A snap - lock type vibration - damping fastener and its design method

Abstract

Provide a snap - lock type vibration - damping fastener and its design method, including the snap - lock type vibration - damping fastener. On the one hand, the snap - lock type vibration - damping fastener solves the problem of unstable stiffness by using the method of isolation and limitation. On the other hand, the Z - shaped snap - lock method is adopted to ensure that when the adhesive force of the rubber layer of the composite cushion plate is insufficient, the connection between the various components of the composite cushion plate can still be maintained, avoiding the overall failure of the vibration - damping fastener due to the reduction of the adhesive force. The Z - shaped snap - lock structure design of the present invention effectively prevents the overall failure of the vibration - damping fastener, and the vertical stiffness of the fastener system is not affected by the torque of the cushion plate bolts; the lateral stiffness of the fastener system has the function of isolation and limitation and maintaining, and the stiffness is not affected by the torque of the cushion plate bolts, effectively reducing rail corrugation; the Z - shaped snap - lock structure design or the detachable structure design improves the anti - overturning and anti - torsion capabilities of the fastener system, which is suitable for popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fixing rail bars of fixed buildings for railways, and particularly relates to a snap-lock type vibration damping fastener and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the running process of an urban rail transit system, vibration shocks and noises are generated due to the impact between wheels and rails. The shock waves propagate in rails, tunnels, soil layers and ground buildings, generating corresponding vibrations, which have a very adverse impact on the surrounding environment and the overlying properties. In order to reduce the vibrations and noises caused by urban rail transit, the research and development of vibration damping fastener systems has become an essential task in the design of urban rail systems.

[0003] Currently, for existing vibration damping fasteners, when a train passes through, the elastic deformation of the rubber layer is used to absorb and attenuate the impact energy to reduce the vibration propagation of the rail system. However, due to factors such as inaccurate control of the torque of the soleplate bolts, too fast elastic attenuation of the rubber cushion layer, and the acting force of wheel-rail contact wear, abnormal deflection wave wear of the rail often occurs, the stiffness of the soleplate remains unstable, and the service life of the vibration damping fastener is low, resulting in a relatively rapid weakening of the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of the rail structure and a relatively high maintenance cost.

[0004] In addition, new urban construction systems are usually three-dimensional structures, and there are many overlying properties on urban rail transit, which puts forward higher requirements for the vibration reduction and noise reduction of rail transit. However, during the operation period of existing vibration damping fasteners, problems such as abnormal wave wear of the rail system and overall failure of the shock absorber often occur due to unstable stiffness maintenance, reduced bonding force of the vulcanized layer, and too small vertical stiffness. To solve the above problems, the following technical solutions are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention: Provide a snap-lock type vibration damping fastener and a design method thereof, and solve the technical problems of abnormal wave wear of the rail system and overall failure of the shock absorber caused by unstable stiffness maintenance, reduced bonding force of the vulcanized layer, and too small vertical stiffness of existing vibration damping fasteners through a vulcanized-bonded Z-shaped snap structure and a limiting and restricting structure.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention: A design method of a snap-lock type vibration damping fastener, including a snap-lock type vibration damping fastener; on the one hand, the snap-lock type vibration damping fastener uses the method of isolation and limitation to solve the problem of unstable stiffness; on the other hand, the Z-shaped snap-lock method is adopted to ensure that when the bonding force of the rubber layer of the composite soleplate is insufficient, the connection between the various components of the composite soleplate can still be maintained, avoiding the occurrence of the problem of overall failure of the vibration damping fastener due to reduced bonding force.

[0007] In the above technical solution, further: The snap-lock vibration damping fastener has a snap-type structure in which rubber and metal are vulcanized and bonded together to form a Z shape, and an isolation and limit structure.

[0008] In the above technical solution, further: The snap-type structure in which rubber and metal are vulcanized and bonded together to form a Z shape includes a rail support plate, a lower base plate, an intermediate elastic cushion I, and an elastic cushion plate that are vulcanized and bonded together; among them, convex and adapted lateral limit blocks are made in the middle of the left and right sides of the rail support plate and the lower base plate, and an elastic cushion plate is arranged between the lateral limit blocks on the outside and between the rail support plate and the lower base plate; an intermediate elastic cushion I is arranged between the lateral limit blocks on the inside and between the rail support plate and the lower base plate; the intermediate elastic cushion I and the lateral limit block parts of the rail support plate and the lower base plate form a Z-shaped snap-type structure.

[0009] In the above technical solution, further: The snap-type structure in which rubber and metal are vulcanized and bonded together to form a Z shape includes a left composite cushion plate and a right composite cushion plate that are respectively vulcanized and bonded together, and also includes a metal middle support plate with an inverted T-shaped structure in the longitudinal section; the left composite cushion plate and the right composite cushion plate respectively include an upper support plate, a lower support plate, and an intermediate elastic cushion II that are vulcanized and bonded together; the horizontal arms at the left and right ends of the T-shaped structure of the metal middle support plate are incorporated between the upper support plate and the lower support plate, and the outer ends of the metal middle support plate are inclined and fitted with the inner ends of the intermediate elastic cushion II; and the metal middle support plate, the intermediate elastic cushion II, the upper support plate, and the lower support plate are detachably spliced and connected together to form a Z-shaped snap-type structure.

[0010] In the above technical solution, further: The left and right ends of the intermediate elastic cushion I are in a Z-shaped structure that is axisymmetric left and right; and the intermediate elastic cushion I has no sharp corners and all are rounded transitions; the horizontal thickness H2 of the Z-shaped structure at the left and right ends of the intermediate elastic cushion I is 5 to 15 mm; the thickness H3 at the Z-shaped turning point of the Z-shaped structure of the intermediate elastic cushion I is 10 to 30 mm; the horizontal thickness H1 of the middle part of the intermediate elastic cushion I is 5 to 15 mm; the outward folding angle θ1 of the Z-shaped structure of the intermediate elastic cushion I is 120° to 150°.

[0011] In the above technical solution, further: The intermediate elastic cushion II is arranged between the outside of the upper support plate and the lower support plate; the metal middle support plate is arranged between the inside of the upper support plate and the lower support plate; and the inner end of the intermediate elastic cushion II is inclined and fitted with the outer end of the metal middle support plate to form a Z-shaped structure; the thickness h1 of the Z-shaped outer edge of the Z-shaped structure of the intermediate elastic cushion II is 5 to 15 mm; the thickness h2 at the Z-shaped turning point of the Z-shaped structure of the intermediate elastic cushion II is 20 to 50 mm; the folding angle θ2 of the inclined slope of the intermediate elastic cushion II is 30° to 60°.

[0012] In the above technical solution, further: the lateral limiting block separates the fastening assembly I from the elastic strip assembly I and forms an isolation limiting structure; the fastening assembly I includes a base plate bolt and a spring washer I; the elastic strip assembly I includes a gauge block I, a cap nut I, a plain washer I, an elastic strip I, a T-bolt I, and an iron seat.

[0013] In the above technical solution, further: it also includes an under-rail rubber pad I and an under-plate rubber pad I; the under-rail rubber pad I is adapted to the length of the rail base; the under-plate rubber pad I is arranged parallel to the elastic pad at an upper and lower interval, and the base plate bolt passes through both the elastic pad and the under-plate rubber pad I.

[0014] In the above technical solution, further: it also includes an under-plate rubber pad II, a first turnout sleeper bolt assembly, a second turnout sleeper bolt assembly, and an under-rail rubber pad II; the longitudinal section of the under-plate rubber pad II is an inverted T-shaped structure, and the right-angle turning part of the T-shaped under-plate rubber pad II is adapted to fit the lower bearing plate; the thickness h3 of the thin part of the under-plate rubber pad II is 5 - 15 mm; the thickness h4 of the thick part of the under-plate rubber pad II is 10 - 20 mm; the under-rail rubber pad II is adapted to the length of the rail base.

[0015] In the above technical solution, further: the first turnout sleeper bolt assembly detachably fastens and connects the upper bearing plate, the lower bearing plate, the metal middle bearing plate, and the under-plate rubber pad II into one body; and the first turnout sleeper bolt assembly separates the second turnout sleeper bolt assembly from the elastic strip assembly II, laterally limits it, and forms an isolation limiting structure.

[0016] In the above technical solution, further: the second turnout sleeper bolt assembly fastens and connects the upper bearing plate, the lower bearing plate, the intermediate elastic cushion II, and the under-plate rubber pad II into one body, and it also includes a spring washer II.

[0017] In the above technical solution, further: the elastic strip assembly II includes a gauge block II, a cap nut II, a plain washer II, an elastic strip II, and a T-bolt II.

[0018] In the above technical solution, further: it includes dimension design, and the dimension design is obtained by the method of presetting parameters through theoretical calculation, and includes the following steps:

[0019] S001. Calculate the influence degree of the elastic layer on the stiffness of the fastener system by the method of theoretical calculation;

[0020] S002. Determine the elastic material according to the vibration reduction goal to be achieved;

[0021] S003. Analyze the influence degree of the elastic layer thickness and the elastic layer outward folding angle on the stiffness of the fastener system when using the same material;

[0022] S004. Preset the parameter range according to the vibration reduction goal to be achieved;

[0023] S005. Determine the optimal elastic layer thickness and elastic layer outer folding angle using the target value optimization model.

[0024] The present invention also claims a snap - lock vibration - damping fastener, including the snap - lock vibration - damping fastener designed by any of the design methods of the snap - lock vibration - damping fastener.

[0025] Advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art:

[0026] 1. The vulcanized and bonded Z - type snap - lock structure and the limiting and restricting structures of the present invention are combined to achieve the vibration damping of the fastener system, avoid the overall failure of the fastener system, increase the service life of the vibration - damping fastener system, and maintain the stability of the stiffness of the fastener system; solve the technical problems of abnormal wave wear of the track system and the overall failure of the shock absorber caused by the unstable stiffness maintenance, reduced bonding force of the vulcanized layer, and too small vertical stiffness of the vibration - damping fastener.

[0027] 2. The present invention independently separates the position of the switch sleeper bolt connection from the composite sleeper plate, and adopts a left - middle - right three - section bolt combination structure; that is, a lateral limit is set to effectively strengthen the stability of the lateral stiffness of the composite sleeper plate, avoid the unstable factors caused by the switch sleeper bolts from affecting the stiffness of the sleeper plate node, and strengthen the stability of the vertical stiffness of the sleeper plate; therefore, the action range of the shear adhesive layer is separated from the action range of the switch sleeper bolts, avoiding the problem that the stiffness of the sleeper plate node is affected by the unstable factors caused by the switch sleeper bolts.

[0028] 3. The present invention adopts a Z - shaped snap - lock combined with a vulcanized bonding structure. When the bonding force of the vulcanized bonding layer decreases or fails, the Z - shaped snap - lock structure can continue to maintain the connection between the various components of the composite sleeper plate; for the detachable snap - type composite sleeper plate, when the bonding force of the vulcanized bonding layer decreases or fails, the double - switch sleeper bolts and the snap - lock structure can continue to maintain the connection between the various components of the composite sleeper plate, strengthening the stability of the torsional stiffness; if the vulcanized rubber layer further fails, only the left and right composite sleeper plates need to be replaced, reducing the maintenance cost.

[0029] 4. The Z - shaped snap - lock structure design of the present invention effectively prevents the overall failure of the vibration - damping fastener; the vertical stiffness of the fastener system is not affected by the torque of the sleeper plate bolts; the lateral stiffness of the fastener system has an isolation and limiting function, and the stiffness is not affected by the torque of the sleeper plate bolts, effectively reducing rail wave wear; the Z - shaped snap - lock structure design or the detachable structure design improves the anti - overturning and anti - torsional capabilities of the fastener system, which is suitable for popularization. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 It is the front view of the first technical solution of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the partial detail drawing of the technical solution;

[0032] Figure 3 For Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the size of the intermediate elastic cushion layer Ⅰ of the technical solution;

[0033] Figure 4 Front view of the second technical solution of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 For Figure 4 Partial detail drawing of the technical solution;

[0035] Figure 6 For Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the size of the intermediate elastic cushion layer Ⅱ of the technical solution;

[0036] Figure 7 For Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the size of the rubber cushion plate Ⅱ under the slab in the technical solution;

[0037] In the figure: 1 - crosstie plate, 2 - lower bottom plate, 3 - intermediate elastic cushion layer Ⅰ, 4 - elastic cushion plate, 5 - lateral limiting block, 7 - left composite cushion plate, 8 - right composite cushion plate, 9 - metal middle crosstie plate, 10 - upper crosstie plate, 11 - lower crosstie plate, 12 - intermediate elastic cushion layer Ⅱ, 13 - rubber cushion plate Ⅱ under the slab, 14 - first switch tie bolt assembly, 15 - second switch tie bolt assembly, 16 - rubber cushion plate Ⅱ under the rail;

[0038] 5 - 101 pad bolt, 5 - 102 spring washer Ⅰ, 5 - 201 gauge block Ⅰ, 5 - 202 cap nut Ⅰ, 5 - 203 flat washer Ⅰ, 5 - 204 elastic clip Ⅰ, 5 - 205 T - bolt Ⅰ, 5 - 206 iron seat; 501 - rubber cushion plate Ⅰ under the rail, 502 - rubber cushion plate Ⅰ under the slab; 1401 - spring washer Ⅱ, 1402 - gauge block Ⅱ, 1043 - cap nut Ⅱ, 1404 - flat washer Ⅱ, 1405 - elastic clip Ⅱ, 1406 - T - bolt Ⅱ. Specific embodiments

[0039] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the attached Figures 1-7 . Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] A design method for a snap - lock type vibration - damping fastener, including a snap - lock type vibration - damping fastener; on the one hand, the snap - lock type vibration - damping fastener solves the problem of unstable stiffness by using the method of isolation and limit; on the other hand, the Z - shaped snap - lock method is adopted to ensure that when the adhesive force of the composite cushion plate in the rubber layer is insufficient, the connection between the various components of the composite cushion plate can still be maintained, avoiding the overall failure of the vibration - damping fastener due to the reduction of the adhesive force. That is, the Z - shaped snap - lock design structure is adopted to solve the above - mentioned problems.

[0041] Because, the Z - shaped snap - lock scheme has an improved snap - locking effect and is more reliable compared with other simple convex and concave limit schemes on the market. In addition, the vulcanized and bonded Z - shaped snap - lock structure of the present invention is combined with the limit and restriction structures to achieve vibration damping of the fastener system, avoid the overall failure of the fastener system, increase the service life of the vibration - damping fastener system, and maintain the stability of the stiffness of the fastener system; solve the technical problems such as abnormal wave wear of the track system and the overall failure of the shock absorber caused by the unstable stiffness maintenance, the reduction of the adhesive force of the vulcanized layer, and the too small vertical stiffness of the vibration - damping fastener.

[0042] (such as Figure 1 、 Figure 4 shown) In the above - mentioned embodiment, further: The snap - lock type vibration - damping fastener has a snap - lock structure in which rubber and metal are vulcanized and bonded into a Z - shape and an isolation limit and restriction structure. That is, the invention point of the present invention, in addition to continuing the structure based on the vulcanized bonding of rubber and metal into one body, adopts a Z - shaped snap - lock combined with a vulcanized bonding structure. When the adhesive force of the vulcanized bonding layer decreases or fails, the connection between the various components of the composite cushion plate can be maintained through the Z - shaped snap - lock structure.

[0043] Regarding the Z - shaped snap - lock technical solution, it includes the following two technical solutions and specific embodiments:

[0044] Technical solution (embodiment) one: (such as Figure 2 shown) In the above - mentioned embodiment, further: The snap - lock structure in which rubber and metal are vulcanized and bonded into a Z - shape includes a crosstie plate 1, a lower bottom plate 2, an intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3, and an elastic cushion plate 4 that are vulcanized and bonded with metal into one body. Among them, the crosstie plate 1 and the lower bottom plate 2 are made of metal, and the intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3 is made of non - metal elastic material. The middle parts of the left and right sides of the crosstie plate 1 and the lower bottom plate 2 are provided with convex - adapted transverse limit blocks 5. An elastic cushion plate 4 is arranged between the transverse limit blocks 5 on the outer side and between the crosstie plate 1 and the lower bottom plate 2; an intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3 is arranged between the transverse limit blocks 5 on the inner side and between the crosstie plate 1 and the lower bottom plate 2; the intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3 and the transverse limit blocks 5 of the crosstie plate 1 and the lower bottom plate 2 form a Z - shaped snap - lock structure. And the crosstie plate 1, the lower bottom plate 2, the intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3, and the elastic cushion plate 4 are vulcanized and bonded into one body, thereby improving the structural strength and avoiding the occurrence of failure problems.

[0045] Technical solution (Embodiment) II: (As Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown) In the above embodiment, further: The rubber and metal vulcanized and bonded into an integrated Z-shaped snap structure includes a left composite backing plate 7 and a right composite backing plate 8 that are vulcanized and bonded into an integrated metal, and also includes a metal middle bearing plate 9 with an inverted T-shaped cross-section. The left composite backing plate 7 and the right composite backing plate 8 respectively include an upper bearing plate 10, a lower bearing plate 11, and an intermediate elastic cushion layer II 12 that are vulcanized and bonded into an integrated metal. That is, the upper bearing plate 10, the lower bearing plate 11, and the intermediate elastic cushion layer II 12 are vulcanized into an integrated structure, and the rest of the structure is a detachable component. On this basis, the horizontal arms at both ends of the T-shaped structure of the metal middle bearing plate 9 are incorporated between the upper bearing plate 10 and the lower bearing plate 11, and the outer ends of the metal middle bearing plate 9 are inclined and fitted with the inner ends of the intermediate elastic cushion layer II to form a shear force; and the metal middle bearing plate 9 is detachably spliced and connected with the intermediate elastic cushion layer II, the upper bearing plate 10, and the lower bearing plate 11 to form an integrated Z-shaped snap structure, that is, the improved composite Z-shaped lock structure effectively improves the structural strength, maintains stability, and prevents failure.

[0046] (As Figure 3 shown) On the basis of Technical solution I, further: The left and right ends of the intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3 are in a Z-shaped structure that is axisymmetric about the left and right; and the intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3 has no sharp corners and is all rounded at the transitions to avoid stress concentration problems.

[0047] It should be noted that: The present invention includes dimension design, and the dimension design is obtained by the method of theoretically calculating preset parameters, and includes the following steps:

[0048] S001. Calculate the influence degree of the elastic layer on the stiffness of the fastener system by the method of theoretical calculation;

[0049] S002. Determine the elastic material according to the vibration reduction target to be achieved;

[0050] S003. Analyze the influence degree of the elastic layer thickness and the elastic layer outer folding angle on the stiffness of the fastener system when using the same material;

[0051] S004. Preset the parameter range according to the vibration reduction target to be achieved;

[0052] S005. Use the target value optimization model to determine the optimal elastic layer thickness and elastic layer outer folding angle. Therefore, the following technical solution is obtained.

[0053] Based on Technical Solution 1, preferably: the horizontal thickness H2 of the Z-shaped structures at the left and right ends of the intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3 is 5 - 15 mm; the thickness H3 at the Z-shaped turning point of the Z-shaped structure of the intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3 is 10 - 30 mm; the horizontal thickness H1 in the middle of the intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3 is 5 - 15 mm; the outward folding angle θ1 of the Z-shaped structure of the intermediate elastic cushion layer I 3 is 120° - 150°.

[0054] Dimension Example 1: (maximum value) H1 = 15 mm, H2 = 15 mm, H3 = 30 mm, θ1 = 150°

[0055] Dimension Example 2: (optimal value) H1 = 10 mm, H2 = 10 mm, H3 = 20 mm, θ1 = 120°

[0056] Dimension Example 3: (minimum value) H1 = 5 mm, H2 = 5 mm, H3 = 10 mm, θ1 = 120°.

[0057] (as Figure 6 shown) Based on Technical Solution 2, further: the intermediate elastic cushion layer II 12 is arranged between the outer sides of the upper bearing plate 10 and the lower bearing plate 11; the metal middle bearing plate 9 is arranged between the inner sides of the upper bearing plate 10 and the lower bearing plate 11; and the inner end of the intermediate elastic cushion layer II 12 is inclined and fitted with the outer end of the metal middle bearing plate 9 to form a Z-shaped structure.

[0058] (as Figure 6 shown) The thickness h1 of the Z-shaped outer edge of the Z-shaped structure of the intermediate elastic cushion layer II 12 is 5 - 15 mm; the thickness h2 at the Z-shaped turning point of the Z-shaped structure of the intermediate elastic cushion layer II 12 is 20 - 50 mm; the folding angle θ2 of the inclined slope of the intermediate elastic cushion layer II 12 is 30° - 60°.

[0059] Dimension Example 1: (maximum value) h1 = 15 mm, h2 = 50 mm, θ2 = 60°

[0060] Dimension Example 2: (optimal value) h1 = 10 mm, h2 = 30 mm, θ2 = 60°

[0061] Dimension Example 3: (minimum value) h1 = 5 mm, h2 = 20 mm, θ2 = 30°.

[0062] (as Figure 1As shown in the figure), on the basis of Technical Solution 1, further: The lateral limit block 5 separates the fastening assembly I from the elastic strip assembly I and forms an isolation limit structure; that is, it avoids the occurrence of failure problems caused by sliding displacement or loosening of fasteners. The fastening assembly I includes a base plate bolt 5-101 and a spring washer I 5-102; the spring washer I 5-102 is used to ensure the elastic buffer function of the fastening connection. The elastic strip assembly I includes a gauge block I 5-201, a cap nut I 5-202, a flat washer I 5-203, an elastic strip I 5-204, a T-bolt I 5-205, and an iron seat 5-206. The cap nut I 5-202 is used to have a dust-proof effect. The T-bolt I 5-205 can be automatically positioned and locked.

[0063] (as Figure 1 shown) On the basis of Technical Solution 1, further: It also includes an under-rail rubber pad I 501 and an under-board rubber pad I 502. The under-rail rubber pad I 501 is adapted to the length of the rail bottom; the under-board rubber pad I 502 is arranged parallel to the elastic pad 4 at an upper and lower interval, and the base plate bolt 5-101 passes through both the elastic pad 4 and the under-board rubber pad I 502. That is, it ensures the elastic buffer and vibration reduction effect at the fastening connection point.

[0064] (as Figure 4 shown) On the basis of Technical Solution 2, further: It also includes an under-board rubber pad II 13, a first switch sleeper bolt assembly 14, a second switch sleeper bolt assembly 15, and an under-rail rubber pad II 16. That is, a technical solution with multiple four-bolt assemblies is adopted to achieve the isolation and separation function.

[0065] (as Figure 7 shown) On the basis of Technical Solution 2, the longitudinal section of the under-board rubber pad II 13 is in an inverted T-shaped structure, and the right-angle turning point of the inverted T-shaped under-board rubber pad II 13 fits with the lower bearing plate 11; the thickness h3 of the thin part of the under-board rubber pad II 13 is 5 - 15 mm; the thickness h4 of the thick part of the under-board rubber pad II 13 is 10 - 20 mm; the under-rail rubber pad II 16 is adapted to the length of the rail bottom.

[0066] Dimension Example 1: (maximum value) h3 = 15 mm, h4 = 20 mm

[0067] Dimension Example 2: (optimal value) h3 = 10 mm, h4 = 15 mm

[0068] Dimension Example 3: (minimum value) h3 = 5 mm, h4 = 10 mm.

[0069] (as Figure 4As shown in the figure), on the basis of Technical Solution (Embodiment) 2, further: The first switch sleeper bolt assembly 14 detachably and firmly connects the upper bearing plate 10, the lower bearing plate 11, the metal middle bearing plate 9, and the rubber pad II 13 under the plate into one body; that is, the detachable replacement function is realized. And the first switch sleeper bolt assembly 14 separates the second switch sleeper bolt assembly 15 from the elastic strip assembly II, laterally limits them, and forms an isolation and limit structure, which is the core inventive point.

[0070] (As Figure 4 shown) On the basis of Technical Solution 2, further: The second switch sleeper bolt assembly 15 firmly connects the upper bearing plate 10, the lower bearing plate 11, the intermediate elastic cushion II 12, and the rubber pad II 13 under the plate into one body, and further includes a spring washer II 1401. That is, the elastic buffer and vibration reduction function at the fastening point is realized.

[0071] (As Figure 4 shown) On the basis of Technical Solution 2, further: The elastic strip assembly II includes a gauge block II 1402, a cap nut II 1403, a plain washer II 1404, an elastic strip II 1405, and a T-bolt II 1406. The effects of the above components are the same as those described above and will not be elaborated.

[0072] The present invention also claims protection for a snap-lock type vibration damping fastener, including a snap-lock type vibration damping fastener designed by the design method of any of the above-mentioned snap-lock type vibration damping fasteners.

[0073] The snap-lock type vibration damping fastener has a snap-lock structure in which rubber and metal are vulcanized and bonded into a Z shape and an isolation and limit structure.

[0074] First of all, it should be noted that: The purpose of setting the isolation and limit structure is to ensure the stability of the structural lateral stiffness by limiting the lateral displacement of the limit structure, so as to avoid the occurrence of rail corrugation wear caused by excessive lateral stiffness or unstable lateral stiffness. It does not limit the functions of the fastening assembly and the elastic strip assembly.

[0075] Generally speaking: On the one hand, the technical improvement point of the present invention uses the method of isolation and limit to solve the problem of unstable stiffness; on the other hand, it uses the Z-shaped snap-lock method to ensure that when the adhesive force of the rubber layer in the composite pad is insufficient, the connection between the various components of the composite pad can still be maintained, and the problem of the overall failure of the vibration damping fastener due to the reduction of the adhesive force is avoided. That is, the Z-shaped snap-lock design structure is used to solve the above problems.

[0076] Because the Z-shaped snap-fastening solution improves the locking and clamping effect and is more reliable than other simple convex and concave limiting solutions on the market. In addition, the vulcanized bonded Z-shaped snap-fastening structure of the present invention, combined with the limiting and restricting structures, realizes the vibration reduction of the fastener system, avoids the overall failure of the fastener system, increases the service life of the vibration-reducing fastener system, and maintains the stability of the stiffness of the fastener system; it solves the technical problems of abnormal wave wear of the track system and the overall failure of the shock absorber caused by the unstable stiffness maintenance, reduced bonding force of the vulcanized layer, and too small vertical stiffness of the vibration-reducing fastener.

[0077] It can be found from the above description that the present invention independently separates the position of the switch sleeper bolt connection from the composite sleeper plate, and adopts a three-section bolt combination structure of left, middle, and right; that is, by setting lateral limits, the lateral stiffness stability of the composite sleeper plate is effectively strengthened, and the influence of unstable factors caused by the switch sleeper bolts on the stiffness of the sleeper plate node is avoided, and the vertical stiffness stability of the sleeper plate is strengthened; therefore, the action range of the shear adhesive layer is separated from the action range of the switch sleeper bolts, avoiding the problem of the influence of unstable factors caused by the switch sleeper bolts on the stiffness of the sleeper plate node.

[0078] The present invention adopts a Z-shaped snap-fastening combined with a vulcanized bonding structure. When the bonding force of the vulcanized bonding layer decreases or fails, the connection between the various components of the composite sleeper plate can be maintained through the Z-shaped snap-fastening structure; for the detachable snap-type composite sleeper plate, when the bonding force of the vulcanized bonding layer decreases or fails, the connection between the various components of the composite sleeper plate can be maintained through the double switch sleeper bolts and the snap-fastening structure, strengthening the stability of the torsional stiffness; if the vulcanized rubber layer further fails, only the left and right composite sleeper plates need to be replaced, reducing the maintenance cost.

[0079] In summary, the present invention adopts a Z-shaped snap-fastening structure design to effectively prevent the overall failure of the vibration-reducing fastener; the vertical stiffness of the fastener system is not affected by the torque of the sleeper plate bolts; the lateral stiffness of the fastener system has an isolation and limiting function, and the stiffness is not affected by the torque of the sleeper plate bolts, effectively reducing rail corrugation; the Z-shaped snap-fastening structure design or the detachable structure design improves the anti-overturning and anti-torsion capabilities of the fastener system and is suitable for promotion.

[0080] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other, and the differences between each embodiment and other embodiments are emphasized.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a snap - lock type vibration - damping fastener, characterized in that: It includes a snap - lock vibration - damping fastener. On the one hand, the snap - lock vibration - damping fastener solves the problem of unstable stiffness by using the methods of isolation and limitation. On the other hand, it uses the Z - shaped snap - lock method to ensure that when the adhesive force of the composite cushion plate in the rubber layer is insufficient, the connection between the various components of the composite cushion plate can still be maintained, avoiding the overall failure of the vibration - damping fastener due to the reduction of the adhesive force. The snap - lock vibration - damping fastener has a snap - type structure in which rubber and metal are vulcanized and bonded together in a Z - shape and an isolation and limitation structure. The snap - type structure in which rubber and metal are vulcanized and bonded together in a Z - shape includes a left composite cushion plate (7) and a right composite cushion plate (8) that are vulcanized and bonded with metal as a whole, and also includes a metal middle bearing plate (9) with an inverted T - shaped cross - section. The left composite cushion plate (7) and the right composite cushion plate (8) respectively include an upper bearing plate (10), a lower bearing plate (11), and an intermediate elastic cushion layer II (12) that are vulcanized and bonded with metal as a whole. The horizontal arms at both ends of the T - shaped structure of the metal middle bearing plate (9) are inserted between the upper bearing plate (10) and the lower bearing plate (11), and the outer end of the metal middle bearing plate (9) is inclined and fitted with the inner end of the intermediate elastic cushion layer II (12). And the metal middle bearing plate (9) is detachably spliced and connected with the intermediate elastic cushion layer II (12), the upper bearing plate (10), and the lower bearing plate (11) to form a Z - shaped snap - type structure. It also includes a rubber cushion plate II (13) under the slab, a first switch sleeper bolt assembly (14), a second switch sleeper bolt assembly (15), and a rubber cushion plate II (16) under the rail. The rubber cushion plate II (13) under the slab has an inverted T - shaped cross - section, and the right - angled turning part of the T - shaped rubber cushion plate II (13) under the slab is fitted with the lower bearing plate (11). The thickness h3 of the thin part of the rubber cushion plate II (13) under the slab is 5 - 15 mm, and the thickness h4 of the thick part is 10 - 20 mm. The rubber cushion plate II (16) under the rail is adapted to the length of the rail bottom. The first switch sleeper bolt assembly (14) detachably fastens and connects the upper bearing plate (10), the lower bearing plate (11), the metal middle bearing plate (9), and the rubber cushion plate II (13) under the slab as a whole. And the first switch sleeper bolt assembly (14) separates the second switch sleeper bolt assembly (15) from the elastic clip assembly II and limits it laterally to form an isolation and limitation structure. The second switch sleeper bolt assembly (15) fastens and connects the upper bearing plate (10), the lower bearing plate (11), the intermediate elastic cushion layer II (12), and the rubber cushion plate II (13) under the slab as a whole, and also includes a spring washer II (1401).

2. The design method of the snap-lock type vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle elastic cushion II (12) is arranged between the outer sides of the upper bearing plate (10) and the lower bearing plate (11); the metal middle bearing plate (9) is arranged between the inner sides of the upper bearing plate (10) and the lower bearing plate (11); and the inner end of the middle elastic cushion II (12) is inclined and fitted with the outer end of the metal middle bearing plate (9) to form a Z-shaped structure; the thickness h1 of the Z-shaped outer edge of the Z-shaped structure of the middle elastic cushion II (12) is 5-15 mm; the thickness h2 of the Z-shaped turning point of the Z-shaped structure of the middle elastic cushion II (12) is 20-50 mm; the folding angle θ2 of the inclined slope of the middle elastic cushion II (12) is 30°-60°.

3. The design method of the snap-lock type vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic clip assembly II includes a gauge block II (1402), a cap nut II (1403), a flat washer II (1404), an elastic clip II (1405), and a T-shaped bolt II (1406).

4. The design method of the snap-lock type vibration damping fastener according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It includes dimension design, and the dimension design is obtained by the method of presetting parameters through theoretical calculation, and includes the following steps: S001. Calculate the influence degree of the elastic layer on the stiffness of the fastener system by the method of theoretical calculation; S002. Determine the elastic material according to the vibration reduction goal to be achieved; S003. Analyze the influence degree of the elastic layer thickness and the elastic layer outward folding angle on the stiffness of the fastener system when using the same material; S004. Preset the parameter range according to the vibration reduction goal to be achieved; S005. Use the target value optimization model to determine the optimal elastic layer thickness and the elastic layer outward folding angle.

5. A snap-lock type vibration damping fastener, characterized in that: It includes a snap-lock vibration reduction fastener designed by the design method of the snap-lock vibration reduction fastener according to any one of claims 1-4.

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