Gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation. The fertilizer comprises a hydrogel-coated soluble fertilizer, fragrance, and insect repellent, forming a main fertilizer component. A secondary crosslinking process forms a crosslinked film on the hydrogel surface, imparting a slow-release effect to the fertilizer. This new technology meets the fertilizer needs of potted plants while offering advantages such as simple application, slow fertilizer release, a fragrant aroma, and resistance to insects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation, and belongs to the hydrogel slow-release fertilizer technology in the field of garden plant cultivation. Background Art

[0002] With the development of my country's economy, people's requirements for their living environment are increasing. Many studies have shown that courtyard and indoor living environment are closely related to human health, and planting green plants can effectively improve courtyard and indoor environment (Wang Fei. Analysis and prediction of the air purification effect of green plants in horticultural landscapes [D]. Zhejiang Ocean University, 2015.; Zhou Leiliang, Wei Yanjie. Humanized design of modern home green plant devices [J]. Modern Horticulture, 2020, 43(21): 178-180. DOI: 10.14051 / j.cnki.xdyy.2020.21.079.; Zhao Zhen, Wei Sitong, Ma Fangyuan et al. Effects of common subtropical green plants on indoor formaldehyde purification under different light conditions [J]. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 2021, 16(02): 17-24. DOI: 10.19687 / j.cnki.1673-7105.2021.02.003.). In order to promote healthy plant growth, it is necessary to apply an appropriate amount of fertilizer. The main types of green plant fertilizers currently on the market are as follows:

[0003] 1. Farmyard manure: Farmyard manure is primarily fermented from livestock manure and urine. It's rich in various trace elements, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Farmyard manure generally has a pungent odor and attracts mosquitoes. It's generally not used for potted plants, but rather for ground planting or flower seedlings.

[0004] 2. Cake and meal fertilizer: The cakes after pressing soybean and rapeseed oil can also be fermented and used as organic fertilizer. The fertility of cake and meal is similar to that of farmyard manure, but it does not have the pungent smell of farmyard manure, but it attracts mosquitoes and is prone to insects itself.

[0005] 3. Fertilizers: Fertilizers are mainly divided into nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and compound fertilizers. Compound fertilizers are generally used for growing green plants. Compound fertilizers have no pungent odor, do not breed or attract mosquitoes, and are highly water-soluble. However, their dosage is difficult to control, and excessive application can cause seedling burn.

[0006] 4. Slow-release fertilizer: It has a comprehensive nutritional ratio, is clean to use, and has easy-to-control dosage. However, the slow-release film / shell of slow-release fertilizer is usually not easy to degrade. Repeated application can easily cause the slow-release film / shell to accumulate, reducing the vitality of green plants.

[0007] However, most potted plants suffer from weak planting layer fertility, uncertain fertilization cycles, uncertain irrigation amounts and cycles, and low total irrigation water volume. Furthermore, fertilization in residential courtyards and indoor environments places special demands on fertilizer properties such as odor and insect attraction or infestation. Consequently, existing potted plant fertilizers still face numerous technical challenges, such as odor, fertility release, insect attraction or infestation, and fertilizer residue. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The invention aims to provide a gel fertilizer which has the characteristics of simple fertilization, slow release of fertilizer, fragrant smell, no breeding or attracting of insects, and can be directly applied to drip irrigation.

[0009] The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

[0010] A gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation comprises a water-soluble high-molecular-weight organic compound coated with a water-soluble fertilizer, a fragrance, and an insect repellent. A primary crosslinking agent triggers a primary crosslinking reaction to form a primary hydrogel fertilizer, and a secondary crosslinking agent causes a secondary crosslinking reaction on the surface of the hydrogel to form a hydrogel slow-release film, resulting in the finished gel fertilizer. The water-soluble high-molecular-weight organic compound comprises two or more of starch, cellulose, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, collagen, poly-L-lysine, and poly-L-glutamine; the water-soluble fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, tripotassium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, triple superphosphate, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate; the fragrance comprises one or more of menthol, limonene, and jasmine essence; and the insect repellent comprises one or more of pyrethrins, malathion, acephate, and phoxim.

[0011] The primary cross-linking reaction is as follows: a water-soluble high molecular organic solution with a mass fraction of 2% to 9% is prepared, and 4% to 12% of a water-soluble fertilizer, less than 0.5% of a fragrance, and less than 0.5% of an insect repellent are mixed therein; after obtaining a uniform mixed solution, a primary cross-linking agent with a mass fraction of 1% to 3% is added to the mixed solution, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and reacted for 2 to 4 hours to obtain a finished gel fertilizer without a slow-release effect.

[0012] The primary crosslinking agent is a salt to anhydride mass ratio between 1 and 0.2, and is composed of carbonate / sulfate and organic acid anhydride, wherein the salt is composed of one or more of zinc carbonate, calcium sulfate, zinc carbonate, iron carbonate and aluminum carbonate; and the organic acid anhydride is composed of one or more of formic anhydride, acetic anhydride, oxalic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and the like.

[0013] The secondary cross-linking reaction is as follows: heating an organic fine paste having a mass fraction of 1% to 6% and mixing it with a soluble metal salt having a mass fraction of not less than 3%; uniformly mixing the mixture and applying or soaking the mixture to obtain a gel fertilizer; and soaking or spraying the gel fertilizer coated or soaked with the mixed fine paste film with a 0.03% to 0.07% hydrogen peroxide solution or potassium persulfate aqueous solution. After the reaction is complete, a finished gel fertilizer having a slow-release film is obtained. Optionally, packaging is also performed to facilitate transportation and storage.

[0014] The soluble metal salt is composed of one or more of soluble calcium salts, magnesium salts, divalent / trivalent iron salts, aluminum salts, and barium salts; the organic paste is composed of one or more of rice starch, pea starch, tapioca starch, hydroxypropyl starch, maltodextrin, konjac flour, gelatin, xanthan gum, and tamarind gum; and the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide or an aqueous solution of potassium persulfate.

[0015] The present invention thus provides a preparation method of the gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation, comprising the following steps: preparing a high-quality water-soluble high-molecular organic solution, mixing a water-soluble fertilizer, a fragrance, and an insect repellent therein to obtain a uniform mixed solution, adding a primary cross-linking agent to the mixed solution, and reacting after uniform mixing to obtain a first-level hydrogel fertilizer; heating to prepare an organic fine paste, mixing a soluble metal salt therein, and applying / immersing the first-level hydrogel fertilizer after uniform mixing; and soaking / spraying the gel fertilizer coated / immersed with the mixed fine paste film with hydrogen peroxide or a potassium persulfate aqueous solution. After the reaction is completed, a finished gel fertilizer with a slow-release film is obtained.

[0016] More preferably, a water-soluble high molecular organic solution with a mass fraction of 1% to 9% is prepared, and 15% to 25% of a water-soluble fertilizer, less than 0.5% of a fragrance and less than 0.5% of an insect repellent are mixed therein to obtain a uniform mixed solution, and then a primary cross-linking agent with a mass fraction of 1% to 3% is added to the mixed solution, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and reacted for 2 to 4 hours to obtain a primary hydrogel fertilizer; an organic fine paste with a mass fraction of 1% to 6% is prepared by heating, and a soluble metal salt with a mass fraction of not less than 3% is mixed therein, and the primary hydrogel fertilizer is applied / soaked after uniform mixing; the gel fertilizer coated / soaked with the mixed fine paste film is soaked / sprayed with 0.03% to 0.07% hydrogen peroxide or potassium persulfate aqueous solution, and after the reaction is completed, a finished gel fertilizer with a slow-release membrane is obtained.

[0017] The present invention also provides use of the gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation in cultivating potted plants.

[0018] A method for cultivating potted plants is further provided, which uses the gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation to completely or partially replace daily fertilization. The specific fertilization method is as follows: for green plants planted in a culture matrix / soil, the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed is placed on the surface of the matrix / soil to complete fertilization; for hydroponic green plants, the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed is added into the culture solution to complete fertilization; for a courtyard drip irrigation system, the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed is added into an external bin of the drip irrigation inlet to complete fertilization; for indoor small potted plants and small green plants on a table, the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed is added into a watering can and fertilized while watering the plants to complete fertilization.

[0019] The gel fertilizer provided by the present invention has the following technical advantages: First, it is odorless and has a pleasant fragrance. It is also non-attractive and insect-resistant, and exhibits certain anti-insect and anti-algae effects. Second, the gel fertilizer releases its fertility slowly: under hydroponic, drip irrigation, or kettle immersion conditions, the gel fertilizer releases 1±0.5% of its fertility per day, with a complete release period of approximately 3.5 months per unit mass of water and fertilizer. Under soil and culture medium conditions, the gel fertilizer releases 1±0.75% of its fertility per day, with a complete release period of approximately 3 months. Third, the gel fertilizer completely decomposes after application, leaving no residual or accumulated complex chemicals. Fourthly, the gel fertilizer of the present invention is simple to apply: for green plants planted in a culture medium / soil, fertilization can be completed by placing the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed on the surface of the matrix / soil; for hydroponic green plants, fertilization can be completed by adding the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed into the culture solution; for a courtyard drip irrigation system, fertilization can be completed by adding the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed into the external bin of the drip irrigation inlet; for indoor small potted plants and small green plants on the table, fertilization can be completed by adding the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed into a watering can and watering the plants.

[0020] For specific usage and usage cycle, please refer to Table 1 and Table 2.

[0021] Table 1 Determine the usage amount according to planting method

[0022]

[0023] Table 2 Determine the usage amount according to irrigation method

[0024] Irrigation method Potted or hydroponic (g / L)a Drip irrigation flower beds or lawns (g / m2) Fertilization method Add to watering can or water container b Add to the drip irrigation water inlet gel fertilizer release container Fertilization cycle 30-50 days 20-30 days Dosage (g) 200～400 1000～1400

[0025] Note: a: Calculate the dosage based on the watering amount; b: The gel fertilizer of the present invention can be put into the watering container and soaked for 2 hours before watering. If the product is soaked continuously (without changing the water) for more than 2 weeks, it is recommended to dilute the soaking water with clean water 2 to more times (according to the number of soaking weeks) before watering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 、 onePicture of grade hydrogel fertilizer sample.

[0027] Figure 2 , finished product samples of iron film hydrogel fertilizer (iron ion membrane).

[0028] Figure 3 , finished product samples of calcium film hydrogel fertilizer (calcium ion membrane). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below by way of examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The preparation of the gel fertilizer of this embodiment is as follows:

[0032] 1. Prepare a uniform mixture of 5 parts by mass of alginic acid, 3 parts by mass of starch, 0.6 parts by mass of calcium carbonate, 40 parts by mass of urea, 0.1 parts by mass of menthol, 0.3 parts by mass of malathion, and 50 parts by mass of water. Then add 1 part by mass of phthalic anhydride and mix them evenly to perform primary crosslinking. After reacting for 2 to 4 hours, a hydrogel fertilizer without a slow-release effect can be obtained, forming a first-level hydrogel fertilizer. Figure 1 shown.

[0033] 2. Heat 1 part maltodextrin and 69 parts water to dissolve, and evenly mix 15 parts ferric nitrate and 5 parts calcium nitrate, soak the first-level hydrogel fertilizer in it for a few seconds, take it out and cool it, and obtain the first-level hydrogel fertilizer with mixed fine paste film. Dilute 0.06 parts of hydrogen peroxide in 9.94 parts of water to make a cross-linking agent, and evenly spray it on the first-level hydrogel fertilizer with mixed fine paste film. After the reaction is completed, complete the secondary cross-linking to form the finished iron film hydrogel fertilizer. The finished sample of iron film hydrogel fertilizer is as follows. Figure 2 The finished iron film hydrogel fertilizer has a hardness (Mohs hardness) between 0 and 1, a red glass luster, and can be stored for 1 to 1.5 years in vacuum packaging.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The preparation of the gel fertilizer of this embodiment is as follows:

[0036] 1. The operation is the same as that of Example 1.

[0037] 2. Heat 1 part maltodextrin and 69 parts water to dissolve, and evenly mix 20 parts calcium nitrate, soak the first-grade hydrogel fertilizer in it for a few seconds, take it out and let it cool. Dilute 0.06 parts hydrogen peroxide with 9.94 parts water to make a crosslinking agent, and evenly spray it on the first-grade hydrogel fertilizer with the mixed fine paste film. After the reaction is completed, complete the secondary crosslinking to form the finished calcium film hydrogel fertilizer. The finished sample of calcium film hydrogel fertilizer is as follows Figure 3The hardness of the finished calcium film hydrogel fertilizer (Mohs hardness) is between 0-1. The calcium film hydrogel fertilizer has a milky white glass luster and can be stored for 1-1.5 years in vacuum packaging.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] The iron film hydrogel fertilizer (iron ion film) prepared in Example 1 was used to compare the effects of urea containing equal, half, and one-quarter of the available nitrogen on hydroponic pothos. The specific method is as follows.

[0040] Test container is a plastic water storage set pot, upper diameter 10cm, lower diameter 8cm, outer basin high 16cm, inner basin high 8cm, inner basin is filled with matrix, and outer basin water 0.6kg (depth just drowns inner basin). The green radish maternal is cut into cuttings of one section and one leaf, and 10 cuttings are inserted in every basin. Watered after cuttage, potted plant is positioned in the indoor with sun scattered light, avoids being exposed to the sun. After cuttage, do not fertilize and only water in 14 days, every day blade spray keeps leaf surface moistening. Disposable fertilization was carried out in groups according to experimental design on the 15th day, experimental design 3.2g urea, 1.6g urea, 0.8g urea, 8g iron film hydrogel fertilizer (prepared by embodiment one, containing 3.2g urea) and do not fertilize (blank) 5 processes, each process is repeated 3 times. During the planting process, the watering amount and agronomic measures of each comparison ratio were consistent; the planting cycle was 65 days, and on the 30th and 65th days, 3 plants were randomly selected from each pot of green radish for growth index measurement.

[0041] Taking the stem length, root length and leaf area of Pothos sinensis as consideration indicators, the experimental results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0042] Table 3 Water culture green radish test results (30 days)

[0043] Stem length / cm Root length / cm Leaf area / g 3.2g urea 1.39±0.57 13.42±1.09 12.02±4.23 1.6g urea 4.44±0.70 78.38±3.12 34.68±2.27 0.8g urea 3.97±0.12 61.65±4.50 49.61±4.98 8g iron film hydrogel fertilizer 3.62±0.31 72.83±0.38 53.82±4.37 blank 2.80±0.64 46.36±3.37 35.35±3.60

[0044] Table 4 Water culture green radish test results (65 days)

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] From the above results, it can be seen that compared with the blank, the stem length, root length and leaf area of the four treated green radish are all increased. The early growth conditions of green radish are shown in Table 3. The stem length, root length and leaf area of green radish in the 3.2g urea group are significantly lower than those in the blank group. The phenomenon of excessive urea concentration causing seedling burn and root damage occurs. The growth of the other groups is normal and there is no significant difference. The late growth conditions of green radish are shown in Table 4. The stem length, root length and leaf area of green radish in the 8g iron film hydrogel fertilizer group increased the most, and the three groups of green radish with urea application grew slowly. Comparing the iron film hydrogel fertilizer and urea, it can be seen that the 8g iron film hydrogel fertilizer contains 3.2g urea. In the early growth stage of green radish, it did not cause the phenomenon of seedling burn and root damage like the 3.2g urea group. In the late growth stage, the nutrition supply is sufficient and the green radish grows best. This shows that the iron film hydrogel fertilizer has a stable slow-release effect and can effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] The effects of chemical fertilizers, controlled-release fertilizers, and the calcium film hydrogel fertilizer (calcium ion film) prepared in Example 2 with equal fertility on potted ornamental peppers were compared. The specific method is as follows.

[0050] The test container is a plastic basin with an upper diameter of 25 cm, a lower diameter of 20 cm, and a height of 20 cm. Pepper seedlings of the same seedling age are planted in each basin. Ten basins are used as a group, and 40 g of urea, 46 g of controlled-release urea, and 100 g of calcium film hydrogel fertilizer (prepared as in Example 2, containing 40 g of urea) containing equal nitrogen fertilizer (N=18.4 g) are applied to each basin. Controlled-release urea and calcium film hydrogel fertilizer are applied in a one-time manner according to the potting dosage before planting. 1 / 3 of urea is used as base fertilizer, 1 / 3 is applied during the "door pepper" harvest period, and 1 / 3 is applied during the fruiting period. Ten blank control groups are also set. After potting, the potted plants are placed in the direct sunlight area of the south-facing balcony. During the planting process, the amount of watering and other fertilizers used in each proportion are consistent; the planting cycle is 90 days.

[0051] Taking pepper plant height, stem thickness, and number of fruits per plant as consideration indicators, the experimental results are shown in Table 5.

[0052] Table 5 Test results of potted ornamental pepper

[0053] Plant height / cm Stem diameter / cm Number of fruits per plant / g urea 65.8 1.42 17.1 controlled-release urea 56.1 1.33 16.0 Calcium film hydrogel fertilizer 59.3 1.46 20.5 blank 51.4 1.05 14.0

[0054] The above results show that compared with the blank, the application of all three fertilizers increased pepper plant height, stem diameter, and fruit set per plant. The peppers in the urea group had the highest plant height but lower fruit set, indicating excessive vegetative growth and insufficient reproductive growth, resulting in an unbalanced nutrient supply from the fertilizer. The peppers in the controlled-release urea group had lower values for all three indicators than the other two fertilizers, indicating insufficient nitrogen absorption during the growth period and insufficient nutrient supply from the fertilizer. The peppers in the calcium-coated hydrogel fertilizer group had the largest stem diameter and the highest fruit set per plant, indicating that both vegetative and reproductive growth reached optimal levels. The calcium-coated hydrogel fertilizer releases fertility more evenly and stably than chemical fertilizers and controlled-release fertilizers.

Claims

1. A gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation, characterized in that: It is prepared by the following steps: S1. Preparation of a first-class hydrogel fertilizer: Prepare a water-soluble polymer organic solution with a mass fraction of 1% to 9%, and mix it with 15% to 25% of a water-soluble fertilizer, less than 0.5% of a fragrance, and less than 0.5% of an insect repellent to obtain a uniform mixture. Then, add a first-class cross-linking agent with a mass fraction of 1% to 3% to the mixture, mix uniformly, and react for 2 to 4 hours to obtain the first-class hydrogel fertilizer; Wherein, the water-soluble high molecular organic matter is starch and alginic acid; the primary cross-linking agent is composed of calcium carbonate and phthalic anhydride; S2. Preparation of finished gel fertilizer: heating maltodextrin having a mass fraction of 1% to 6%, adding a soluble metal salt having a mass fraction of not less than 3%, and evenly mixing the mixture before applying or soaking a first-grade hydrogel fertilizer; soaking or spraying the applied or soaked gel fertilizer with 0.03% to 0.07% hydrogen peroxide. After the reaction is complete, a finished gel fertilizer having a slow-release film is obtained; The soluble metal salt is selected from one or more of soluble calcium salts, magnesium salts, divalent iron salts, trivalent iron salts, aluminum salts, and barium salts.

2. The gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of calcium carbonate to phthalic anhydride is 1-0.

2.

3. The gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-soluble fertilizer is selected from one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, tripotassium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, triple superphosphate, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate; the fragrance is selected from one or more of menthol, limonene, and jasmine essence; and the insect repellent is selected from one or more of pyrethroids, malathion, and phoxim.

4. The gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also includes outer packaging for easy transportation and storage.

5. The method for preparing the gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A high-quality water-soluble high-molecular organic solution is prepared, and a water-soluble fertilizer, a fragrance and an insect repellent are mixed therein to obtain a uniform mixed solution, and a primary cross-linking agent is added to the mixed solution, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and reacted to obtain a first-class hydrogel fertilizer; The maltodextrin is heated and prepared, and a soluble metal salt is mixed therein, and after uniform mixing, the first-grade hydrogel fertilizer is applied or soaked; the gel fertilizer after application or soaking is soaked or sprayed with hydrogen peroxide, and after the reaction is completed, a finished gel fertilizer with a slow-release film is obtained.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein A water-soluble high molecular organic solution with a mass fraction of 1% to 9% is prepared, and 15% to 25% of a water-soluble fertilizer, less than 0.5% of a fragrance, and less than 0.5% of an insect repellent are mixed therein to obtain a uniform mixed solution. A primary cross-linking agent with a mass fraction of 1% to 3% is added to the mixed solution, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and reacted for 2 to 4 hours to obtain a primary hydrogel fertilizer; The method comprises the following steps: heating and preparing maltodextrin with a mass fraction of 1% to 6%, mixing the soluble metal salt with a mass fraction of not less than 3%, uniformly mixing the mixture, applying or soaking the first-class hydrogel fertilizer; soaking or spraying the applied or soaked mixed gel fertilizer with 0.03% to 0.07% hydrogen peroxide, and after the reaction is completed, obtaining a finished gel fertilizer with a slow-release membrane.

7. Use of the gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in cultivating potted plants.

8. A method for cultivating potted plants, characterized in that: The gel fertilizer suitable for potted plant cultivation as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is used to completely or partially replace daily fertilization, and the fertilization method is as follows: for green plants planted in a culture matrix or soil, the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed is placed on the matrix or the soil surface to complete the fertilization; for hydroponic green plants, the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed is added into the culture solution to complete the fertilization; for a courtyard drip irrigation system, the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed is added into the external bin of the drip irrigation inlet to complete the fertilization; for indoor small potted plants and small green plants on the table, the gel fertilizer with the outer packaging removed is added into a watering can, and the fertilization is completed while watering the plants.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The usage is determined by the planting method: direct application, with a fertilization cycle of 3 months. The fertilizer dosage for potted plants or hydroponic containers with a diameter of 15-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-50 cm, and greater than 50 cm is 50 grams, 100 grams, 150 grams, or 200 grams respectively; the flower pot culture soil or substrate is fertilized at 1-4 kg / cubic meter; the usage is determined by the irrigation method: for potted plants or hydroponics, add it to a watering pot or water container, soak it in the watering container for 2 hours and then start watering. The fertilization cycle is 30-50 days, and the dosage is 200-400 grams / liter calculated based on the watering amount; for drip-irrigated flower beds or lawns, add it to the gel fertilizer release container of the drip irrigation water inlet, with a fertilization cycle of 20-30 days and a dosage of 1000-1400 grams / square meter.

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