Metal material grain refinement processing equipment and method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of refining processing of metal materials, in particular to a metal material grain refining processing equipment and a method thereof, which comprises a rack, a refining container, an ultrasonic vibration device, a mounting stand and a ceramic vibration head group; the ceramic vibration head group is adjusted and innovatively improved; the ceramic vibration head group and the ultrasonic vibration head are coaxially connected through a coupling; the ceramic vibration head group works with the ultrasonic vibration head; meanwhile, the vibration disc in the ceramic vibration head group is matched with the tray, the driving block and the vibration cover through mutual interference, so that the matching gap of the vibration disc is eliminated, and the ultrasonic intensity is avoided from being weakened in the process of high-frequency vibration of the vibration disc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal material grain refinement technology, specifically to a metal material grain refinement equipment and method. Background Technology

[0002] Grain refinement refers to the process of reducing the grain size in a material through a series of processing or heat treatment methods. The main purpose of grain refinement is to improve the mechanical and overall properties of the material. During grain refinement, the number of grain boundaries increases, and the hindering effect of grain boundaries on dislocation movement and material deformation is enhanced, thereby improving the material's strength, hardness, and toughness. Common grain refinement methods include: 1. Deformation processing: Plastic deformation generates a large number of dislocations in the material. The movement and accumulation of dislocations at grain boundaries trigger grain boundary migration and grain refinement. 2. Heat treatment: Through mechanisms such as recrystallization, precipitation, and grain boundary diffusion during heat treatment, the grain size of the material is reduced. 3. Fine crystallization treatment: Methods such as equal channel angular extrusion and high-pressure torsion generate a large number of high-density dislocations in the material through large deformation and high strain rates, thereby promoting grain refinement. 4. Hard alloy treatment: Adding an appropriate amount of hard phase to the metal matrix restricts grain growth through mechanisms such as solid solution, precipitation, and phase transformation, thereby achieving grain refinement. 5. Ultrasonic Refining Treatment: Ultrasonic refining treatment is a method that promotes grain refinement and phase transformation of materials by exposing them to an ultrasonic field and utilizing the mechanical vibration and shearing force of the ultrasonic waves.

[0003] This invention targets ultrasonic grain refinement, where ultrasound waves propagate through liquids or gases, generating high-frequency mechanical vibrations that induce intense turbulence and shearing effects within the material, leading to grain collision and refinement. Its main mechanisms include:

[0004] 1. Cavitation effect: When ultrasound propagates in a liquid, it produces a cavitation effect, which means that tiny bubbles or cavities are formed in the liquid. Under the action of ultrasound, these bubbles will continuously expand and contract, generating violent turbulence and pressure changes, and inducing mechanical stress on the material.

[0005] 2. Liquid shearing effect: The propagation of ultrasound generates high-frequency shearing forces in liquids. These shearing forces can cause relative displacement of particles or grains in the liquid, thereby promoting grain collision and refinement.

[0006] However, since the maximum operating temperature of the piezoelectric ceramic material of the ultrasonic generator is 120℃, the traditional method of inserting the ultrasonic transducer into the melt to apply vibration is prone to damage due to the high temperature of the melt, thus affecting the dispersion effect.

[0007] Chinese patent application number 201910792245.5 discloses a non-contact ultrasonic vibration grain refinement device and method. By adding a ceramic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer is prevented from extending into the molten metal, thus extending the service life of the ultrasonic transducer. However, this technical solution uses a spring as the return element of the ceramic transducer. The spring will quickly experience stress fatigue under high temperature environment, which will affect the ultrasonic strength.

[0008] Furthermore, during the ultrasonic refinement process, the ceramic transducer is subjected to high-frequency vibration. The intermittent operation of the ceramic transducer in the aforementioned comparative documents will cause the vibration frequency and intensity of the ceramic transducer to fail to reach the preset intensity during the ultrasonic refinement process, thus affecting the refinement result.

[0009] Furthermore, when the ceramic transducer needs adjustment, replacement, or maintenance, the replacement of the ceramic transducer in the aforementioned comparative documents is also extremely cumbersome. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the above problems, this invention provides a metal material grain refinement processing device and method. By adjusting and innovatively improving the ceramic vibrating head assembly, a coupling is used to coaxially connect the ceramic vibrating head assembly and the ultrasonic transducer. The ceramic vibrating head assembly replaces the ultrasonic transducer for operation. At the same time, the vibrating disk in the ceramic vibrating head assembly achieves the purpose of eliminating the gap between the vibrating disk and the tray, drive block and vibration cover through mutual contact and cooperation. This prevents the ultrasonic intensity from weakening due to the intermittent contact during high-frequency vibration.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0012] A metal material grain refinement processing equipment includes a frame, a refinement container, an ultrasonic vibration device, a mounting frame, and a ceramic vibration head assembly;

[0013] The frame is arranged in a rectangular shape;

[0014] The refining container is fixedly installed on the frame, and the refining container is provided with a refining cavity for storing molten metal.

[0015] The ultrasonic vibration device is vertically mounted on the top of the refining container via the mounting bracket, and the ultrasonic vibration device extends downward and is inserted into the refining container.

[0016] The ceramic vibrating head assembly is coaxially mounted on the ultrasonic vibration device via a coupling. The ceramic vibrating head assembly is immersed in the molten metal. The ultrasonic vibration device drives the ceramic vibrating head assembly to vibrate and perform ultrasonic grain refinement treatment on the molten metal in the refinement cavity.

[0017] The ceramic vibrating head assembly includes a vibrating connecting shaft, a tray, a driving block, a vibrating plate, and a vibrating cover. The vibrating connecting shaft is vertically arranged, with its top connected to the ultrasonic vibration device and its bottom connected to the tray. The tray is horizontally arranged, with the driving block mounted on the vibrating connecting shaft. The vibrating plate is laid flat on the tray around the driving block, with several diversion holes evenly distributed on the vibrating plate. A vibrating cover is provided above the vibrating plate, and the vibrating cover is connected to the tray.

[0018] After the vibration connecting shaft is connected to the ultrasonic vibration device, the driving block is squeezed downward to press the vibration disk, and the vibration disk is offset relative to the tray and the vibration cover.

[0019] As an improvement, the vibration connecting shaft and the ultrasonic transducer of the ultrasonic vibration device are configured to be interlocked and fitted together.

[0020] As an improvement, the tray and the vibration connecting shaft, as well as the tray and the vibration cover, are connected by threaded connections.

[0021] The tray has several openings to allow molten metal to pass through.

[0022] As an improvement, the drive block includes a guide portion and a push rod portion;

[0023] The guide portion is arranged in a ring shape at the lower recess of the vibration connecting shaft, and the longitudinal section of the guide portion is arranged in a triangular slope. The inner ring of the vibrating plate and the corresponding mating position of the guide portion are also arranged in a slope.

[0024] The push rod is inserted through the vibration connecting shaft, with its top exposed on the outer side of the top of the vibration connecting shaft, and its lower part connected to the guide part by a thread.

[0025] As an improvement, the vibratory plate includes two sets of semi-circular plate portions arranged symmetrically. Each plate portion includes a straight edge and an arc edge. Cutouts are provided at both ends of the straight edge, and the cutouts are perpendicular to the straight edge.

[0026] As an improvement, interlocking pin guides are provided between the discs.

[0027] As an improvement, the vibration cover includes a circumferential portion and a cover portion;

[0028] The encircling part is arranged in a circular shape. The encircling part is threadedly connected to the tray and the cover part, and the encircling part is provided with a limiting part that corresponds to and cooperates with the cut.

[0029] The cover is arranged in a disc shape, and a plurality of through holes are evenly distributed on the cover, and the through holes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the diversion holes.

[0030] As an improvement, the diversion orifice is flared, and its size is adjustable.

[0031] As an improvement, the flow divider is provided with an adjustment head for adjusting the size, and the internal flow channel of the adjustment head is arranged in a spiral shape.

[0032] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a processing method based on the above-mentioned metal material grain refinement processing equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Preheat the sound source. The heat-insulating heating element inside the heat-insulating container is used to preheat the heat-insulating container and the ceramic vibration head assembly. The preheating temperature reaches the melting point temperature of the target metal to be heat-insulating, with an error range of ±30℃.

[0034] Step 2: Melt input. After the solid metal is melted into a molten metal, it is input into a refining container, which keeps the molten metal at a constant temperature.

[0035] Step 3: Ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic vibration device is started, and the vibration is transmitted to the ceramic vibration head assembly. The ceramic vibration head assembly vibrates to form an ultrasonic source to perform ultrasonic treatment on the molten metal for 2-4 minutes.

[0036] Step 4: Melt output. The molten metal that has undergone ultrasonic refining is output through the discharge pipe at the bottom of the refining container.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0038] (1) This invention adjusts and innovates the ceramic vibration head assembly, and uses a coupling to coaxially connect the ceramic vibration head assembly and the ultrasonic transducer, avoiding the use of springs. The ceramic vibration head assembly replaces the ultrasonic transducer for operation. At the same time, the vibrating plate in the ceramic vibration head assembly is mutually resisted by the tray, the drive block and the vibration cover. The tray and the vibration cover press the vibrating plate tightly, while the drive block opens the vibrating plate, thereby eliminating the gap between the vibrating plates. This prevents the ultrasonic intensity from weakening due to the intermittent contact during the high-frequency vibration of the vibrating plate.

[0039] (2) By setting a diversion hole on the vibrating plate, the metal melt passing through the diversion hole is dispersed during high-frequency vibration, so that the gas impurities in the metal melt are quickly discharged, thereby improving the refining effect of the metal melt. In addition, the size of the diversion hole in this application can be adjusted according to the different metal materials of the melt.

[0040] (3) When the size of the diversion hole is adjusted by adjusting the adjusting head, the inside of the adjusting head is set as a spiral flow channel, so that the molten metal can rotate and diffuse when passing through the flow channel, thereby achieving the purpose of quickly dispersing the molten metal. In addition, the adjusting head can be fixed on the vibrating plate by the vibration cover through the cooperation of the driving block and the vibrating plate, so that the vibrating plate will not jump during ultrasonic vibration, and can fully disperse the molten metal, while also being able to be quickly replaced.

[0041] (4) When setting the adjustment head, the present invention sets a conical dispersing head at the top of the adjustment head. The dispersing head can not only disperse the molten metal, but also facilitate the replacement of the adjustment head by directly hooking it up with a hook. The replacement is convenient and quick.

[0042] In summary, this invention has advantages such as more stable vibration of the vibratory feeder, quick replacement, high gas removal efficiency, more balanced grain refinement, and more stable internal structure of the material, and is especially suitable for the field of metal material refinement technology. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the ultrasonic vibration device of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic vibration device of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic vibration device of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the vibration connecting shaft of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the driving block of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the tray of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the vibration cover of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the vibratory feeder of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the vibratory feeder of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the adjusting head of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the adjustment head of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the process of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0059] Example 1:

[0060] like Figures 1 to 13 As shown, a metal material grain refinement processing equipment includes a frame 1, a refinement container 2, an ultrasonic vibration device 3, a mounting frame 4, and a ceramic vibration head assembly 5;

[0061] The frame 1 is arranged in a rectangular shape;

[0062] The refining container 2 is fixedly installed on the frame 1. The refining container 2 is provided with a refining cavity 21, which is used to store molten metal.

[0063] The ultrasonic vibration device 3 is vertically mounted on the top of the refining container 2 via the mounting bracket 4, and the ultrasonic vibration device 3 extends downward and is inserted into the refining container 2.

[0064] The ceramic vibrating head assembly 5 is coaxially mounted on the ultrasonic vibration device 3 via a coupling 6. The ceramic vibrating head assembly 5 is immersed in the molten metal. The ultrasonic vibration device 3 drives the ceramic vibrating head assembly 5 to vibrate and perform ultrasonic refinement treatment on the molten metal in the refinement cavity 21. All components of the ceramic vibrating head assembly 5 are made of ceramic material.

[0065] The ceramic vibrating head assembly 5 includes a vibrating connecting shaft 51, a tray 52, a driving block 53, a vibrating disk 54, and a vibrating cover 55. The vibrating connecting shaft 51 is vertically arranged, and its top is connected to the ultrasonic vibration device 3. The bottom of the vibrating connecting shaft 51 is connected to the tray 52, which is horizontally arranged. The driving block 53 is mounted on the vibrating connecting shaft 51. The vibrating disk 54 is laid flat on the tray 52 around the driving block 53. The vibrating disk 54 has a plurality of diversion holes 541 evenly distributed on it, and the vibrating cover 55 is provided above the vibrating disk 54. The vibrating cover 55 is connected to the tray 52.

[0066] After the vibration connecting shaft 51 is connected to the ultrasonic vibration device 3, the drive block 53 is squeezed downward to press the vibration disk 54, and the vibration disk 54 is offset relative to the tray 52 and the vibration cover 55.

[0067] The refined container 2 includes a container lid and a container. The container includes an inner crucible liner and an outer protective cover. The bottom of the inner crucible liner has a discharge port, and a discharge pipe is connected to the discharge port. A discharge baffle valve switch is installed on the discharge pipe.

[0068] The ultrasonic vibration device 3 includes a high-power transducer, an amplitude transformer, and an ultrasonic transducer head. The transducer converts the input high-frequency electrical energy into mechanical energy, i.e., ultrasonic waves. Specifically, it moves back and forth longitudinally within an amplitude of a few micrometers. The amplitude transformer amplifies the amplitude of the transducer and transmits the ultrasonic energy vibration to the ultrasonic transducer head. The ultrasonic transducer head emits the ultrasonic energy into the molten metal. It should be noted that, since ultrasonic waves are formed by high-frequency vibrations, the molten metal exiting the ceramic transducer head assembly 5 will fluctuate with the ultrasonic vibration. During the fluctuation, the molten metal will pass through the diversion hole 541, and the gas in the molten metal will be dispersed into the air along with the molten metal.

[0069] In his paper No. 1673-9981202003-0190-06 published in September 2020, Chen Sujian clearly gave a technical means to remove hydrogen from the molten metal by combining cavitation effect and acoustic flow effect, and further improve the grain refinement effect. The flow divider hole 541 in this application is designed to further enable the hydrogen in the molten metal to disperse into the air more quickly when it is transferred to the surface of the molten metal.

[0070] In addition, a thermometer is installed inside the refining container 2 to precisely control the temperature inside the refining container 2.

[0071] Furthermore, an ultrasonic transducer is additionally installed at the bottom of the refined container. The ultrasonic transducer will perform ultrasonic vibration treatment on the molten metal again by the ultrasonic vibration device 3. The ultrasonic dispersion direction is exactly opposite to the ultrasonic direction of the ultrasonic vibration device 3, so that some of the hydrogen gas located at the bottom of the molten metal will be dispersed upward again by the vibration of the ultrasonic transducer.

[0072] The vibration connecting shaft 51 and the ultrasonic transducer 31 of the ultrasonic vibration device 3 are configured to be interlocked and connected, which can ensure the strength and stability of the ultrasonic vibration connection between the vibration connecting shaft 51 and the ultrasonic transducer 31.

[0073] Specifically, the tray 52 is connected to the vibration connecting shaft 51 and the tray 52 is connected to the vibration cover 55 by a threaded connection. The tray 52 and the vibration cover 55 can be continuously rotated and locked by the threaded connection, so that the fit gap between the vibration plates 54 is eliminated and the vibration stability is maintained.

[0074] Furthermore, the tray 52 has several notches 521, which allows the diversion holes 541 on the vibratory plate 54 to be exposed to a greater extent in the molten metal.

[0075] Regarding the specific structure of the drive block 53, the drive block 53 includes a guide portion 531 and a push rod portion 532;

[0076] The guide portion 531 is arranged in a ring shape at the lower recessed portion 511 of the vibration connecting shaft 51, and the longitudinal section of the guide portion 531 is arranged in a triangular slope. The inner ring of the vibrating plate 54 is also arranged in a slope at the corresponding mating position with the guide portion 531.

[0077] The push rod portion 532 passes through the vibration connecting shaft 51, the top of the push rod portion 532 is exposed outside the top of the vibration connecting shaft 51, and the lower part of the push rod portion 532 is connected to the guide portion 531 by a thread.

[0078] When the ceramic vibrating head assembly 5 is not coaxially connected to the ultrasonic transducer 31, the vibrating disk 54 is in an unlocked state. When the ceramic vibrating head assembly 5 and the ultrasonic transducer 31 are coaxially connected through the coupling 6, the ultrasonic transducer 31 will squeeze the push rod part 532 on the vibration connecting shaft 51, causing the push rod part 532 to move upward and push the guide part 531 downward along the vibration connecting shaft 51. The guide part 531 and the inner ring of the vibrating disk 54 are squeezed and fitted, so that the two semi-circular disk parts 542 of the vibrating disk 54 are driven to spread, forming the inner and outer rings of the vibrating disk 54 respectively. Then, the tray 52 and the vibration cover 55 are adjusted, and the upper and lower end faces of the vibrating disk 54 are also limited, completely eliminating the fitting gaps in all directions of the vibrating disk 54 and improving the ultrasonic vibration performance of the vibrating disk 54.

[0079] Specifically, the structure of the vibratory plate 54 includes two sets of semi-circular plate portions 542 arranged symmetrically. Each plate portion 542 includes a straight edge 5421 and an arc edge 5422. Cutouts 5423 are provided at both ends of the straight edge 5421, and the cutouts 5423 are perpendicular to the straight edge 5421.

[0080] Furthermore, a pin guide rod 5424 is provided between the disc portions 542 for interlocking engagement.

[0081] It should be noted that when the disk 542 is squeezed apart by the drive block 53, the pin guide rod 5424 between the disks 542 will provide a better stable connection between the disks 542.

[0082] Specifically, the structure of the vibration cover 55 includes a circumferential portion 551 and a covering portion 552;

[0083] The encircling part 551 is arranged in a ring shape. The encircling part 551 is threadedly connected to the tray 52 and the cover part 552 respectively. The encircling part 551 is provided with a limiting part 554 that corresponds to and cooperates with the cut 5423. The cooperation between the limiting part 554 and the cut 5423 allows the disc part 542 to move and be misaligned along a straight line when it is squeezed apart by the driving block. After the misalignment is completed, no gap is left.

[0084] The covering part 552 is disc-shaped and has a plurality of through holes 553 evenly distributed on it. Each through hole 553 corresponds to and is fitted with a diversion hole 541. The adjusting head 543 is placed in the diversion hole 541 through the through holes 553. During operation, the disc part 542 moves relative to the covering part 552, so that the adjusting head 543 is fixed in the diversion hole 541. Furthermore, a fixing plate that is fixedly connected to the container lid is provided above the covering part 552. A guide rod is provided on the covering part 552 and passes through the fixing plate, so that the ceramic vibrating head assembly 5 can be more stable when vibrating due to the guidance of the guide rod.

[0085] Furthermore, the diversion hole 541 is flared, and its size is adjustable.

[0086] Furthermore, the diversion hole 541 is provided with an adjustment head 543 for adjusting the size, and the internal flow channel of the adjustment head 543 is arranged in a spiral shape.

[0087] It should be noted that when the size of the diversion orifice 541 needs to be adjusted, an adjusting head 543 can be placed inside the diversion orifice 541 to adjust its size. It is important to emphasize that when the adjusting head 543 is placed inside the diversion orifice 541, the diversion orifice 541 is funnel-shaped, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. Therefore, when the adjusting head 543 is placed inside the diversion orifice 541, the lower part of the adjusting head 543 is limited, while the upper part remains free. Meanwhile, in the disc portion 5... When the 42 is squeezed apart by the drive block 53, the disc 542 moves relative to the cover 552, so that the diversion hole 541 on the disc 542 and the through hole 553 on the cover 552 can be just offset. The cover 552 just limits the upper part of the adjustment head 543, so that the adjustment head 543 is fixed in the diversion hole 541. With the high-frequency vibration of the vibrating disc 54, the spiral flow channel provided inside the adjustment head 543 replaces the diversion hole 541 to perform the function of dispersing and diverting.

[0088] Example 2:

[0089] like Figure 14 As shown, referring to Example 1, Example 2 of the present invention describes a processing method based on the metal material grain refinement processing equipment described in Example 1, comprising the following steps:

[0090] Step 1: Preheat the sound source. The heat-insulating heating element in the heat-insulating container 2 and the ceramic vibration head group 5 are preheated. The preheating temperature reaches the melting point temperature of the target metal to be refined, with an error range of ±30℃.

[0091] Step 2: Melt input. After the solid metal is melted into a molten metal, it is input into the refining container 2, where the molten metal is kept at a constant temperature.

[0092] Step 3: Ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic vibration device 3 is activated, and the vibration is transmitted to the ceramic vibration head group 5. The ceramic vibration head group 5 vibrates to form an ultrasonic source to perform ultrasonic treatment on the molten metal for 2-4 minutes.

[0093] Step 4: Melt output. The molten metal that has undergone ultrasonic refining is output through the discharge pipe 22 at the bottom of the refining container 2.

[0094] It should be noted that, taking aluminum as an example, aluminum has a melting point of 660℃. Therefore, when preheating the refining container 2 and the ceramic vibrating head assembly 5, it is first preheated to 630-690℃. After that, the molten aluminum can be poured into the refining container 2, or the aluminum can be poured into the refining container 2 separately for heating and melting at the beginning. After melting, the refining container 2 keeps the molten metal at a constant temperature. Then, the ultrasonic vibration device 3 is started. The ceramic vibrating head assembly 5 is set at a position 20-40mm below the surface of the molten aluminum and emits ultrasonic waves downwards to ultrasonically treat the molten metal.

[0095] It should be further noted that the ultrasonic source was set to process the molten aluminum for 2-4 minutes, and the data was obtained from the technical data in the paper published by Chen Sujian in September 2020, with the number 1673-9981202003-0190-06.

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grain refinement processing device for metallic materials, characterized in that: It comprises a rack (1), a refining container (2), an ultrasonic vibration device (3), a mounting stand (4) and a ceramic vibration head group (5). The rack (1) is in the form of a square frame. The refining container (2) is fixedly installed on the rack (1), and a refining cavity (21) is arranged in the refining container (2) for storing a metal melt. The ultrasonic vibration device (3) is vertically installed on the top of the refining container (2) through the mounting stand (4), and extends downward into the refining container (2). The ceramic vibration head group (5) is coaxially installed on the ultrasonic vibration device (3) through a shaft coupling (6), and is immersed in the metal melt, and the ultrasonic vibration device (3) drives the ceramic vibration head group (5) to vibrate to perform ultrasonic grain refinement treatment on the metal melt in the refining cavity (21). The ceramic vibration head group (5) comprises a vibration connecting shaft (51), a tray (52), a driving block (53), a vibration disc (54) and a vibration cover (55), the vibration connecting shaft (51) is vertically arranged, the top of the vibration connecting shaft (51) is connected with the ultrasonic vibration device (3), and the bottom of the vibration connecting shaft (51) is connected with the tray (52), the tray (52) is horizontally arranged, the driving block (53) is installed on the vibration connecting shaft (51), the vibration disc (54) is laid on the tray (52) around the driving block (53), a plurality of shunt holes (541) are uniformly distributed on the vibration disc (54), and the vibration cover (55) is arranged above the vibration disc (54), and the vibration cover (55) is connected with the tray (52). After the vibration connecting shaft (51) is connected with the ultrasonic vibration device (3), the driving block (53) is pressed downward to press the vibration disc (54), and the vibration disc (54) is arranged in a staggered manner relative to the tray (52) and the vibration cover (55).

2. The metal material grain refinement processing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the vibration connecting shaft (51) and the ultrasonic vibration head (31) of the ultrasonic vibration device (3) are arranged in a concave-convex penetrating connection mode.

3. The metal material grain refinement processing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the tray (52) and the vibration connecting shaft (51) are connected through a threaded connection mode, and the tray (52) and the vibration cover (55) are connected through a threaded connection mode.

4. The metal material grain refinement processing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the driving block (53) comprises a guide part (531) and a push rod part (532). ​ ​ ​ ​ The guide part (531) is annularly arranged at the lower recessed part (511) of the vibration connecting shaft (51), and the longitudinal section of the guide part (531) is triangularly and obliquely arranged, and the inner ring of the vibration disc (54) is also obliquely arranged at the corresponding matching position of the guide part (531); The push rod part (532) is arranged through the vibration connecting shaft (51), the top of the push rod part (532) is exposed outside the top of the vibration connecting shaft (51), and the lower part of the push rod part (532) is threadedly connected with the guide part (531).

5. The metal material grain refinement processing equipment according to claim 1, wherein: The vibration disc (54) comprises two groups of semicircular disc parts (542) arranged symmetrically, the disc part (542) comprises a straight edge (5421) and an arc edge (5422), and the two ends of the straight edge (5421) are provided with cutouts (5423) arranged perpendicularly to the straight edge (5421).

6. The metal material grain refinement processing equipment according to claim 5, wherein: The disc parts (542) are provided with plug-in matched pin guide rods (5424) therebetween.

7. The metal material grain refinement processing equipment according to claim 5, wherein: The vibration cover (55) comprises a surrounding part (551) and a cover part (552); The surrounding part (551) is annularly arranged, and the surrounding part (551) is threadedly connected with the tray (52) and the cover part (552), and the surrounding part (551) is provided with limiting parts (554) corresponding to the cutouts (5423); The cover part (552) is disc-shaped, and a plurality of penetrating holes (553) are uniformly distributed on the cover part (552), and the penetrating holes (553) are one-to-one corresponding to the shunt holes (541).

8. The metal material grain refinement processing equipment according to claim 1, wherein: The shunt hole (541) is horn-shaped, and the size of the shunt hole (541) is adjustably arranged.

9. The metal material grain refinement processing equipment according to claim 8, wherein: The shunt hole (541) is provided with an adjusting head (543) for adjusting the size, and the inner flow channel of the adjusting head (543) is spirally arranged.

10. A processing method of a metal material grain refining processing apparatus based on any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by, The steps include: Step one, preheat the sound source, preheat the fine container (2) and the ceramic vibration head group (5) through the heat preservation heating element in the fine container (2), the preheating temperature reaches the melting point temperature of the target metal, and the error range is ± 30℃; Step two, melt input, solid metal is heated into a metal melt and input into the fine container (2), and the fine container (2) performs heat preservation treatment on the metal melt; Step three, ultrasonic treatment, the ultrasonic vibration device (3) is started, vibration is transmitted to the ceramic vibration head group (5), and the ceramic vibration head group (5) vibrates to form an ultrasonic source to perform ultrasonic treatment on the metal melt for 2-4 min. Step four, melt output, the metal melt which has completed the ultrasonic refining treatment is outputted outside through the discharge pipe (22) at the bottom of the refining container (2).

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