A method for improving beef quality by feeding beef cattle

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of beef cattle breeding, and specifically discloses a beef cattle fattening method for improving beef quality. The fattening method comprises feeding calves, growing cattle, pre-fattening cattle, post-fattening cattle and beef cattle in sequence; wherein the 2.5-3-month-old and healthy beef cattle in the calf period are fed at the age of 4-6 months; when feeding, 0.5-1% of the Bacopa monnieri by weight is added to 1000g of the calf period concentrate feed; the growing cattle which have been fed in the calf period are fed at the age of 7-9 months; when feeding, 2-4% of the bacterial agent by weight is added to 1000g of the growing period concentrate feed; the bacterial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.18473 and Lactobacillus plantarum with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.11262. The fattening method can effectively improve the beef quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of beef cattle breeding, and more particularly to a beef fattening method for improving beef quality. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the improvement of living standards, people pay more attention to the improvement of dietary quality and structure, and the demand for beef quality is also increasing, especially the demand for high-quality beef is increasing day by day. However, high-quality beef is always in short supply and is very valuable. Therefore, how to provide people with high-quality, delicious, safe and nutritious beef is the future development direction of beef cattle breeding industry.

[0003] Snowflake beef refers to beef with obvious red and white interlaced patterns, which is similar to marble patterns, also known as marble beef. Snowflake beef is rich in nutrients, soft in texture, tender and juicy, with a strong beef flavor, rich in protein, and the amino acid composition is closer to human needs than pork, which can improve the body's resistance to disease, and is particularly suitable for people after surgery or illness to supplement blood loss and repair tissues.

[0004] At present, the price of snowflake beef is 10-30 times that of ordinary beef, the main reason is that the production of snowflake beef requires high-quality beef and supporting feeding and management technology. In recent years, research teams have successively studied the production of foreign snowflake beef, including Japanese and beef, Angus and Simmental.

[0005] In recent years, the dairy industry has faced the dilemma of over-supply and weakened consumption, and many ranches have relied on the elimination of dairy cows to generate cash flow, prompting the speed of eliminating dairy cows to accelerate, which has caused the price of beef products to fall temporarily. According to statistics, the price of live cattle has been declining since February 2023, and the decline is much more serious than the same period in 2021 and 2022. Among them, the price of ordinary beef cattle has the most obvious downward trend, while the price of high-end beef cattle has not decreased significantly. The consumption demand for high-end beef such as snowflake beef has stabilized and increased, and the price has not been affected by the fluctuations in the dairy industry.

[0006] At present, an important factor restricting the efficiency of beef cattle breeding is the unreasonable structure of feed, how to improve the structure of feed and improve the quality of beef has become a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0007] In order to improve the quality of beef, the present application provides a beef fattening method for improving beef quality.

[0008] The beef obtained by the fattening method of the present application can effectively improve the quality of beef.

[0009] The present application provides a beef fattening method for improving beef quality, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0010] A beef fattening method for improving beef quality, the fattening method comprises feeding calves, growing period, pre-fattening period and post-fattening period and cattle in turn.

[0011] Among them, the 2.5-3 month old and cattle with good development and health are selected for feeding in 4-6 months during the calf period; when feeding, 0.5-1% of the first wu by weight is added to every 1000g of fine feed during the calf period.

[0012] The growing period selects the and cattle fed in the calf period to be fed in 7-9 months; when feeding, 2-4% of the weight ratio of the bacterial agent is added to every 1000g of fine feed during the growing period; the bacterial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis with preservation number CGMCC NO.18473 and Lactobacillus plantarum with preservation number CGMCC NO.11262.

[0013] The cultivation of snowflake beef cattle is generally divided into calf period, growing period, pre-fattening period and post-fattening period. Among them, the calf period and the growing period are important periods that affect the density of marbling and the quality of beef. This period is the strongest period of growth and development of small calves. Not only the body weight of small calves increases gradually, but also the digestive organs develop rapidly. Therefore, the fine feed of small calves in this period is extremely important. In the present application, the fine feed of small calves in the calf period (4-6 months) and the growing period (7-9 months) is adjusted.

[0014] The immune system of the calf period is not perfect, and its gastrointestinal resistance to bacteria, viruses and other pathogens is relatively weak. After weaning, it is easy to appear weaning stress, which can cause slow growth and development, diarrhea and even death, affecting the health of the calf and the quality of its beef. Therefore, the growth and development of the calf period is particularly important for the formation of snowflake beef.

[0015] In the present application, the first wu is added to the fine feed during the calf period. At the same time, the bacterial agent is also added to the fine feed during the growing period. The bacterial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis with preservation number CGMCC NO.18473 and Lactobacillus plantarum with preservation number CGMCC NO.11262.

[0016] Radix Polygoni Multiflori, scientific name Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, is a plant of Polygonaceae. The tuberous root of Radix Polygoni Multiflori is thick and long oval, black brown. It grows in mountain valley shrubs, mountain slope forest, ditch edge stone gap. It is produced in south of Shaanxi, south of Gansu, East China, Central China, South China, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. The tuberous root is used as medicine, which can calm the nerves, nourish the blood, activate the collaterals, detoxify (cut malaria), and resolve abscesses; the prepared Radix Polygoni Multiflori can tonify the essence and blood, blacken the hair and beard, strengthen the tendons and bones, and tonify the liver and kidney, which is a common fine Chinese herbal medicine. The main chemical components include stilbene glycosides, anthraquinones and polymeric proanthocyanidins, in addition to lecithin and various trace elements. The effects and functions of Radix Polygoni Multiflori mainly include the following: (1) treating the symptoms of continuous sweating; (2) having a certain remission effect on patients with enterorrhagia; (3) treating abscesses and toxic swellings; (4) enhancing the immune function of the body and improving the phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages; (5) promoting hematopoietic function and significantly increasing bone marrow red blood cell values; (6) having the effect of protecting the liver and appropriately improving the protective effect on the liver; (7) moistening the intestines and relieving constipation.

[0017] It is found through experiments that by simultaneously adjusting the composition of concentrate feed in the calf period and the growing period, adding Radix Polygoni Multiflori to the concentrate feed in the calf period, and adding a microbial agent composed of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum to the concentrate feed in the growing period, the fattened heifers have high beef quality. At the same time, the growth rate and feed utilization rate of the heifers are improved.

[0018] Heifer is the best quality beef cattle recognized in the world today, and its meat has obvious marbling, also known as "snowflake meat". Because of its low content of saturated fatty acids and high content of unsaturated fatty acids, it has a unique flavor and therefore has very high beef value.

[0019] In the present application, the heifer is "He × He" F1. "He × He" F1 is the F1 generation produced by crossing purebred heifers (father) with Holstein cows (mother). The birth weight and daily weight gain of "He × He" F1 are significantly better than those of purebred heifers, and the crossbreeding advantage is obvious. The meat quality of "He × He" F1 is not as good as that of purebred heifers, but the number of purebred heifers is small and cannot meet the demand for heifer beef supply. Through fattening management technology, the comprehensive index of meat quality of "He × He" F1 can be significantly improved. Especially under the current crisis of excess raw milk, the production of "He × He" F1 makes full use of excess Holstein cows in pastures to produce high-end beef, which is of great significance to improving the efficiency of pastures and promoting the development of high-end beef cattle breeding in China.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the added Radix Polygoni Multiflori is 0.5%, 0.65%, 0.75%, 0.85%, 1% per 1000g of concentrate feed in the calf period.

[0021] In some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of the added Shouwu in the calf period concentrate is 0.5-0.65%, 0.5-0.75%, 0.5-0.85%, 0.65-0.75%, 0.65-0.85%, 0.65-1%, 0.75-0.85%, 0.75-1%, 0.85-1% per 1000g.

[0022] In one specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the added bacteria agent in the growing period concentrate is 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4% per 1000g.

[0023] In some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of the added bacteria agent in the growing period concentrate is 2-2.5%, 2-3%, 2-3.5%, 2.5-3%, 2.5-3.5%, 2.5-4%, 3-3.5%, 3-4%, 3.5-4% per 1000g.

[0024] Preferably, in the bacteria agent, the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis is 6-10 parts, and the weight ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum is 12-16 parts.

[0025] In one specific embodiment, in the bacteria agent, the added amount of Bacillus subtilis is 6 parts, 6.5 parts, 8 parts, 9.5 parts, 10 parts.

[0026] In some specific embodiments, in the bacteria agent, the added amount of Bacillus subtilis is 6-6.5 parts, 6-8 parts, 6-9.5 parts, 6.5-8 parts, 6.5-9.5 parts, 6.5-10 parts, 8-9.5 parts, 8-10%, 9.5-10%.

[0027] In one specific embodiment, in the bacteria agent, the added amount of Lactobacillus plantarum is 10 parts, 11 parts, 13 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts,

[0028] In some specific embodiments, in the bacteria agent, the added amount of Lactobacillus plantarum is 10-11 parts, 10-13 parts, 10-15 parts, 11-13 parts, 11-15 parts, 11-16 parts, 13-15 parts, 13-16 parts, 15-16 parts.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, in the additive, the added ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum is (6.5-9.5):(11-15).

[0030] In one specific embodiment, in the additive, the added ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum is 8:13.

[0031] Preferably, the pre-fattening period is selected to feed the cattle fed during the growing period at the age of 10-20 months; when feeding, 0.7-1.2% of the additive by weight is added to 1000g of the pre-fattening period concentrate feed; the additive is a mixture of radix codonopsis and rhizoma atractylodis.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the additive is added in the pre-fattening period concentrate feed at a weight ratio of 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.95%, 1.1%, or 1.2% per 1000g.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the additive is added in the pre-fattening period concentrate feed at a weight ratio of 0.7-0.8%, 0.7-0.95%, 0.7-1.1%, 0.8-0.95%, 0.8-1.1%, 0.8-1.2%, 0.95-1.1%, 0.95-1.2%, or 1.1-1.2% per 1000g.

[0034] Preferably, in the additive, radix codonopsis is 35-45 parts by weight, and rhizoma atractylodis is 5-10 parts by weight.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, in the additive, the amount of radix codonopsis is 35 parts, 37 parts, 40 parts, 43 parts, 45 parts,

[0036] In some specific embodiments, in the additive, the amount of radix codonopsis is 35-37 parts, 35-40 parts, 35-43 parts, 37-40 parts, 37-43 parts, 37-45 parts, 40-43 parts, 40-45 parts, or 43-45 parts.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, in the additive, the amount of rhizoma atractylodis is 5 parts, 6 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, or 10 parts,

[0038] In some specific embodiments, in the additive, the amount of rhizoma atractylodis is 5-6 parts, 5-8 parts, 5-9 parts, 6-8 parts, 6-9 parts, 6-10 parts, 8-9 parts, 8-10 parts, or 9-10 parts.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, in the additive, the addition ratio of radix codonopsis to rhizoma atractylodis is (37-43):(6-9).

[0040] In a specific embodiment, in the additive, the addition ratio of radix codonopsis to rhizoma atractylodis is 40:8, i.e. 5:1.

[0041] Atractylodes, Asteraceae, belong to perennial herb. Atractylodes rhizome lying or oblique, long or usually nodular, a number of equal thick equal length or near equal length of adventitious roots, stem erect, single or a few stems into clusters, lower or middle below often purple, all branches of stem are sparse spider silk-like hair or no hair. Atractylodes efficacy is dry dampness and invigorates the spleen, dispels wind and cold, eyesight. In clinical, atractylodes can be used to treat various diseases caused by dampness, such as bloating, diarrhea, edema, also caused by foot and rheumatoid arthritis, limbs spasm, pain, can be used to treat cold, for eyes dry, also night vision decreased obviously have certain therapeutic effect.

[0042] Codonopsis, alias: Huangshen, Campanulaceae Codonopsis perennial herb, is a kind of sweet nature of traditional Chinese medicine, belongs to lung and spleen, can fill lung qi, spleen qi, Shengjin Zhike, nourishing blood. Can be combined with rehmannia, white atractylodes, Schisandra chinensis and other compatibility, for the treatment of spleen and lung qi deficiency, blood deficiency, qi and fluid deficiency. Codonopsis can be used to decoct, also can be used to make ointment, also can be used to make pill. In addition to cure disease, also can be made into medicinal diet with red dates, yam, pig kidney, etc., can also be directly soaked in water.

[0043] The application further adjusts the composition of the pre-fattening period concentrate on the basis of simultaneously adjusting the composition of the calf period concentrate and the composition of the growing period concentrate, and adds an additive composed of Codonopsis and Atractylodes in the composition of the pre-fattening period concentrate. The adjusted fattening method can further improve the beef quality of the heifer and the growth rate of the heifer.

[0044] Preferably, the composition of the calf period concentrate comprises, by weight, 260-295 parts of corn, 210-235 parts of soybean meal, 17-24 parts of cottonseed meal, 125-135 parts of corn germ meal, 120-135 parts of wheat bran, 65-75 parts of wheat flour, 95-105 parts of DDGS, 1.6-2.2 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 15-18 parts of stone powder, 7.5-8.5 parts of salt, 8-13 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 2.7-3.5 parts of magnesium oxide, 0.4-0.6 parts of antioxidant, 0.25-0.35 parts of flavoring agent, 0.16-0.23 parts of sweetener, 10-13 parts of calf period premix, and 0.4-0.6 parts of acidifying agent.

[0045] Preferably, the composition of the growing period concentrate comprises, by weight, 75-85 parts of corn, 7-9 parts of sugarcane molasses, 80-90 parts of cottonseed meal, 85-95 parts of sesame meal, 230-255 parts of corn germ meal, 8-10 parts of urea, 28-35 parts of wheat bran, 28-35 parts of wheat flour, 348 parts of corn cob, 17-25 parts of rice bran, 20-25 parts of stone powder, 9-12 parts of bentonite, 7-9 parts of salt, and 10-15 parts of growing period premix.

[0046] Preferably, the composition of the pre-fattening period concentrate feed is: corn 200-230 parts by weight; sugar cane molasses 17-23 parts by weight; rumen bypass fat powder 35-45 parts by weight; soybean meal 130-150 parts by weight; corn germ meal 290-330 parts by weight; wheat bran 160-190 parts by weight; calcium bicarbonate 5-7 parts by weight; stone powder 27-35 parts by weight; salt 17-23 parts by weight; sodium bicarbonate 17-23 parts by weight; and fattening period premix 3 16-25 parts by weight.

[0047] Preferably, the post-fattening period is 21-26 months old; the composition of the post-fattening period concentrate feed is: corn 200-230 parts by weight; sugar cane molasses 17-23 parts by weight; rumen bypass fat powder 35-45 parts by weight; soybean meal 130-150 parts by weight; corn germ meal 290-330 parts by weight; wheat bran 160-190 parts by weight; calcium bicarbonate 5-7 parts by weight; stone powder 27-35 parts by weight; salt 17-23 parts by weight; sodium bicarbonate 17-23 parts by weight; and fattening period premix 16-25 parts by weight.

[0048] Corn is a very common whole grain food in life, and its nutritional ingredients are very comprehensive. The main components of corn generally contain 8.5% protein, 4.3% fat, 73.2% carbohydrates, 0.022% calcium, 0.21% phosphorus, and 0.0016% iron, and also contain carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, and phytosterol, lecithin, vitamin E, lysine, etc. Corn, as a feed, mainly provides energy and is the king of energy feed. Due to its large quantity, high energy, good adaptability and low price, it is an indispensable feed for livestock and poultry animals. Corn can be used in large quantities in the mixed concentrate of cattle, but in order to prevent overeating and distension, it is best to be used with other bulky bran feed.

[0049] Sugar cane molasses is a thick liquid left over after sugar is made from pressed sugar cane juice through processes such as heating, neutralization, precipitation, filtration, concentration, and crystallization, commonly known as sugar syrup, which belongs to liquid energy feed. Sugar cane molasses is a high-quality feed raw material with unique characteristics, and contains protein, organic acids, natural minerals, and various vitamins and other nutrients, which can be quickly digested and absorbed by animals, and promote the nutritional metabolism of animals. The sugar content of sugar cane molasses is generally 48%, although its energy is lower than that of corn, but compared with corn, the use of sugar cane molasses in feed formulations can effectively improve the palatability of animal concentrate feed, increase the feed intake of animals, especially the intake of dry feed or roughage with poor palatability. Sugar cane molasses can be used as a binder for pellet feed, which can significantly reduce dust. Sugar cane molasses can also improve the water retention rate of feed products and reduce feed costs. However, due to the high potassium content of sugar cane molasses, it needs to be carefully controlled in the addition of weight ratio in the feed of piglets, chicks, and calves, etc.

[0050] Rumen protected fat is a kind of fat which is protected by physical or chemical methods, so that it will not be hydrolyzed in rumen, and will not affect the normal fermentation of rumen, but will be digested, absorbed and utilized in the true stomach and small intestine. The most commonly used rumen protected fat is saponified fat, vegetable fat powder and hydrogenated fat (hard fat). Rumen protected fat powder contains high energy value, which can make up for the lack of energy in ruminant feed, increase the daily weight gain of ruminants, and increase the feed conversion rate. At the same time, adding an appropriate amount of rumen protected fat powder in ruminant feed can not only increase milk yield, but also effectively improve milk quality.

[0051] Soybean meal, also known as "soybean meal", is a by-product obtained after extracting soybean oil from soybeans. Soybean meal is easily absorbed and utilized because it is fermented and hydrolyzed by probiotics to produce a large amount of active peptides with unique physiological activity functions. Small peptides with a molecular weight of less than 5000 are the main components of soybean meal, which are easily digested, quickly absorbed, and have low antigenicity. They can effectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract, regulate the structure of the body's microecological group, and increase the decomposition, absorption and utilization of nutrients in the entire digestive tract. A large number of high-efficiency probiotics in soybean meal can inhibit the growth of E. coli in the animal body, maintain the microecological environment in the intestinal tract in a balanced and stable state, and prevent intestinal diseases. Improve feed utilization, in addition, soybean meal is rich in various microbial enzymes such as protease, amylase, lipase, etc., which can make up for the lack of endogenous enzymes in the body, strengthen the digestion of nutrients, and improve the utilization rate of feed protein and energy by animals. Soybean meal is also rich in various nutrients such as lactic acid bacteria, vitamins, amino acids, unknown growth-promoting factors, etc., has a unique fermentation aroma, good palatability, and increases the intake of animals. Lactic acid can also regulate the pH value of the intestinal tract, save the cost of acidifying agent in feed, participate in the metabolism of the body, and promote growth.

[0052] Cottonseed meal can be used to supplement protein, lysine, calcium, phosphorus, carotene, etc. in feed. It can also increase the milk fat rate of dairy cows in their feed. Corn germ meal contains 18-20% crude protein, 1-2% crude fat, and 11-12% crude fiber. Its amino acid composition is similar to that of corn protein feed (or corn gluten feed). According to the international feed classification, most corn germ meal belongs to medium-grade energy feed. In terms of protein quality, the protein quality of corn germ meal is higher than that of energy feed, but the content of various limiting amino acids is lower than that of corn gluten meal and cottonseed cake meal. Sesame meal is a good protein feed with good adaptability. The crude protein content is 33-48%, and the main feature of its amino acid composition is that the methionine content (more than 0.8%) is high, ranking first among cake feed; the lysine content (0.93%) is insufficient, while the arginine content (3.97%) is very high, the ratio of lysine to arginine is 100:420, and the tryptophan content is also very high. In addition, the content of carotene, vitamin D, and vitamin E in sesame meal is low, and the content of riboflavin is high. The content of calcium and phosphorus is high, but due to the high content of phytic acid, the absorption of calcium, phosphorus, zinc, etc. is inhibited.

[0053] Urea is a feed additive. After special processing, urea can slowly release protein and prevent the poisoning phenomenon of ammonia gas produced during feeding of ruminants, making feeding safer and healthier. From the process of digestion and utilization, rumen microorganisms can convert non-protein nitrogen into microbial protein, which enriches the number and variety of amino acids absorbed by the animal, improving the protein nutrition of the animal. In fact, non-protein nitrogen plays a nutritional role as protein, so using urea as a substitute for protein feed for ruminants such as cattle is an important way to solve the current shortage of protein feed in China. It is also an important raw material to reduce feed costs.

[0054] Wheat contains rich nutrients, among which the crude fiber content is equivalent to that of corn, and the crude fat content is lower than that of corn;

[0055] The average crude protein content is about 13%, but the content of essential amino acids is relatively low, especially lysine; calcium is less and phosphorus is more, and most of the phosphorus is phytic acid phosphorus (about 70%); the content of trace elements iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium is very low; vitamins B and vitamin E are abundant, while vitamins A, D, and K are extremely low; the content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) is relatively high, which can reach more than 6% of the dry weight of wheat. Wheat is a good energy source for ruminants, but its use should not exceed 50% to prevent rumen acidosis. Whole grain wheat may cause indigestion, and too fine grinding may form a paste in the oral cavity, affecting palatability, so coarse grinding or tabletting should be used, such as wheat flour. Wheat is digested quickly in the rumen of ruminants, and its nutritional components are difficult to reach the small intestine directly.

[0056] Wheat bran is the main feed raw material in China, its production is more than 300 million tons, as a common fiber feed, wheat bran has high fiber content, and also contains protein, fat, starch, vitamins and minerals and other nutrients. Wheat middlings is the by-product of wheat processing, which is mainly composed of the paste powder layer, a small amount of endosperm and part of fine bran separated from the refined flour. During the process of wheat refining, 23-25% of wheat bran, 3-5% of wheat middlings and 0.7-1% of wheat germ can be obtained. The crude protein content of wheat middlings is slightly lower than that of wheat bran (about 14%), and it also contains a certain amount of flour, the crude fiber content is less than 3%, and the ash content is less than 3%, which are much lower than those of wheat bran, and the effective energy value is higher than that of wheat bran. Therefore, wheat middlings can replace part of corn as energy feed, but the addition amount in the finishing feed of livestock should not exceed 15%, otherwise it is easy to cause the phenomenon of sticking mouth. At the same time, wheat middlings is a good granule binder, which can be used for the preparation of granular feed.

[0057] DDGS is named as distillers dried grains with solubles, which contains soluble solids. In the process of fermentation for producing ethanol with corn as raw material, the starch in corn is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, and other nutrients (such as fiber, fat, protein, etc.) are left in the distiller's grains. Due to the action of microorganisms, the content of protein, amino acid and B vitamins in distiller's grains is higher than that of corn, and it also contains unknown growth-promoting factors generated during fermentation. DDGS can be used as the main protein source for young cattle, and mixing with urea with high degradation rate is more beneficial to growth. DDGS is rich in fat and cellulose, which can increase the daily weight gain of beef cattle after use, and also can reduce the incidence of fatty liver.

[0058] Spraying corn bran is corn bran sprayed with corn soaking solution, so it is called spraying corn bran, which has a part of hydrolyzed monosaccharides and higher utilization rate than corn bran. Spraying corn bran, also known as corn bran or corn protein feed, is a by-product after the production of starch and germ from wet corn, and the protein and energy in corn syrup are sprayed on it to greatly increase the content of protein, energy and amino acids. In addition to calcium and phosphorus, spraying corn bran also contains rich mineral elements, has high absorption rate, high energy, excellent palatability, rich nutritional components, and has the nutritional characteristics of various coarse grains, rich in various amino acids, and can partially replace corn and protein raw materials, which is an ideal feed for feeding various large livestock.

[0059] Rice bran is a mixture of chaff, aleurone layer and embryo separated from brown rice during the process of making white rice. Its nutritional value varies with the degree of white rice processing. The higher the precision of white rice processing, the higher the feeding value of rice bran. High-quality rice bran contains 10-13% crude protein, 13% crude fiber, 0.1% calcium and 1.3% phosphorus. The content of phosphorus is high, but most of it is phytic acid phosphorus. The content of vitamin E and B group is rich. Other minerals are mainly manganese, potassium, magnesium and selenium. The energy and digestibility of rice bran are lower than those of cereal feed, but the volume is large, which is beneficial to meet the satiety of livestock and poultry. The protein, minerals and vitamins are better than grains, which is a high-quality feed for livestock and poultry.

[0060] Calcium hydrogen phosphate is a calcium and phosphorus supplement in feed processing. Its addition amount in feed is generally 3-5%, and its appearance is crystalline white powder. It is non-toxic, odorless, and easily soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid. Calcium hydrogen phosphate mainly provides phosphorus and calcium minerals for livestock and poultry compound feed. Livestock and poultry can easily digest and absorb it, which can accelerate the growth and development of livestock and poultry, shorten the fattening period, and rapidly increase weight. It can improve the breeding rate and survival rate of livestock and poultry, and has the effect of enhancing the disease resistance and cold resistance of livestock and poultry, and preventing and treating the conditions of soft bone disease, white diarrhea and paralysis disease in livestock and poultry.

[0061] Stone powder is crushed from limestone, and its main component is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is used for calcium supplementation. Zeolite not only improves the palatability of poultry and livestock, but also improves the growth rate and meat yield of poultry and livestock. Zeolite can adsorb the feces odor of poultry and livestock, reducing the phenomenon of excessive odor. At the same time, zeolite can also adsorb harmful substances in the intestinal tract of poultry and livestock, such as harmful substances metabolized by the body, inhibit the accumulation of harmful substances in the body of poultry and livestock, and thus enhance the constitution and appetite of poultry and livestock. In addition, zeolite powder can also reduce or alleviate the toxic effects of mold and heavy metals on poultry and livestock, and strengthen the immunity of animals.

[0062] Bentonite, also known as bentoite, is a clay mineral, and its main component is silicate. In its calcined product, SiO2 accounts for about 50-75%, Al2O3 accounts for about 15-25%, followed by iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium and titanium. Bentonite has good water absorption capacity, porosity, dispersibility and wettability, which can improve the palatability of feed and improve the relaxation of feed. It can also enhance the digestive function of feed in the gastrointestinal tract and improve the utilization rate of feed. In addition, due to the adsorption and ion exchange properties of bentonite, it can adsorb harmful substances in the intestines and stomach, such as bacteria, harmful substances and toxic elements (such as fluorine, lead and arsenic), thereby protecting the body from disease and harmful substances, improving disease resistance and maintaining physical fitness. Feeding to fattening cattle can help improve the health of cattle and improve the utilization rate of feed.

[0063] Feed salt can improve the adaptability of feed, enhance appetite, help digest and absorb nutrients, and improve feed utilization. It is a necessary mineral in livestock and poultry feed and an indispensable substance for maintaining life activities. Feed salt can maintain the acid-base balance of livestock and poultry blood and tissue fluid, regulate the stability of normal osmotic pressure; it can also stimulate salivary secretion and promote the appetite of livestock and poultry; sodium can promote the synthesis of organic matter such as fat and protein during the metabolic process; feed salt keeps the alkalinity of digestive juice in the intestine, activates amylase, maintains the acidity of gastric juice, and has a bactericidal effect.

[0064] Adding sodium bicarbonate to cattle and sheep feed can improve feed utilization and increase the growth rate of cattle and sheep. It can also prevent cattle and sheep from having displaced abomasum, ketosis, and rumen acidosis. In addition, adding sodium bicarbonate can also have an anti-stress effect.

[0065] Feed-grade magnesium oxide not only compensates for the lack of magnesium in concentrate feed to prevent the onset of magnesium deficiency, but also is an excellent rumen buffer that regulates rumen fermentation. Magnesium ions can work together with sodium ions and potassium ions to maintain the balance of cell osmotic pressure, reduce the response of cattle to heat stress, and then increase the intake of cattle in summer. In addition, both dairy cows and beef cattle have excellent balance mechanisms to handle excess magnesium ions, so appropriate addition of magnesium oxide will not adversely affect cattle.

[0066] Antioxidants are preparations added to feed to prevent or delay the oxidation and deterioration of certain active ingredients in feed. They are mainly used in high-fat feed to prevent fat oxidation and spoilage, and are also commonly used in vitamin premixes to prevent vitamin oxidation and failure. There are many substances that can be used as feed antioxidants, such as L-ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, tocopherol, ethoxyquin, and other antioxidants used in food. In addition, although citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and phosphoric acid do not have antioxidant effects themselves, they can block metal ions, preventing them from catalyzing oxidation. The use of antioxidants in combination with these substances can enhance the effectiveness of antioxidants.

[0067] The main function of liquid feed mold inhibitor is to inhibit the growth and reproduction of mold in feed and prevent feed from becoming moldy and deteriorating. It can effectively kill mold spores and mycelium in feed, interrupt the life cycle of mold, and thus prolong the shelf life of feed. Liquid feed mold inhibitor can also reduce the content of mycotoxins in feed, ensuring the healthy growth of animals. Liquid feed mold inhibitor plays an important role in the production and storage of feed. The use of liquid feed mold inhibitor can effectively prevent and control feed mold, ensuring the safety and healthy growth of animals.

[0068] The flavoring agent is mainly composed of essence, flavoring agent, and auxiliary preparation. The main function of the essence is to stimulate the olfactory sense of animals, which is generally divided into natural essence and artificial essence. The flavoring agent mainly stimulates the taste of animals, which is also divided into natural flavoring agent and artificial flavoring agent. The auxiliary preparation is mainly to maintain the stability of the chemical composition of the flavoring agent in the feed, better promote the function of the essence and flavoring agent, and play a synergistic role. The flavoring agent can improve the foraging of the feed concentrate, and also can cover the peculiar smell of the feed, improve the grade of the feed product, and improve the palatability of the feed.

[0069] The addition of sweetener in the feed can improve the foraging effect of the feed, prolong the sweetness and suppress the peculiar smell, improve the overall palatability of the feed, make the flavor of the feed more concentrated and the taste better. At the same time, the sweetener can effectively cover or slow down the bad smell of the feed composition with poor palatability (such as some proteins, vitamins, and antibiotics), improve the feed intake of animals in the stress state. At the same time, the addition of sweetener can also shorten the feeding period and improve the economic benefit. The application of feed sweetener can effectively ensure the flavor of the product, improve the quality grade of the product, and enhance the market competitiveness.

[0070] In summary, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0071] 1. The application adjusts the concentrate composition of the calf period and the growing period at the same time, adds the first wu in the concentrate of the calf period, and adds the bacterial agent composed of bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus plantarum in the concentrate of the growing period, so that the fattened heifers have high beef quality. At the same time, the growth rate and feed utilization rate of the heifers are improved.

[0072] 2. On the basis of adjusting the concentrate composition of the calf period and the growing period at the same time, the application further adjusts the concentrate composition of the pre-fattening period, and adds the additive composed of radix codonopsis and atractylodes in the concentrate composition of the pre-fattening period. The adjusted fattening method can further improve the beef quality of the heifers and the growth rate of the heifers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0073] Figure 1 The color chart (after gray scale processing) for muscle color grade.

[0074] Figure 2 The color chart for muscle color grade.

[0075] Figure 3 The color chart (after gray scale processing) for fat color grade.

[0076] Figure 4 The color chart for fat color grade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The application provides a method for improving beef quality of beef cattle. The method comprises feeding the beef cattle in the stages of calf period, growing period, pre-fattening period, post-fattening period and adult period.

[0078] The feeding procedure is as follows:

[0079] (1) Calf period: the 2.5-3 month old beef cattle with good development and health are selected for feeding; the calf period is 4-6 months; the composition of the concentrate feed for the calf period is as follows: corn 260-295 parts; soybean meal 210-235 parts; cottonseed meal 17-24 parts; corn germ meal 125-135 parts; wheat bran 120-135 parts; wheat flour 65-75 parts; DDGS 95-105 parts; calcium bicarbonate 1.6-2.2 parts; stone powder 15-18 parts; salt 7.5-8.5 parts; sodium bicarbonate 8-13 parts; magnesium oxide 2.7-3.5 parts; antioxidant 0.4-0.6 parts; flavoring agent 0.25-0.35 parts; sweetener 0.16-0.23 parts; calf period premix 10-13 parts; acidifier 0.4-0.6 parts. The first wu is added in the calf period concentrate feed at a weight ratio of 0.5-1% per 1000 g.

[0080] (2) Growing period: the growing period is 7-9 months; the composition of the concentrate feed for the growing period is as follows: corn 75-85 parts; sugar cane molasses 7-9 parts; cottonseed meal 80-90 parts; sesame meal 85-95 parts; corn germ meal 230-255 parts; urea 8-10 parts; wheat bran 28-35 parts; wheat flour 28-35 parts; corn cob 348 parts; rice bran 17-25 parts; stone powder 20-25 parts; bentonite 9-12 parts; salt 7-9 parts; growing period premix 10-15 parts. The bacterial agent is added in the growing period concentrate feed at a weight ratio of 2-4% per 1000 g; the bacterial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis with the preservation number of CGMCC NO. 18473 and Lactobacillus plantarum with the preservation number of CGMCC NO. 11262.

[0081] (3) Pre-fattening period: the pre-fattening period is 10-20 months; the composition of the concentrate feed for the pre-fattening period is as follows: corn 200-230 parts; sugar cane molasses 17-23 parts; rumen bypass fat powder 35-45 parts; soybean meal 130-150 parts; corn germ meal 290-330 parts; wheat bran 160-190 parts; calcium bicarbonate 5-7 parts; stone powder 27-35 parts; salt 17-23 parts; sodium bicarbonate 17-23 parts; fattening period premix 16-25 parts. The additive is added in the pre-fattening period concentrate feed at a weight ratio of 0.7-1.2% per 1000 g; the additive is a mixture of radix codonopsis and atractylodes. In the additive, radix codonopsis is 35-45 parts and atractylodes is 5-10 parts by weight.

[0082] (4) Late fattening period: 21-26 months old; the composition of the concentrate for the late fattening period: according to weight parts, corn 200-230 parts; sugar cane molasses 17-23 parts; rumen bypass fat powder 35-45 parts; soybean meal 130-150 parts; corn germ meal 290-330 parts; wheat bran 160-190 parts; calcium bicarbonate 5-7 parts; stone powder 27-35 parts; salt 17-23 parts; sodium bicarbonate 17-23 parts; fattening period premix 16-25 parts.

[0083] In the present application, the preparation method of the calf period concentrate, the growing period concentrate, the pre-fattening period concentrate and the late fattening period concentrate is to process each component of the concentrate into the size commonly consumed by cattle, and mix each component.

[0084] In the present application, the formula of the calf period premix is as follows: zeolite powder 59.88g; rice husk powder 82.50g; sodium sulfate 50g; sodium chloride 100g; soybean meal 200g; baking soda 50g; calcium bicarbonate 50g; stone powder 380g; copper sulfate 0.63g; magnesium oxide 6.25g; compound multi-vitamin 6.25g; calcium iodate 1% 1.5g; cobalt chloride 1% 1g; sodium selenite 1% 0.75g; antioxidant 0.5g; zinc sulfate 3.75g; ferrous sulfate 5g; manganese sulfate 2g.

[0085] In the present application, the formula of the growing period premix is as follows: zeolite powder 65.9g; rice husk powder 100g; sodium sulfate 100g; sodium chloride 250g; baking soda 150g; calcium bicarbonate 100g; stone powder 200g; copper sulfate 1.5g; magnesium oxide 5g; vitamin D3 0.1g; vitamin E 1g; calcium iodate 1% 3g; cobalt chloride 1% 1g; sodium selenite 1% 1g; antioxidant 0.5g; zinc sulfate 7g; ferrous sulfate 10g; manganese sulfate 4g.

[0086] In the present application, the formula of the fattening period premix is as follows: zeolite powder 90g; rice husk powder 50g; sodium sulfate 100g; sodium chloride 250g; baking soda 200g; calcium bicarbonate 80g; stone powder 200g; copper sulfate 1g; magnesium oxide 5g; vitamin A 0.1g; vitamin D3 0.1g; vitamin E 0.9g; calcium iodate 1% 2.6g; cobalt chloride 1% 1g; sodium selenite 1% 0.8g; antioxidant 0.5g; zinc sulfate 6g; ferrous sulfate 9g; manganese sulfate 3g.

[0087] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the drawings. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0088] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with examples, comparative examples and performance test results. Example Example 1

[0089] The present example provides a method for improving beef quality of beef cattle. The object of fattening is the Japanese cow calf screened out in the "selection of Japanese cow calf".

[0090] The feeding procedure is specifically as follows:

[0091] (1) Calf period: the Japanese cow of 2.5-3 months old with good development and health is selected for feeding; the calf period is 4-6 months old; the daily feeding amount is 3% of the body weight of the cow. The composition of concentrate feed in the calf period is shown in Table 1. In addition, Shouwu is added in the amount shown in Table 1.

[0092] The composition of the feed in the calf period is specifically as follows: oat grass 2 kg; concentrate feed 3 kg; total 5 kg.

[0093] (2) Growing period: the growing period is 7-9 months old; the daily feeding amount is 2.5% of the body weight of the cow. The composition of concentrate feed in the growing period is shown in Table 1. In addition, a bacterial agent is added in the concentrate feed in the growing period, which is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum. The added amount of the bacterial agent and the mixing ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum are shown in Table 1.

[0094] The composition of the feed in the growing period is specifically as follows: silage 7 kg; corn stalk 5.1 kg; concentrate feed 1.7 kg; total 13.8 kg.

[0095] (3) Pre-fattening period: the pre-fattening period is 10-20 months old; the daily feeding amount is 2% of the body weight of the cow. The composition of concentrate feed in the pre-fattening period is shown in Table 1.

[0096] (4) Post-fattening period: the post-fattening period is 21-26 months old; the daily feeding amount is 2% of the body weight of the cow. The composition of concentrate feed in the post-fattening period is shown in Table 1.

[0097] The composition of the feed in the fattening period is specifically as follows: silage 8.5 kg; corn stalk 1.3 kg; oat grass 0.4 kg; concentrate feed 2.6 kg; total 12.8 kg.

[0098] Table 1 Composition of feed in the fattening method of Example 1

[0099]

[0100] Examples 2-17

[0101] Examples 2-17 each provide a beef cattle fattening method for improving beef quality. The above examples differ from Example 1 in the weight ratio of the addition of Radix Polygoni Multifidi in the concentrate feed during the calf period, the weight ratio of the addition of the microbial agent in the concentrate feed during the growing period, and the mixed weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum in the microbial agent. The details are shown in Table 2, and the rest of the feeding methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0102] The specific differences between the above examples and Example 1 are as follows:

[0103] Example 2-5 differs from Example 1 in the amount of Radix Polygoni Multifidi added in the concentrate feed during the calf period.

[0104] Examples 6-9 differ from Example 1 in the amount of microbial agent added in the concentrate feed during the growing period.

[0105] Examples 10-17 differ from Example 1 in the mixed ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum in the microbial agent.

[0106] Table 2 Differences in feed composition in the fattening methods of Examples 2-17 from Example 1

[0107]

[0108] Examples 18-30

[0109] Examples 18-30 each provide a beef cattle fattening method for improving beef quality. The above examples differ from Example 1 in that an additive, which is a mixture of Radix Ginseng and Rhizoma Atractylodis, is added to the concentrate feed during the pre-fattening period. The amount of additive added to the concentrate feed during the pre-fattening period and the mixing of Radix Ginseng and Rhizoma Atractylodis are shown in Table 3, and the rest of the feeding methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0110] The specific differences between the above examples and Example 1 are as follows:

[0111] Examples 18-22 differ from Example 1 in the amount of additive added to the concentrate feed during the pre-fattening period.

[0112] Examples 23-30 differ from Example 1 in the mixing of Radix Ginseng and Rhizoma Atractylodis in the additive.

[0113] Table 3 Differences in feed composition in the fattening methods of Examples 18-30 from Example 1

[0114] Comparative Examples Comparative Example 1

[0115] The comparative example 1 provides a beef cattle fattening method for improving beef quality. The comparative example 1 is different from the example 1 in that the first wu is not added in the concentrate for the calf period, and the bacterial agent is not added in the concentrate for the growing period. The rest of the feeding methods are the same as those in the example 1. Comparative example 2

[0116] The comparative example 2 provides a beef cattle fattening method for improving beef quality. The comparative example 2 is different from the example 1 in that the first wu is not added in the concentrate for the calf period. The rest of the feeding methods are the same as those in the example 1. Comparative example 3

[0117] The comparative example 3 provides a beef cattle fattening method for improving beef quality. The comparative example 3 is different from the example 1 in that the bacterial agent is not added in the concentrate for the growing period. The rest of the feeding methods are the same as those in the example 1. Comparative example 4

[0118] The comparative example 4 provides a beef cattle fattening method for improving beef quality. The comparative example 4 is different from the example 1 in that the bacterial agent added in the concentrate for the growing period only includes bacillus subtilis. The rest of the feeding methods are the same as those in the example 1. Comparative example 5

[0119] The comparative example 5 provides a beef cattle fattening method for improving beef quality. The comparative example 5 is different from the example 1 in that the bacterial agent added in the concentrate for the growing period only includes lactobacillus plantarum. The rest of the feeding methods are the same as those in the example 1.

[0120] Performance detection test

[0121] The beef cattle are fattened by using the fattening methods provided in the above examples 1-30 and comparative examples 1-5, respectively, to obtain the fattened beef cattle. Four (2 bulls and 2 cows) are randomly selected from each group, and the following tests are performed. The beef cattle obtained by feeding according to the above examples and comparative examples are also subjected to the following tests.

[0122] (I) Beef quality grade evaluation

[0123] After fattening, four beef cattle are selected from each example or comparative example for slaughter, and the marble pattern, muscle color, and fat color are used as indexes to evaluate the beef quality grade according to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Local Standard DB15T 2723-2022 “Hehe” F1 carcass splitting and beef grade specification.

[0124] (1) Marble pattern

[0125] In this application, the longissimus dorsi muscle (the longest muscle of the back of the cow) is selected for evaluation according to the grades shown in Table 4.

[0126] Table 4 Marble pattern evaluation

[0127]

[0128] The test results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 5.

[0129] Table 5 Examples and Comparative Examples of the Present Application - Evaluation Results of Intramuscular Fat Content

[0130]

[0131] (2) Muscle Color

[0132] The muscle color is evaluated according to the depth of the color of the muscle at different parts of the cut surface of the beef after acid discharge, by comparison with a color chart (refer to "Wolli" F1 carcass division and beef grade specifications", specifically as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , and reference is made to the grade shown in Table 7.

[0133] (3) Fat Color

[0134] The fat color is evaluated according to the depth of the color of the fat at different parts of the cut surface, by comparison with a color chart (refer to "Wolli" F1 carcass division and beef grade specifications", specifically as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , and reference is made to the grade shown in Table 6.

[0135] Table 6 Evaluation Reference of Muscle Color and Fat Color

[0136]

[0137] The evaluation results of the muscle color and fat color of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 7.

[0138] Table 7 Examples and Comparative Examples of the Present Application - Evaluation Results of Muscle Color and Fat Color

[0139]

[0140] As can be seen from Table 5 and Table 7, Example 1 simultaneously adds Shouwu in the concentrate during the calf period and adds the microbial agent in the concentrate during the growing period, while Comparative Example 1 does not adjust the concentrate during the calf period and the concentrate during the growing period, Comparative Example 2 only adjusts the concentrate during the growing period, and Comparative Example 3 only adjusts the concentrate during the calf period. By comparing the test results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be seen that the marbling, muscle color and fat color of the beef after fattening of Comparative Examples 1-3 are not as good as those of the beef after fattening of Example 1, i.e., the quality of the beef after fattening of Comparative Examples 1-3 is lower than that of the beef after fattening of Example 1.

[0141] The bacteria agent of the finishing period concentrate feed of Example 1 comprises Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis, while the bacteria agent of the finishing period concentrate feed of Comparative Example 4 only comprises Bacillus subtilis, and the bacteria agent of the finishing period concentrate feed of Comparative Example 5 only comprises Lactobacillus plantarum. It can be known from the detection results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4-5 that the marbling, muscle color and fat color of the beef after fattening of Comparative Examples 4-5 are all not as good as those of Example 1, that is, the quality of the beef after fattening of Comparative Examples 4-5 is lower than that of Example 1. Therefore, it can be known from the detection results of Examples and Comparative Examples 1-5 that the fattening method of the present application can effectively improve the quality of beef.

[0142] It can be known from the results of Examples 1-5 that, in the case of simultaneously adjusting the calf period concentrate feed and the finishing period concentrate feed, controlling the addition amount of Shouwu in the calf period concentrate feed to be 0.5-1% by weight per 1000g can effectively improve the marbling, muscle color and fat color of the beef after fattening, thereby improving the quality of beef marbling. Optionally, the addition amount of Shouwu in the calf period concentrate feed is controlled to be 0.65-0.85% by weight per 1000g.

[0143] It can be known from the results of Examples 1, 6-9 that, in the case of simultaneously adjusting the calf period concentrate feed and the finishing period concentrate feed, controlling the addition amount of the bacteria agent in the finishing period concentrate feed to be 2-4% by weight per 1000g can further effectively improve the marbling, muscle color and fat color of the beef after fattening, thereby improving the quality of beef marbling. Optionally, the addition amount of the bacteria agent in the finishing period concentrate feed is controlled to be 2.5-3.5% by weight per 1000g.

[0144] The addition of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacteria agent of the finishing period concentrate feed is adjusted. It can be known from the results of Examples 1, 10-13 that controlling the addition amount of Bacillus subtilis in the bacteria agent to be in the range of 12-20 parts can effectively improve the marbling, muscle color and fat color of the beef after fattening, thereby improving the quality of beef marbling. Optionally, the addition amount of Bacillus subtilis in the bacteria agent is controlled to be in the range of 13-19 parts.

[0145] It can be known from the results of Examples 1, 14-17 that controlling the addition amount of Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacteria agent to be in the range of 20-32 parts can effectively improve the marbling, muscle color and fat color of the beef after fattening, thereby improving the quality of beef marbling. Optionally, the addition amount of Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacteria agent is controlled to be in the range of 22-30 parts.

[0146] The embodiments 1, 18-22 are based on adjusting the concentrate for the calf period and the concentrate for the growing period at the same time, and further adjusting the concentrate for the pre-fattening period, and adding the additive into the concentrate for the pre-fattening period. According to the results of the comparative example 1, the embodiments 18-22, when the adding amount of the additive is controlled to be 0.7-1.2% by weight in 1000g, the marbling, muscle color, and fat color of the beef after fattening can be further improved, and the quality of the beef marbling can be further improved. Optionally, the adding amount of the additive is controlled to be 0.8-1.1% by weight in 1000g.

[0147] According to the results of the comparative example 20, the embodiments 23-26, when the adding amount of the radix codonopsis in the additive is controlled to be in the range of 35-45 parts, the marbling, muscle color, and fat color of the beef after fattening can be further effectively improved, and the quality of the beef marbling can be further improved. Optionally, the adding amount of the radix codonopsis in the additive is controlled to be in the range of 37-43 parts.

[0148] According to the results of the comparative example 20, the embodiments 27-30, when the adding amount of the radix atractylodis in the additive is controlled to be in the range of 5-10 parts, the marbling, muscle color, and fat color of the beef after fattening can be further effectively improved, and the quality of the beef marbling can be further improved. Optionally, the adding amount of the radix atractylodis in the additive is controlled to be in the range of 6-9 parts.

[0149] (II) Weight assessment of the beef cattle

[0150] The weight of the beef cattle was measured at the end of each stage of the beef cattle feeding, and the daily weight gain was calculated, and the results are shown in Tables 8 and 9.

[0151] Table 8 Weight change of the beef cattle in each stage during the beef cattle feeding

[0152]

[0153] Table 9 Weight change of the beef cattle in each stage during the beef cattle feeding

[0154]

[0155] According to Tables 8 and 9, the comparative example 1 does not adjust the concentrate for the calf period and the concentrate for the growing period, the comparative example 2 only adjusts the concentrate for the growing period, and the comparative example 3 only adjusts the concentrate for the calf period. According to the detection results of the comparative example 1 and the comparative examples 1-3, the weight of the beef cattle after fattening of the comparative examples 1-3 is less than that of the beef cattle after fattening of the embodiment 1.

[0156] The bacteria agent of the finishing period concentrate feed of Example 1 comprises Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis, while the bacteria agent of the finishing period concentrate feed of Comparative Example 4 only comprises Bacillus subtilis, and the bacteria agent of the finishing period concentrate feed of Comparative Example 5 only comprises Lactobacillus plantarum. It can be known from the comparison of the detection results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4-5 that the weight of the fattened heifer after the fattening of Comparative Examples 4-5 is less than that of Example 1. Therefore, it can be known from the comparison of the detection results of the examples and Comparative Examples 1-5 that the fattening method of the present application can effectively improve the weight of the heifer.

[0157] It can be known from the results of Examples 1-5 that in the case of simultaneously adjusting the concentrate feed for the calf period and the concentrate feed for the growing period, the addition amount of radix polygoni multiflori in the concentrate feed for the calf period is controlled to be added in a weight ratio of 0.5-1% per 1000g, which can effectively improve the weight of the fattened heifer. Alternatively, the addition amount of radix polygoni multiflori in the concentrate feed for the calf period is controlled to be added in a weight ratio of 0.65-0.85% per 1000g.

[0158] It can be known from the results of Examples 1, 6-9 that in the case of simultaneously adjusting the concentrate feed for the calf period and the concentrate feed for the growing period, the addition amount of the bacteria agent in the concentrate feed for the growing period is controlled to be added in a weight ratio of 2-4% per 1000g, which can further effectively improve the weight of the fattened heifer. Alternatively, the addition amount of the bacteria agent in the concentrate feed for the growing period is controlled to be added in a weight ratio of 2.5-3.5% per 1000g.

[0159] The addition of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacteria agent of the concentrate feed for the growing period is adjusted. It can be known from the results of Examples 1, 10-13 that the addition amount of Bacillus subtilis in the bacteria agent is controlled to be in the range of 12-20 parts, which can effectively improve the weight of the fattened heifer. Alternatively, the addition amount of Bacillus subtilis in the bacteria agent is controlled to be in the range of 13-19 parts.

[0160] It can be known from the results of Examples 1, 14-17 that the addition amount of Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacteria agent is controlled to be in the range of 20-32 parts, which can effectively improve the weight of the fattened heifer. Alternatively, the addition amount of Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacteria agent is controlled to be in the range of 22-30 parts.

[0161] Examples 1, Examples 18-22 are based on the adjustment of the concentrate feed for the calf period and the concentrate feed for the growing period, and the concentrate feed before the fattening period is also adjusted, and an additive is added in the concentrate feed before the fattening period. It can be known from the results of Example 1, Examples 18-22 that the addition amount of the additive is controlled to be added in a weight ratio of 0.7-1.2% per 1000g, which can further improve the weight of the fattened heifer. Alternatively, the addition amount of the additive is controlled to be added in a weight ratio of 0.8-1.1% per 1000g.

[0162] From the results of comparative examples 20, 23-26, it can be seen that the addition amount of Codonopsis pilosula in the additive is controlled in the range of 35-45 parts, which can further effectively improve the weight of the fattened cattle. Alternatively, the addition amount of Codonopsis pilosula in the additive is controlled in the range of 37-43 parts.

[0163] From the results of comparative examples 20, 27-30, it can be seen that the addition amount of Codonopsis pilosula in the additive is controlled in the range of 5-10 parts, which can further effectively improve the weight of the fattened cattle. Alternatively, the addition amount of Codonopsis pilosula in the additive is controlled in the range of 6-9 parts.

[0164] (Three) Safety detection

[0165] (1) After fattening, the residues and viruses in the beef obtained by fattening of each example or comparative example are detected, the detection method and detection standard refer to "NY5044-2001-Non-pollution food beef", and the detection results of example 20 are shown in Table 10. The detection results of beef obtained by fattening of other examples and comparative examples are similar to example 20, and are not listed one by one here.

[0166] Table 10 Detection data of beef obtained by fattening of example 20

[0167]

[0168] From the detection results, it can be seen that the beef obtained by the fattening method of the present application can meet the requirements of "NY5044-2001-Non-pollution food beef".

[0169] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of improving beef quality in a beef fattening operation, characterized by, The fattening method comprises feeding calves, growing period, pre-fattening period, post-fattening period and cattle in turn; the fattening object is "He" F1; The calf period selects the 2.5-3 month old He cattle with good development and health without disease, and feeds in 4-6 month old; when feeding, 0.5-1% of first wu by weight is added in every 1000g calf period concentrate feed; The growing period selects the He cattle fed in the calf period, and feeds in 7-9 month old; when feeding, 2-4% of bacteria agent by weight is added in every 1000g growing period concentrate feed; the bacteria agent is the mixture of Bacillus subtilis with preservation number CGMCC NO.18473 and Lactobacillus plantarum with preservation number CGMCC NO.11262; in the bacteria agent, the Bacillus subtilis is 6-10 parts by weight, and the Lactobacillus plantarum is 10-16 parts by weight; The pre-fattening period selects the He cattle fed in the growing period, and feeds in 10-20 month old; when feeding, 0.7-1.2% of additive by weight is added in every 1000g pre-fattening period concentrate feed; the additive is the mixture of Dangshen and Cangzhu; in the additive, the Dangshen is 35-45 parts by weight, and the Cangzhu is 5-10 parts by weight.

2. The method of feeding beef cattle according to claim 1, wherein, The calf period concentrate feed comprises: corn 260-295 parts by weight; soybean meal 210-235 parts by weight; cottonseed meal 17-24 parts by weight; corn germ meal 125-135 parts by weight; wheat bran 120-135 parts by weight; wheat flour 65-75 parts by weight; DDGS 95-105 parts by weight; Calcium bicarbonate 1.6-2.2 parts by weight; stone powder 15-18 parts by weight; salt 7.5-8.5 parts by weight; sodium bicarbonate 8-13 parts by weight; magnesium oxide 2.7-3.5 parts by weight; antioxidant 0.4-0.6 parts by weight; flavoring agent 0.25-0.35 parts by weight; sweetener 0.16-0.23 parts by weight; calf period premix 10-13 parts by weight; acidifying agent 0.4-0.6 parts by weight.

3. The method of feeding beef cattle according to claim 1, wherein, The growing period concentrate feed comprises: corn 75-85 parts by weight; sugar cane molasses 7-9 parts by weight; cottonseed meal 80-90 parts by weight; sesame meal 85-95 parts by weight; corn germ meal 230-255 parts by weight; urea 8-10 parts by weight; wheat bran 28-35 parts by weight; wheat flour 28-35 parts by weight; corn cob 348 parts by weight; rice bran 17-25 parts by weight; stone powder 20-25 parts by weight; bentonite 9-12 parts by weight; salt 7-9 parts by weight; growing period premix 10-15 parts by weight.

4. The method of feeding beef cattle according to claim 1, wherein, The pre-fattening period concentrate feed comprises: corn 200-230 parts by weight; sugar cane molasses 17-23 parts by weight; rumen bypass fat powder 35-45 parts by weight; soybean meal 130-150 parts by weight; corn germ meal 290-330 parts by weight; wheat bran 160-190 parts by weight; calcium bicarbonate 5-7 parts by weight; stone powder 27-35 parts by weight; salt 17-23 parts by weight; sodium bicarbonate 17-23 parts by weight; fattening period premix 16-25 parts by weight.

5. The method of feeding beef cattle as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The late fattening period is 21-26 months old; the composition of the concentrate for the late fattening period is: corn 200-230 parts by weight; sugar cane molasses 17-23 parts; rumen bypass fat powder 35-45 parts; soybean meal 130-150 parts; corn germ meal 290-330 parts; wheat bran 160-190 parts; calcium bicarbonate 5-7 parts; stone powder 27-35 parts; salt 17-23 parts; sodium bicarbonate 17-23 parts; fattening period premix 16-25 parts.

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