A TMR bio-particle feed for short-term fattening of Tibetan sheep and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of Tibetan sheep breeding technology, specifically relating to a TMR biological pellet feed for short-term fattening Tibetan sheep and its preparation method. The pellet feed contains peanut vine powder, alfalfa powder, and a compound probiotic agent. The peanut vine powder significantly reduces aflatoxin levels through two dust removal processes. Part of the compound probiotic agent is incorporated into the raw materials for fermentation, while the other part is mixed with the pellet feed through spraying. The apparent digestibility of neutral and acidic detergent fibers increases, and the enrichment of compound probiotics improves fiber degradation efficiency, significantly improving digestion and metabolism, increasing feed digestibility and utilization, enhancing the health status of Tibetan sheep and their serum biochemical and antioxidant levels, improving the body's immune level, and enabling farmers to obtain higher economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Tibetan sheep breeding technology, specifically relating to a TMR bio-granule feed for short-term fattening of Tibetan sheep and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Tibetan sheep, distributed in high-altitude regions such as Tibet and Qinghai, are a unique and original sheep breed of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and an important livestock breed and germplasm resource in my country. Tibetan sheep have a strong adaptability to harsh ecological environments such as high altitude, low oxygen, and nutrient deficiencies. They are tolerant of roughage, have good meat production performance, and their meat is fragrant, tender, and nutritious, characterized by high protein, low cholesterol, abundant vitamins and minerals, and various amino acids, meeting today's demand for high-quality, healthy meat. Tibetan sheep are primarily raised through grazing, but the harsh living environment of the plateau region, with its short warm season and long cold season, and a dry season lasting up to seven months each year, coupled with degraded grasslands, cannot meet the nutritional needs of Tibetan sheep for growth and development, resulting in a shortage of high-quality Tibetan mutton. Therefore, using high-quality roughage to prepare TMR (Total Mixed Ration) bio-particle feed for short-term fattening of Tibetan sheep can shorten the feeding cycle, minimizing the cost of raising Tibetan sheep and thus enabling herders to obtain the best economic benefits.

[0003] The transition from traditional grazing to short-term intensive stall feeding for Tibetan sheep, aiming to increase meat yield, enhance antioxidant capacity, and improve meat quality, is a core issue that urgently needs to be addressed. While antibiotics can promote animal growth and maintain the health of Tibetan sheep, overuse can lead to bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues, seriously threatening animal and human health and food safety. Developing and applying antibiotic alternatives is crucial to effectively ensure the safety of animal-derived food. Compound probiotics can regulate intestinal flora balance, promote nutrient digestion and absorption, improve feed conversion rate, promote animal growth and development, and enhance production performance and immune function. They are environmentally friendly, non-toxic, have no side effects, leave no residue pollution, do not induce drug resistance, and are relatively inexpensive, making them ideal antibiotic alternatives. Peanut vines and alfalfa, commonly used high-quality roughage sources, and Prunella vulgaris, a common traditional Chinese medicine, combined with specially formulated compound probiotics, can effectively solve this problem.

[0004] More and more countries around the world are adopting Total Mixed Ration (TMR) technology in ruminant farming. This technology mixes and blends the concentrates, roughage, and additives required by ruminants according to their nutritional and physiological digestibility needs, then pellets or presses the mixture into cakes. Feeding this to ruminants improves fiber digestibility, total volatile fatty acids, and NH3-N concentration, enabling them to achieve ideal feed intake and growth levels, thereby reducing feeding costs. For Tibetan sheep, improving their fattening performance within two months while simultaneously enhancing their antioxidant capacity and improving meat quality is crucial. Currently, there are no short-term, indoor fattening TMR diets specifically designed to meet these needs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to improve the utilization rate of roughage and solve the problem of simultaneously improving the health status, short-term fattening performance, meat quality and economic benefits of Tibetan sheep during the dry season. In particular, it provides a TMR bio-particle feed and its preparation method for producing high-quality Tibetan mutton.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a TMR bio-granular feed for short-term fattening Tibetan sheep, which is composed of the following components by dry matter weight: 24-31 parts corn flour, 23-27 parts peanut stalk powder, 15-18 parts alfalfa powder, 6-8 parts peanut meal, 9-11 parts apple pomace, 8-10 parts selfheal, 5 parts premix, and a compound probiotic agent. Each kilogram of premix contains 1g iron, 0.5g manganese, 0.005g selenium, 0.015g iodine, 1g zinc, 0.15g copper, 0.025g cobalt, 125g sulfur, 2×10⁵ IU vitamin A, 6×10⁴ IU vitamin D, 0.2g vitamin E, 250g sodium chloride, 60g calcium, and 45g phosphorus. The compound probiotic agent is added at 0.1-0.3% of the total weight of the remaining raw materials.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the TMR bio-granular feed for short-term fattening Tibetan sheep is composed of the following components by dry matter weight: 30.4 parts corn flour, 23.7 parts peanut stalk powder, 15.8 parts alfalfa powder, 7.6 parts peanut meal, 9.5 parts apple pomace, 8 parts selfheal, 5 parts premix, and 0.3 parts compound probiotics.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the compound probiotic agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Clostridium butyricum, cellulase, isomaltooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, yeast extract, and milk powder. More preferably, the viable counts of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium lactis are ≥9×10⁻⁶. 9 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥1×10 10 cfu / g, Clostridium butyricum ≥2×10 9 The cfu / g, cellulase activity ≥10000u / g, and total live bacteria count of the compound probiotics ≥1×10¹⁰cfu / g.

[0009] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the TMR bio-pellet feed for short-term fattening Tibetan sheep, comprising:

[0010] S1: Peanut vine powder processing: The harvested whole peanut plants are dusted, roots are removed, stems and leaves are retained, and they are naturally sun-dried until the moisture content of the peanut vines drops to below 14%. They are then crushed and cleaned using a shredder, and after dust and impurities are removed again, they are mechanically crushed into powder.

[0011] S2: Alfalfa powder processing involves naturally drying alfalfa harvested from the budding stage to the initial flowering stage, followed by mechanical crushing and processing into powder.

[0012] S3: Prunella vulgaris processing: Prunella vulgaris is harvested in early summer, washed and dust-free, dried in the shade, and then processed into powder by mechanical crushing.

[0013] S4: Prepare a compound probiotic agent by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Clostridium butyricum, cellulase, isomaltooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, yeast extract powder, and milk powder to obtain a compound probiotic agent;

[0014] S5: Prepare fermented material. Mix corn flour, peanut vine powder obtained from S1 treatment, alfalfa powder obtained from S2 treatment, apple pomace, and selfheal obtained from S3 treatment in a weight ratio of 3:3:2:1:1. Stir evenly, add 0.1% of the weight of the remaining raw materials in the granular material as a compound probiotic agent, adjust the moisture content to 50%-55%, and then ferment in a sealed container for 7-10 days to obtain fermented material.

[0015] S6: Prepare pellets. According to the formula, mix the remaining raw materials with the fermented feed, condition, granulate, dry, and cool to make pellets. Then, using liquid spraying, add compound probiotic agent at 0-0.2% of the weight of the remaining raw materials in the pellets to obtain the Tibetan sheep short-term fattening TMR biological pellets.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, in S1, the peanut vine powder after two dust removal processes is dark green or light yellow, uniform in color, and free from mold and odor. At this time, the aflatoxin content can be reduced by more than 30%, and the utilization rate of peanut vine feed exceeds 15%.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the alfalfa hay powder raw material is screened to be green or light green powder with a grassy aroma, free from impurities, fermentation, mold, and clumping, and meets the second-level or higher quality grading standard for alfalfa hay powder.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, in step S6, the cooled granules have a particle size of 1-2 cm and a moisture content of less than 12%.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, in S6, the liquid spraying refers to dissolving the compound probiotic agent in water to obtain an aqueous solution, and spraying the aqueous solution onto the surface of the granules while the granules are being stirred.

[0020] Technical effect

[0021] 1. The TMR bio-pellet feed produced using this invention significantly increases daily weight gain, dressing percentage, and eye muscle area during a short-term fattening period of 2 months, while reducing the feed conversion ratio and improving the growth and slaughter performance of Tibetan sheep. In particular, combined with the peanut vine dust removal and compound probiotic technology of this invention, it significantly improves digestion and metabolism, increases feed digestibility and utilization, enhances the health status of Tibetan sheep and serum biochemical and antioxidant levels, improves the body's immune level, and enables farmers to obtain higher economic benefits.

[0022] 2. The TMR bio-granules produced using this invention promote the synthesis of rumen microbial proteins, improve the utilization of protein by Tibetan sheep, and thus meet their needs for growth and development, tissue repair and renewal, and the synthesis of related nutrients. The amino acid and fatty acid content in the mutton is increased to varying degrees, especially the content of flavor amino acids and linolenic acid, which significantly improves the quality and edible value of Tibetan mutton.

[0023] 3. Tibetan mutton is inherently high-quality, but its quality declines after short-term fattening due to the effects of dry seasons and harsh environments. The antibiotic-free bio-pellet feed provided by this invention can improve the health of Tibetan sheep, increase meat yield, enhance mutton quality, and increase economic benefits during a short fattening period. It provides a scientific theoretical and practical basis for the production of high-grade mutton and meets consumers' demand for high-quality functional livestock products, thus having broad application prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] This experimental study was conducted to illustrate the impact of different dust removal methods on the quality of peanut vine hay.

[0027] The experiment was conducted in Zhengyang, Zhumadian. Simulating dust removal in peanut harvesting equipment and dust removal before pelleting in livestock farms, peanut vine hay after harvest was divided into four treatments: no dust removal (CK), field mechanical harvesting with dust removal (TC), livestock farm pre-pelleting dust removal (YC), and field mechanical harvesting with dust removal + livestock farm pre-pelleting dust removal (TC+YC). Each treatment was repeated five times to examine the effects of different treatments on the quality of peanut vine hay. Nutritional components, including crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude ash (Ash), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), calcium, phosphorus, relative feed value (RFV), and aflatoxin content in peanut vines, were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0028] Table 1. Effects of different dust removal modes on the quality of peanut vine hay.

[0029]

[0030] Table 1 shows that the combination of field mechanical harvesting dust removal and pre-pelleting dust removal in livestock farms significantly improved the nutritional value of peanut vine hay, followed by field mechanical harvesting dust removal and pre-pelleting dust removal in livestock farms. Different treatments had no significant effect on EE, NDF, Ca, and P (P>0.05). The CK treatment without dust removal had the lowest protein content, which was not significantly different from the YC group (P>0.05), but significantly lower than the TC and TC+YC groups (P<0.05). Compared with the CK group, the crude ash content of the TC, YC, and TC+YC groups decreased by 34.5%, 38.3%, and 55%, respectively (P<0.05), the ADF content decreased by 15.8%, 13%, and 19.8%, respectively (P<0.05), and the RFV value significantly increased by 9.19%, 9.11%, and 13.9% (P<0.05). After different dust removal treatments, the aflatoxin content in peanut vine hay was significantly reduced. Compared with the control group, the aflatoxin content in the TC, YC, and TC+YC groups decreased by 37.6%, 33.8%, and 56.8%, respectively (P<0.05). Therefore, dust removal during field mechanical harvesting combined with dust removal before pelleting in livestock farms has a good effect on improving the nutritional value and aflatoxin content of peanut vine hay, which is beneficial to improving the nutritional value and feed utilization of peanut vine feed and reducing health and mortality problems caused by poisoning in livestock.

[0031] To verify the impact of different dust removal methods on subsequent sheep fattening, a feeding experiment was conducted.

[0032] Forty healthy male Tibetan sheep of similar age and weight were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with five replicates per group and four sheep per replicate. The pre-trial period was 7 days, and the formal trial period was 30 days. The peanut vines used in the control group were samples that had undergone dust removal before feeding, a common practice in current livestock farming. The samples used in the experimental group were samples that had undergone dust removal during field harvesting and before pelleting at the farm. Except for the different dust removal methods for the peanut vines, the feed formulas for both groups were identical: 30.4 parts corn flour, 7.6 parts peanut meal, 39.5 parts peanut vines (after one and two dust removal processes, respectively), 9.5 parts apple pomace, 8 parts prunella vulgaris, and 0.1% probiotics (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and yeast, with a total viable count of 9 × 10⁻⁶). 9 (cfu / g) and 5 parts premix. According to the feed formula, concentrate, roughage, and premix are mixed in proportion, and then probiotic agent is added at 0.1% by weight. After mixing, conditioning, pelleting, drying and cooling, pellets are made with a particle size of 1-2 cm and a moisture content of less than 12%.

[0033] Before the experiment, the sheepfolds were thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. After the sheepfolds were dry, the sheep were weighed, numbered, and grouped, and then dewormed and vaccinated. Management conditions were consistent, with each group arranged adjacent to each other, four sheep per pen. They were fed twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening (8:00 AM and 6:00 PM), with unlimited feeding amounts. Sufficient drinking water was ensured, hygiene was maintained, and regular disinfection was carried out. Weights were measured and recorded 1 day and 30 days after the start of the trial period. Before the end of the experiment, a digestion and metabolism test was conducted using the full feces collection method to determine nutrient digestibility. At the end of the experiment, five sheep were randomly selected from each group, and blood was collected from the carotid artery. The blood plasma was centrifuged at 3800 rpm for 20 minutes and stored at -20℃. Blood physiological, biochemical, immune, and antioxidant indicators were measured using reagent kits.

[0034] Experimental results: (1) The effects of TMR diets treated with different dust removal methods on the growth performance of Tibetan sheep are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0035] Table 2. Effects of TMR diets with different dust removal methods on the growth performance of Tibetan sheep.

[0036]

[0037] As shown in Table 2, feeding Tibetan sheep with peanut vines after mechanical harvesting and dust removal in the field resulted in a significant increase in weight gain, with a daily weight gain of 13% (P<0.05), which is beneficial for sheep fattening.

[0038] Table 3. Effects of TMR diets under different dust removal methods on serum biochemical parameters of Tibetan sheep.

[0039]

[0040] Table 3 shows that the TMR pellets made from peanut vines after two dust removal treatments had a significant impact on the serum biochemical indicators of Tibetan sheep. Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the urea nitrogen content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). This indicates that the nutritional value of peanut vines was improved after two dust removal treatments, which is beneficial to the absorption of nutrients by animals, promotes animal growth and development and organ development, and improves feed conversion rate.

[0041] The effects of TMR diets treated with different dust removal methods on serum antioxidant indices in Tibetan sheep are shown in Table 4.

[0042] Table 4. Effects of TMR diets under different dust removal methods on serum antioxidant indices in Tibetan sheep.

[0043]

[0044] It can be seen that the serum SOD content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the MDA content was significantly lower (P<0.05). Two dust removals of peanut vines are beneficial to improving serum antioxidant levels, coping with oxidative stress, and further improving meat quality.

[0045] Table 5. Effects of TMR diets under different dust removal methods on serum immune indicators in Tibetan sheep.

[0046]

[0047] Table 5 shows that the TMR pellets made from peanut vines after two dust removal treatments had a significant impact on the serum immune indicators of Tibetan sheep. Compared with the control group, the serum IgA, IgG, IgM, and IL-6 levels in the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). This indicates that a single dust removal before pelleting affects the body's immunity due to factors such as mycotoxins. After two dust removal treatments, the mycotoxin content was significantly reduced, thus decreasing the inflammatory response and improving the body's immune activity.

[0048] The nutritional value of peanut vines varies depending on the dust removal method used. Two dust removal processes significantly increased the nutritional value and also significantly improved the nutrient digestibility for Tibetan sheep. As shown in Table 6, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the digestibility of crude fat also showed an increasing trend. This indicates that mechanical harvesting and dust removal in the field has a good effect on the utilization of peanut vines as feed.

[0049] Table 6. Effects of TMR diets on nutrient digestibility in Tibetan sheep under different dust removal methods (%)

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Example 2

[0053] To further illustrate the application value of the TMR bio-granule feed produced in this invention for short-term fattening of Tibetan sheep and production of high-quality Tibetan mutton, fattening and slaughtering experiments of Tibetan sheep were conducted.

[0054] The following schemes 1-6 were used to prepare TMR bio-pellet feed for short-term fattening of Tibetan sheep, and the composition is shown in the table below.

[0055] raw material Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 cornmeal 30.4 30.4 30.4 24 24 24 Peanut Meal 7.6 7.6 7.6 6 6 6 Peanut vine grass powder 23.7 23.7 23.7 27 27 27 alfalfa meal 15.8 15.8 15.8 18 18 18 Prunella vulgaris 8 8 8 10 10 10 Apple pulp 9.5 9.5 9.5 11 11 11 premix 5 5 5 5 5 5 Compound probiotics (for fermentation) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Compound probiotics (for spraying) 0 0.1 0.2 0 0.1 0.2

[0056] Of the six options, each kilogram of premix contains 1g of iron, 0.5g of manganese, 0.005g of selenium, 0.015g of iodine, 1g of zinc, 0.15g of copper, 0.025g of cobalt, 125g of sulfur, and 2×10 of vitamin A. 5 IU, VD36×10 4IU, Vitamin E 0.2g, Sodium Chloride 250g, Calcium 60g, Phosphorus 45g.

[0057] Preparation method of TMR bio-pellet feed for short-term fattening Tibetan sheep:

[0058] S1: Peanut vine powder processing: The harvested whole peanut plants are dusted, roots are removed, stems and leaves are retained, and they are naturally sun-dried until the moisture content of the peanut vines drops to below 14%. They are then crushed and cleaned using a shredder, and after dust and impurities are removed again, they are mechanically crushed into powder.

[0059] S2: Alfalfa powder processing involves naturally drying alfalfa harvested from the budding stage to the initial flowering stage, followed by mechanical crushing and processing into powder.

[0060] S3: Prunella vulgaris processing: Prunella vulgaris is harvested in early summer, washed and dust-free, dried in the shade, and then processed into powder by mechanical crushing.

[0061] S4: Prepare a compound probiotic agent by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Clostridium butyricum, cellulase, isomaltooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, yeast extract powder, and milk powder to obtain a compound probiotic agent;

[0062] S5: Prepare fermentation material by mixing corn flour, peanut vine powder obtained from S1 treatment, alfalfa powder obtained from S2 treatment, apple pomace and selfheal obtained from S3 treatment, stirring evenly, adding the prescribed amount of compound probiotic agent, adjusting the moisture content to 50%-55%, and then sealing and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain fermentation material. Fermentation material is wet material and the amount used should not be too much.

[0063] S6: Prepare pellets. According to the formula, mix the remaining peanut meal, premixed feed and fermented feed, condition, granulate, dry and cool to make pellets. Optionally, use liquid spraying to add compound probiotic agent according to the plan to obtain the Tibetan sheep short-term fattening TMR biological pellets.

[0064] Tibetan sheep fattening and slaughtering experiment

[0065] Eighty healthy male Tibetan sheep of similar age and weight were selected and randomly divided into a control group and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3, with five replicates per group and four sheep per replicate. The pre-trial period was 7 days, and the formal trial period was 60 days.

[0066] Control group: 30.4 parts corn flour, 7.6 parts peanut meal, 39.5 parts peanut vines (dust removed twice before harvesting and granulation), 9.5 parts apple pomace, 8 parts selfheal, and 0.1% probiotics (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and yeast, with a total viable count of 9 × 10⁻⁶). 9 (cfu / g), 5 parts of premixed feed.

[0067] The experimental groups adopted implementation schemes 1, 2, and 3 respectively.

[0068] Before the experiment, the sheepfolds were thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. After the sheepfolds were dried, the sheep were weighed, numbered, and grouped, and then dewormed and vaccinated. Management conditions were consistent, with each group arranged adjacent to each other, four sheep per pen. They were fed twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening (8:00 AM and 6:00 PM), with unlimited feeding amounts, ensuring ample drinking water, maintaining hygiene, and regular disinfection. Weights were recorded 1 day and 60 days after the start of the trial period. Before the end of the experiment, a digestion and metabolism test was conducted using the full feces collection method to determine nutrient digestibility. At the end of the experiment, five sheep were randomly selected from each treatment group, and blood was collected from the carotid artery. The blood plasma was separated by centrifugation at 3800 rpm for 20 minutes and stored at -20℃. Blood physiological and biochemical, immunological, and antioxidant indicators were measured using reagent kits. After slaughter, slaughter performance, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid content were measured.

[0069] Experimental results: (1) The effects of TMR bio-particle feed on the growth performance of Tibetan sheep are shown in Table 7.

[0070] Table 7. Effects of TMR bio-pellet feed on the growth performance of Tibetan sheep.

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Table 7, feeding bio-pellet feed had no significant effect on the daily feed intake of Tibetan sheep (P<0.05). However, the daily weight gain of experimental groups 1 and 2 increased by 2.0% and 6.7% respectively compared with the control group. The daily weight gain of experimental group 3 increased significantly by 15.7% compared with the control group (P<0.05) and the feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (P<0.05). This indicates that the bio-pellet feed provided by the present invention significantly improves feed conversion efficiency.

[0073] (2) Effects of TMR bio-particle feed on serum biochemical indicators of Tibetan sheep

[0074] The effects of TMR bio-particle feed on serum biochemical indicators of Tibetan sheep are shown in Table 8.

[0075] Table 8. Effects of TMR bio-particle feed on serum biochemical parameters of Tibetan sheep.

[0076]

[0077] Compared with the control group, the serum total protein and globulin levels in experimental groups 2 and 3 were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level in experimental group 3 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Animal serum biochemical indicators reflect the metabolic status of nutrients to varying degrees. Total protein content reflects protein intake and the level of protein absorption and utilization. Increased total protein content is beneficial for promoting animal growth and development and improving feed conversion rate. Globulins include immunoglobulins and complement, which has high content and defensive functions, and can enhance the animal's resistance and prevent infection. AST is mainly distributed in the myocardium, followed by the liver, skeletal muscle, and kidneys. Normally, serum AST levels are low; when cells are damaged, cell membrane permeability increases, and serum AST concentration rises. Feeding TMR bio-pellet feed is beneficial for promoting the growth and development of Tibetan sheep and improving their resistance.

[0078] (3) The effect of TMR bio-particle feed on the antioxidant index of Tibetan sheep serum is shown in Table 9.

[0079] Table 9. Effects of TMR bio-particle feed on serum antioxidant indices in Tibetan sheep.

[0080]

[0081] As shown in Table 9, after feeding TMR bio-pellet feed, the serum T-AOC and GSH-Px values ​​of Tibetan sheep in the three experimental groups significantly increased (P<0.05), while the MDA value significantly decreased (P<0.05). Studies have found that the body's antioxidant defense system capacity is closely related to the animal's health. As the final product of lipid oxidation, MDA content reflects the degree of lipid peroxidation mediated by oxygen free radicals. GSH-Px reduces the formation of lipid peroxides and enhances the body's ability to resist oxidative damage. T-AOC comprehensively reflects the function of the body's antioxidant system and the effect of the combined action of multiple enzymes. The bio-pellet feed provided by this invention is beneficial for improving the serum antioxidant level of Tibetan sheep during short-term fattening, coping with oxidative stress, and improving meat quality.

[0082] (4) Effects of TMR bio-particle feed on serum immune indicators in Tibetan sheep

[0083] The effects of TMR bio-particle feed on serum immune indicators of Tibetan sheep are shown in Table 10.

[0084] Table 10 Effects of TMR bio-particle feed on serum immune indicators in Tibetan sheep

[0085]

[0086] After feeding with bio-pelleted feed, the serum immune indicators of the sheep in the experimental group all improved, with IL-2 significantly increasing (P<0.05). IL-2 is a type of cell growth factor in the immune system, playing an important role in the body's immune response and antiviral infection. This indicates that the double dust removal of peanut vines and the addition of compound probiotics used in this invention can significantly improve the serum immunity of Tibetan sheep during short-term fattening.

[0087] (5) The effect of TMR bio-particle feed on the nutrient digestion of Tibetan sheep is shown in Table 11.

[0088] Table 11. Effects of TMR bio-pellet feed on nutrient digestibility in Tibetan sheep (%)

[0089]

[0090] Compared with the control group, the digestibility of crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber in the three experimental groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). Apparent nutrient digestibility measures an animal's ability to absorb dietary nutrients. In this study, the apparent digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fiber increased after two additions of appropriate proportions of compound probiotics, and the enrichment of compound probiotics improved the fiber degradation efficiency.

[0091] (6) The effects of TMR bio-particle feed on the slaughter performance and meat quality of Tibetan sheep are shown in Table 12.

[0092] Table 12 Effects of TMR bio-pellet feed on slaughter performance and meat quality of Tibetan sheep

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] As shown in Table 12, compared with the control group, the dressing percentage of Tibetan sheep in Experiment 1 and 2 increased by 1.8% and 4.2%, respectively; the eye muscle area increased by 2.6% and 10.6%, respectively; and the crude protein content in the mutton increased by 2.9% and 5.0%, respectively. In Experiment 3, the dressing percentage increased by 7.8% (P<0.05), the eye muscle area increased by 15.4% (P<0.05), and the crude protein content in the mutton increased by 7.7% (P<0.05). Protein is an important indicator for evaluating the nutritional value of meat; the higher the protein content, the better the nutritional value of the meat. This indicates that the bio-pellet feed provided by this invention has a significant effect on improving dressing percentage and eye muscle area, and improving the meat quality of short-term fattening sheep.

[0096] (7) Effect of TMR bio-particles on amino acid content in muscle.

[0097] The types and contents of amino acids in muscle are important indicators for measuring its nutritional value, as shown in Table 13.

[0098] Table 13 Effects of TMR biomass pellets on amino acid content in muscle.

[0099]

[0100] Table 13 shows that the amino acid content in mutton changed after feeding with bio-pellet feed. In particular, the contents of leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, and histidine in experimental group 3 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Overall, the contents of flavor amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, and total amino acids in mutton increased in all three experimental groups, especially in experimental group 3 (P<0.05). This indicates that the bio-pellet feed provided by this invention can improve the nutritional value of short-term fattening mutton, enhance its flavor, and meet people's nutritional needs.

[0101] (8) Effect of TMR biomass pellets on fatty acid content in muscle

[0102] Fatty acids in muscle are not only an important factor affecting the taste of meat, but also play a vital role in human health and physiological function, as shown in Table 14.

[0103] Table 14 Effects of TMR biomass pellets on fatty acid content in muscle

[0104]

[0105] Table 14 shows that feeding with bio-pellet feed altered the fatty acid content in muscle. Specifically, the levels of oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linolenic acid (LAA) in experimental groups 3 were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). LAA, in particular, is an essential fatty acid that the human body cannot synthesize and plays a crucial role in lowering blood lipids and blood sugar, antioxidation, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and brain and retinal development. This indicates that the bio-pellet feed provided by this invention has the potential to improve the fatty acid composition of muscle, positively impacting the nutritional value of mutton and greatly enhancing its health benefits.

[0106] (9) The impact of TMR bio-pellet feed on the economic benefits of fattening Tibetan sheep is shown in Table 15.

[0107] Table 15. Impact of TMR bio-pellet feed on the economic benefits of fattening Tibetan sheep.

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] As shown in Table 15, feeding the bio-pellet feed increased the total weight gain of short-term fattening sheep by 2.3%, 4.6%, and 16.2%, respectively, and the gross profit increased by 3.4%, 6.6%, and 18.3%, respectively. Therefore, using the bio-pellet feed provided by this invention can improve the efficiency of short-term fattening.

[0111] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A TMR (Total Mixed Ration) bio-pellet feed for short-term fattening of Tibetan sheep, comprising the following components by dry matter weight: The mixture consists of 24-31 parts corn flour, 23-27 parts peanut vine meal, 15-18 parts alfalfa meal, 6-8 parts peanut meal, 9-11 parts apple pomace, 8-10 parts selfheal, 5 parts premix, and a compound probiotic agent. Each kilogram of premix contains 1g iron, 0.5g manganese, 0.005g selenium, 0.015g iodine, 1g zinc, 0.15g copper, 0.025g cobalt, 125g sulfur, and 2×10 vitamin A. 5 IU, VD 36×10 4 The compound probiotic agent is added at a rate of 0.1-0.3% of the total weight of the remaining raw materials. The Tibetan sheep short-term fattening TMR bio-granule feed is prepared by the following method: S1: Peanut vine powder processing: The harvested whole peanut plants are mechanically dusted in the field, the roots are removed, the stems and leaves are retained, and they are naturally sun-dried until the moisture content of the peanut vines drops to below 14%. They are then crushed and cleaned using a shredder, and after being dusted and impurities removed again before pelleting at the farm, they are mechanically crushed into powder. S2: Alfalfa powder processing involves naturally drying alfalfa harvested from the budding stage to the initial flowering stage, followed by mechanical crushing and processing into powder. S3: Prunella vulgaris processing: Prunella vulgaris is harvested in early summer, washed and dust-free, dried in the shade, and then processed into powder by mechanical crushing. S4: Prepare a compound probiotic agent by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Clostridium butyricum, cellulase, isomaltooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, yeast extract powder, and milk powder to obtain a compound probiotic agent; S5: Prepare fermented material. Mix corn flour, peanut vine powder obtained from S1 treatment, alfalfa powder obtained from S2 treatment, apple pomace, and selfheal obtained from S3 treatment in a weight ratio of 3:3:2:1:

1. Stir evenly, add 0.1% of the weight of the remaining raw materials in the granular material as a compound probiotic agent, adjust the moisture content to 50%-55%, and then ferment in a sealed container for 7-10 days to obtain fermented material. S6: Prepare pellets. According to the formula, mix the remaining formula raw materials with the fermented material, condition, granulate, dry and cool to make pellets. Then, using liquid spraying, add compound probiotic agent at 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the remaining raw materials in the pellets to obtain the Tibetan sheep short-term fattening TMR biological pellets.

2. The TMR bio-granular feed for short-term fattening Tibetan sheep according to claim 1, wherein, Based on dry matter weight, it consists of the following components: 30.4 parts corn flour, 23.7 parts peanut vine powder, 15.8 parts alfalfa powder, 7.6 parts peanut meal, 9.5 parts apple pomace, 8 parts selfheal, 5 parts premix, and 0.3 parts compound probiotics.

3. The TMR bio-granular feed for short-term fattening Tibetan sheep according to claim 1, wherein, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium lactis viable count ≥9×10 9 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥1×10 10 cfu / g, Clostridium butyricum ≥2×10 9 CFU / g, cellulase activity ≥10000 u / g, total viable count of compound probiotics ≥1×10⁻⁶ 10 cfu / g.

4. A method for preparing TMR bio-granules for short-term fattening Tibetan sheep according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising: S1: Peanut vine powder processing: The harvested whole peanut plants are mechanically dusted in the field, the roots are removed, the stems and leaves are retained, and they are naturally sun-dried until the moisture content of the peanut vines drops to below 14%. They are then crushed and cleaned using a shredder, and after being dusted and impurities removed again before pelleting at the farm, they are mechanically crushed into powder. S2: Alfalfa powder processing involves naturally drying alfalfa harvested from the budding stage to the initial flowering stage, followed by mechanical crushing and processing into powder. S3: Prunella vulgaris processing: Prunella vulgaris is harvested in early summer, washed and dust-free, dried in the shade, and then processed into powder by mechanical crushing. S4: Prepare a compound probiotic agent by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Clostridium butyricum, cellulase, isomaltooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, yeast extract powder, and milk powder to obtain a compound probiotic agent; S5: Prepare fermented material. Mix corn flour, peanut vine powder obtained from S1 treatment, alfalfa powder obtained from S2 treatment, apple pomace, and selfheal obtained from S3 treatment in a weight ratio of 3:3:2:1:

1. Stir evenly, add 0.1% of the weight of the remaining raw materials in the granular material as a compound probiotic agent, adjust the moisture content to 50%-55%, and then ferment in a sealed container for 7-10 days to obtain fermented material. S6: Prepare pellets. According to the formula, mix the remaining formula raw materials with the fermented material, condition, granulate, dry and cool to make pellets. Then, using liquid spraying, add compound probiotic agent at 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the remaining raw materials in the pellets to obtain the Tibetan sheep short-term fattening TMR biological pellets.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein, In S1, the aflatoxin content of peanut vine powder after two dust removal processes is reduced by more than 30%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein, In S2, the alfalfa hay powder raw material is screened and is green or light green powder with a grassy aroma. It is free of impurities, fermentation, mold, and clumping, and meets the second-level or higher quality grading standard for alfalfa hay powder.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein, In S6, the particle size of the cooled granules is 1-2 cm, and the moisture content is less than 12%.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein, In S6, the liquid spraying refers to dissolving the compound probiotic agent in water to obtain an aqueous solution, and spraying the aqueous solution onto the surface of the granules while the granules are being stirred.

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