second SCI may be associated with the first retransmission of the first TB. The second SCI may indicate a second T / F resource indication for the first retransmission of the first TB and the second retransmission of the first TB. The second SCI may further indicate a reservation period for resource reservation for the second TB. The third SCI may be associated with the second retransmission of the first TB. The third SCI may indicate a third T / F resource indication for the second retransmission of the first TB. The third SCI may further indicate a reservation period for resource reservation for the second TB.

[0269] Figure 21 and Figure 22 shows an example of configuration information for sidelink communication. In the example, the base station may transmit one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages to the wireless device for delivering configuration information for sidelink communication. The configuration information may include the field sl-UE-SelectedConfigRP. The parameter sl-ThresPSSCH-RSRP-List in the field may indicate a list of 64 thresholds. In the example, the wireless device may receive first sidelink control information (SCI) indicating a first priority. The wireless device may have second SCI to be transmitted. The second SCI may indicate a second priority. The wireless device may select a threshold from a list based on the first priority in the first SCI and the second priority in the second SCI. Refer to Figure 26In the second exclusion, the wireless device may exclude resources from the candidate resource set based on a threshold. Parameters in the field (such as sl-MaxNumPerReserve) may indicate the maximum number of reserved PSCCH / PSSCH resources indicated in the SCI. Parameters in the field (such as sl-MultiReserveResource) may indicate whether it is allowed to reserve sidelink resources for the initial transmission of a TB based on the sensing and resource selection procedures, via the SCI associated with different TBs. Parameters (such as sl-ResourceReservePeriodList) may indicate a set of possible resource reservation periods allowed in the resource pool (e.g., SL-ResourceReservedPeriod). Up to 16 values may be configured per resource pool. Parameters (such as sl-RS-ForSensing) may indicate whether the DMRS of the PSCCH or PSSCH is used for layer 1 (e.g., physical layer) RSRP measurements in the sensing operation. Parameters (such as sl-SensingWindow) may indicate the start of the sensing window. Parameters (such as sl-SelectionWindowList) may indicate the end of the selection window in the resource selection procedure for a TB relative to the priority indicated in the SCI. The value n1 may correspond to 1*2μ, the value n5 corresponds to 5*2μ, and so on, where μ = 0, 1, 2, 3 corresponds to subcarrier spacings (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, and 120 kHz, respectively. Parameters (such as SL-SelectionWindowConfig) may indicate the mapping between the sidelink priority (e.g., sl-Priority) and the end of the selection window (e.g., sl-SelectionWindow).

[0270] The configuration information may include a parameter (such as sl-PreemptionEnable) that indicates whether sidelink preemption is disabled or enabled in the resource pool. For example, if sidelink preemption is enabled, a priority level (such as p_preemption) may be configured. For example, if sidelink preemption is enabled but p_preemption is not configured, sidelink preemption may apply to all priority levels.

[0271] The configuration information may include a parameter (such as sl-TxPercentageList) that indicates a portion of the candidate single-slot PSSCH resources on the total resources. For example, the value p20 may correspond to 20%, and so on. A parameter (such as SL-TxPercentageConfig) may indicate the mapping between the sidelink priority (e.g., sl-Priority) and this portion of the candidate single-slot PSSCH resources on the total resources (e.g., sl-TxPercentage).

[0272] Figure 23 An exemplary format of the MAC sub-header of the sidelink shared channel (SL-SCH) is shown. The MAC sub-header of the SL-SCH may include seven header fields V / R / R / R / R / SCR / DST. The shown MAC sub-header is octet-aligned. For example, the V field may be a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format version number field indicating which version of the SL-SCH sub-header is used. For example, the SRC field may carry a 16-bit source layer 2 identifier (ID) field that is set to the first identifier provided by the upper layer. For example, the DST field may carry an 8-bit destination layer 2 ID that is set to the second identifier provided by the upper layer. In an example, if the V field is set to "1", the second identifier may be a unicast identifier. In an example, if the V field is set to "2", the second identifier may be a multicast identifier. In an example, if the V field is set to "3", the second identifier may be a broadcast identifier. For example, the R field may indicate reserved bits.

[0273] Figure 24 An exemplary timing of the resource selection procedure is shown. The wireless device may execute a resource selection procedure to select radio resources for sidelink transmission. As Figure 24 shown, the sensing window of the resource selection procedure may start at time (n-T[0]) (e.g., parameter sl-SensingWindow). The sensing window may end at time (n-T proc,0 ). The wireless device may receive new data for sidelink transmission at time (n-T proc,0 ). The time period T proc,0 may be the processing delay for the wireless device to determine to trigger the resource selection procedure. The wireless device may determine to trigger the resource selection procedure at time n so as to select radio resources for the new data arriving at time (n-T[[ID=!7]] proc,0 ).

[0274] The wireless device may complete the resource selection procedure at time (n + T1). The wireless device may determine the parameter T1 based on the capabilities of the wireless device. The capabilities of the wireless device may be the processing delay of the processor of the wireless device. The selection window of the resource selection procedure may start at time (n + T1). The selection window may end at time (n + T2). The time min(n + T2, PDB) may define the end of the selection window. The wireless device may determine the parameter T2 based on the parameter T2min (e.g., sl-SelectionWindow). In an example, the wireless device may determine the parameter T2 such that T2min ≤ T2 ≤ PDB. PDB (Packet Delay Budget) may be the maximum allowable delay (e.g., delay budget) for successfully transmitting new data via sidelink transmission. The wireless device may determine the parameter T2min as the corresponding value for the priority of sidelink transmission (e.g., based on the parameter SL-SelectionWindowConfig indicating the mapping between the sidelink priority sl-Priority and the end of the selection window sl-SelectionWindow). In an example, if the parameter T2min > PDB, the wireless device may set the parameter T2 = PDB.

[0275] Figure 25 An exemplary timing of the resource selection procedure is shown. The wireless device may perform a resource selection procedure to select radio resources for sidelink transmission. Figure 24 Figure 24 , the initially selected sensing window may start at time (n - T0). The initially selected sensing window may end at time (n - T proc,0 ). New data for sidelink transmission may arrive at the wireless device at time (n - T proc,0 ). The time period T proc,0 may be the processing delay for the wireless device to determine to trigger the initial selection of radio resources. The wireless device may determine to trigger the initial selection at time n so as to select radio resources for the new data arriving at time (n - T proc,0 ). The wireless device may complete the resource selection procedure at time (n + T1). The time (n + T proc,1 ) may be the maximum allowable processing waiting time for completing the resource selection procedure triggered at time n, where 0 < T1 ≤ T proc,1The initially selected selection window can start at time (n + T1). The initially selected selection window can end at time min(n + T2, PDB). PDB (packet delay budget) can be the maximum allowable delay for transmission on the sidelink (e.g., the delay budget). min(n + T2, PDB) can indicate the smaller value between (n + T2) and PDB. Time (n + T2) can define the end of the selection window. The parameter T2 can be configured, pre-configured, or determined at the wireless device.

[0276] The wireless device can determine a first radio resource for sidelink transmission based on a resource selection procedure. The resource selection procedure can be completed at time (n + T1). The wireless device can select the first radio resource from candidate radio resources. The candidate radio resources can be located within the initially selected selection window. The selection can be based on measurements performed during the initially selected sensing window.

[0277] The wireless device can determine a resource conflict between the first radio resource and other radio resources (e.g., resources reserved by another wireless device). The wireless device can determine to discard the first radio resource, e.g., to reduce interference. The wireless device can trigger a resource reselection procedure (e.g., a second resource selection procedure). The triggering can be based on: the determination of the resource conflict, and / or the determination to discard the first radio resource. Based on the resource reselection procedure, the wireless device can determine a second radio resource (e.g., the resource reselected after the resource reselection in Figure 25 . The start time of the second radio resource can be time m. The time period T3 can be the processing delay for the wireless device to complete the resource reselection procedure (e.g., the second resource selection procedure). The resource reselection procedure can start at time (m - T3) and / or before time (m - T3).

[0278] In an example, at least one of the time parameters T0, T proc,0 , T proc,1 , T2, and PDB can be configured by the base station for the wireless device. In an example, at least one of the time parameters T0, T proc,0 , T proc,1 , T2, and PDB can be pre-configured for the wireless device. The time parameters T0, T proc,0 , T proc,1 , T2, and PDB can be stored in the memory of the wireless device. In an example, the memory can be a subscriber identity module (SIM) card.

[0279] Figure 26 An exemplary flowchart of a resource selection procedure for a wireless device to transmit a TB (e.g., a data packet) via the sidelink is shown. Figure 27Example diagram showing the resource selection procedure between the layers of a wireless device.

[0280] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 , the wireless device may transmit one or more sidelink transmissions for transmitting a TB (e.g., a first transmission of the TB and one or more retransmissions of the TB). Reference Figure 19A and Figure 19B , a sidelink transmission in one or more sidelink transmissions may include a PSCCH. A sidelink transmission may include a PSSCH. A sidelink transmission may include a PSFCH. The wireless device may trigger a resource selection procedure for transmitting a TB. The resource selection procedure may include two actions. The first action of the two actions may be a resource evaluation action. The physical layer (e.g., layer 1) of the wireless device may perform the first action. The physical layer may determine a resource subset based on the first action and report the resource subset to a higher layer (e.g., RRC layer and / or MAC layer) of the wireless device. The second action of the two actions may be a resource selection action. The higher layer (e.g., RRC layer and / or MAC layer) of the wireless device may perform the second action based on the resource subset reported from the physical layer.

[0281] In an example, a higher layer (e.g., RRC layer and / or MAC layer) of the wireless device may trigger a resource selection procedure that requests the wireless device to determine a resource subset. The higher layer may select a resource from a resource subset for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmission. To trigger the resource selection procedure, for example, in time slot n, the higher layer may provide the following parameters for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmission:

[0282] - Resource pool from which the wireless device may determine a resource subset;

[0283] - Layer 1 priority prio of PSSCH / PSCCH transmission TX (e.g., reference Figure 21 and Figure 22 's sl-Priority);

[0284] - Remaining packet delay budget (PDB) for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmission;

[0285] - Multiple subchannels L for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmission in a time slot subCH ; and / or

[0286] - Resource reservation interval P rsvp_TX , in milliseconds (ms).

[0287] In an example, if a higher layer requests a wireless device to determine a subset of resources (from which the higher layer will select resources for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmissions for re-evaluation and / or pre-emption), the higher layer may provide a set of resources (r0, r1, r2, …) that may be subject to re-evaluation and a set of resources (r0′, r1′, r2′, …) that may be subject to pre-emption.

[0288] In an example, a base station (e.g., a network) may transmit a message including one or more parameters to a wireless device for performing a resource selection procedure. The message may be an RRC / SIB message, a MAC CE, and / or a DCI. In an example, a second wireless device may transmit a message including one or more parameters to the wireless device for performing a resource selection procedure. The message may be an RRC message, a MAC CE, and / or an SCI. The one or more parameters may indicate the following information:

[0289] -t2min_SelectionWindow (e.g., referring to Figure 21 and Figure 22 's sl-SelectionWindow): For a given value prio TX , an internal parameter T2min (e.g., referring to Figure 21 and Figure 22 's T2min) may be set to a value corresponding to the parameter t2min_SelectionWindow (e.g., based on Figure 24 's SL-SelectionWindowConfig);

[0290] -SL-ThresRSRP_pi_pj (e.g., referring to Figure 21 and Figure 22 's sl-ThresPSSCH-RSRP-List): The parameter may indicate the RSRP threshold for each combination (p i , p j ), where p i is the value of the priority field in the received SCI format 1-A, and p j is the priority of the wireless device's sidelink transmission (e.g., PSSCH / PSCCH transmission); in an example of the resource selection procedure, the call to p j may be p j = prio TX ;

[0291] -RSforSensing (e.g., referring to Figure 21 and Figure 22(sl-RS-ForSensing): The parameter can indicate whether the DMRS of PSCCH or PSSCH is used by the wireless device for layer 1 (e.g., physical layer) RSRP measurement in the sensing operation;

[0292] - sl-ResourceReservePeriodList (e.g., refer to Figure 21 and Figure 22 for the sl-ResourceReservePeriodList);

[0293] - t0_SensingWindow (e.g., refer to Figure 21 and Figure 22 for the sl-SensingWindow): The internal parameter T0 can be defined as the number of time slots corresponding to t0_SensingWindow ms;

[0294] - sl-xPercentage (e.g., based on refer to Figure 21 and Figure 22 for the SL-TxPercentageConfig): The internal parameter X (e.g., refer to TX (e.g., refer to Figure 21 and Figure 22 for the sl-Priority) for a given prio Figure 21 and Figure 22 for the sl-TxPercentage) can be defined as the sl-xPercentage (prio TX ) converted from percentage to ratio; and / or

[0295] - p_preemption (e.g., refer to Figure 21 and Figure 22 for the p_preemption): The internal parameter prio pre can be set to the parameter p_preemption provided by the higher layer.

[0296] The resource reservation interval P rsvp_TX (if provided) can be converted from the unit ms to the logical time slot unit, resulting in P r ′ svp_TX .

[0297] Note: can represent a set of time slots of the sidelink resource.

[0298] In the resource evaluation action (e.g., Figure 26In the first action in t0_SensingWindow, the wireless device may determine the sensing window based on triggering the resource selection procedure (e.g., based on t0_SensingWindow). Figure 24 and Figure 25 The wireless device may determine the selection window based on triggering the resource selection procedure (e.g., based on t2min_SelectionWindow). Figure 24 and Figure 25 The wireless device may determine one or more reservation periods for resource reservation (e.g., parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList). In an example, the candidate single-slot resource R for transmission is x,y can be defined as a set of L subCH Continuous subchannel, subchannel x+j in time slot where j = 0, ..., L subCH -1. The wireless device can assume a set of L in the resource pool within the time interval [n+T1, n+T2] subCH The consecutive subchannels correspond to a candidate single-slot resource (e.g., Figure 24 and Figure 25 The total number of candidate single-slot resources can be represented by M total In the example, refer to Figure 24 and Figure 25 , the sensing window can be represented by the duration [n–T0,n–T proc,0 ] is defined by the number of time slots in the sidelink resource pool. The wireless device may monitor a first subset of time slots of the sidelink resource pool within the sensing window. Due to half-duplex, the wireless device may not monitor a second subset of time slots, but rather the first subset of time slots. The wireless device may perform the following actions based on the decoded PSCCH and the measured RSRP in the first subset of time slots. In the example, for a time slot equal to prio TX The value of p j and priority value p i , internal parameter Th(p i ) can be set to a value corresponding to the parameter SL-ThresRSRP_pi_pj.

[0299] refer to Figure 26 and Figure 27 , in resource evaluation actions (e.g., Figure 26 In the first action in , the wireless device may set the candidate resource set (eg, set S A ) is initialized as a candidate resource set. In an example, the candidate resource set may be a union of candidate resources within the selection window. In an example, the candidate resource may be a candidate single subframe resource. In an example, the candidate resource may be a candidate single time slot resource. In an example, the set S AIt can be initialized to a set of all candidate single-slot resources.

[0300] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 , in a resource evaluation action (e.g., Figure 26 the first action in), the wireless device can perform a first exclusion to exclude a second resource from the candidate resource set based on a first resource and one or more reserved periods. In an example, the wireless device may not monitor the first resource within the sensing window. In an example, one or more reserved periods may be configured with / associated with a resource pool of the second resource. In an example, the wireless device can determine a second resource within a selection window based on one or more reserved periods, and the second resource may be reserved by a transmission via the first resource. In an example, the wireless device can exclude a candidate single-slot resource R A from the set S x,y :

[0301] - The wireless device has not monitored the time slot in the sensing window and / or

[0302] - For any period value allowed by the parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList, and for a hypothetical SCI format 1-A received in the time slot with the "resource reservation period" field set to this period value and indicating all sub-channels of the resource pool in this time slot, the conditionc of the second exclusion will be satisfied.

[0303] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 , in a resource evaluation action (e.g., Figure 26In the first action in

[0065] , the wireless device may perform a second exclusion to exclude a third resource from the set of candidate resources. In an example, the SCI may indicate resource reservation for the third resource. The SCI may further indicate a priority value (e.g., indicated by a higher layer parameter s1-Priority). The wireless device may exclude the third resource from the set of candidate resources based on a reference signal received power (RSRP) of the third resource being greater than an RSRP threshold (e.g., indicated by a higher layer parameter s1-ThresPSSCH-RSRP-List). The RSRP threshold may be associated with the priority value based on a mapping list of RSRP thresholds to priority values configured and / or preconfigured for the wireless device. In an example, the base station may transmit a message to the wireless device to configure the mapping list. The message may be a radio resource control (RRC) message. In an example, the mapping list may be preconfigured for the wireless device. A memory of the wireless device may store the mapping list. In an example, the priority indicated by the priority value may be a layer 1 priority (e.g., a physical layer priority). In an example, a larger priority value may indicate a higher priority for the sidelink transmission. A smaller priority value may indicate a lower priority for the sidelink transmission. In another example, a larger priority value may indicate a lower priority for the sidelink transmission. A smaller priority value may indicate a higher priority for the sidelink transmission. In an example, the wireless device may select a transmission from the set S based on the following conditions: A Exclude candidate single-slot resources R x,y :

[0304] a) Wireless device in time slot The SCI format 1-A is received in the received SCI format 1-A, and the "resource reservation period" field (if present) and the "priority" field in the received SCI format 1-A indicate a value P rsvp_RX and prio RX ;

[0305] b) The RSRP measurement value performed for the received SCI format 1-A is higher than Th(prio RX ); and / or

[0306] c) In time slot or the same SCI format to be received in the time slot if and only if the "Resource Retention Period" field is present in the received SCI format 1-A. Determine and A set of overlapping resource blocks and time slots, q = 1, 2, ..., Q and j = 0, 1, ..., C resel -1. Here, P r ' svp_RX is the unit P converted into logical time slot rsvp_RX , if P rsvp_RX <Tscal and n′ - m ≤ P r ′ svp_RX , then where if time slot n belongs to the set then otherwise the time slot is the first time slot after time slot n that belongs to the set ; otherwise Q = 1. T scal is set to the selection window size T2 converted to milliseconds.

[0307] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 , in the resource evaluation action (e.g., Figure 26 the first action in), after performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion, the wireless device can determine whether the remaining candidate resources in the candidate resource set are sufficient to select resources for one or more sidelink transmissions of the TB based on a condition. In an example, the condition can be that the total amount of the remaining candidate resources in the candidate resource set is greater than X percent of the candidate resources in the candidate resource set (e.g., indicated by the higher layer parameter sl-TxPercentageList) before performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion. If this condition is not met, the wireless device can increase the RSRP threshold value Y for excluding the third resource and iteratively re-perform the initialization, the first exclusion, and the second exclusion until this condition is met. In an example, if the number of remaining candidate single time slot resources in the set S A is less than X·M total , then Th(p i ) can be increased by 3 dB, and the program continues to re-perform the initialization, the first exclusion, and the second exclusion until the condition is met. In an example, the wireless device can report the set S A (e.g., the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set) to the higher layer of the wireless device. In an example, based on the number of remaining candidate single time slot resources in the set S A being greater than or equal to X·M [[ID=, the wireless device can report the set S total (e.g., the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set when the condition is met) to the higher layer of the wireless device. A (e.g., the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set when the condition is met).

[0308] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 , in the resource selection action (e.g., Figure 26 the second action in), the wireless device (e.g., the higher layer of the wireless device) can select a fourth resource from the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set (e.g., the set S A reported by the physical layer) for one or more sidelink transmissions of the TB. In an example, the wireless device can randomly select the fourth resource from the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set.

[0309] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 , in an example, if a resource r from the set (r0, r1, r2, …) i is not a member of S A (e.g., the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set when a condition is met), the wireless device may report a re-evaluation of the resource r i to a higher layer.

[0310] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 , in an example, if a resource r′ from the set (r0′, r1′, r2′, …) i ′ is excluded in a second exclusion due to a comparison with the RSRP measurement value of the received SCI format 1-A associated with a priority prio RX , and is not a member of S A (e.g., the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set when a condition is met) and meets one of the following two conditions, the wireless device may report a preemption of the resource r i ′ to a higher layer:

[0311] Condition 1: sl-PreemptionEnable is provided and equal to ‘enabled’, and prio TX > prio RX

[0312] Condition 2: sl-PreemptionEnable is provided but not equal to ‘enabled’, and prio RX < prio pre and prio TX > prio RX

[0313] In an example, if a resource r i is indicated by the wireless device (e.g., the physical layer of the wireless device) for re-evaluation, the higher layer of the wireless device may remove the resource r i from the set (r0, r1, r2, …). In an example, if a resource r i ′ is indicated by the wireless device (e.g., the physical layer of the wireless device) for preemption, the higher layer of the wireless device may remove the resource r i ′ from the set (r0′, r1′, r2′, …). The higher layer of the wireless device may select from the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set (e.g., the set S A ) reported by the physical layer to replace the removed resource r i and / or r i' Randomly select new time and frequency resources. The higher layers of the wireless device can replace the removed resources with new time and frequency resources. i and / or r i For example, the wireless device may remove resource r from the set (r0, r1, r2, ...) and / or the set (r0', r1', r2', ...). i and / or r i ′, and based on resource r i and / or r i The removal of ′ adds new time and frequency resources to the set (r0, r1, r2, ...) and / or the set (r0′, r1′, r2′, ...).

[0314] Sidelink preemption may occur between a first wireless device and a second wireless device. The first wireless device may select a first resource for a first sidelink transmission. The first sidelink transmission may have a first priority. The second wireless device may select a second resource for a second sidelink transmission. The second sidelink transmission may have a second priority. The first resource may partially and / or completely overlap with the second resource. The first wireless device may determine a resource conflict between the first resource and the second resource based on the partial and / or complete overlap between the first resource and the second resource. The resource conflict may mean that the first resource and the second resource completely and / or partially overlap in the time domain, frequency domain, code domain, power domain, and / or spatial domain. In an example, a larger priority value may indicate a lower priority for the sidelink transmission. A smaller priority value may indicate a higher priority for the sidelink transmission. In an example, the first wireless device may determine sidelink preemption based on the resource conflict and the second priority being higher than the first priority. In other words, the first wireless device may determine sidelink preemption based on the resource conflict and the second priority being lower than the first priority. In another example, the first wireless device may determine sidelink preemption based on the resource conflict, the second priority being lower than a priority threshold, and the second priority being lower than the first priority.

[0315] refer to Figure 25 , the first wireless device may trigger a procedure for selecting a first resource for a first sidelink transmission (e.g., Figure 25a first resource selection procedure for the resource selected after the selection of conflicting resources in [ ]. The second wireless device may transmit an SCI that indicates a resource reservation for a first resource for a second sidelink transmission. The first wireless device may determine a resource conflict on the first resource between the first sidelink transmission and the second sidelink transmission. The first wireless device may trigger a resource re-evaluation (e.g., a resource evaluation action of a second resource selection procedure) at and / or before time (m - T3) based on the resource conflict. The first wireless device may trigger a resource reselection (e.g., a resource selection action of a second resource selection procedure) based on the resource re-evaluation to select a second resource (e.g., the resource reselected after the resource reselection in Figure 25 ). The start time of the second resource may be time m.

[0316] Reference Figure 26 , triggering a resource reselection based on a resource re-evaluation at and / or before time (m - T3) may include the following actions:

[0317] Action 1: The first wireless device may initialize a candidate resource set to a set of candidate resources;

[0318] Action 2: The first wireless device may perform a first exclusion;

[0319] Action 3: The first wireless device may perform a second exclusion;

[0320] Action 4: If the first resource is still in the candidate resource set after the first exclusion and the second exclusion, a resource reselection of the first radio resource based on the resource conflict may not be triggered; and / or

[0321] Action 5: If the first resource is not in the candidate resource set after the first exclusion and the second exclusion:

[0322] Action 5-1: In an example, if the first resource is excluded in Action 3 and the SCI indication of the second resource can trigger a pre-emptible priority, a resource reselection of the first radio resource based on the resource conflict may be triggered; and / or

[0323] Action 5-2: In an example, if the first resource is excluded in Action 3 and the SCI indication of the second resource cannot trigger a pre-emptible priority, a resource reselection of the first radio resource based on the resource conflict may not be triggered.

[0324] In an example, multiple wireless devices may share a sidelink resource pool. The multiple wireless devices may select resources that overlap or do not overlap with each other from the sidelink resource pool for sidelink transmission. The overlapping resources may be partially and / or fully overlapping resources. A wireless device among the multiple wireless devices may trigger a first resource selection procedure for an initial selection of resources of the sidelink resource pool for a first sidelink transmission. The first resource selection procedure may include a first resource evaluation action (e.g., Figure 26 with an iterative resource evaluation action) and a first resource selection action (e.g., Figure 26 the resource selection action in). The wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure for re-evaluating the resources selected for the first sidelink transmission before each sidelink transmission in the first sidelink transmission to reduce interference from another wireless device among the multiple wireless devices. In the prior art, the second resource selection procedure for re-evaluation may include a second resource evaluation action (e.g., Figure 26 with an iterative resource evaluation action). The second resource selection procedure may or may not include a second resource selection action for re-selecting new resources (e.g., Figure 26 the resource selection action in).

[0325] In the case of implementing the prior art, the sensing procedure and / or re-evaluation of resources may be triggered frequently. Implementing an iterative Figure 26 resource evaluation action in (e.g., full resource evaluation) for re-evaluation and / or multiple sensing procedures may increase the power consumption of the wireless device. The prior art that employs an iterative Figure 26 resource evaluation action in (e.g., full resource evaluation) to perform frequent re-evaluations and / or sensing procedures may not be suitable for power-constrained wireless devices (e.g., pedestrian wireless devices). Implementing the prior art that employs an iterative Figure 26 resource evaluation action in (e.g., full resource evaluation) for re-evaluation and / or multiple sensing procedures may increase the processing waiting time and / or transmission delay of the wireless device. Implementing the prior art that employs an iterative Figure 26 resource evaluation action in (e.g., full resource evaluation) for re-evaluation and / or multiple sensing procedures may increase the computational complexity and / or hardware complexity of the wireless device. The prior art may not be suitable for low-cost and / or low-capability wireless devices (e.g., pedestrian wireless devices).

[0326] Embodiments of the present disclosure enable a wireless device to perform a simplified resource evaluation action (e.g., light resource evaluation). Compared with Figure 26Compared with the resource evaluation actions in [e.g., full resource evaluation], the simplified resource evaluation actions (e.g., light resource evaluation) can include fewer iterations and / or no iterations. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a wireless device may perform a simplified resource evaluation action for resource re-evaluation (e.g., enhanced resource evaluation, simplified resource evaluation compared to the resource evaluation shown in Figure 26 the resource evaluation, light resource evaluation, and / or power-saving resource evaluation).

[0327] For example, in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a wireless device may perform a resource selection procedure based on multiple RSRP thresholds (e.g., SL-ThresRSRP_pi_pj) configured for each priority value combination. The wireless device may trigger a first resource selection procedure for initial resource selection based on a first RSRP threshold configured for the priority value combination. The wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure for re-evaluation based on a second RSRP threshold configured for the priority value combination.

[0328] In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a wireless device may perform a resource selection procedure based on multiple parts (e.g., sl-xPercentage). The part may or may not be configured according to the priority value of the wireless device. For example, the wireless device may trigger a first resource selection procedure for initial resource selection based on a first part configured for the priority value. The wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure for re-evaluation based on a second part configured for the priority value.

[0329] In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a wireless device may trigger a sensing procedure such as a resource selection procedure (e.g., using light resource evaluation) based on a candidate resource set that has been previously selected and / or reported in another sensing procedure (e.g., from the same or a different resource selection procedure) (e.g., using the candidate resource set and / or initializing with the candidate resource set). In an example, after the second sensing procedure, the wireless device may select a resource based on the previously selected and / or reported candidate resource set. The candidate resource set for the second sensing procedure may be the remaining candidate resource set from the first sensing procedure and / or the resource selection procedure.

[0330] In an example, in response to the number of remaining candidate resources in a previously reported remaining candidate resource set being greater than a portion of the candidate resources in a selection window, a wireless device may select resources based on the previously reported remaining candidate resource set. In an example, in response to the number of remaining candidate resources in a previously reported remaining candidate resource set being less than a portion of the candidate resources in a selection window, a wireless device may select resources based on the candidate resources in the selection window. In an example, in response to the remaining number of candidate resources of a first resource selection procedure being less than a portion of a previously reported remaining candidate resource set, a wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure (e.g., using a full resource assessment).

[0331] Implementing embodiments of the present disclosure may reduce the number of iterations of a wireless device in a resource assessment action (e.g., a light assessment action). Accordingly, power consumption, processing latency, transmission delay, computational complexity, and / or hardware complexity for performing resource re - assessment may be reduced for the wireless device.

[0332] Figure 28 An example diagram showing a resource selection procedure for triggering an initial selection of resources and / or a re - assessment of resources is shown. According to an exemplary embodiment, a base station and / or a first wireless device may transmit one or more messages to a second wireless device. The one or more messages may be one or more RRC / SIB messages, MAC CE, DCI, and / or SCI. The one or more messages may include one or more configuration parameters. The one or more configuration parameters may be for a sidelink resource pool. According to an exemplary embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may be pre - configured for the second wireless device. The memory of the second wireless device may store the one or more configuration parameters. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more sidelink configurations (e.g., referring Figure and ​ to the sl - ThresPSSCH - RSRP - List of ​ 、 ​ and ​, the second wireless device may transmit one or more sidelink transmissions for transmitting a TB (e.g., a transmission and / or one or more retransmissions). The one or more sidelink transmissions may have a first priority value. Refer to ​ and ​ , the sidelink transmissions of the one or more sidelink transmissions may include PSCCH, PSSCH, and / or PSFCH.

[0333] In an exemplary embodiment, the second wireless device may trigger a resource selection procedure for an initial selection of resources for one or more sidelink transmissions (e.g., the first selection of resources). The resource selection procedure may include a resource evaluation action and / or a selection action. The second wireless device may determine a sensing window, a selection window, and / or one or more reservation periods of the resource selection procedure. The second wireless device may initialize a candidate resource set of the resource selection procedure as a set of candidate resources in the selection window.

[0334] Refer to ​ , ​ and ​ , in the resource evaluation action, the second wireless device may perform a first exclusion for excluding a first resource from the candidate resource set. The second wireless device may perform a second exclusion for excluding a second resource from the candidate resource set. In an example, the SCI may indicate a resource reservation of the second resource. The SCI may further indicate a second priority value (e.g., indicated by a higher layer parameter sl-Priority). In response to the triggered resource selection procedure being for an initial selection of resources, the second wireless device may exclude the second resource from the candidate resource set based on the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the second resource being higher than a first RSRP threshold among a plurality of RSRP thresholds. The plurality of RSRP thresholds may be configured for a combination of the first priority value and the second priority value.

[0335] Refer to ​ , ​ and ​ , in the resource evaluation action, the second wireless device may determine whether the number of candidate resources in the remaining candidate resource set is sufficient for one or more sidelink transmissions based on a condition. The remaining candidate resource set may include the candidate resources of the candidate resource set after performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion. In an example, the condition may be that before performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion, the number of candidate resources in the remaining candidate resource set is greater than X percent of the candidate resource set (e.g., indicated by a higher layer parameter sl-TxPercentageList). If the condition is not met, the second wireless device may increase the first RSRP threshold by value Y and iteratively re-perform the initialization and evaluation actions until the condition is met. In an example, based on meeting the condition, the second wireless device may report the remaining candidate resource set to a higher layer of the second wireless device.

[0336] Reference ​ 、 ​ and ​ , in a resource selection operation, a second wireless device (e.g., a higher layer of the second wireless device) may select resources for one or more sidelink transmissions from a remaining candidate resource set. The second wireless device may transmit a TB in one or more sidelink transmissions via the resources.

[0337] In another exemplary embodiment, the second wireless device may trigger a resource selection procedure to re-evaluate resources for one or more sidelink transmissions. The resources may include a first set of resources (r0, r1, r2, …) undergoing re-evaluation and / or a second set of resources (r0′, r1′, r2′, …) undergoing preemption. Reference ​ 、 ​ and ​ , in a resource evaluation operation, the second wireless device may perform a first exclusion for excluding a first resource from a candidate resource set. The second wireless device may perform a second exclusion for excluding a second resource from the candidate resource set. In response to the triggered resource selection procedure being for re-evaluation of resources, the second wireless device may exclude the second resource from the candidate resource set based on the RSRP of the second resource being higher than a second RSRP threshold among a plurality of RSRP thresholds. The plurality of RSRP thresholds may be configured for a combination of a first priority value and a second priority value.

[0338] Reference ​ 、 ​ and ​ , in a resource evaluation operation, before performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion, the second wireless device may determine whether the number of candidate resources in the remaining candidate resource set is sufficient for one or more sidelink transmissions based on a condition that the number of candidate resources in the remaining candidate resource set is greater than X percent of the candidate resource set. If this condition is not met, the second wireless device may increase the second RSRP threshold by value Y and iteratively re-perform the initialization and evaluation operations until this condition is met. In an example, based on this condition being met, the second wireless device may report the remaining candidate resource set to a higher layer of the second wireless device.

[0339] Reference ​ 、 ​ and ​ , in a resource selection operation, a second wireless device (e.g., a higher layer of the second wireless device) may select resources for one or more sidelink transmissions from a remaining candidate resource set. The second wireless device may transmit a TB in one or more sidelink transmissions via the resources.

[0340] Reference ​According to an exemplary embodiment, the base station and / or the first wireless device may transmit one or more messages to the second wireless device. The one or more messages may be one or more RRC / SIB messages, MAC CE, DCI and / or SCI. The one or more messages may include one or more configuration parameters. The one or more configuration parameters may be used for the side link resource pool. In the example, the one or more configuration parameters may be pre-configured to the second wireless device. The memory of the second wireless device may store the one or more configuration parameters. In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more side link configurations. The side link configuration in the one or more side link configurations may be configured and / or indicate a priority value (e.g., based on a reference ​ and ​ sl-Priority prio TX ) (e.g., based on reference ​ and ​ The plurality of parts configured for the priority value may include a first part and / or a second part. In an example, the second part may be indicated by the first part having an offset value. ​ 、 ​ and ​ , the second wireless device may transmit one or more sidelink transmissions (e.g., a first transmission and one or more retransmissions) for transmitting the TB. The one or more sidelink transmissions may have a first priority value. ​ and ​ , the sidelink transmission of the one or more sidelink transmissions may include PSCCH, PSSCH and / or PSFCH.

[0341] refer to ​ 、 ​ and ​In an exemplary embodiment, a second wireless device may trigger a resource selection procedure to perform an initial selection of resources for one or more sidelink transmissions. The resource selection procedure may include a resource evaluation action and / or a selection action. The second wireless device may determine a sensing window, a selection window, and / or one or more retention periods for the resource selection procedure. The second wireless device may initialize a candidate resource set for the resource selection procedure to a set of candidate resources within the selection window. In the resource evaluation action, the second wireless device may perform a first exclusion to exclude a first resource from the candidate resource set. The second wireless device may perform a second exclusion to exclude a second resource from the candidate resource set. The second wireless device may determine, based on a condition, whether the number of candidate resources remaining in the candidate resource set is sufficient for the one or more sidelink transmissions. The remaining candidate resource set may include candidate resources of the candidate resource set after performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion. In an example, the condition may be that, before performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion, the number of candidate resources in the remaining candidate resource set is greater than a first portion (e.g., a first X percent) of a plurality of portions of the candidate resource set. The plurality of portions may be configured for a first priority value. The second wireless device may select the first portion from the plurality of portions based on triggering the resource selection procedure for the initial selection of resources. If the condition is not met, the second wireless device may increase the RSRP threshold by a value Y and iteratively re-perform the initialization and evaluation actions until the condition is met. In an example, based on meeting the condition, the second wireless device may report the remaining candidate resource sets to a higher layer of the second wireless device.

[0342] refer to ​ 、 ​ and ​ In a resource selection action, the second wireless device (e.g., a higher layer of the second wireless device) may select resources for one or more sidelink transmissions from the remaining candidate resource set. The second wireless device may transmit the TB in the one or more sidelink transmissions via the resources.

[0343] In another exemplary embodiment, the second wireless device may trigger a resource selection procedure to re-evaluate resources for one or more sidelink transmissions. The resources may include a first set of resources (r0, r1, r2, ...) that undergo re-evaluation and / or a second set of resources (r0', r1', r2', ...) that undergo preemption. Figure 26 、 Figure 27 and Figure 28, in the resource evaluation operation, the second wireless device may perform a first exclusion for excluding a first resource from a candidate resource set. The second wireless device may perform a second exclusion for excluding a second resource from the candidate resource set. Before performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion, the second wireless device may determine whether the number of candidate resources in the remaining candidate resource set is sufficient for one or more sidelink transmissions based on the condition that the number of candidate resources in the remaining candidate resource set is greater than a second part (e.g., the second X percent) of multiple parts of the candidate resource set. The second wireless device may select the second part from the multiple parts based on that the trigger resource selection procedure is for re-evaluation of resources. If the condition is not satisfied, the second wireless device may increase the RSRP threshold by value Y and iteratively re-perform the initialization and evaluation operations until the condition is satisfied. In an example, based on satisfying the condition, the second wireless device may report the remaining candidate resource set to a higher layer of the second wireless device.

[0344] Reference Figure 26 、 Figure 27 and Figure 28 , in the resource selection operation, the second wireless device (e.g., a higher layer of the second wireless device) may select resources for one or more sidelink transmissions from the remaining candidate resource set. The second wireless device may transmit a TB in one or more sidelink transmissions via the resource.

[0345] Figure 29 FIG. shows an example diagram of a resource selection procedure that triggers an initial selection of resources and / or a re-evaluation of resources. According to an exemplary embodiment, a base station and / or a first wireless device may transmit one or more messages to a second wireless device. The one or more messages may be one or more RRC / SIB messages, MAC CE, DCI, and / or SCI. The one or more messages may include one or more configuration parameters. The one or more configuration parameters may be for a sidelink resource pool. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may be pre-configured for the second wireless device. A memory of the second wireless device may store the one or more configuration parameters.

[0346] In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more parts (e.g., sl-xPercentage of SL-TxPercentageConfig based on reference Figure 21 and Figure 22 ). Each of the one or more parts may be configured for a priority value (e.g., prio of sl-Priority based on reference Figure 21 and Figure 22 )). Reference TX )). Figure 26 、 Figure 27 and Figure 28, the second wireless device may transmit one or more sidelink transmissions (e.g., a first transmission and one or more retransmissions) for transmitting the TB. The one or more sidelink transmissions may have a first priority value. Figure 19A and Figure 19B , the sidelink transmission of the one or more sidelink transmissions may include PSCCH, PSSCH and / or PSFCH.

[0347] In an example, a second wireless device may trigger a first resource selection procedure to perform an initial selection (e.g., a first selection of resources) and / or a re-evaluation of resources for one or more sidelink transmissions. The second wireless device may determine a first sensing window, a first selection window, and / or one or more first retention periods for the first resource selection procedure. The second wireless device may initialize a first set of candidate resources for the first resource selection procedure to be a first set of candidate resources in the first selection window.

[0348] refer to Figure 26 and Figure 27 , the second wireless device may perform a first exclusion of the first resource selection procedure to exclude the first resource from the first candidate resource set. The second wireless device may perform a second exclusion of the first resource selection procedure to exclude the second resource from the first candidate resource set. The second wireless device may determine whether the number of candidate resources in the first remaining candidate resource set is sufficient for one or more sidelink transmissions based on a condition. The first remaining candidate resource set may include candidate resources of the first candidate resource set after performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion. In an example, the condition may be that before performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion, the number of candidate resources in the first remaining candidate resource set is greater than a portion of the multiple portions of the first candidate resource set (e.g., X percent indicated by a higher layer parameter sl-TxPercentageList). In an example, based on satisfying the condition, the second wireless device may report the first remaining candidate resource set to a higher layer of the second wireless device.

[0349] refer to Figure 26 、 Figure 27 and Figure 28 The second wireless device (eg, a higher layer of the second wireless device) may select resources from the first set of remaining candidate resources for one or more sidelink transmissions. The second wireless device may transmit the TB in the one or more sidelink transmissions via the resources.

[0350] In an exemplary embodiment, the second wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure to re-evaluate resources for one or more sidelink transmissions. The resources may include a first set of resources (r0, r1, r2, ...) undergoing re-evaluation and / or a second set of resources (r0', r1', r2', ...) undergoing preemption. The second wireless device may determine a second sensing window, a second selection window, and / or one or more second retention periods for the second resource selection procedure.

[0351] refer to Figure 29 , the second wireless device may determine whether the number of candidate resources in the first remaining candidate resource set is greater than a threshold. In an example, one or more configuration parameters may indicate a threshold. For example, the threshold may indicate the number of candidate resources. For example, the threshold may be one of one or more parts. For example, the threshold may be indicated by one of the one or more parts having an offset value. For example, the threshold may be configured for a priority value (e.g., based on a reference Figure 21 and Figure 22 sl-Priority prio TX ). For example, the second wireless device may determine the threshold value based on the first priority value of the one or more sidelink transmissions. In an example, the threshold value may indicate a portion of candidate resources in a first remaining candidate resource set in a first set of candidate resources (e.g., an initialized first candidate resource set) in a first selection window. In an example, the threshold value may indicate a portion of candidate resources in a first remaining candidate resource set in a second set of candidate resources in a second selection window.

[0352] In an example, the second wireless device may initialize the second candidate resource set of the second resource selection procedure to the first remaining candidate set (e.g., the first remaining candidate set previously reported in the first resource selection procedure). The second wireless device may initialize the second candidate resource set of the second resource selection procedure to the first remaining candidate set based on the number of candidate resources in the first remaining candidate resource set being greater than a threshold.

[0353] In another example, the second wireless device may initialize the second candidate resource set of the second resource selection procedure as the second group of candidate resources in the second selection window. The second wireless device may initialize the second candidate resource set of the second resource selection procedure as the second group of candidate resources in the second selection window based on the number of candidate resources in the first remaining candidate resource set being less than a threshold.

[0354] refer to Figures 26 to 29, the second wireless device may perform a first exclusion of the first resource from the second candidate resource set for the second resource selection procedure. The second wireless device may perform a second exclusion of the second resource from the second candidate resource set for the second resource selection procedure. The second wireless device may determine, based on a condition, whether the number of candidate resources in the second remaining candidate resource set is sufficient for one or more sidelink transmissions. The second remaining candidate resource set may include the candidate resources of the second candidate resource set after performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion. In an example, the condition may be that, before performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion, the number of candidate resources in the second remaining candidate resource set is greater than a part of a plurality of parts of the second candidate resource set (e.g., X percent indicated by the higher layer parameter sl-TxPercentageList). In an example, based on satisfying the condition, the second wireless device may report the second remaining candidate resource set to a higher layer of the second wireless device.

[0355] Reference Figures 26 to 29 , the second wireless device (e.g., a higher layer of the second wireless device) may select a third resource for one or more sidelink transmissions based on a re-evaluation of the resources. The second wireless device may select the third resource from the resources, the first remaining candidate resource set, and / or the second remaining candidate resource set. The second wireless device may transmit a TB in one or more sidelink transmissions via the third resource.

[0356] Figure 30 An example diagram showing a resource selection procedure that triggers a re-evaluation of resources is shown.

[0357] According to an exemplary embodiment, the second wireless device may trigger a third resource selection procedure to perform a re-evaluation of resources for one or more sidelink transmissions. The resources may include a first set of resources (r0, r1, r2, …) that undergo re-evaluation and / or a second set of resources (r0′, r1′, r2′, …) that undergo preemption. The second wireless device may determine a third sensing window, a third selection window, and / or one or more third reservation periods for the third resource selection procedure.

[0358] Reference Figure 29 and Figure 30 , the second wireless device may initialize the third candidate resource set of the third resource selection procedure to the first remaining candidate set (e.g., the first remaining candidate set previously reported in the first resource selection procedure). The second wireless device may initialize the third candidate resource set of the third resource selection procedure to the first remaining candidate set based on triggering the third resource selection procedure for re-evaluation.

[0359] Reference Figures 26 to 30The second wireless device may perform a first exclusion of the third resource selection procedure to exclude the first resource from the third candidate resource set. The second wireless device may perform a second exclusion of the third resource selection procedure to exclude the second resource from the third candidate resource set. The second wireless device may determine whether the number of candidate resources in the third remaining candidate resource set is sufficient for one or more sidelink transmissions based on a condition. The third remaining candidate resource set may include the candidate resources of the third candidate resource set after performing the first exclusion and the second exclusion. In an example, the condition may be that the number of candidate resources in the third remaining candidate resource set is greater than a threshold.

[0360] According to an exemplary embodiment, one or more configuration parameters may indicate a threshold value. For example, the threshold value may indicate the number of candidate resources. For example, the threshold value may be one of one or more parts. For example, the threshold value may be indicated by one of one or more parts having an offset value. For example, the threshold value may be configured for a priority value (e.g., based on a reference Figure 21 and Figure 22 sl-Priority prio TX ). For example, the second wireless device may determine the threshold based on the first priority value of the one or more sidelink transmissions. In an example, the threshold may indicate a portion of candidate resources in the first remaining candidate resource set in the first set of candidate resources (e.g., the initialized first candidate resource set) in the first selection window. In an example, the threshold may indicate a portion of candidate resources in the first remaining candidate resource set in the third set of candidate resources in the third selection window.

[0361] In an example, based on the condition being met, the second wireless device may report a third set of remaining candidate resources to a higher layer of the second wireless device. In an example, based on the condition not being met, the second wireless device may trigger a fourth resource selection procedure. The second wireless device may initialize the fourth candidate set as a fourth set of candidate resources in a fourth selection window of the fourth resource selection procedure.

[0362] refer to Figures 26 to 29 The second wireless device (e.g., a higher layer of the second wireless device) may select a fourth resource for one or more sidelink transmissions based on the re-evaluation of the resources. The second wireless device may select the fourth resource from the resources, the first set of remaining candidate resources, and / or the third set of remaining candidate resources. The second wireless device may transmit the TB in one or more sidelink transmissions via the fourth resource.

[0363] According to an exemplary embodiment, a wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure for one or more sidelink transmissions. The wireless device may initialize a candidate resource set as a first remaining candidate resource set. The wireless device may determine the first remaining candidate resource set during a first resource selection procedure for one or more sidelink transmissions. The wireless device may determine a second remaining candidate resource set of the second resource selection procedure based on the candidate resource set. The wireless device may transmit one or more sidelink transmissions based on the second remaining candidate resource set.

[0364] According to an exemplary embodiment, the wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages including configuration parameters. The configuration parameters may indicate a selection window of the second resource selection procedure and a threshold indicating the number of candidate resources. In an example, the threshold may be configured for a first priority value. In an example, one or more sidelink transmissions have a second priority value. In an example, the wireless device may determine the threshold in response to the first priority value being the same as the second priority value.

[0365] According to an exemplary embodiment, based on the number of candidate resources in the first remaining resource set being greater than the threshold, the wireless device may initialize the candidate resource set as the first remaining candidate resource set. According to an exemplary embodiment, the wireless device may exclude a first resource from the candidate resource set based on the resource in the sensing window not being monitored. According to an exemplary embodiment, the wireless device may exclude a second resource from the candidate resource set based on the RSRP of the second resource. According to an exemplary embodiment, after excluding the first resource and the second resource, the wireless device may determine that the second remaining resource set is the same as the candidate resource set. According to an exemplary embodiment, the wireless device may determine whether the number of candidate resources in the second candidate resource set is greater than the threshold. According to an exemplary embodiment, the wireless device may select a resource for one or more sidelink transmissions based on the second remaining candidate resource set and the number of candidate resources in the second candidate resource set being greater than the threshold. According to an exemplary embodiment, the wireless device may trigger a third resource selection procedure for one or more sidelink transmissions based on the number of candidate resources in the second candidate resource set being less than the threshold. According to an exemplary embodiment, the third resource selection procedure may include initializing the second candidate resource set to include candidate resources in a second selection window of the third resource selection procedure.

[0366] According to an exemplary embodiment, the wireless device may initialize the candidate resource set as the first remaining candidate resource set based on triggering a second resource selection procedure for resource re-evaluation.

[0367] According to an exemplary embodiment, the one or more RRC messages may include one or more parts, each part indicating a portion of candidate resources in the candidate resource set. According to an exemplary embodiment, the threshold may be a portion of the one or more parts. According to an exemplary embodiment, the threshold may be indicated by a portion of the one or more parts having an offset value.

[0368] According to an exemplary embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages including one or more configuration parameters. Each of the one or more sidelink configurations may indicate a priority value combination. The priority value combination may include a first priority value of a priority field in a received SCI. The priority value combination may include a second priority value for a sidelink transmission performed by the wireless device. Each sidelink configuration may indicate a first RSRP threshold for the combination. Each sidelink configuration may indicate a second RSRP threshold for the combination. For initial selection of resources for a first sidelink transmission and based on the one or more first RSRP thresholds of the one or more sidelink configurations, the wireless device may trigger a first resource selection procedure. For re-evaluation of resources and based on the one or more second RSRP thresholds of the one or more sidelink configurations, the wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure. Based on the first resource selection procedure and the second resource selection procedure, the wireless device may transmit the first sidelink transmission.

[0369] According to an exemplary embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages including one or more sidelink configurations for a resource selection procedure. A sidelink configuration in the one or more sidelink configurations may indicate a priority value for a sidelink transmission performed by the wireless device. A sidelink configuration in the one or more sidelink configurations may indicate a first portion of candidate resources in a total candidate resource pool associated with a priority level. A sidelink configuration in the one or more sidelink configurations may indicate a second portion of candidate resources in a total candidate resource pool associated with a priority level. For an initial selection of resources for a first sidelink transmission and based on the first portion of the sidelink configuration, the wireless device may trigger a first resource selection procedure. For a reassessment of resources and based on the second portion of the sidelink configuration, the wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure. The wireless device may transmit the first sidelink transmission based on the first resource selection procedure and the second resource selection procedure.

[0370] According to an exemplary embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages including configuration parameters. The configuration parameters may indicate a sensing window of a resource selection procedure and / or a selection window of the resource selection procedure. For an initial selection and / or re-evaluation of resources for a first sidelink transmission, the wireless device may trigger a first resource selection procedure. For the first resource selection procedure, the wireless device may initialize a first candidate resource set including candidate resources in a first selection window. The wireless device may determine a first remaining candidate resource set based on the first candidate resource set and / or a first sensing result in a first sensing window of the first resource selection procedure. For a re-evaluation of resources, the wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure. Based on the number of candidate resources in the first remaining candidate resource set being greater than a threshold, the wireless device may initialize a second candidate resource set to be the same as the first remaining candidate set. The wireless device may determine a second remaining candidate resource set based on the second candidate resource set and / or a second sensing result in a second sensing window of the second resource selection procedure. The wireless device may select a resource based on the second remaining candidate resource set. The wireless device may transmit a first sidelink transmission via the resource.

[0371] According to an exemplary embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages including configuration parameters. The configuration parameters may indicate a sensing window of a resource selection procedure and / or a selection window of the resource selection procedure. For an initial selection and / or re-evaluation of resources for a first sidelink transmission, the wireless device may trigger a first resource selection procedure. For the first resource selection procedure, the wireless device may initialize a first candidate resource set including candidate resources in a first selection window. The wireless device may determine a first remaining candidate resource set based on the first candidate resource set and / or a first sensing result in a first sensing window of the first resource selection procedure. For a re-evaluation of resources, the wireless device may trigger a second resource selection procedure. For the second resource selection procedure, the wireless device may initialize a second candidate resource set to be the same as the first remaining candidate set. The wireless device may determine a second remaining candidate resource set based on the second candidate resource set and / or a second sensing result in a second sensing window of the second resource selection procedure. The wireless device may select a resource based on the second remaining candidate resource set. The wireless device may transmit a first sidelink transmission via the resource.

Claims

1. A wireless device, the wireless device comprising: One or more processors; And A memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to: Receive one or more first Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages comprising a plurality of configuration parameters, the plurality of configuration parameters indicating: A first sensing window of a first sensing procedure; A second sensing window of a second sensing procedure; and A threshold indicating the number of candidate resources for the second sensing procedure; Use the first sensing window to select a first set of candidate resources for one or more sidelink transmissions; Use the second sensing window and for the one or more sidelink transmissions, based on a comparison of the number of candidate resources in the first set of candidate resources with the threshold, select a second set of candidate resources from the first set of candidate resources; And Transmit the one or more sidelink transmissions via one or more resources of the second set of candidate resources.

2. The wireless device according to claim 1, wherein: The first sensing window is for a first resource selection procedure; and The second sensing window is for a second resource selection procedure.

3. The wireless device according to claim 1, wherein, The second sensing window is for re-evaluating one or more first resources in the first set of candidate resources.

4. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein: The selection of the second set of candidate resources is based on the first sensing window and the second sensing window.

5. The wireless device according to claim 1, wherein, The configuration parameters further indicate a selection window.

6. The wireless device according to claim 5, further comprising initializing the first set of candidate resources based on the first sensing window to include candidate resources in the selection window.

7. The wireless device according to claim 1, wherein, Selecting the first set of candidate resources comprises: Determining a first remaining set of candidate resources to include one or more first resources based on: The first set of candidate resources; and A first sensing yielding a first sensing window.

8. The wireless device according to claim 7, wherein, The instructions further cause the wireless device to initialize the second set of candidate resources to be the same as the first remaining set of candidate resources.

9. The wireless device according to claim 1, wherein, In response to the number of candidate resources in the first set of candidate resources being greater than the threshold, select a second set of candidate resources from the first set of candidate resources.

10. A base station, the base station comprising: One or more processors; And A memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the base station to: Transmit to a wireless device one or more first Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages comprising a plurality of configuration parameters for one or more sidelink resource pools, the plurality of configuration parameters indicating: A first sensing window of a first sensing procedure for one or more sidelink transmissions by the wireless device via one or more sidelink resource pools; A second sensing window of a second sensing procedure for one or more sidelink transmissions by the wireless device via one or more sidelink resource pools; And A threshold indicating the number of candidate resources for the second sensing procedure.

11. The base station according to claim 10, wherein: The first sensing window is for a first resource selection procedure; and The second sensing window is for a second resource selection procedure.

12. The base station according to claim 10, wherein, The second sensing window is for re-evaluating one or more first resources in a first set of candidate resources.

13. The base station according to claim 10, wherein, The configuration parameter further indicates a selection window.

14. The base station according to claim 10, wherein the configuration parameter further indicates a set of possible resource reservation periods allowed in the sidelink resource pool.

15. The base station according to claim 10, wherein, The configuration parameter further indicates whether sidelink preemption is disabled or enabled in the sidelink resource pool.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a wireless device, cause the wireless device to: Receive one or more first radio resource control (RRC) messages comprising a plurality of configuration parameters, the plurality of configuration parameters indicating: A first sensing window of a first sensing procedure; A second sensing window of a second sensing procedure; and A threshold indicating the number of candidate resources for the second sensing procedure; Use the first sensing window to select a first set of candidate resources for one or more sidelink transmissions; Use the second sensing window and, for the one or more sidelink transmissions, select a second set of candidate resources from the first set of candidate resources based on a comparison of the number of candidate resources in the first set of candidate resources with the threshold; and Transmit the one or more sidelink transmissions via one or more resources of the second set of candidate resources.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 16, wherein: The first sensing window is for a first resource selection procedure; and The second sensing window is for a second resource selection procedure.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein: The second sensing window is for re-evaluating one or more first resources in the first set of candidate resources.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 16, wherein, The selection of the second set of candidate resources is based on the first sensing window and the second sensing window.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 16, wherein, In response to the number of candidate resources in the first set of candidate resources being greater than the threshold, select a second set of candidate resources from the first set of candidate resources.

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