A space station waste liquid purification and recovery device, recovery method, and their applications

Abstract

The present invention discloses a waste liquid purification and recovery device, a recovery method, and their applications for a space station, including: a waste liquid tank; a water storage tank; a membrane evaporation condenser, whose first input end is communicated with the output end of the waste liquid tank, and whose first output end is communicated with the input end of the waste liquid tank; a vacuum cavity, sleeved outside the membrane evaporation condenser; a compressor, whose input end is communicated with the inside of the vacuum cavity, and whose output end is communicated with the second input end of the membrane evaporation condenser; the second output end of the membrane evaporation condenser is communicated with the input end of the water storage tank. This invention solves the problems existing in the steam compression distillation technology, such as complex structure of the treatment device, high energy consumption, and difficult operation and maintenance. Based on the membrane distillation technology and the improvement of the waste liquid treatment device for the space station, a highly efficient, compact, and low-power waste liquid purification and recovery device for the space station is designed, reducing the moving parts of the purification and recovery device, simplifying the device design, reducing the power consumption of the device, increasing the compactness of the device, and facilitating the later operation and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste liquid treatment and purification and recovery, and particularly relates to a waste liquid purification and recovery device for a space station, a recovery method, and its application. Background Art

[0002] The water resource recovery of a space station mainly involves the condensation of atmospheric moisture and the purification and recovery of water such as urine and domestic wastewater. Among them, the treatment and purification and recovery of urine and domestic wastewater are the most crucial. A compact, efficient, and reliable waste liquid treatment system is of great significance for the water resource guarantee and utilization in the on-orbit mission of a space station, and is also one of the key technologies of the life support system in future manned deep space exploration missions.

[0003] At present, the purification and recovery methods adopted by both the International Space Station and China's space station are the steam compression distillation method. Figure 1 For the steam compression distillation device used in this method, the core component of the device is a coaxial drum. The rotation of the drum generates centrifugal force, which makes the urine form a stable liquid film on the inner wall of the drum, maintaining the gas-liquid interface. The urine evaporates in the drum, and the water vapor is compressed under the action of a compressor and enters the interlayer outside the drum for condensation. The latent heat of condensation is transmitted through the drum wall to the inner wall for urine evaporation.

[0004] This steam compression distillation technology is currently the most mature. However, its drum is a large rotating component, which requires additional shaft work input and relatively high energy consumption. Therefore, based on the traditional steam compression distillation technology, it is urgent to improve the problems of complex structure, high energy consumption, and difficult operation and maintenance of the traditional treatment device, simply and efficiently purify and recover wastewater, and conduct research and tests on various system performance verifications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a waste liquid purification and recovery device for a space station, a recovery method, and its application. This waste liquid purification and recovery device for a space station, recovery method, and its application aims to solve the problems of complex structure of the treatment device, high energy consumption, and difficult operation and maintenance in the purification and recovery of steam compression distillation technology. Based on the membrane distillation technology, coupling the high water recovery rate of the distillation method and the mild operating conditions of the membrane technology, it has the characteristics of small floor area, simple operation, and high tolerance to membrane pollutant concentration. By improving the space station waste liquid treatment device with this technology, a highly efficient, compact, and low-power waste liquid purification and recovery device for a space station is designed, reducing the moving parts of the purification and recovery device, simplifying the device design, reducing the device power consumption, improving the compactness of the device, and facilitating the later operation and maintenance.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a waste liquid purification and recovery device for a space station. Specifically, the waste liquid purification and recovery device for a space station includes:

[0007] A waste liquid tank for storing waste liquid to be treated;

[0008] A water storage tank for storing condensed water;

[0009] A membrane evaporation condenser, with its first input end communicating with the output end of the waste liquid tank and its first output end communicating with the input end of the waste liquid tank, for inputting the waste liquid to be treated into the membrane evaporation condenser for evaporation treatment to obtain first water vapor and concentrated waste liquid respectively, and transmitting the concentrated waste liquid back to the waste liquid tank through the first output end to complete the cyclic treatment of the waste liquid;

[0010] A vacuum cavity, sleeved outside the membrane evaporation condenser, for providing a vacuum and airtight environment for the operation of the membrane evaporation condenser;

[0011] A compressor, with its input end communicating with the inside of the vacuum cavity and its output end communicating with the second input end of the membrane evaporation condenser, for extracting the first water vapor inside the vacuum cavity, heating and boosting the pressure of the first water vapor to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor and discharging it into the membrane evaporation condenser again;

[0012] The second output end of the membrane evaporation condenser communicates with the input end of the water storage tank, for condensing the second water vapor to obtain condensed water and storing it in the water storage tank.

[0013] An implementation manner of this solution, wherein the membrane evaporation condenser is a first pipe and a second pipe which are double-layer nested;

[0014] The second pipe sleeved outside is used to hold the waste liquid to be treated and absorb the condensation latent heat of the second water vapor in the first pipe, so that the waste liquid generates first water vapor and discharges it into the vacuum cavity;

[0015] The first pipe sleeved inside is used to condense the high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor to obtain condensed water.

[0016] An implementation manner of this solution, wherein the first pipe sleeved inside is a metal pipe.

[0017] An implementation manner of this solution, wherein the second pipe sleeved outside is a porous fiber membrane, for maintaining the gas-liquid interface and ensuring that the first water vapor can pass through while water cannot pass through.

[0018] An implementation manner of this solution, wherein the waste liquid tank is sleeved outside the water storage tank for realizing heat exchange between the waste liquid to be treated and the condensed water.

[0019] An implementation manner of this solution, wherein whether the flow direction of the waste liquid to be treated and the second water vapor input by the compressor is in parallel flow or countercurrent flow, the purpose of internal heat exchange can be achieved.

[0020] In an embodiment of this solution, the double-layer pipeline of the film evaporation condenser can be made into any one of the structures of a tube bundle, a coil tube or a serpentine tube.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for purifying and recycling the waste liquid of a space station. This method is realized based on the above-mentioned waste liquid purification and recycling device of the space station. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] Step S1: The compressor discharges all the air inside the vacuum chamber to ensure that the inside of the vacuum chamber is a vacuum-tight environment;

[0023] Step S2: The waste liquid to be treated flows into the film evaporation condenser for evaporation treatment, generating first water vapor and concentrated waste liquid. The concentrated waste liquid is transported back to the waste liquid tank again to complete the circular treatment of the waste liquid;

[0024] Step S3: The compressor sucks the first water vapor inside the vacuum chamber, heats up and boosts the pressure of the first water vapor to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor, and then discharges the second water vapor into the film evaporation condenser again to complete the circular treatment of the water vapor;

[0025] Step S4: The high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor releases the latent heat of condensation during the flowing process in the film evaporation condenser. After releasing the heat, the second water vapor condenses into liquid condensate water and is transported to the water storage tank for storage to complete the circular recovery of the condensate water;

[0026] Step S5: Purify the condensate water in the water storage tank to obtain purified condensate water to complete the purification and recycling of the waste water of the space station.

[0027] In an embodiment of this solution, the above-mentioned step S2 further includes:

[0028] Before the waste liquid to be treated flows into the film evaporation condenser, preheat the waste liquid to be treated with the condensate water in the water storage tank sleeved inside the waste liquid tank.

[0029] The present invention also provides an application of the waste liquid purification and recycling device and method of a space station. The waste liquid purification and recycling device and method of the space station can be applied to the system operation performance test of the waste liquid purification and recycling of the space station, specifically including: the condensate water recovery rate performance, the heat and mass transfer performance of the film evaporation condenser, and the flow resistance characteristics.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The space station waste liquid purification and recovery device and recovery method provided by the present invention are based on membrane distillation technology. By improving the space station waste liquid treatment device, a highly efficient, compact, and low-power consumption space station waste liquid purification and recovery device is designed, reducing the moving parts of the purification and recovery device, simplifying the device design, reducing the device power consumption, increasing the compactness of the device, and facilitating later operation and maintenance.

[0032] 2. The space station waste liquid purification and recovery device and recovery method provided by the present invention can be applied to the system operation performance test of the space station waste liquid purification and recovery, specifically including: the performance of the condensate water recovery rate, the heat and mass transfer performance of the membrane evaporation condenser, and the flow resistance characteristics, which can provide experimental research support for the prototype structure design, development, application, and optimization of the future space station waste liquid purification and recovery device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the current vapor compression distillation device.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic principle diagram of the space station waste liquid purification and recovery device provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic principle diagram of the membrane evaporation condenser M provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0036] The following further describes the present invention through specific embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a space station waste liquid purification and recovery device, as Figure 2 shown. Specifically, the space station waste liquid purification and recovery device includes:

[0039] A waste liquid tank A for storing the waste liquid to be treated;

[0040] A water storage tank B sleeved inside the waste liquid tank A for storing condensate water;

[0041] A membrane evaporation condenser M, with its first input end communicating with the output end of the waste liquid tank A and its first output end communicating with the input end of the waste liquid tank A, for inputting the waste liquid to be treated into the membrane evaporation condenser M for evaporation treatment to obtain first water vapor and concentrated waste liquid respectively, and transmitting the concentrated waste liquid back to the waste liquid tank A through the first output end to complete the circular treatment of the waste liquid;

[0042] A vacuum cavity L sleeved outside the membrane evaporation condenser M for providing a vacuum and airtight environment for the operation of the membrane evaporation condenser M;

[0043] A compressor N, with its input end communicating with the interior of the vacuum chamber L and its output end communicating with the second input end of the membrane evaporation condenser M, is used to extract the first water vapor inside the vacuum chamber L, raise the temperature and pressure of the first water vapor, obtain high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor, and then discharge it back into the membrane evaporation condenser M.

[0044] The second output end of the membrane evaporation condenser M is communicated with the input end of the water storage tank B, and is used to condense the second water vapor to obtain condensed water, which is stored in the water storage tank B.

[0045] In the first embodiment, as Figure 3 shown, the membrane evaporation condenser M is a double-layer nested first pipe M1 and second pipe M2; among them, the second pipe M2 sleeved on the outer periphery is used to accommodate the waste liquid to be treated and absorb the condensation latent heat of the second water vapor in the first pipe M1, so that the waste liquid generates the first water vapor and discharges it into the vacuum chamber L; the first pipe M1 sleeved on the inner side is used to condense the high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor to obtain condensed water.

[0046] In the first embodiment, the first pipe M1 sleeved on the inner side is a metal pipe, and the condensation latent heat released when the high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor flows in the metal pipe can be transferred through the outer wall of the metal pipe to the second pipe M2 sleeved on the outer periphery, so that the waste liquid to be treated absorbs the latent heat of the second water vapor in the first pipe M1 to generate the first water vapor.

[0047] At the same time, the second water vapor after releasing heat condenses into liquid condensed water in the first pipe M1 (water vapor is more likely to condense into liquid water when releasing heat in a high-pressure environment), and is discharged from the first pipe M1 into the water storage tank B.

[0048] In the first embodiment, whether the flow direction of the waste liquid to be treated and the second water vapor input by the compressor is in parallel flow or countercurrent flow, the purpose of internal heat exchange can be achieved in the first pipe M1.

[0049] In the first embodiment, as Figure 3 shown, the second pipe M2 sleeved on the outer periphery is a porous fiber membrane, which is used to maintain the gas-liquid interface and ensure that the first water vapor generated by the waste liquid to be treated can pass through while water cannot. The air pressure inside the vacuum chamber L is extremely low, and the first water vapor diffuses into the vacuum chamber L through the porous fiber membrane M2 under the drive of the pressure difference, and then is pumped away by the compressor N.

[0050] In this Embodiment 1, the component design structure of the membrane evaporation condenser M is simple and easy to process, and it can achieve evaporation and condensation simultaneously. In actual use, it can be made into forms with higher compactness such as tube bundles, coil pipes or serpentine pipes, and placed inside the vacuum chamber L. The water inlet and outlet are connected through pipeline connectors. In subsequent maintenance, only the vacuum chamber L needs to be opened to replace the membrane evaporation condenser M, and the operation and maintenance are also very simple.

[0051] In this Embodiment 1, as Figure 2 shown, the waste liquid tank A is sleeved on the outer periphery of the water storage tank B to realize the heat exchange between the waste liquid to be treated and the condensed water. Before treating the waste liquid, the condensed water in the water storage tank sleeved inside the waste liquid tank A can preheat the waste liquid to be treated.

[0052] In this Embodiment 1, a first water pump Z1, a first valve K1, and a first flowmeter G1 are also provided between the output end of the waste liquid tank A and the first input end of the membrane evaporation condenser M to respectively pump the waste liquid, adjust the waste liquid flow rate, and measure the mass flow rate of the waste liquid discharged into the membrane evaporation condenser M.

[0053] In this Embodiment 1, a second flowmeter G2 is also provided between the first output end of the membrane evaporation condenser M and the input end of the waste liquid tank A to measure the mass flow rate of the concentrated waste liquid discharged back into the waste liquid tank A.

[0054] In this Embodiment 1, a second water pump Z2, a second valve K2, and a third flowmeter G3 are also provided between the second output end of the membrane evaporation condenser M and the water storage tank B to respectively pump the condensed water, adjust the condensed water flow rate, and measure the mass flow rate of the condensed water discharged into the water storage tank B.

[0055] In this Embodiment 1, pressure transmitters P and temperature transmitters T are provided between the output end of the waste liquid tank A and the first input end of the membrane evaporation condenser M, between the first output end of the membrane evaporation condenser M and the input end of the waste liquid tank A, between the second input end of the membrane evaporation condenser M and the output end of the compressor N, between the second output end of the membrane evaporation condenser M and the input end of the water storage tank B, and on the vacuum chamber L to respectively measure the pressure and temperature of the working medium in each path.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] Embodiment 2 provides a method for purifying and recycling waste liquid in a space station, and this method is implemented based on the waste liquid purification and recycling device in the above Embodiment 1. Among them, in this Embodiment 2, the membrane evaporation condenser M is a double-layer nested pipeline; specifically, the method for purifying and recycling waste liquid in the space station includes the following steps:

[0058] Step S1: Seal the vacuum chamber L, turn on the compressor N to exhaust all the air inside the vacuum chamber L, and monitor the pressure inside the vacuum chamber L through the pressure transmitter P to ensure that the inside of the vacuum chamber L is a vacuum-sealed environment. In this Embodiment 2, it is ensured that in a vacuum or low-pressure environment of the membrane evaporation condenser M, the waste liquid to be treated is more likely to evaporate.

[0059] Step S2: Open the first water pump Z1 and the first valve K1, measure the mass flow rate of the waste liquid to be treated through the first flowmeter G1, and measure the pressure and temperature of the waste liquid to be treated through the pressure transmitter P and the temperature transmitter T respectively;

[0060] The waste liquid to be treated in the waste liquid tank A flows into the second pipeline M2 sleeved on the outer periphery of the membrane evaporation condenser M for evaporation treatment. The waste liquid to be treated absorbs the condensation latent heat of the second water vapor in the first pipeline M1 inside the second pipeline M2, so that the waste liquid to be treated generates the first water vapor and concentrated waste liquid. The concentrated waste liquid is transmitted back to the waste liquid tank A again through the first output end of the membrane evaporation condenser M (i.e., the output end of the second pipeline M2), completing the circular treatment of the waste liquid.

[0061] Step S3: Under the action of pressure, the generated first water vapor penetrates through the first pipeline M1 (i.e., the porous fiber membrane) and is discharged into the inside of the vacuum chamber L;

[0062] Subsequently, the compressor N sucks the first water vapor inside the vacuum chamber L, heats up and boosts the pressure of the first water vapor, and obtains high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor and discharges it again into the first pipeline M1 (i.e., inside the metal pipeline) sleeved on the inner side of the membrane evaporation condenser M, completing the circular treatment of the water vapor.

[0063] Step S4: During the flow of the high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor in the first pipeline M1 (and the metal pipeline) of the membrane evaporation condenser M, the condensation latent heat is released. The latent heat is transferred to the second pipeline M2 through the outer wall of the metal pipeline. After releasing the heat, the second water vapor condenses into liquid condensate water (water vapor is more likely to condense into liquid water when releasing heat in a high-pressure environment). Subsequently, open the second valve K2 and the second water pump Z2, and under the action of the second water pump Z2, the condensate water is transmitted to the water storage tank B for storage, completing the circular recovery of the condensate water.

[0064] Step S5: Drain the condensate water in the water storage tank B for purification treatment to obtain purified condensate water, completing the purification and recovery of the space station wastewater.

[0065] The above Step S2 further includes: before the waste liquid to be treated flows into the membrane evaporation condenser M, preheat the waste liquid to be treated with the condensate water in the water storage tank B sleeved on the inner side of the waste liquid tank A.

[0066] In addition, in this Embodiment 2, after the above step S5, the following steps are further included:

[0067] Step S6: After the purification and recovery of the wastewater are completed, close all the water pumps and valves. Ensure that the compressor N runs until the moisture remaining in the membrane evaporation condenser M is completely evaporated, and then turn off the compressor and the power supply.

[0068] In this Embodiment 2, the specific factors and parameters of the specific test method are the same as those in the above Embodiment 1 and will not be elaborated here.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] This Embodiment 3 provides an application of a space station waste liquid purification and recovery device and its method. The space station waste liquid purification and recovery device and its method in the above Embodiments 1 and 2 can be applied to the system operation performance test of space station waste liquid purification and recovery.

[0071] The space station waste liquid purification and recovery device and its method can be used to calculate and test the performance of the condensate recovery rate. At the same time, it can also study and test the heat and mass transfer performance and flow resistance characteristics of the membrane evaporation condenser M.

[0072] In this Embodiment 3, in the performance test application of the space station waste liquid purification and recovery device, it can be carried out not only in the normal gravity environment on the ground but also in the microgravity environment in space. Specifically, the specific calculation methods of the above three performance tests are as follows:

[0073] 1. Test calculation of the condensate recovery rate performance:

[0074] In the space station waste liquid purification and recovery method in the above Embodiment 2, the mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the waste liquid to be processed for the thermal data to be processed collected during the operation stage, the mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the concentrated waste liquid, the internal pressure and temperature of the vacuum chamber L, the pressure and temperature of the second water vapor, and the mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the condensate.

[0075] In data analysis, the water recovery efficiency of the system can be calculated through the mass flow rate of the waste liquid to be processed and the mass flow rate of the condensate. Different system working states can be adjusted and controlled by the compressor to adjust the pressure of the vacuum chamber L or the pressure and temperature of the second water vapor, or by adjusting the waste liquid flow rate through the water pump and valve.

[0076] In addition, in this Embodiment 3, membrane evaporation condensers with different tube forms (tube bundles, coiled tubes, serpentine tubes) or sizes (tube length, tube diameter, membrane thickness, volume, mass) are fabricated and tested. Finally, the water recovery efficiency of the membrane evaporation condensers with different forms or sizes designed and different system working states can be obtained through the test, and the performance law of the system can be summarized.

[0077] Specifically, the water recovery efficiency satisfies the following calculation formula:

[0078]

[0079] 2. Test calculation of the heat and mass transfer performance of membrane evaporation:

[0080] In the method for purifying and recovering waste liquid in the space station in the above Embodiment 2, during the operation stage, the mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the waste liquid to be processed for the collected thermal data, the mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the waste liquid after treatment, the pressure and temperature inside the vacuum chamber L, the pressure and temperature of the second water vapor, and the mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the condensed water.

[0081] In data analysis, the evaporation flow rate and evaporation efficiency of water can be calculated through the mass flow rate of the waste liquid to be processed and the mass flow rate of the waste liquid after treatment, and the heat and mass transfer characteristics can be further calculated through the mass flow rate, temperature, and pressure. Different system operating states can adjust the waste liquid mass flow rate through a water pump, and adjust and control the vacuum chamber pressure or the pressure and temperature of the compressed water vapor through a compressor.

[0082] In addition, in this Embodiment 3, membrane evaporation condensers with different tube forms (tube bundles, coiled tubes, serpentine tubes) or sizes (tube length, tube diameter, membrane thickness, volume, mass) are fabricated and tested. The heat and mass transfer characteristics of membrane evaporation under different forms or sizes of designed membrane evaporation condensers, different waste liquid mass flow rates, and different vacuum chamber evaporation pressures are finally obtained through testing.

[0083] Specifically, the evaporation efficiency of the membrane evaporation condenser satisfies the following calculation formula:

[0084]

[0085] The heat transfer characteristics of the membrane evaporation condenser satisfy the following calculation formula:

[0086]

[0087] The membrane mass transfer characteristics of the membrane evaporation condenser satisfy the following calculation formula:

[0088]

[0089] 3. Test calculation of the flow condensation heat transfer flow resistance performance of water vapor:

[0090] In the method for purifying and recovering waste liquid in the space station in the above Embodiment 2, during the operation stage, the mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the waste liquid to be processed for the collected thermal data, the mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the waste liquid after treatment, the pressure and temperature inside the vacuum chamber L, the pressure and temperature of the second water vapor, and the mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the condensed water.

[0091] In data analysis, the condensation efficiency can be calculated through the mass flow rate of water vapor and the mass flow rate of condensed water, and the heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics can be further calculated through the mass flow rate, temperature, and pressure. The mass flow rate of the waste liquid can be adjusted by a water pump, and the pressure and temperature of the water vapor after compression can be adjusted and controlled by a compressor under different system operating conditions.

[0092] In addition, in this Embodiment 3, membrane evaporation condensers with different tube forms (tube bundles, coil tubes, serpentine tubes) or sizes (tube length, tube diameter, membrane thickness, volume, mass) are fabricated and tested. The heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics of the water vapor flowing and condensing inside the tubes of the membrane evaporation condensers with different forms or sizes of designs, different mass flow rates of water vapor, pressures, and temperatures are finally obtained through testing.

[0093] Specifically, the component performance of the membrane evaporation condenser satisfies the following calculation formulas:

[0094]

[0095] The heat transfer characteristics of the membrane evaporation condenser satisfy the following calculation formulas:

[0096]

[0097] The flow resistance characteristics of the membrane evaporation condenser satisfy the following calculation formulas:

[0098] Flow resistance = pressure difference between the inlet and outlet = inlet water vapor pressure - outlet condensed water pressure

[0099] Two-phase friction coefficient = f(mass flow rate of water vapor, tube diameter, length, pressure difference between the inlet and outlet)

[0100] In this Embodiment 3, the specific factors and parameters of the space station waste liquid purification and recovery device and its method for this specific application are the same as those in the above Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and will not be elaborated here.

[0101] The working principle of the present invention:

[0102] The compressor evacuates the air inside the vacuum chamber to ensure that the inside of the vacuum chamber is a vacuum-tight environment; the waste liquid to be treated flows into the membrane evaporation condenser for evaporation treatment, generating first water vapor and concentrated waste liquid. The concentrated waste liquid is transported back to the waste liquid tank again to complete the cyclic treatment of the waste liquid; the compressor sucks the first water vapor inside the vacuum chamber and raises the temperature and pressure of the first water vapor to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor, which is then discharged into the membrane evaporation condenser again to complete the cyclic treatment of the water vapor; the high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor releases the latent heat of condensation during the flowing process in the membrane evaporation condenser. After releasing the heat, the second water vapor condenses into liquid condensed water and is transported to the water storage tank for storage to complete the cyclic recovery of the condensed water; the condensed water in the water storage tank is purified to obtain purified condensed water, thus completing the purification and recovery of the space station wastewater.

[0103] In summary, a space station waste liquid purification and recovery device, a recovery method, and their applications according to the present invention solve the problems existing in steam compression distillation technology in purification and recovery, such as complex treatment device structure, high energy consumption, and difficult operation and maintenance. Based on membrane distillation technology and the improvement of the space station waste liquid treatment device, an efficient, compact, and low-power space station waste liquid purification and recovery device is designed, reducing the moving parts of the purification and recovery device, simplifying the device design, reducing the device power consumption, increasing the compactness of the device, and facilitating later operation and maintenance.

[0104] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be recognized that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After those skilled in the art have read the above content, various modifications and alternatives to the present invention will be obvious. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A waste liquid purification and recycling device for a space station, characterized in that, Comprising: A waste liquid tank for storing waste liquid to be treated; A water storage tank for storing condensed water; A membrane evaporation condenser, whose first input end is communicated with the output end of the waste liquid tank, and whose first output end is communicated with the input end of the waste liquid tank, for inputting the waste liquid to be treated into the membrane evaporation condenser for evaporation treatment to respectively obtain first water vapor and concentrated waste liquid, and transmitting the concentrated waste liquid back to the waste liquid tank through the first output end to complete the cyclic treatment of the waste liquid; A vacuum cavity sleeved outside the membrane evaporation condenser for providing a vacuum and airtight environment for the operation of the membrane evaporation condenser; A compressor, whose input end is communicated with the inside of the vacuum cavity, and whose output end is communicated with the second input end of the membrane evaporation condenser, for extracting the first water vapor inside the vacuum cavity and heating and pressurizing the first water vapor to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor and discharging it into the membrane evaporation condenser again; The second output end of the membrane evaporation condenser is communicated with the input end of the water storage tank for condensing the second water vapor to obtain the condensed water and storing it in the water storage tank; Wherein The membrane evaporation condenser is a first pipe and a second pipe which are double-layer nested; The second pipe sleeved on the outer periphery is used to accommodate the waste liquid to be treated and absorb the condensation latent heat of the second water vapor in the first pipe, so that the waste liquid generates the first water vapor and discharges it into the vacuum cavity; The first pipe sleeved on the inner side is used to condense the high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor to obtain the condensed water; and The second pipe sleeved on the outer periphery is a porous fiber membrane for maintaining the gas-liquid interface to ensure that the first water vapor can pass through while water cannot pass through.

2. The waste liquid purification and recovery device for a space station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first pipe sleeved on the inner side is a metal pipe.

3. The waste liquid purification and recycling device for a space station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste liquid tank is sleeved on the outer periphery of the water storage tank for realizing heat exchange between the waste liquid to be treated and the condensed water.

4. The waste liquid purification and recycling device for a space station according to claim 1, characterized in that, Whether the flow directions of the waste liquid to be treated and the second water vapor input by the compressor are in parallel flow or countercurrent flow, the purpose of internal heat exchange can be achieved.

5. The waste liquid purification and recycling device for a space station according to claim 1, characterized in that The double-layer pipes of the membrane evaporation condenser are made into a tube bundle.

6. The waste liquid purification and recycling device for a space station according to claim 1, characterized in that The double-layer pipes of the membrane evaporation condenser are made into a coiled pipe.

7. The waste liquid purification and recovery device for a space station according to claim 1, characterized in that The double-layer pipes of the membrane evaporation condenser are made into a serpentine pipe.

8. A method for purifying and recycling waste liquid in a space station, which is implemented based on the waste liquid purification and recycling device of the space station described in any one of the above claims 1-7. The method for purifying and recycling waste liquid in the space station includes the following steps: Step S1, the compressor discharges the air inside the vacuum cavity to ensure that the inside of the vacuum cavity is a vacuum and airtight environment; Step S2, the waste liquid to be treated flows into the membrane evaporation condenser for evaporation treatment to generate first water vapor and concentrated waste liquid, and the concentrated waste liquid is transmitted back to the waste liquid tank again to complete the cyclic treatment of the waste liquid; Step S3, the compressor sucks the first water vapor inside the vacuum cavity and heats and pressurizes the first water vapor to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure second water vapor and discharges it into the membrane evaporation condenser again to complete the cyclic treatment of the water vapor; In step S4, during the flow of the second water vapor in the membrane evaporation condenser, the latent heat of condensation is released, the second water vapor condenses into liquid condensate water, and is transmitted to the water storage tank for storage, completing the cyclic recovery of the condensate water. In step S5, the condensate water in the water storage tank is purified to obtain purified condensate water, completing the purification and recovery of the wastewater in the space station.

9. The method for purifying and recycling waste liquid in a space station according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step S2 further includes: Before the waste liquid to be treated flows into the membrane evaporation condenser, the waste liquid to be treated is preheated by the condensate water in the water storage tank sleeved inside the waste liquid tank.

10. Application of a waste liquid purification and recycling device for a space station. The waste liquid purification and recycling device for a space station described in any one of the above claims 1-7 is applied to the system performance test of waste liquid purification and recycling for a space station, specifically including: The condensate water recovery rate performance, the heat and mass transfer performance and the flow resistance characteristics of the membrane evaporation condenser.

Images