A bogie bolster spring decomposition and alignment auxiliary system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bogie bolster spring disassembly and alignment auxiliary system. When disassembling the existing bogie bolster spring, manual disassembly is mainly adopted, and the operation efficiency is low. The present invention includes a main body rotating mechanism, which is fixedly connected to the ground and can realize the circumferential rotation of the bogie; it also includes a jacking mechanism, a bogie front and rear centering mechanism and a bolster jacking mechanism; the jacking mechanism is used to land the bogie on the alignment device, and the bogie front and rear centering mechanism is used to align the front and rear positions of the side frames on both sides; the bogie front and rear centering mechanism is provided with side frame left and right centering mechanisms at the four load-bearing saddle positions of the side frames; the bolster jacking mechanism can realize jacking up the bolster until the bolster contacts the side frame. The present invention solves the positioning problem when the bogie bolster spring is automatically disassembled, saves a lot of labor costs, and improves the accuracy, safety and disassembly efficiency of the bogie bolster spring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of railway freight car maintenance, and in particular relates to a bogie bolster spring decomposition and alignment auxiliary system. Background Art

[0002] During bogie maintenance, the bogie bolster springs need to be removed from the bogie for inspection. Currently, this process is performed by a robotic arm. This requires the bogie to be in the standard position; otherwise, the arm will be unable to accurately determine the spacing and position of the bolster springs. However, during bogie maintenance, gaps and shifting occur between the sideframes and bolsters. These shifting positions can affect the removal of the bogie bolster springs. To meet the dimensional requirements of the bolster spring removal robot, the bogie must be positioned in the standard position.

[0003] During the bogie maintenance process, the bogie is inspected in sequence through the bogie assembly line. Due to the position deviation of the bogie on the assembly line robot during the bogie maintenance process, and the position shift between the bolster and the side frame will occur during the maintenance process, when it reaches the bolster spring disassembly station, the bolster spring disassembly robot has high requirements for the disassembly and positioning accuracy of the bolster spring, especially the left and right offset and front and back shift of the side frames on both sides will affect the disassembly of the bolster spring, so the bogie needs to be landed on the bogie alignment system for overall alignment. The disassembly of the bolster spring and the bevel wedge needs to ensure the accurate positioning of the bogie to ensure that the bolster spring and the bevel wedge can be disassembled smoothly.

[0004] Existing bogie bolster spring disassembly is primarily done manually, primarily by manually aligning the bogie to facilitate disassembly. However, this method, relying solely on manual labor and lacking any technical expertise, is outdated, inefficient, and poses significant safety risks. This existing method carries extremely high labor costs and a high risk factor, becoming a major source of hazard for workshop safety management and posing significant safety risks to workshop personnel and equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a bogie bolster spring disassembly and alignment auxiliary system, which can position the rocker and side frame in the bogie. After the bogie is aligned, the bolster spring disassembly robot can smoothly disassemble the bolster spring.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A bogie bolster spring decomposition and alignment auxiliary system includes a main body rotation mechanism fixedly connected to the ground and capable of realizing circumferential rotation of the bogie;

[0008] It also includes a jacking mechanism, a bogie front and rear centering mechanism, and a bolster jacking mechanism;

[0009] The jacking mechanism is used to land the bogie on the positioning device, and the front and rear centering mechanism of the bogie is used to align the front and rear positions of the side frames on both sides;

[0010] Side frame left and right centering mechanisms are respectively provided on the front and rear centering mechanisms of the bogie and at the four bearing saddle positions of the side frame;

[0011] The bolster lifting mechanism can lift the bolster until the bolster contacts the side frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the main body rotation mechanism includes a base, and the base is fixedly arranged on the ground;

[0013] A slewing support is fixed on the top surface of the base, and the top surface of the slewing support is rotatably connected to a rotating integral frame through screws.

[0014] Furthermore, the rotating integral frame includes a main frame, and linear slide rails are respectively provided at the four corners of the main frame and along the height direction, and sliders are slidably provided on the linear slide rails;

[0015] The rotating motor assembly drives the slewing support to rotate, and the axial direction of the rotating motor assembly is consistent with the height direction;

[0016] The left and right sides of the main frame are respectively provided with lifting motors, and the lifting motors are arranged along the height direction;

[0017] The lifting motor drives the lifting screw to rotate via the lifting gear, and the lifting screw is provided with a lifting nut; the lifting gear and the lifting screw are connected via a flat key; the two ends of the lifting screw are supported by a lifting upper bearing seat, a lifting lower bearing seat and a single-row tapered roller bearing respectively;

[0018] A cylinder is provided at the center of the main frame, and a bolster lifting mechanism is connected to the cylinder.

[0019] Furthermore, the bolster lifting mechanism includes bolster lifting brackets on both sides, the bolster lifting brackets are provided with bolster linear slides, and the bolster linear slides are provided with bolster sliders;

[0020] A bolster rolling shaft is rotatably provided on the top of the bolster lifting bracket, and a bolster rolling cylinder is connected to the bolster rolling shaft via a bolster bearing, and the bolster bearing is positioned by a bolster rolling shaft stopper sleeve;

[0021] A lifting slider plate is installed on the bolster linear slide rail.

[0022] Furthermore, the slider is provided with a bogie front-to-back centering mechanism, the bogie front-to-back centering mechanism includes a side frame support frame, the side frame support frame is installed with a left and right centering motor seat, the left and right centering motor seat is installed with a servo motor, and the servo motor is connected to a reducer;

[0023] The outlets on both sides of the reducer are respectively connected to roller couplings; the roller coupling on the left is connected to the centering left-hand screw, and the centering left-hand screw is provided with a side frame centering left-hand nut; the roller coupling on the right is connected to the centering right-hand screw, and the centering right-hand screw is provided with a side frame centering right-hand nut;

[0024] The left and right sides of the side frame support frame are respectively provided with two linear slide rails and two sliders;

[0025] Both ends of the centering right-hand screw and the centering left-hand screw are supported by single-row tapered roller bearings respectively, and the centering right-hand screw and the centering left-hand screw are connected to the coupling through a flat key.

[0026] Furthermore, the side frame left and right centering mechanism includes a side frame centering support frame, the bottom of the left side frame centering support frame is respectively connected to the centering left-hand screw rod and the centering left-hand screw nut; the bottom of the right side frame centering support frame is respectively connected to the centering right-hand screw rod and the centering right-hand screw rod;

[0027] The middle part of the side frame centering support frame is a square hollow shell structure, and the square hollow shell structure is provided with a support frame cylinder;

[0028] The support frame cylinder is connected to the screw sleeve; the screw sleeve is arranged above the square hollow shell structure and is connected through the slider rail guide structure;

[0029] A small screw is provided in the screw sleeve, and a small left-hand screw nut and a small right-hand screw nut are provided on the small screw. The small screw is driven by a reducer and a motor, and is supported at both ends by single-row tapered roller bearings;

[0030] The side surfaces of the small left-hand screw nut and the small right-hand screw nut are respectively provided with small clamping seats, and the small clamping seats are connected to the lead screw sleeve through the slider rail guide structure;

[0031] The top of the screw sleeve is connected to a small support seat through a slider guide structure, the top of the small support seat is rotatably connected to a small support shaft, and the small support shaft is rotatably connected to a small support roller through a single-row tapered roller bearing;

[0032] A spring rod is provided below the small support shaft, the spring rod passes through the small support seat, the two ends of the spring rod are exposed at the two ends of the small support seat, and compression springs are respectively provided at both ends of the spring rod, and the two end surfaces of the compression spring are respectively connected to the small support seat and the spring plate;

[0033] The top of the spring plate is connected to the spring rod, and the bottom is connected to the lead screw sleeve.

[0034] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0035] The present invention solves the bogie positioning problem when the bogie automatically disassembles the bolster spring, saves a lot of labor costs, improves the accuracy of the bogie bolster spring disassembly, and improves the safety and disassembly efficiency of the bogie bolster spring disassembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A top view of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a right side view of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main rotating mechanism structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating integral frame of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a front view of the rotating integral frame of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a top view of the rotating integral frame of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a right side view of the rotating integral frame of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a front view of the bolster lifting bracket assembly of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 A top view of the bolster lifting bracket assembly of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 12 A top cross-sectional view of the bolster lift bracket assembly of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic structural diagram of the front and rear centering mechanism of the bogie of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 14 This is a front view of the front and rear centering mechanism of the bogie of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 15 A top view of the front and rear centering mechanism of the bogie of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the left and right centering mechanism of the side frame of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 17 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the left and right centering mechanism of the side frame of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 18 This is a right side view of the left-right centering mechanism of the side frame of the present invention;

[0054] In the figure, 1-main body rotation mechanism, 2-lifting mechanism, 3-bogie front and rear centering mechanism, 301-side frame support frame, 302-left and right centering motor seat, 303-servo motor, 304-reducer, 305-roller coupling, 306-centering left-hand screw rod, 307-side frame centering left-hand screw nut, 308-slide blocks on both sides, 309-centering right-hand screw rod, 310-centering right-hand screw nut, 311-linear guide rails on both sides; 4-side frame left and right centering mechanism, 401-side frame centering support frame, 402-support frame cylinder, 403-screw sleeve, 404-small screw rod, 405-small left-hand screw nut, 406-small right-hand screw nut, 407-small clamp seat, 408-small support seat, 409-small support shaft, 410-spring rod, 411-compression spring, 412-small support roller, 413-spring plate; 5-bolster lifting mechanism, 501-bolster lifting bracket, 502-bolster linear slide, 503-bolster slider, 504-bolster rolling shaft, 505-bolster bearing, 506-bolster rolling cylinder, 507-bolster rolling shaft stop sleeve, 508-lifting slider plate; 6-base, 7-slewing support; 8-rotating integral frame, 801-main frame, 802-linear slide, 803-slider, 804-rotating motor assembly, 805-lifting motor, 806-lifting gear, 807-lifting screw, 808-lifting upper bearing seat, 809-lifting lower bearing seat, 810-single row tapered roller bearing, 811-cylinder, 812-lifting nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0056] During bogie maintenance, bogies are inspected sequentially along the bogie assembly line. Furthermore, gaps and crosstalk exist between bogie components. At the bogie bolster disassembly station, the bolster manipulator must ensure accurate bogie positioning to ensure smooth bolster disassembly. This invention primarily involves individually positioning the sideframes and bolsters within the bogie to ensure sufficient positioning accuracy for the bolster disassembly manipulator.

[0057] like Figure 1 、 2As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the present invention includes a main rotating mechanism 1, which is fixedly connected to the ground and can realize the circumferential rotation of the bogie; it also includes a jacking mechanism 2, a bogie front and rear centering mechanism 3 and a bolster jacking mechanism 5; the jacking mechanism 2 is used to land the bogie on the positioning device, and the bogie front and rear centering mechanism 3 is used to align the front and rear positions of the side frames on both sides;

[0058] Side frame left and right centering mechanisms 4 are respectively provided on the front and rear centering mechanisms 3 of the bogie and at the four load-bearing saddle positions of the side frame; the bolster lifting mechanism 5 can lift the bolster until the bolster contacts the side frame.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, the main rotating mechanism 1 includes a base 6, which is fixed on the ground; the base 6 is fixed on the ground by 4 embedded bolts and 8 hexagonal bolts; a slewing support 7 is fixed on the top surface of the base 6, and the top surface of the slewing support 7 is rotatably connected to a rotating integral frame 8 by screws.

[0060] like Figure 6 、 7 As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the rotating integral frame 8 includes a main frame 801, and linear slide rails 802 are respectively provided at the four corners of the main frame 801 and along the height direction. Slide blocks 803 are slidably provided on the linear slide rails 802, and the linear slide rails 802 are connected to the main frame 801 by screws;

[0061] The rotating motor assembly 804 drives the slewing support 7 to rotate, and the axial direction of the rotating motor assembly 804 is consistent with the height direction; the left and right sides of the main frame 801 are respectively provided with lifting motors 805, and the lifting motors 805 are arranged along the height direction;

[0062] The lifting motor 805 drives the lifting screw 807 to rotate via the lifting gear 806. The lifting screw 807 is provided with a lifting nut 812. The lifting gear 806 and the lifting screw 807 are connected by a flat key. The two ends of the lifting screw 807 are supported by the lifting upper bearing seat 808, the lifting lower bearing seat 809 and the single-row tapered roller bearing 810 respectively.

[0063] A cylinder 811 is provided at the center of the main frame 801 , and a bolster lifting mechanism 5 is connected to the cylinder 811 .

[0064] like Figure 10 、 11 As shown in FIG. 12 , the bolster lifting mechanism 5 includes bolster lifting brackets 501 on both sides, bolster lifting brackets 501 are provided with bolster linear slides 502 , and bolster linear slides 502 are provided with bolster sliders 503 ;

[0065] A bolster rolling shaft 504 is rotatably provided on the top of the bolster lifting bracket 501. A bolster rolling cylinder 506 is connected to the bolster rolling shaft 504 via a bolster bearing 505. The bolster bearing 505 is positioned by a bolster rolling shaft stopper 507.

[0066] A lifting slider plate 508 is installed on the bolster linear slide rail 502.

[0067] like Figure 13 、 14 As shown in Figures 1 and 15, a bogie front-to-back centering mechanism 3 is provided on the slider 803. The bogie front-to-back centering mechanism 3 includes a side frame support frame 301. The side frame support frame 301 is equipped with a left and right centering motor base 302. The left and right centering motor base 302 is equipped with a servo motor 303. The servo motor 303 is connected to a reducer 304.

[0068] The outlets on both sides of the reducer 304 are respectively connected to roller couplings 305; the roller coupling 305 on the left side is connected to the centering left-hand screw 306, and the centering left-hand screw 306 is provided with a side frame centering left-hand screw nut 307; the roller coupling 305 on the right side is connected to the centering right-hand screw 309, and the centering right-hand screw 309 is provided with a side frame centering right-hand screw nut 310;

[0069] The left and right sides of the side frame support frame 301 are respectively provided with two linear slide rails 311 and two sliders 308;

[0070] Both ends of the centering right-hand screw rod 309 and the centering left-hand screw rod 306 are supported by single-row tapered roller bearings respectively, and the centering right-hand screw rod 309 and the centering left-hand screw rod 306 are connected to the coupling through a flat key.

[0071] like Figure 16 、 17 As shown in Figures 18 and 18, the side frame left and right centering mechanism 4 includes a side frame centering support frame 401. The bottom of the left side frame centering support frame 401 is respectively connected to the centering left-hand screw rod 306 and the centering left-hand screw nut 307; the bottom of the right side frame centering support frame 401 is respectively connected to the centering right-hand screw rod 309 and the centering right-hand screw rod 309;

[0072] The middle part of the side frame centering support frame 401 is a square hollow shell structure, on which a support frame cylinder 402 is provided;

[0073] The support frame cylinder 402 is connected to the screw sleeve 403; the screw sleeve 403 is arranged above the square hollow shell structure and is connected through the slider guide structure;

[0074] A small screw rod 404 is provided in the screw sleeve 403, and a small left-hand screw nut 405 and a small right-hand screw nut 406 are provided on the small screw rod 404. The small screw rod 404 is driven by a reducer and a motor, and is supported at both ends by single-row tapered roller bearings.

[0075] Small clamping seats 407 are respectively provided on the side of the small left-hand screw nut 405 and the small right-hand screw nut 406, and the small clamping seats 407 are connected to the screw sleeve 403 through the slider guide structure;

[0076] The top of the lead screw sleeve 403 is connected to a small support seat 408 through a slider guide structure. The top of the small support seat 408 is rotatably connected to a small support shaft 409. The small support shaft 409 is rotatably connected to a small support roller 412 through a single-row tapered roller bearing.

[0077] A spring rod 410 is provided below the small support shaft 409. The spring rod 410 passes through the small support seat 408. Both ends of the spring rod 410 are exposed at both ends of the small support seat 408. Compression springs 411 are respectively passed through both ends of the spring rod 410. The two end surfaces of the compression spring 411 are respectively connected to the small support seat 408 and the spring plate 413; the top of the spring plate 413 is connected to the spring rod 410, and the bottom is connected to the screw sleeve 403.

[0078] The correcting process of the present invention is as follows:

[0079] The bogie is lowered onto the alignment device via a lifting mechanism. After landing, the bolster is positioned by its own wedges. The side frames on both sides are then aligned fore and aft using the bogie's fore and aft alignment mechanism. This mechanism primarily uses a servo motor to drive the left and right screws to achieve fore and aft alignment of the bogie.

[0080] After the front and rear centering, the left and right alignment of the side frame will be carried out. Separate side frame left and right centering mechanisms are respectively provided at the four load-bearing saddle positions of the side frame. Separate servo motors are mainly used to drive the left and right screws to perform left and right centering of the four positions of the side frame. During centering, an offset will be generated. After the centering is completed, the bolster spring needs to be automatically reset after disassembly. The upper side of the structure has a spring automatic reset mechanism that can achieve the final reset state to suit the next bogie. After the bogie is centered left and right, the bolster needs to be separated from the bolster spring when the bolster spring is disassembled. At this time, the bolster lifting mechanism can lift the bolster until the bolster contacts the side frame. The main rotating mechanism is mainly used for the removal of the bolster springs on both sides of the bogie. After the bolster spring and wedge on one side of the bogie are removed, the positioning device rotates the bogie 180 degrees as a whole to remove the bolster spring and wedge on the other side.

[0081] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed or detachable connections, or integration; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific contexts.

[0082] The content of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments listed. Any equivalent transformation of the technical solution of the present invention made by ordinary technicians in this field after reading the description of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bogie bolster spring decomposition and alignment auxiliary system, characterized by: It comprises a main body rotating mechanism (1), wherein the main body rotating mechanism (1) is fixedly connected to the ground and can realize the circumferential rotation of the bogie; It also includes a lifting mechanism (2), a bogie front and rear centering mechanism (3), and a bolster lifting mechanism (5); The jacking mechanism (2) is used to land the bogie on the alignment device, and the bogie front and rear centering mechanism (3) is used to align the front and rear positions of the side frames on both sides; Side frame left and right centering mechanisms (4) are respectively provided on the bogie front and rear centering mechanism (3) and at the four bearing saddle positions of the side frame; The bolster lifting mechanism (5) can lift the bolster until the bolster contacts the side frame; The bogie front and rear centering mechanism (3) comprises a side frame support frame (301), a left and right centering motor seat (302) is mounted on the side frame support frame (301), a servo motor (303) is mounted on the left and right centering motor seat (302), and a speed reducer (304) is connected to the servo motor (303); The outlets on both sides of the reducer (304) are respectively connected to roller couplings (305); the roller coupling (305) on the left side is connected to the centering left-hand screw (306), and the centering left-hand screw (306) is provided with a side frame centering left-hand screw nut (307); the roller coupling (305) on the right side is connected to the centering right-hand screw (309), and the centering right-hand screw (309) is provided with a side frame centering right-hand screw nut (310); The left and right sides of the side frame support frame (301) are respectively provided with two linear slide rails (311) and two sliders (308); The two ends of the centering right-hand screw rod (309) and the centering left-hand screw rod (306) are supported by single-row tapered roller bearings respectively, and the centering right-hand screw rod (309) and the centering left-hand screw rod (306) are connected to the coupling through a flat key; The side frame left and right centering mechanism (4) comprises a side frame centering support frame (401), wherein the bottom of the left side frame centering support frame (401) is respectively connected to the centering left-hand screw rod (306) and the centering left-hand screw nut (307); and the bottom of the right side frame centering support frame (401) is respectively connected to the centering right-hand screw rod (309) and the centering right-hand screw nut (310); The middle portion of the side frame centering support frame (401) is a square hollow shell structure, and a support frame cylinder (402) is provided on the square hollow shell structure; The support frame cylinder (402) is connected to the screw sleeve (403); the screw sleeve (403) is arranged above the square hollow shell structure and is connected via a slider rail guide structure; A small screw rod (404) is provided in the screw sleeve (403), and a small left-hand screw nut (405) and a small right-hand screw nut (406) are provided on the small screw rod (404). The small screw rod (404) is driven by a reducer and a motor, and is supported at both ends by single-row tapered roller bearings. Small clamping seats (407) are respectively provided on the side surfaces of the small left-hand screw nut (405) and the small right-hand screw nut (406), and the small clamping seats (407) are connected to the screw sleeve (403) through a slider rail guide structure; The top of the lead screw sleeve (403) is connected to a small support seat (408) via a slider rail guide structure, the top of the small support seat (408) is rotatably connected to a small support shaft (409), and the small support shaft (409) is rotatably connected to a small support roller (412) via a single-row tapered roller bearing. A spring rod (410) is provided below the small support shaft (409), and the spring rod (410) passes through the small support seat (408). Both ends of the spring rod (410) are exposed at both ends of the small support seat (408). Compression springs (411) are respectively provided at both ends of the spring rod (410), and both end surfaces of the compression spring (411) are respectively connected to the small support seat (408) and the spring plate (413); The top of the spring plate (413) is connected to the spring rod (410), and the bottom is connected to the lead screw sleeve (403).

2. The bogie bolster spring decomposition and alignment auxiliary system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body rotating mechanism (1) comprises a base (6), and the base (6) is fixedly arranged on the ground; A slewing support (7) is fixed to the top surface of the base (6), and the top surface of the slewing support (7) is rotatably connected to a rotating integral frame (8) via screws.

3. The bogie bolster spring decomposition and alignment auxiliary system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating integral frame (8) comprises a main frame (801), and linear slide rails (802) are respectively provided at the four corners of the main frame (801) and along the height direction, and sliders (803) are slidably provided on the linear slide rails (802); The rotating motor assembly (804) drives the slewing support (7) to rotate, and the axial direction of the rotating motor assembly (804) is consistent with the height direction; Lifting motors (805) are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the main frame (801), and the lifting motors (805) are arranged along the height direction; The lifting motor (805) drives the lifting screw (807) to rotate via the lifting gear (806), and a lifting nut (812) is provided on the lifting screw (807); the lifting gear (806) and the lifting screw (807) are connected via a flat key; both ends of the lifting screw (807) are supported by a lifting upper bearing seat (808), a lifting lower bearing seat (809) and a single-row tapered roller bearing (810), respectively; A cylinder (811) is provided at the center of the main frame (801), and a bolster lifting mechanism (5) is connected to the cylinder (811).

4. The bogie bolster spring decomposition and alignment auxiliary system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bolster lifting mechanism (5) comprises bolster lifting brackets (501) on both sides, bolster linear slides (502) are provided on the bolster lifting brackets (501), and bolster sliders (503) are provided on the bolster linear slides (502); A bolster rolling shaft (504) is rotatably provided on the top of the bolster lifting bracket (501); a bolster rolling cylinder (506) is connected to the bolster rolling shaft (504) via a bolster bearing (505); and the bolster bearing (505) is positioned via a bolster rolling shaft stop sleeve (507); A lifting slider plate (508) is mounted on the bolster linear slide rail (502).

5. The bogie bolster spring decomposition and alignment auxiliary system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sliding block (803) is provided with a bogie front and rear centering mechanism (3).

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