A method for forging and breaking down a cast ingot of a difficult-to-deform metal material

Abstract

The application provides a forging and cogging method of a difficult-to-deform metal material ingot, which comprises the following steps: S1, heating the to-be-forged piece to a forging temperature according to the material of the ingot; S2, heating a forging die to a specified temperature; and S3, controlling the deformation rate of the ingot according to the material and diameter of the ingot. The application has the beneficial effects that: by selecting the corresponding forging temperature and deformation rate according to the material and diameter of the to-be-forged piece, the cracking, folding and non-forging-through phenomenon of the raw material in the cogging process are reduced, the cogging efficiency of the large-size difficult-to-deform metal material is improved, and the material loss is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of forging blanking technology, and in particular relates to a forging blanking method for a difficult-to-deform metal material ingot. Background Technology

[0002] Billet preparation generally refers to a pressure processing method that uses a press to uplift or draw metal raw material ingots to achieve a uniform and refined internal structure and break up coarse crystalline second phases, thereby achieving a uniform structure and improving performance.

[0003] For some difficult-to-deform metal materials, forging and shaping through a press has become a common method for modifying metal forgings. In the past, difficult-to-deform metal materials were often modified by a single method, such as increasing the temperature of the press die or reducing the deformation rate. This unsystematic method often resulted in surface cracking and folding defects in the ingot, and even the inability to forge through (i.e., the core of the ingot was not deformed), which seriously reduced the effectiveness of the forging process and thus could not guarantee the performance of large-size forgings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a forging method for difficult-to-deform metal ingots, in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] The first aspect of this invention provides a forging method for difficult-to-deform metal ingots, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Heat the workpiece to be forged to the forging temperature according to its material;

[0008] S2. Heat the forging die to the specified temperature;

[0009] S3. Control the deformation rate of the forging part according to its material and diameter.

[0010] Furthermore, in S1:

[0011] The part to be forged is a magnesium alloy ingot. The formula for calculating the forging temperature of a magnesium alloy ingot is:

[0012] Tm = Tg - Ts;

[0013] Where Tg is the solid-liquid transition temperature of magnesium alloy ingot, Tm is the forging temperature of magnesium alloy ingot, and Ts ranges from 70 to 90℃.

[0014] The part to be forged is a titanium alloy extrusion bar. The formula for calculating the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extrusion bar is:

[0015] Tt = Tb - Ta;

[0016] Where Tt is the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extrusion bar, Tb is the phase transformation temperature between the two phases of the titanium alloy in the titanium alloy extrusion bar, and the value of Ta ranges from 20 to 40℃.

[0017] The part to be forged is an aluminum-lithium alloy ingot, and the forging temperature range of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is 450-470℃.

[0018] Furthermore, in S2, the temperature difference between the specified temperature and the forging temperature of the workpiece to be forged is within 100°C, or the specified temperature is higher than 400°C.

[0019] Furthermore, in S3:

[0020] The deformation rate K1 of the magnesium alloy ingot is 3±0.3mm / s;

[0021] When the diameter of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is ≥400mm, the deformation rate of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is K2=1.2×K1;

[0022] When the diameter of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is less than 400 mm, the deformation rate of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is K3 = 1.5 × K1.

[0023] Furthermore, when the diameter of the titanium alloy extruded bar is ≥550mm, the deformation rate of the titanium alloy extruded bar is k4=2×K1. The formula for calculating the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extruded bar, using a press forging method, is:

[0024] Tt = Tb - Ta;

[0025] The value of Ta ranges from 20 to 30℃;

[0026] When the diameter of the titanium alloy extruded bar is <550mm, the deformation rate of the titanium alloy extruded bar is k5 = 1.6 × K1. Using free forging hammer method, the formula for calculating the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extruded bar is:

[0027] Tt = Tb - Ta;

[0028] The value of Ta ranges from 30 to 40℃.

[0029] Furthermore, S3 includes the following steps:

[0030] S31. Place the workpiece to be forged vertically between the upper anvil and the lower anvil, press down the upper anvil, and match the pressing rate of the upper anvil with the deformation rate.

[0031] S32. Rotate the workpiece to be forged vertically, rotate the workpiece to be forged along the axis, and control the upper anvil die to press down, so that the workpiece to be forged is rolled into a circular cross section;

[0032] S33. If the height-to-diameter ratio of the part to be forged is ≥3, repeat steps S31 to S32. After the deformation is ≥65%, proceed to step S34.

[0033] If the height-to-diameter ratio of the part to be forged is less than 3, proceed directly to step S34;

[0034] S34. Rotate the workpiece to be forged along the axis, and control the upper anvil die to press down once every 90° rotation to elongate the workpiece into a square column structure.

[0035] Furthermore, S35 is executed after S34:

[0036] S35. Rotate the workpiece to be forged along the axis, and control the upper anvil die to press down once every 45° rotation to elongate the workpiece into an octagonal prism structure.

[0037] Furthermore, the length after drawing is L, and the initial height of the workpiece to be forged is H, where H ≥ 2.5 × L.

[0038] A second aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device including a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor and used to store processor-executable instructions, the processor being used to perform the method described in the first aspect above.

[0039] A third aspect of the present invention provides a server including at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method as described in the first aspect.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the forging method for difficult-to-deform metal ingots described in this invention has the following advantages:

[0041] (1) The forging method for difficult-to-deform metal ingots described in this invention selects the appropriate forging temperature and deformation rate by selecting the material and diameter of the forging part, thereby reducing the occurrence of cracking, folding and inability to forge through the raw material during the forging process, improving the forging efficiency of large-size and difficult-to-deform metal materials and reducing material loss. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process flow of the blanking method described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the billet-opening process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] 1. Upper anvil mold; 2. Workpiece to be forged; 3. Lower anvil mold. Detailed Implementation

[0047] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0048] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a forging method for a difficult-to-deform metal ingot includes the following steps:

[0051] S1. Heat the workpiece 2 to the forging temperature according to the material of the workpiece 2 to be forged;

[0052] S2. Heat the forging die to the specified temperature;

[0053] S3. Control the deformation rate of the forging part 2 according to the material and diameter of the forging part 2.

[0054] In S1:

[0055] The part to be forged, part 2, is a magnesium alloy ingot. The formula for calculating the forging temperature of the magnesium alloy ingot is as follows:

[0056] Tm = Tg - Ts;

[0057] Where Tg is the solid-liquid transition temperature of magnesium alloy ingot, Tm is the forging temperature of magnesium alloy ingot, and Ts ranges from 70 to 90℃.

[0058] The forging part 2 is a titanium alloy extrusion bar. The formula for calculating the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extrusion bar is:

[0059] Tt = Tb - Ta;

[0060] Where Tt is the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extrusion bar, Tb is the phase transformation temperature between the two phases of the titanium alloy in the titanium alloy extrusion bar, and the value of Ta ranges from 20 to 40℃.

[0061] The part to be forged 2 is an aluminum-lithium alloy ingot, and the forging temperature range of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is 450-470℃.

[0062] In S2, the temperature difference between the specified temperature and the forging temperature of the workpiece 2 is within 100°C, or the specified temperature is higher than 400°C.

[0063] In S3:

[0064] The deformation rate K1 of the magnesium alloy ingot is 3±0.3mm / s;

[0065] When the diameter of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is ≥400mm, the deformation rate of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is K2=1.2×K1;

[0066] When the diameter of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is less than 400 mm, the deformation rate of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is K3 = 1.5 × K1.

[0067] When the diameter of the titanium alloy extruded bar is ≥550mm, the deformation rate of the titanium alloy extruded bar is k4=2×K1. The forging temperature of the titanium alloy extruded bar is calculated using a press forging method:

[0068] Tt = Tb - Ta;

[0069] The value of Ta ranges from 20 to 30℃;

[0070] When the diameter of the titanium alloy extruded bar is <550mm, the deformation rate of the titanium alloy extruded bar is k5 = 1.6 × K1. Using free forging hammer method, the formula for calculating the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extruded bar is:

[0071] Tt = Tb - Ta;

[0072] The value of Ta ranges from 30 to 40℃.

[0073] S3 includes the following steps:

[0074] S31. Place the workpiece 2 to be forged vertically between the upper anvil die 1 and the lower anvil die 3. Press down the upper anvil die 1. The pressing rate of the upper anvil die 1 is matched with the deformation rate.

[0075] S32. Rotate the workpiece 2 to be forged in the vertical direction, rotate the workpiece 2 to be forged along the axis, and control the upper anvil die 1 to press down, so that the workpiece 2 to be forged is rolled into a circular cross section;

[0076] S33. If the height-to-diameter ratio of the forging part 2 is ≥3, repeat steps S31 to S32. After the deformation is ≥65%, proceed to step S34.

[0077] If the height-to-diameter ratio of the part to be forged 2 is less than 3, proceed directly to step S34;

[0078] S34. Rotate the workpiece 2 to be forged along the axis. Control the upper anvil die 1 to press down once every 90° rotation to elongate the workpiece 2 into a square column structure.

[0079] S35 is executed after S34:

[0080] S35. Rotate the workpiece 2 to be forged along the axis. Control the upper anvil die 1 to press down once every 45° rotation to elongate the workpiece 2 into an octagonal prism structure.

[0081] The length after drawing is L, and the initial height of the forging part 2 is H, where H ≥ 2.5 × L.

[0082] Work process:

[0083] Taking a titanium alloy extruded bar as an example, the extruded bar has a specification of Φ550×1700mm. It is heated and held at the specified heating temperature and holding coefficient: 970℃ for 550 minutes; the upper and lower anvil molds are heated to 420℃ and held for 480 minutes. After the anvils are installed on the hydraulic press, the TC4 extruded bar is removed from the furnace and opened. The extruded bar is then placed between the upper and lower anvil molds (e.g., ...). Figure 1 (See step 1).

[0084] After placing the bar stock on the mold, the press presses it down along the Z-axis at a speed of 4-5 mm / s to a height of 1100 mm, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown in step 2, the billet exhibits a "double bulge" phenomenon at this point (e.g., Figure 1 As shown in step 2), the equivalent strain distribution of the three sections of the billet in the XY plane—namely, the upper and lower ends, and the section between the two drums—differs significantly from that of other sections. To ensure uniform deformation, the bar needs to be rotated 90° along the X-axis and elongated to minimize the difference in equivalent strain distribution across all XY planes along the Z-direction (e.g., ...). Figure 1 (See step 3).

[0085] After the billet is rolled into a circular cross-section, it is then uplifted a second time along the Z-axis to H = 600 mm, ensuring that the deformation ratio of the uplift reduction is ≥ 65%, the reduction rate is 3-4 mm / s, and the temperature is measured using a contact thermocouple, with the temperature not lower than 860℃. Figure 1 (See step 4).

[0086] The blank is rotated 90° along the X-axis and drawn out, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown in step 5, during the drawing process, the bar stock (or billet) is repeatedly rotated 90° along the X-axis to forge the core through, ensuring that the minimum constant strain of the core is ≥0.2.

[0087] Titanium alloys are temperature and strain rate sensitive materials. Large temperature differences in cross sections and large equivalent strain values ​​can lead to uneven deformation of titanium alloy materials and excessive local deformation resistance, which may cause material failure. Therefore, it is necessary to rotate the billet 45° along the X-axis and press it down, and then rotate it 90° and press it down to complete the pressing of the octagonal prism.

[0088] By selecting the appropriate forging temperature and deformation rate based on the material and diameter of the part to be forged 2, the occurrence of cracking, folding, and incomplete forging of raw materials during the blanking process can be reduced, thereby improving the blanking efficiency of large-size, difficult-to-deform metal materials and reducing material loss.

[0089] For large-sized, difficult-to-deform metal materials, a series of hot working process parameters and process assurance methods can be adopted to prevent cracks, folds, and incomplete core forging during ingot blanking and reversing upsetting. At the same time, it ensures uniform deformation of all parts of the ingot, minimizes the difference in cross-sectional equivalent strain distribution, reduces internal residual stress of the ingot, and avoids the risk of cracking. This solves the problem of difficult deformation and performance assurance in large-sized, difficult-to-deform ingots. Compared with other blanking methods with single control methods that cannot guarantee forging effect, the process method adopted in this invention will greatly improve the efficiency of ingot blanking, increase the qualification rate of forgings, and effectively guarantee the quality and performance requirements of forging products.

[0090] Example 2:

[0091] An electronic device includes a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor and used to store processor-executable instructions, the processor being used to execute the method described in Embodiment 1 above.

[0092] Example 3:

[0093] A server includes at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method as described in Embodiment 1.

[0094] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0095] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and systems can be implemented in other ways. For example, the division of units described above is merely a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. The aforementioned units may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention according to actual needs.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forging method for a difficult-to-deform metal ingot, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Heat the forging part (2) to the forging temperature according to the material of the forging part (2); S2. Heat the forging die to the specified temperature; S3. Control the deformation rate of the forging part (2) according to the material and diameter of the forging part (2); In S1: The part to be forged (2) is a magnesium alloy ingot. The formula for calculating the forging temperature of the magnesium alloy ingot is: Tm = Tg - Ts; Where Tg is the solid-liquid transition temperature of magnesium alloy ingot, Tm is the forging temperature of magnesium alloy ingot, and Ts ranges from 70 to 90℃. The part to be forged (2) is a titanium alloy extrusion bar. The formula for calculating the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extrusion bar is: Tt = Tb - Ta; Where Tt is the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extrusion bar, Tb is the phase transformation temperature between the two phases of the titanium alloy in the titanium alloy extrusion bar, and the value of Ta ranges from 20 to 40℃. The part to be forged (2) is an aluminum-lithium alloy ingot, and the forging temperature range of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is 450-470℃. In S3: The deformation rate K1 of the magnesium alloy ingot is 3±0.3mm / s; When the diameter of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is ≥400mm, the deformation rate of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is K2=1.2×K1; When the diameter of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is less than 400 mm, the deformation rate of the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is K3 = 1.5 × K1.

2. The forging method for a difficult-to-deform metal ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the temperature difference between the specified temperature and the forging temperature of the workpiece (2) is within 100°C, or the specified temperature is higher than 400°C.

3. The forging method for a difficult-to-deform metal ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the diameter of the titanium alloy extruded bar is ≥550mm, the deformation rate of the titanium alloy extruded bar is k4=2×K1. The forging temperature of the titanium alloy extruded bar is calculated using a press forging method: Tt = Tb - Ta; The value of Ta ranges from 20 to 30℃; When the diameter of the titanium alloy extruded bar is <550mm, the deformation rate of the titanium alloy extruded bar is k5=1.6×K1. Using free forging hammer method, the formula for calculating the forging temperature of the titanium alloy extruded bar is: Tt = Tb - Ta; The value of Ta ranges from 30 to 40℃.

4. The forging method for a difficult-to-deform metal ingot according to claim 3, characterized in that: S3 includes the following steps: S31. Place the workpiece (2) to be forged vertically between the upper anvil die (1) and the lower anvil die (3), press down the upper anvil die (1), and match the pressing rate of the upper anvil die (1) with the deformation rate. S32. Rotate the workpiece (2) to be forged in the vertical direction, rotate the workpiece (2) to be forged along the axis, and control the upper anvil die (1) to press down, so that the workpiece (2) to be forged is rolled into a circular cross section; S33. If the height-to-diameter ratio of the part to be forged (2) is ≥3, repeat steps S31 to S32. After the deformation is ≥65%, proceed to step S34. If the height-to-diameter ratio of the part to be forged (2) is less than 3, proceed directly to step S34; S34. Rotate the workpiece to be forged (2) along the axis. Control the upper anvil mold (1) to press down once every 90° rotation to elongate the workpiece to be forged (2) into a square column structure.

5. The forging method for a difficult-to-deform metal ingot according to claim 4, characterized in that, S35 is executed after S34: S35. Rotate the workpiece to be forged (2) along the axis. Control the upper anvil mold (1) to press down once every 45° rotation to elongate the workpiece to be forged (2) into an octagonal prism structure.

6. The forging method for a difficult-to-deform metal ingot according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length after drawing is L, and the initial height of the forging part (2) is H, where H ≥ 2.5 × L.

7. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor and used for storing processor-executable instructions, characterized in that: The processor is used to execute the method described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A server, characterized in that: The method includes at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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