A computer assembly teaching device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of computers, in particular to a computer assembly teaching device; the computer assembly teaching device comprises a microcontroller and a power supply control and detection circuit, a base detection circuit, a memory bar detection circuit, a hard disk detection circuit, a fan detection circuit, a PCIEX detection circuit, an Ethernet communication circuit, a USB detection circuit, a front panel output signal control circuit and a detection result output circuit connected with the microcontroller; the computer assembly teaching device is connected with an assembled computer device, the computer assembly teaching device realizes automatic detection of the assembly situation of each main component of a computer mainboard, the process of detecting whether computer assembly is completed by relying on manpower is saved, the computer assembly situation is judged through a final output voltage signal, and the reason for assembly failure is accurately obtained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of computer, in particular, to a computer assembly teaching device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Computer assembly refers to the process of assembling computer hardware into a working computer before the computer is used. Different assemblers have different assembly operations on hardware in computer assembly, but the processor, motherboard, memory, hard disk, optical drive, graphics card, sound card, display, sound box, power supply, keyboard, mouse, etc. are essential. Nowadays, computers are becoming more and more popular, so computer assembly should be a basic skill that everyone must have. However, at present, the computer assembly detection is often manually detected one by one by the assembler, which consumes a lot of time and energy. In addition, if all parts are assembled with actual computer parts during the assembly training process, some electronic components are easy to be damaged in the repeated disassembly process, which greatly increases the cost. If some waste parts are used for assembly teaching, the success or failure of the assembly cannot be known at the first time, and the teacher needs to check one by one, which not only wastes time but also consumes energy, and the reason for the assembly failure cannot be known. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application proposes a computer assembly teaching device to solve the problems of long time-consuming and difficulty in accurately obtaining the assembly failure reason. The computer assembly teaching device is connected with the assembled computer device by setting a microcontroller and a power supply control and detection circuit, a base detection circuit, a memory bar detection circuit, a hard disk detection circuit, a fan detection circuit, a PCIEX detection circuit, an Ethernet communication circuit, a USB detection circuit, a front panel output signal control circuit and a detection result output circuit connected with the microcontroller, which realizes the automatic detection of the assembly situation of each main component of the computer motherboard, saves the process of relying on manpower to detect whether the computer assembly is completed, judges the computer assembly situation through the final output voltage signal, and accurately obtains the assembly failure reason.

[0004] The specific implementation content of the present application is as follows:

[0005] A computer assembly teaching device is connected with a computer device; including a microcontroller, and a power supply control and detection circuit, a base detection circuit, a memory bar detection circuit, a hard disk detection circuit, a fan detection circuit, a PCIEX detection circuit, an Ethernet communication circuit, a USB detection circuit, a front panel output signal control circuit and a detection result output circuit connected with the microcontroller.

[0006] The power supply control and detection circuit comprises a power supply control circuit and a power supply detection circuit; the power supply control circuit is connected with the CK_PWR_MAIN interface of the microcontroller; and the power supply detection circuit is connected with the CTL_PWR interface of the microcontroller.

[0007] The base detection circuit is connected with the CK_CPU interface of the microcontroller.

[0008] The memory stick detection circuit is connected with the CK_DDR interface of the microcontroller.

[0009] The hard disk detection circuit is connected with the SATARXN interface of the microcontroller.

[0010] The fan detection circuit is connected with the FUN_OK interface and the FUN_SPEED interface of the microcontroller.

[0011] The PCIEX detection circuit is connected with the CK_PCIE interface of the microcontroller.

[0012] The Ethernet communication circuit is connected with the U3_RX interface, the U3_TX interface, the ETH_STATE interface and the ETH_RST interface of the microcontroller.

[0013] The USB detection circuit is connected with the USB interface of the microcontroller.

[0014] The front panel output signal control circuit is connected with the PW_ON interface, the RESET interface and the PWR_LED interface of the microcontroller.

[0015] The detection result output circuit is connected with the MCU_TP interface of the microcontroller.

[0016] In order to better realize the present application, further, the computer assembly teaching device further comprises a clock circuit, a reset circuit, an EEPROM storage circuit, a FLASH storage circuit, an RTC clock circuit, an indicator lamp and a filter circuit.

[0017] The clock circuit is connected with the XTHI interface and the XTHO interface of the microcontroller.

[0018] The reset circuit is connected with the RSTB interface of the microcontroller.

[0019] The EEPROM storage circuit is connected with the SCL interface of the microcontroller.

[0020] The FLASH storage circuit is connected with the FLASH_MOSI interface, the FLASH_MISO interface, the FLASH_SCK interface and the FLASH_CS interface of the microcontroller.

[0021] The RTC clock circuit is connected to the RTC_SCLK interface, RTC_DAT interface, and RTC_CE interface of the microcontroller;

[0022] The indicator light is connected to the LED_PD12 interface of the microcontroller;

[0023] One end of the filter circuit is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to ground.

[0024] To better realize the present invention, the power control circuit further includes a power control interface, resistors R18, R20, and R16, and transistor Q1.

[0025] One end of the resistor R18 is connected to the PW-OK interface of the power control interface, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q1.

[0026] The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to ground, and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to resistor R16 and the CK PWR MAIN interface of the microcontroller.

[0027] One end of the resistor R16 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1, and the other end is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0028] One end of the resistor R20 is connected between the resistor R18 and the source of the transistor Q1, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q1 and ground.

[0029] The power detection circuit includes resistors R19, R17, and R21, and transistor Q2;

[0030] One end of the resistor R19 is connected to the CTL_PWR interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q2.

[0031] The emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to ground, and the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to resistor R17.

[0032] One end of the resistor R21 is connected between the resistor R19 and the source of the transistor Q2, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q2 and ground.

[0033] One end of the resistor R17 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2.

[0034] The PS-ON interface of the power control interface is connected between the resistor R17 and the collector of the transistor Q2.

[0035] To better realize the present invention, the base detection circuit further includes a reflective infrared phototube U11, resistor R8, resistor R7, and resistor R9.

[0036] The first and fourth terminals of the reflective infrared phototube U11 are connected to ground. The second terminal of the reflective infrared phototube U11 is connected to resistor R8, which is connected to a 5V power supply. The third terminal of the reflective infrared phototube U11 is connected to resistor R9.

[0037] One end of the resistor R7 is connected between the resistor R9 and the third end of the reflective infrared phototube U11, and the other end is connected to the CK_CPU interface of the microcontroller.

[0038] The end of resistor R9 that is not connected to the third terminal of reflective infrared phototube U11 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0039] To better realize the present invention, the memory module detection circuit further includes an H78 socket and a resistor R138;

[0040] One end of the resistor R138 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the CK_DDR interface of the H78 socket and the CK_DDR interface of the microcontroller.

[0041] To better realize the present invention, the hard disk detection circuit further includes a hard disk interface and a resistor R46;

[0042] The TX+ interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATATXP interface of the microcontroller, the TX- interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATATXN interface of the microcontroller, the RX+ interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATARXP interface of the microcontroller, and the RX- interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATARXN interface of the microcontroller. One end of the resistor R46 is connected between the TX- interface of the hard drive interface and the SATATXN interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to ground.

[0043] To better realize the present invention, the fan detection circuit further includes a fan interface P7, resistors R41, R91, R36, R93, R101, diode D7, and transistor Q3.

[0044] One end of the resistor R41 is connected to the FUN_SPEED interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q3.

[0045] One end of the resistor R93 is connected between the resistor R41 and the source of the transistor Q3, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q3 and ground.

[0046] One end of the resistor R36 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the PWM interface of the fan interface P7.

[0047] One end of the resistor R91 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the FB interface of the fan interface P7.

[0048] The collector of transistor Q3 is connected between resistor R36 and the PWM interface of fan interface P7.

[0049] One end of the resistor R101 is connected between the resistor R91 and the FB interface of the fan interface P7, and the other end is connected to the grounded diode D7.

[0050] The FUN_OK interface of the microcontroller is connected between the resistor R101 and the diode D7.

[0051] To better realize the present invention, the PCIEX detection circuit further includes a PCIE-16X interface H9, a PCIE-1X interface H10, resistors R86, R94, R56, and R59.

[0052] The A25 pin of the PCIE-16X interface H9 is connected to the VGA_ADC7 interface of the microcontroller, and the B72 pin of the PCIE-16X interface H9 is connected to the resistor R94.

[0053] The resistor R94 is connected to the CK_PCIEX16 interface of the microcontroller;

[0054] One end of the resistor R86 is connected between the resistor R94 and the CK_PCIEX16 interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0055] The B18 pin of the PCIE-1X interface H10 is connected to the resistor R59;

[0056] One end of resistor R56 is connected to resistor R59, and the other end is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0057] The microcontroller's CK_PCIE interface is connected between resistor R59 and resistor R56.

[0058] To better realize the present invention, the Ethernet communication circuit further includes an Ethernet controller and an Ethernet interface circuit;

[0059] The Ethernet interface circuit includes connector J5, resistor R12, capacitor C41, resistor R14, and resistor R15.

[0060] One end of the resistor R12 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the capacitor C41;

[0061] One end of the resistor R14 is connected to the LEDR interface of the Ethernet controller, and the other end is connected to the tenth end of the connector J5.

[0062] One end of the resistor R15 is connected to the LEDT interface of the Ethernet controller, and the other end is connected to the eleventh end of the connector J5;

[0063] The first end of connector J5 is connected to the ET+ interface of the Ethernet controller; the second end of connector J5 is connected to the ET- interface of the Ethernet controller; the third end of connector J5 is connected to the ER+ interface of the Ethernet controller; the sixth end of connector J5 is connected to the ER- interface of the Ethernet controller; the eighth, thirteenth, and fourteenth ends of connector J5 are connected to the ground terminal; and the ninth and twelfth ends of connector J5 are connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0064] The fourth end of the connector J5 is connected between the resistor R12 and the capacitor C41;

[0065] The fifth end of the connector J5 is connected between the fourth end of the connector J5 and the capacitor C41.

[0066] The RXD interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the U3_RX interface of the microcontroller; the TXD interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the U3_TX interface of the microcontroller.

[0067] The STATE interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the ETH_STATE interface of the microcontroller;

[0068] The RSTN interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the ETH_RST interface of the microcontroller.

[0069] To better realize the present invention, the USB detection circuit further includes a USB controller, a fuse F6, a capacitor C65, a capacitor C66, a resistor R61, a resistor R62, a resistor R63, and a resistor R64.

[0070] One end of the capacitor C65 is connected to the first terminal of the USB controller, and the other end is connected between the ground terminal and the fourth terminal of the USB controller.

[0071] One end of the capacitor C66 is connected to the fifth terminal of the USB controller, and the other end is connected between the ground terminal and the eighth terminal of the USB controller.

[0072] One end of the fuse F6 is connected to the USB interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the first and fifth terminals of the USB controller.

[0073] Resistor R61 is connected between the second USB terminal and ground; resistor R62 is connected between the third USB terminal and ground; resistor R63 is connected between the seventh USB terminal and ground; resistor R64 is connected between the sixth USB terminal and ground.

[0074] To better realize the present invention, the front panel output signal control circuit further includes a buzzer circuit, an indicator light circuit, and a power on / off button interface circuit;

[0075] The buzzer circuit includes transistor Q16, resistor R131, buzzer LS1, and resistor R129;

[0076] The SPK+ interface of the buzzer LS1 is connected to the resistor R129; the end of the resistor R129 not connected to the buzzer LS1 is connected to a 12V power supply.

[0077] The collector of transistor Q16 is connected to the SPK- interface of buzzer LS1, the emitter of transistor Q16 is connected to ground, and the source of transistor Q16 is connected to the CTL_SPEAKER interface of microcontroller.

[0078] One end of the resistor R131 is connected between the source of the transistor Q16 and the CTL_SPEAKER interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q16 and ground.

[0079] The indicator circuit includes resistor R121, indicator LED2, transistor Q12, and resistor R126;

[0080] The emitter of transistor Q12 is connected to ground, the source of transistor Q12 is connected to resistor R126, and the collector of transistor Q12 is connected to indicator LED2.

[0081] One end of the resistor R121 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the indicator LED2;

[0082] The HD_LED interface of the microcontroller is connected between the indicator LED2 and the collector of the transistor Q12;

[0083] The power button interface circuit includes connector P5, resistors R125, R123, R127, R128, indicator LED3, and transistor Q15.

[0084] One end of the resistor R125 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the third end of the connector P5 and the PW_ON interface of the microcontroller.

[0085] One end of the resistor R128 is connected to the seventh terminal of the connector P5, and the other end is connected to the ground terminal.

[0086] One end of the resistor R127 is connected between the resistor R128 and the seventh terminal of the connector P5, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q15.

[0087] One end of the resistor R123 is connected to a 12V power supply, and the other end is connected to the collector of the transistor Q15.

[0088] The emitter of the transistor Q15 is connected to ground;

[0089] One end of the indicator LED3 is connected between the seventh end of the connector P5 and the resistor R127, and the other end is connected between the ninth end of the connector P5, the resistor R123, and the 12V power supply.

[0090] The fourth end of connector P5 is connected to the RESET interface of the microcontroller, and the third end of connector P5 is connected to the PW_ON interface of the microcontroller.

[0091] The PWR_LED interface of the microcontroller is connected between the collector of the transistor Q15 and the resistor R123.

[0092] To better realize the present invention, the detection result output circuit further includes capacitor C63, resistor R88, transistor Q18, resistor R77, and resistor R162.

[0093] One end of capacitor C63 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the MCU_TP1 interface of the microcontroller.

[0094] One end of the resistor R88 is connected between the capacitor C63 and the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the capacitor C63 and the MCU_TP1 interface of the microcontroller.

[0095] The gate of transistor Q18 is connected to resistor R88, capacitor C63, and the MCU_TP1 interface of the microcontroller; the source of transistor Q18 is connected to resistor R88, capacitor C63, and the VDD interface of the microcontroller; and the drain of transistor Q18 is connected to resistor R77.

[0096] One end of resistor R162 is connected to resistor R77, and the other end is connected to ground.

[0097] A detection voltage signal is output between resistor R162 and resistor R77.

[0098] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0099] This invention utilizes embedded technology to realistically simulate each stage of the computer assembly process, enabling automatic detection of the assembly status of various components on the computer motherboard. This eliminates the need for manual inspection of whether the computer assembly is complete. The assembly status is accurately obtained by judging the final output voltage signal. Furthermore, some electronic components only serve the function of power-on detection and do not require computational processing functions. Therefore, corresponding models can be used to replace assembly, greatly saving costs. Attached Figure Description

[0100] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the microcontroller structure provided by the present invention.

[0101] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the clock circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0102] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reset circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0103] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the EEPROM storage circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0104] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the FLASH storage circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0105] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the RTC clock circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0106] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the indicator light circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0107] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the filter circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0108] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the power control interface structure provided by the present invention.

[0109] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the power detection circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0110] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the 12VB power supply circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0111] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the 12V power supply circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0112] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the 5V power supply circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0113] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the 3.3V power supply circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0114] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the base detection circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0115] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the memory module detection circuit provided by the present invention.

[0116] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the SATA1 hard drive detection circuit provided by the present invention.

[0117] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the SATA2 hard drive detection circuit provided by the present invention.

[0118] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the SATA3 hard drive detection circuit provided by the present invention.

[0119] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the SATA4 hard drive detection circuit provided by the present invention.

[0120] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the fan detection circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0121] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the PCIE-16X detection circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0122] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the PCIE-1X detection circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0123] Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the J3 interface structure of the PCIEX detection circuit provided by the present invention.

[0124] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated detection switch interface of the PCIEX detection circuit provided by the present invention.

[0125] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the Ethernet controller structure provided by the present invention.

[0126] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the Ethernet interface circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0127] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the USB1 detection circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0128] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the USB2 detection circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0129] Figure 30 A schematic diagram of the power on / off button interface circuit provided by the present invention.

[0130] Figure 31 A schematic diagram of the buzzer circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0131] Figure 32 A schematic diagram of the front panel indicator light circuit structure provided by the present invention.

[0132] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the 12V CPU power supply detection result output circuit provided by the present invention.

[0133] Figure 34 A schematic diagram of the 5V main power supply detection result output circuit provided by the present invention.

[0134] Figure 35 This is a schematic diagram of the CPU fan detection result output circuit provided by the present invention.

[0135] Figure 36 A schematic diagram of the 1.2V CPU detection result output circuit provided by the present invention.

[0136] Figure 37 A schematic diagram of the memory module 1.8V detection result output circuit provided by the present invention.

[0137] Figure 38 A schematic diagram of the NGFF SATA 5V detection result output circuit provided by the present invention.

[0138] Figure 39 This is a schematic diagram of the USB 5V detection result output circuit provided by the present invention.

[0139] Figure 40This is a schematic diagram of the USB 5V detection result output circuit provided by the present invention.

[0140] Figure 41 A schematic block diagram of the overall structure of the computer assembly teaching equipment provided by the present invention.

[0141] Figure 42 This is a schematic diagram of the motherboard structure provided by the present invention.

[0142] The components include: 1. First dual-layer USB interface; 2. DB9 serial port; 3. VGA interface; 4. Second dual-layer USB interface; 5. Ethernet interface; 6. Audio interface; 7. Front panel audio interface; 8. LPC interface; 9. Front panel buzzer interface; 10. Motherboard expansion fan interface; 11. Front panel expansion USB interface; 12. Front panel power button, reset button, front panel indicator light, and front panel hard drive indicator light interface; 13. First SATA interface; 14. Second SATA interface; 15. Reserved expansion USB interface; 16. Third SATA interface; 17. Fourth SATA interface; 18. First ATX power connector; 19. CPU fan interface; 20. Second ATX power connector; 21. CPU socket; 22. First memory slot; 23. Second memory slot; 24. NGFF solid-state drive interface; 25. Graphics card interface; 26. PCI-1X interface; 27. Embedded microprocessor. Detailed Implementation

[0143] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of protection. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0144] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Example 1

[0145] This embodiment proposes a computer assembly teaching device, which is connected to a computer device, such as...Figure 41 As shown, it includes a microcontroller, and power control and detection circuits, base detection circuit, memory module detection circuit, hard disk detection circuit, fan detection circuit, PCIEX detection circuit, Ethernet communication circuit, USB detection circuit, front panel output signal control circuit and detection result output circuit connected to the microcontroller.

[0146] The power control and detection circuit includes a power control circuit and a power detection circuit; the power control circuit is connected to the CK_PWR_MAIN interface of the microcontroller; the power detection circuit is connected to the CTL_PWR interface of the microcontroller.

[0147] The base detection circuit is connected to the CK_CPU interface of the microcontroller;

[0148] The memory module detection circuit is connected to the CK_DDR interface of the microcontroller;

[0149] The hard disk detection circuit is connected to the SATARXN interface of the microcontroller;

[0150] The fan detection circuit is connected to the FUN_OK interface and FUN_SPEED interface of the microcontroller;

[0151] The PCIEX detection circuit is connected to the CK_PCIE interface of the microcontroller;

[0152] The Ethernet communication circuit is connected to the U3_RX interface, U3_TX interface, ETH_STATE interface, and ETH_RST interface of the microcontroller;

[0153] The USB detection circuit is connected to the USB interface of the microcontroller;

[0154] The front panel output signal control circuit is connected to the PW_ON interface, RESET interface, and PWR_LED interface of the microcontroller.

[0155] The detection result output circuit is connected to the MCU_TP interface of the microcontroller.

[0156] Working principle: This embodiment connects a computer assembly teaching device, which includes a microcontroller and connected power control and detection circuits, a base detection circuit, a memory module detection circuit, a hard drive detection circuit, a fan detection circuit, a PCIEX detection circuit, an Ethernet communication circuit, a USB detection circuit, a front panel output signal control circuit, and a detection result output circuit, to the assembled computer equipment. This enables automatic detection of the assembly status of each major component of the computer motherboard, eliminating the need for manual inspection of whether the computer assembly is complete. The final output voltage signal determines the computer assembly status and accurately identifies the cause of assembly failure. Example 2

[0157] This embodiment is based on the above embodiment 1, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, a specific embodiment of the microcontroller is described in detail.

[0158] like Figure 1 As shown, the microcontroller uses GD32F103VET6 as the control core of the computer assembly teaching equipment. The auxiliary peripheral circuits include clock circuit, reset circuit, EEPROM storage circuit, FLASH storage circuit, RTC clock circuit, indicator lights, filter circuit, etc.

[0159] like Figure 2 As shown, the clock circuit is connected to the XTHI and XTHO interfaces of the microcontroller;

[0160] like Figure 3 As shown, the reset circuit is connected to the RSTB interface of the microcontroller;

[0161] like Figure 4 As shown, the EEPROM storage circuit is connected to the SCL interface of the microcontroller;

[0162] like Figure 5 As shown, the FLASH storage circuit is connected to the FLASH_MOSI interface, FLASH_MISO interface, FLASH_SCK interface, and FLASH_CS interface of the microcontroller;

[0163] like Figure 6 As shown, the RTC clock circuit is connected to the RTC_SCLK interface, RTC_DAT interface, and RTC_CE interface of the microcontroller;

[0164] like Figure 7As shown, the indicator light is connected to the LED_PD12 interface of the microcontroller;

[0165] like Figure 8 As shown, one end of the filter circuit is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to ground.

[0166] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1 above, so they will not be described again. Example 3

[0167] This embodiment is based on any one of the above embodiments 1-2, such as Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, a specific embodiment is used to illustrate the detailed structure of the power control and detection circuit.

[0168] The power control circuit includes a power control interface, resistors R18, R20, and R16, and transistor Q1.

[0169] One end of the resistor R18 is connected to the PW-OK interface of the power control interface, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q1.

[0170] The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to ground, and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to resistor R16 and the CK_PWR_MAIN interface of the microcontroller.

[0171] One end of the resistor R16 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1, and the other end is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0172] One end of the resistor R20 is connected between the resistor R18 and the source of the transistor Q1, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q1 and ground.

[0173] The power detection circuit includes resistors R19, R17, and R21, and transistor Q2;

[0174] One end of the resistor R19 is connected to the CTL_PWR interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q2.

[0175] The emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to ground, and the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to resistor R17.

[0176] One end of the resistor R21 is connected between the resistor R19 and the source of the transistor Q2, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q2 and ground.

[0177] One end of the resistor R17 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2.

[0178] The PS-ON interface of the power control interface is connected between the resistor R17 and the collector of the transistor Q2.

[0179] Computer motherboards are typically powered by a standard ATX power supply. The power supply provided in this embodiment offers multiple power sources to the motherboard, including +12V, +5V, +5V standby, and +3.3V. However, by default, only the +5V standby power supply is powered, while the other power supplies are in a state of being off. In this embodiment, the +5V standby power supply is used to power the microcontroller. When the power button is pressed, the microcontroller begins to control the other power supplies to power on.

[0180] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-2 above, so they will not be described again. Example 4

[0181] This embodiment is based on any one of embodiments 1-3 above, such as Figure 15 As shown, the specific structure of the base detection circuit is described in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0182] The base detection circuit includes a reflective infrared phototube U11, resistor R8, resistor R7, and resistor R9.

[0183] The first and fourth terminals of the reflective infrared phototube U11 are connected to ground. The second terminal of the reflective infrared phototube U11 is connected to resistor R8, which is connected to a 5V power supply. The third terminal of the reflective infrared phototube U11 is connected to resistor R9.

[0184] One end of the resistor R7 is connected between the resistor R9 and the third end of the reflective infrared phototube U11, and the other end is connected to the CK_CPU interface of the microcontroller.

[0185] The end of resistor R9 that is not connected to the third terminal of reflective infrared phototube U11 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0186] The CPU used in the computer assembly teaching equipment is the LGA1150 CPU socket. This model is widely available on the market, with many options to choose from, making it quite representative. The CPU socket has each pin fanned out according to its CPU function. It is capable of independent operation. For CPU installation testing, an infrared photoelectric switch is used to verify that the CPU is correctly installed.

[0187] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-3 above, so they will not be described again. Example 5

[0188] This embodiment is based on any one of embodiments 1-4 above, such as Figure 16 As shown, the specific structure of the memory module detection circuit is described in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0189] The memory module detection circuit includes an H78 socket and a resistor R138.

[0190] One end of the resistor R138 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the CK_DDR interface of the H78 socket and the CK_DDR interface of the microcontroller.

[0191] In this embodiment, the DDR3 memory module is mainly connected to the LGA1150 CPU socket. Whether the memory module is installed is monitored by connecting it to the microcontroller through a dedicated communication interface.

[0192] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-4 above, so they will not be described again. Example 6

[0193] This embodiment is based on any one of embodiments 1-5 above, such as Figure 21 As shown, the specific structure of the fan detection circuit is described in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0194] The fan detection circuit includes a fan interface P7, resistors R41, R91, R36, R93, and R101, diode D7, and transistor Q3.

[0195] One end of the resistor R41 is connected to the FUN_SPEED interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q3.

[0196] One end of the resistor R93 is connected between the resistor R41 and the source of the transistor Q3, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q3 and ground.

[0197] One end of the resistor R36 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the PWM interface of the fan interface P7.

[0198] One end of the resistor R91 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the FB interface of the fan interface P7.

[0199] The collector of transistor Q3 is connected between resistor R36 and the PWM interface of fan interface P7.

[0200] One end of the resistor R101 is connected between the resistor R91 and the FB interface of the fan interface P7, and the other end is connected to the grounded diode D7.

[0201] The FUN_OK interface of the microcontroller is connected between the resistor R101 and the diode D7.

[0202] A CPU fan is a heatsink in a computer used to cool the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Its main function is to remove heat from the CPU surface, keeping the CPU temperature within a safe range. Checking a CPU fan primarily involves ensuring it's correctly connected to the power supply and verifying the power cable is intact. You can confirm a normal power supply by observing whether the fan is running normally. The selected CPU fan has a speed sensor, which connects to the motherboard via a fan header. During computer startup, the motherboard monitors the fan speed and displays it in the BIOS or operating system. If the fan speed is zero or abnormally low, a fan malfunction may be present.

[0203] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-5 above, so they will not be described again. Example 7

[0204] This embodiment is based on any one of embodiments 1-6 above, such as... Figure 22 , Figure 23 , Figure 24 , Figure 25 As shown, a specific embodiment of the PCIEX detection circuit is described in detail.

[0205] The PCIEX detection circuit includes PCIE-16X interface H9, PCIE-1X interface H10, resistor R86, resistor R94, resistor R56, and resistor R59;

[0206] The A25 pin of the PCIE-16X interface H9 is connected to the VGA_ADC7 interface of the microcontroller, and the B72 pin of the PCIE-16X interface H9 is connected to the resistor R94.

[0207] The resistor R94 is connected to the CK_PCIEX16 interface of the microcontroller;

[0208] One end of the resistor R86 is connected between the resistor R94 and the CK_PCIEX16 interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0209] The B18 pin of the PCIE-1X interface H10 is connected to the resistor R59;

[0210] One end of resistor R56 is connected to resistor R59, and the other end is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0211] The microcontroller's CK_PCIE interface is connected between resistor R59 and resistor R56.

[0212] The PCIe x16 interface is an expansion slot interface used to connect high-performance graphics cards. It is a type of PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) bus standard. The PCIe x16 interface is widely used in modern computer systems, especially in applications requiring powerful graphics performance such as gaming, graphic design, and video editing. By inserting the graphics card into a PCIe x16 slot on the motherboard, high-speed data transfer and communication between the graphics card and the motherboard can be achieved.

[0213] When a graphics card is inserted into the PCIe x16 interface, relevant timing signals will be detected from the data communication interface. The microcontroller in this design determines whether a graphics card is inserted by monitoring these timing signals.

[0214] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-6 above, so they will not be described again. Example 8

[0215] This embodiment is based on any one of embodiments 1-7 above, such as Figure 26 , Figure 27 As shown, a specific embodiment of the Ethernet communication circuit is described in detail.

[0216] Ethernet communication circuits include Ethernet controllers and Ethernet interface circuits;

[0217] The Ethernet interface circuit includes connector J5, resistor R12, capacitor C41, resistor R14, and resistor R15.

[0218] One end of the resistor R12 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the capacitor C41;

[0219] One end of the resistor R14 is connected to the LEDR interface of the Ethernet controller, and the other end is connected to the tenth end of the connector J5.

[0220] One end of the resistor R15 is connected to the LEDT interface of the Ethernet controller, and the other end is connected to the eleventh end of the connector J5;

[0221] The first end of connector J5 is connected to the ET+ interface of the Ethernet controller; the second end of connector J5 is connected to the ET- interface of the Ethernet controller; the third end of connector J5 is connected to the ER+ interface of the Ethernet controller; the sixth end of connector J5 is connected to the ER- interface of the Ethernet controller; the eighth, thirteenth, and fourteenth ends of connector J5 are connected to the ground terminal; and the ninth and twelfth ends of connector J5 are connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

[0222] The fourth end of the connector J5 is connected between the resistor R12 and the capacitor C41;

[0223] The fifth end of the connector J5 is connected between the fourth end of the connector J5 and the capacitor C41.

[0224] The RXD interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the U3_RX interface of the microcontroller; the TXD interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the U3_TX interface of the microcontroller.

[0225] The STATE interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the ETH_STATE interface of the microcontroller;

[0226] The RSTN interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the ETH_RST interface of the microcontroller.

[0227] The Ethernet circuitry on the motherboard refers to the circuitry used to establish communication between the computer and a local area network (LAN) or the Internet. It is a key component connecting the computer to the network. It consists of two main parts: the Ethernet controller and the interface. The Ethernet controller is responsible for handling data transmission and network protocol processing between the computer and the Ethernet network. In this embodiment, the Ethernet controller is a chip integrated onto the motherboard. The interface is a physical interface provided by the Ethernet circuitry for connecting Ethernet cables. In this embodiment, the Ethernet interface used is an RJ-45 interface.

[0228] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-7 above, so they will not be described again. Example 9

[0229] This embodiment is based on any one of embodiments 1-8 above, such as Figure 28 , Figure 29As shown, the specific structure of the USB detection circuit is described in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0230] The USB detection circuit includes a USB controller, fuse F6, capacitor C65, capacitor C66, resistor R61, resistor R62, resistor R63, and resistor R64.

[0231] One end of the capacitor C65 is connected to the first terminal of the USB controller, and the other end is connected between the ground terminal and the fourth terminal of the USB controller.

[0232] One end of the capacitor C66 is connected to the fifth terminal of the USB controller, and the other end is connected between the ground terminal and the eighth terminal of the USB controller.

[0233] One end of the fuse F6 is connected to the USB interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the first and fifth terminals of the USB controller.

[0234] Resistor R61 is connected between the second USB terminal and ground; resistor R62 is connected between the third USB terminal and ground; resistor R63 is connected between the seventh USB terminal and ground; resistor R64 is connected between the sixth USB terminal and ground.

[0235] The USB ports on the motherboard are Universal Serial Bus (USB) interfaces used to connect external devices. They are a crucial interface for data transfer and communication between the computer and external devices, with a wide range of applications. In this design, the motherboard integrates four USB ports and a USB bus controller. When a USB device is plugged into a USB port on the motherboard, the motherboard detects the insertion by sensing voltage changes or insertion / removal signals in the slot. This can be achieved by adding detection lines (such as VCC, D+, D-) to the USB port's circuitry. Once the motherboard detects the device's insertion, the USB controller begins communicating with the device to verify its identity and function. The USB device sends a specific identifier (ID) and descriptor to the USB controller so that the controller can identify the device's type and function.

[0236] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-8 above, so they will not be described again.

[0237] Example 10:

[0238] This embodiment is based on any one of embodiments 1-9 above, such as Figure 30 , Figure 31 , Figure 32 As shown, the specific structure of the front panel output signal control circuit is described in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0239] The front panel output signal control circuit includes a buzzer circuit, a front panel indicator light circuit, and a power on / off button interface circuit.

[0240] The buzzer circuit includes transistor Q16, resistor R131, buzzer LS1, and resistor R129;

[0241] The SPK+ interface of the buzzer LS1 is connected to the resistor R129; the end of the resistor R129 not connected to the buzzer LS1 is connected to a 12V power supply.

[0242] The collector of transistor Q16 is connected to the SPK- interface of buzzer LS1, the emitter of transistor Q16 is connected to ground, and the source of transistor Q16 is connected to the CTL_SPEAKER interface of microcontroller.

[0243] One end of the resistor R131 is connected between the source of the transistor Q16 and the CTL_SPEAKER interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q16 and ground.

[0244] The indicator circuit includes resistor R121, indicator LED2, transistor Q12, and resistor R126;

[0245] The emitter of transistor Q12 is connected to ground, the source of transistor Q12 is connected to resistor R126, and the collector of transistor Q12 is connected to indicator LED2.

[0246] One end of the resistor R121 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the indicator LED2;

[0247] The HD_LED interface of the microcontroller is connected between the indicator LED2 and the collector of the transistor Q12;

[0248] The power button interface circuit includes connector P5, resistors R125, R123, R127, R128, indicator LED3, and transistor Q15.

[0249] One end of the resistor R125 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the third end of the connector P5 and the PW_ON interface of the microcontroller.

[0250] One end of the resistor R128 is connected to the seventh terminal of the connector P5, and the other end is connected to the ground terminal.

[0251] One end of the resistor R127 is connected between the resistor R128 and the seventh terminal of the connector P5, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q15.

[0252] One end of the resistor R123 is connected to a 12V power supply, and the other end is connected to the collector of the transistor Q15.

[0253] The emitter of the transistor Q15 is connected to ground;

[0254] One end of the indicator LED3 is connected between the seventh end of the connector P5 and the resistor R127, and the other end is connected between the ninth end of the connector P5, the resistor R123, and the 12V power supply.

[0255] The fourth end of connector P5 is connected to the RESET interface of the microcontroller, and the third end of connector P5 is connected to the PW_ON interface of the microcontroller.

[0256] The PWR_LED interface of the microcontroller is connected between the collector of the transistor Q15 and the resistor R123.

[0257] The front panel output signal control circuit mainly includes connectors such as buzzer, indicator light, power button interface, etc.

[0258] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-9 above, so they will not be described again.

[0259] Example 11:

[0260] This embodiment is based on any one of the embodiments 1-10 above, such as Figure 33 , Figure 34 , Figure 35 , Figure 36 , Figure 37 , Figure 38 , Figure 39 , Figure 40 As shown, the specific structure of the detection result output circuit is described in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0261] like Figure 33 As shown, the 12V CPU power supply detection result output circuit includes capacitor C63, resistor R88, transistor Q18, resistor R77, and resistor R162.

[0262] One end of capacitor C63 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the MCU_TP1 interface of the microcontroller.

[0263] One end of the resistor R88 is connected between the capacitor C63 and the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the capacitor C63 and the MCU_TP1 interface of the microcontroller.

[0264] The gate of transistor Q18 is connected to resistor R88, capacitor C63, and the MCU_TP1 interface of the microcontroller; the source of transistor Q18 is connected to resistor R88, capacitor C63, and the VDD interface of the microcontroller; and the drain of transistor Q18 is connected to resistor R77.

[0265] One end of resistor R162 is connected to resistor R77, and the other end is connected to ground.

[0266] A detection voltage signal is output between resistor R162 and resistor R77.

[0267] Figure 34 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure for outputting the 5V main power supply detection results. Figure 35 This is a schematic diagram of the CPU fan detection result output circuit. Figure 36 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure for outputting the detection results from a 1.2V CPU. Figure 37 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure for outputting the 1.8V detection result of the memory module. Figure 38 This is a schematic diagram of the NGFF SATA 5V detection result output circuit. Figure 39 This is a schematic diagram of the USB 5V detection result output circuit. Figure 40 This is a schematic diagram of the USB 5V power supply output circuit. Its principle and structure are the same as the 12V CPU power supply output circuit, and will not be described again. The output circuit is mainly used to output test information to the computer diagnostic card. For ease of connection, a DB9 interface is used to output the test results as a voltage signal.

[0268] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-10 above, so they will not be described again.

[0269] Example 12:

[0270] This embodiment is based on any one of the embodiments 1-11 above, such as Figure 17 , Figure 18 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 As shown, the detailed structure of the hard disk detection circuit is described in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0271] The hard drive detection circuit includes the hard drive interface and resistor R46;

[0272] The TX+ interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATATXP interface of the microcontroller, the TX- interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATATXN interface of the microcontroller, the RX+ interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATARXP interface of the microcontroller, and the RX- interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATARXN interface of the microcontroller. One end of the resistor R46 is connected between the TX- interface of the hard drive interface and the SATATXN interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to ground.

[0273] The SATA hard drive interface is currently the primary hard drive interface in computers. Typically, at least four SATA hard drive interfaces are integrated on a computer motherboard. In addition to the data interface, SATA hard drives also have power supply circuitry, but the power supply is usually directly provided by an ATX power supply. The SATA communication line can be used to detect whether a hard drive is connected.

[0274] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-11 above, so they will not be described again.

[0275] Example 13:

[0276] This embodiment is based on any one of embodiments 1-12 above, such as Figure 42 As shown, the computer assembly process is explained in conjunction with the motherboard structure diagram.

[0277] Computer assembly is a relatively complex process that requires following the correct steps. Below are the general steps for assembling a computer:

[0278] (1) Preparation:

[0279] Collect the necessary hardware components, including motherboard, processor, memory, storage devices, power supply, graphics card, etc.

[0280] Prepare assembly tools, such as screwdrivers, tweezers, thermal paste, etc.

[0281] Create a clean, static-safe working environment.

[0282] (2) Install the motherboard:

[0283] Place the motherboard on the workbench and find a suitable case based on the motherboard size.

[0284] Align the motherboard with the rear panel of the chassis, ensuring that the I / O ports are aligned with the openings in the rear panel.

[0285] Secure the motherboard to the case using screws.

[0286] (3) Install the processor and heatsink:

[0287] Depending on the motherboard type, open the protective cover of the CPU socket.

[0288] Insert the processor into the socket, ensuring it is aligned with the socket pins, and press down gently to ensure it is firmly inserted.

[0289] Apply an appropriate amount of thermal paste to the processor.

[0290] Install and secure the radiator according to its type.

[0291] (4) Install memory:

[0292] Determine the memory installation location based on the motherboard type and memory slots.

[0293] Insert the memory into the slot, ensuring it aligns with the slot's gold fingers, and apply even pressure to firmly insert it.

[0294] (5) Install storage devices:

[0295] Based on the chassis type and storage device type, find the appropriate installation location for the hard drive or solid-state drive.

[0296] Use screws to secure the storage device inside the chassis.

[0297] (6) Connect the power supply and data cable:

[0298] Align the power connector with the power slot on the motherboard and insert it to supply power.

[0299] Connect the SATA data cable or other data cable to the corresponding interface on the storage device and motherboard as needed.

[0300] (7) Install the graphics card and other expansion cards:

[0301] Insert the graphics card or other expansion card into the PCI-E slot and secure it with screws.

[0302] (8) Connect the front panel and other interfaces:

[0303] Connect the power button, reset button, USB port, and other cables on the front panel of the computer case to the corresponding pins on the motherboard.

[0304] (9) Organize cables:

[0305] Organize all cables so that they do not obstruct the operation of fans or other components and maintain airflow.

[0306] (10) Check connections and component installation:

[0307] Make sure all components are properly inserted and secured, with no loose screws or cables.

[0308] (11) Shut down the chassis:

[0309] Replace the chassis cover and secure it with screws.

[0310] (12) Connect external devices such as monitor, keyboard, and mouse:

[0311] Connect external devices such as monitors, keyboards, and mice to the computer through the corresponding interfaces.

[0312] (13) Power-on test:

[0313] Connect the power cord and turn on the power switch.

[0314] Check if the computer can start normally and monitor the system's power-on self-test process.

[0315] Compared to existing motherboards, the computer assembly virtual motherboard uses a dedicated MCU for monitoring, enabling it to monitor the assembly status of various major components on the motherboard. A diagram of the computer assembly virtual motherboard structure is shown below. Figure 42 As shown.

[0316] like Figure 42 As shown, the first dual-layer USB interface 1 and the second dual-layer USB interface 4 are dual-layer USB interfaces, which have the same function as the USB interface on a real computer motherboard. When a USB device is plugged in, it can be detected that a USB device has been inserted.

[0317] DB9 Serial Port 2 is a DB9 serial port. This interface has the same appearance and function as the DB9 interface on a real computer motherboard. In practical applications, this interface serves as a data communication interface to realize data communication between the virtual motherboard and the testing equipment.

[0318] VGA interface 3 is a VGA interface. This interface has the same function as the VGA interface on a real computer motherboard. When a VGA monitor is plugged in, the virtual motherboard will detect the relevant information and display the corresponding content on the monitor.

[0319] Ethernet interface 5 is an Ethernet interface. This interface has the same function as the actual motherboard. At the same time, this interface can also support TCP / IP communication and HTTP and MQTT protocols. Through the Ethernet interface, the motherboard assembly information can be sent to the cloud platform for display.

[0320] Audio interface 6 is an audio interface. Its appearance is consistent with the motherboard's audio interface. It can be used to plug in headphones, microphones, and external audio input devices. When these devices are plugged in, they can be detected to indicate that the corresponding device is connected.

[0321] The computer case front panel audio interface 7 is the computer case front panel audio interface.

[0322] Computer LPC Interface 8 is a computer LPC interface, mainly used for program-related function diagnosis.

[0323] The buzzer interface 9 on the front panel of the computer case is the buzzer interface on the front panel of the computer case.

[0324] The computer motherboard expansion fan connector 10 is a computer motherboard expansion fan connector.

[0325] The computer front panel expands the USB port 11 to provide a USB port for the computer front panel.

[0326] The computer front panel power button, reset button, front panel indicator light, and front panel hard drive indicator light interface 12 are interfaces for the computer front panel power button, reset button, front panel indicator light, and front panel hard drive indicator light.

[0327] The first SATA interface 13, the second SATA interface 14, the third SATA interface 16, and the fourth SATA interface 17 are the four SATA interfaces on the motherboard, which can be used to connect hard drive devices.

[0328] 15 is a reserved expansion USB port.

[0329] The first ATX power connector 18 and the second ATX power connector 20 are ATX power connectors.

[0330] CPU fan connector 19 is the CPU fan connector.

[0331] CPU socket 21 is a CPU socket that can install LGA1150 pin CPUs.

[0332] The first memory slot 22 and the second memory slot 23 are memory slots, which can accommodate two DDR3 memory modules.

[0333] The NGFF solid-state drive interface 24 is an NGFF solid-state drive interface, which can connect to M.2242 or M.2280 solid-state drives.

[0334] The graphics card interface 25 is a graphics card interface that can be connected to standard graphics cards of various models.

[0335] PCI-1X interface 26 is a PCI-1X interface that can connect PCI devices.

[0336] Embedded microprocessor 27 is an embedded microprocessor that occupies the position of the northbridge and southbridge of the real motherboard. This embedded microprocessor is mainly used to manage all the functions of the above-mentioned interfaces, monitoring of various simulation devices, communication between devices, program management, etc. It is the core control unit of computer assembly teaching equipment.

[0337] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A computer assembly teaching device, connected to computer assembly equipment; characterized in that, It includes a microcontroller, and power control and detection circuits, base detection circuit, memory module detection circuit, hard disk detection circuit, fan detection circuit, PCIEX detection circuit, Ethernet communication circuit, USB detection circuit, front panel output signal control circuit, detection result output circuit, clock circuit, reset circuit, EEPROM storage circuit, FLASH storage circuit, RTC clock circuit, indicator light, and filter circuit connected to the microcontroller. The power control and detection circuit includes a power control circuit and a power detection circuit; the power control circuit is connected to the CK_PWR_MAIN interface of the microcontroller; the power detection circuit is connected to the CTL_PWR interface of the microcontroller. The base detection circuit is connected to the CK_CPU interface of the microcontroller; The memory module detection circuit is connected to the CK_DDR interface of the microcontroller; The hard disk detection circuit is connected to the SATARXN interface of the microcontroller; The fan detection circuit is connected to the FUN_OK interface and FUN_SPEED interface of the microcontroller; The PCIEX detection circuit is connected to the CK_PCIE interface of the microcontroller; The Ethernet communication circuit is connected to the U3_RX interface, U3_TX interface, ETH_STATE interface, and ETH_RST interface of the microcontroller; The USB detection circuit is connected to the USB interface of the microcontroller; The front panel output signal control circuit is connected to the PW_ON interface, RESET interface, and PWR_LED interface of the microcontroller. The detection result output circuit is connected to the MCU_TP interface of the microcontroller. The detection result output circuit includes a capacitor C63, a resistor R88, a transistor Q18, a resistor R77, and a resistor R162. One end of the capacitor C63 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the MCU_TP1 interface of the microcontroller. One end of the resistor R88 is connected between the capacitor C63 and the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the capacitor C63 and the MCU_TP1 interface of the microcontroller. The gate of the transistor Q18 is connected to the resistor R88, the capacitor C63, and the MCU_TP1 interface of the microcontroller; the source of the transistor Q18 is connected to the resistor R88, the capacitor C63, and the VDD interface of the microcontroller; and the drain of the transistor Q18 is connected to the resistor R77. One end of the resistor R162 is connected to the resistor R77, and the other end is connected to ground. A detection voltage signal is output between the resistors R162 and R77. The clock circuit is connected to the XTHI and XTHO interfaces of the microcontroller; The reset circuit is connected to the RSTB interface of the microcontroller; The EEPROM storage circuit is connected to the SCL interface of the microcontroller; The FLASH storage circuit is connected to the FLASH_MOSI interface, FLASH_MISO interface, FLASH_SCK interface, and FLASH_CS interface of the microcontroller. The RTC clock circuit is connected to the RTC_SCLK interface, RTC_DAT interface, and RTC_CE interface of the microcontroller; The indicator light is connected to the LED_PD12 interface of the microcontroller; One end of the filter circuit is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to ground.

2. The computer assembly teaching equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power control circuit includes a power control interface, resistors R18, R20, and R16, and transistor Q1. One end of the resistor R18 is connected to the PW-OK interface of the power control interface, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q1. The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to ground, and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to resistor R16 and the CK_PWR_MAIN interface of the microcontroller. One end of the resistor R16 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1, and the other end is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller. One end of the resistor R20 is connected between the resistor R18 and the source of the transistor Q1, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q1 and ground. The power detection circuit includes resistors R19, R17, and R21, and transistor Q2; One end of the resistor R19 is connected to the CTL_PWR interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q2. The emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to ground, and the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to resistor R17. One end of the resistor R21 is connected between the resistor R19 and the source of the transistor Q2, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q2 and ground. One end of the resistor R17 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2. The PS-ON interface of the power control interface is connected between the resistor R17 and the collector of the transistor Q2.

3. The computer assembly teaching equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base detection circuit includes a reflective infrared phototube U11, resistor R8, resistor R7, and resistor R9. The first and fourth terminals of the reflective infrared phototube U11 are connected to ground. The second terminal of the reflective infrared phototube U11 is connected to resistor R8, which is connected to a 5V power supply. The third terminal of the reflective infrared phototube U11 is connected to resistor R9. One end of the resistor R7 is connected between the resistor R9 and the third end of the reflective infrared phototube U11, and the other end is connected to the CK_CPU interface of the microcontroller. The end of resistor R9 that is not connected to the third terminal of reflective infrared phototube U11 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller.

4. The computer assembly teaching equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The memory module detection circuit includes an H78 socket and a resistor R138. One end of the resistor R138 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the CK_DDR interface of the H78 socket and the CK_DDR interface of the microcontroller.

5. A computer assembly teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hard drive detection circuit includes the hard drive interface and resistor R46; The TX+ interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATATXP interface of the microcontroller, the TX- interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATATXN interface of the microcontroller, the RX+ interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATARXP interface of the microcontroller, and the RX- interface of the hard drive interface is connected to the SATARXN interface of the microcontroller. One end of the resistor R46 is connected between the TX- interface of the hard drive interface and the SATATXN interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to ground.

6. A computer assembly teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fan detection circuit includes a fan interface P7, resistors R41, R91, R36, R93, and R101, diode D7, and transistor Q3. One end of the resistor R41 is connected to the FUN_SPEED interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q3. One end of the resistor R93 is connected between the resistor R41 and the source of the transistor Q3, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q3 and ground. One end of the resistor R36 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the PWM interface of the fan interface P7. One end of the resistor R91 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the FB interface of the fan interface P7. The collector of transistor Q3 is connected between resistor R36 and the PWM interface of fan interface P7. One end of the resistor R101 is connected between the resistor R91 and the FB interface of the fan interface P7, and the other end is connected to the grounded diode D7. The FUN_OK interface of the microcontroller is connected between the resistor R101 and the diode D7.

7. A computer assembly teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PCIEX detection circuit includes a PCIE-16X interface H9, a PCIE-1X interface H10, resistors R86, R94, R56, and R59. The A25 pin of the PCIE-16X interface H9 is connected to the VGA_ADC7 interface of the microcontroller, and the B72 pin of the PCIE-16X interface H9 is connected to the resistor R94. The resistor R94 is connected to the CK_PCIEX16 interface of the microcontroller; One end of the resistor R86 is connected between the resistor R94 and the CK_PCIEX16 interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller. The B18 pin of the PCIE-1X interface H10 is connected to the resistor R59; One end of resistor R56 is connected to resistor R59, and the other end is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller. The microcontroller's CK_PCIE interface is connected between resistor R59 and resistor R56.

8. A computer assembly teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Ethernet communication circuit includes an Ethernet controller and an Ethernet interface circuit. The Ethernet interface circuit includes connector J5, resistor R12, capacitor C41, resistor R14, and resistor R15. One end of the resistor R12 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the capacitor C41; One end of the resistor R14 is connected to the LEDR interface of the Ethernet controller, and the other end is connected to the tenth end of the connector J5. One end of the resistor R15 is connected to the LEDT interface of the Ethernet controller, and the other end is connected to the eleventh end of the connector J5; The first end of connector J5 is connected to the ET+ interface of the Ethernet controller; the second end of connector J5 is connected to the ET- interface of the Ethernet controller; the third end of connector J5 is connected to the ER+ interface of the Ethernet controller; the sixth end of connector J5 is connected to the ER- interface of the Ethernet controller; the eighth, thirteenth, and fourteenth ends of connector J5 are connected to the ground terminal; and the ninth and twelfth ends of connector J5 are connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller. The fourth end of the connector J5 is connected between the resistor R12 and the capacitor C41; The fifth end of the connector J5 is connected between the fourth end of the connector J5 and the capacitor C41. The RXD interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the U3_RX interface of the microcontroller; the TXD interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the U3_TX interface of the microcontroller. The STATE interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the ETH_STATE interface of the microcontroller; The RSTN interface of the Ethernet controller is connected to the ETH_RST interface of the microcontroller.

9. A computer assembly teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The USB detection circuit includes a USB controller, a fuse F6, a capacitor C65, a capacitor C66, a resistor R61, a resistor R62, a resistor R63, and a resistor R64. One end of the capacitor C65 is connected to the first terminal of the USB controller, and the other end is connected between the ground terminal and the fourth terminal of the USB controller. One end of the capacitor C66 is connected to the fifth terminal of the USB controller, and the other end is connected between the ground terminal and the eighth terminal of the USB controller. One end of the fuse F6 is connected to the USB interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the first and fifth terminals of the USB controller. Resistor R61 is connected between the second USB terminal and ground; resistor R62 is connected between the third USB terminal and ground; resistor R63 is connected between the seventh USB terminal and ground; resistor R64 is connected between the sixth USB terminal and ground.

10. A computer assembly teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front panel output signal control circuit includes a buzzer circuit, a front panel indicator light circuit, and a power on / off button interface circuit. The buzzer circuit includes transistor Q16, resistor R131, buzzer LS1, and resistor R129; The SPK+ interface of the buzzer LS1 is connected to the resistor R129; the end of the resistor R129 not connected to the buzzer LS1 is connected to a 12V power supply. The collector of transistor Q16 is connected to the SPK- interface of buzzer LS1, the emitter of transistor Q16 is connected to ground, and the source of transistor Q16 is connected to the CTL_SPEAKER interface of microcontroller. One end of the resistor R131 is connected between the source of the transistor Q16 and the CTL_SPEAKER interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q16 and ground. The indicator circuit includes resistor R121, indicator LED2, transistor Q12, and resistor R126; The emitter of transistor Q12 is connected to ground, the source of transistor Q12 is connected to resistor R126, and the collector of transistor Q12 is connected to indicator LED2. One end of the resistor R121 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected to the indicator LED2; The HD_LED interface of the microcontroller is connected between the indicator LED2 and the collector of the transistor Q12; The power button interface circuit includes connector P5, resistors R125, R123, R127, R128, indicator LED3, and transistor Q15. One end of the resistor R125 is connected to the VDD interface of the microcontroller, and the other end is connected between the third end of the connector P5 and the PW_ON interface of the microcontroller. One end of the resistor R128 is connected to the seventh terminal of the connector P5, and the other end is connected to the ground terminal. One end of the resistor R127 is connected between the resistor R128 and the seventh terminal of the connector P5, and the other end is connected to the source of the transistor Q15. One end of the resistor R123 is connected to a 12V power supply, and the other end is connected to the collector of the transistor Q15. The emitter of the transistor Q15 is connected to ground; One end of the indicator LED3 is connected between the seventh end of the connector P5 and the resistor R127, and the other end is connected between the ninth end of the connector P5, the resistor R123, and the 12V power supply. The fourth end of connector P5 is connected to the RESET interface of the microcontroller, and the third end of connector P5 is connected to the PW_ON interface of the microcontroller. The PWR_LED interface of the microcontroller is connected between the collector of the transistor Q15 and the resistor R123.

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