An automatic sanding system for locomotive anti-skid sanding

Abstract

This invention discloses an automatic sand-applying system for locomotive anti-skid sand, comprising: a pneumatic sand-transporting pipeline system, a sand-applying mechanical operating system, and automation software and hardware. The pneumatic sand-transporting pipeline system includes an air storage tank, a sand storage tower, and a transport pipeline. The transport pipeline includes a sand-transporting pipeline and a pressurization liner, with the pressurization liner laid on one side of the sand-transporting pipeline and connected to it at preset intervals. The sand-applying mechanical operating system includes a truss, a sand-applying gun, and a traveling mechanism. The truss is positioned on both sides of the target locomotive, the traveling mechanism is mounted on the main beam of the truss, and the sand-applying gun is mounted on the traveling mechanism. The automation software and hardware include a positioning sensor and a control program. The positioning sensor, located within the sand-applying mechanical operating system, is used to identify the relative position of the sand-applying gun and the target locomotive. The control program controls the automatic sand-applying system to apply sand to the sand box of the target locomotive. This invention alleviates the technical problems of long sand-applying time and low efficiency in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anti-skid sanding technology for railway locomotives, specifically an automatic anti-skid sanding system for locomotives. Background Technology

[0002] When railway locomotives start, go uphill, or brake, in order to prevent slippage between the wheelsets and the rail surface and improve travel efficiency, it is necessary to increase the friction between the wheelsets and the rail surface. The common method used both internationally and domestically is to spread sand on the rail surface under the driving wheelsets. However, the sand box space of the locomotive is limited, and generally, after each section of operation, or after a certain number of starts, uphill runs, and braking operations, the sand box must be replenished with anti-skid sand (referred to as sand replenishment). The frequency of sand replenishment operations on locomotives is very busy.

[0003] Before 2000, according to incomplete statistics, the traditional method of adding sand to locomotives in my country's locomotive maintenance system was entirely manual. Specifically, sand was transported to the platform using handcarts, and then poured into the locomotive's sand box using a scoop, with intermittent sand replenishment. In the 21st century, through continuous research and improvement, some sand-addition operations have entered a semi-automated mode combining manual and mechanical methods. Sand is transported using a pneumatic conveying system to the platform or platform sand tower, or directly to the platform, where personnel use handheld sand-addition guns. However, for this semi-automated modular locomotive sand-addition process, technical problems such as long processing time and low efficiency still exist. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic sand-applying system for locomotive anti-skid sand in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an automatic sand-applying system for locomotive anti-skid sand, comprising: a pneumatic sand-transporting pipeline system, a sand-adding mechanical operating system, and automated software and hardware; the pneumatic sand-transporting pipeline system includes an air storage tank, a sand storage tower, and a transport pipeline; the transport pipeline includes a sand-transporting pipeline and a pressurization duct, the pressurization duct being laid on one side of the sand-transporting pipeline and connected to the sand-transporting pipeline at predetermined intervals; the sand-adding mechanical operating system includes a truss, a sand-adding gun, and a traveling mechanism; wherein the truss is a liftable truss; the truss is installed on both sides of the target locomotive. In a side position, the traveling mechanism is mounted on the main beam of the truss, and the sand-adding gun is mounted on the traveling mechanism; one end of the conveying pipe is connected to the air storage tank and the sand storage tower, and the other end of the conveying pipe is connected to the tail end of the sand-adding gun; the automation program hardware and software includes a positioning sensor and a control program; the positioning sensor is installed in the sand-adding mechanical operating system and is used to identify the relative position of the sand-adding gun and the target locomotive; the control program is used to control the locomotive anti-skid sand automatic sand-adding system to add sand to the sand box of the target locomotive.

[0006] Furthermore, a sand-adding sensor is installed at the sand-adding port position of the sand box of the target locomotive, and the end cover of the sand box is connected to a transmission mechanism; the sand-adding sensor is used to send a trigger signal to the transmission mechanism when the sand-adding nozzle of the sand-adding gun reaches the sand-adding port position of the sand box; the transmission mechanism is used to control the end cover to open after responding to the trigger signal.

[0007] Furthermore, one end of the sand conveying pipeline is connected to the air storage tank, the end of the sand conveying pipeline is connected to one end of the sand conveying hose, and the other end of the sand conveying hose is connected to the tail end of the sand adding gun; one end of the pressure boosting pipe is connected to the air storage tank, and the other end of the pressure boosting pipe is connected to the end of the sand conveying hose; the pressure boosting pipe is used to uniformly pressurize the sand conveying pipeline.

[0008] Furthermore, the angle between the connection between the booster pipe and the sand conveying pipeline is less than 45°; the air pressure inside the booster pipe is greater than the air pressure inside the sand conveying pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, a ventilation duct is provided at the rear end of the sand conveying pipeline, and the port of the ventilation duct is connected to a dust removal well; the ventilation duct is used to control the flow rate of anti-slip sand in the sand conveying pipeline; the dust removal well is used to adsorb dust in the ventilation duct.

[0010] Furthermore, the ground portion of the sand conveying hose is provided with omnidirectional wheels at intervals to reduce friction between the sand conveying hose and the ground when the truss drags the sand conveying hose.

[0011] Furthermore, the main beam of the truss is made of I-beams, and the direction of the main beam is parallel to the direction of the target locomotive; a jack is provided at the lower end of the truss for adjusting the height of the truss.

[0012] Furthermore, the tail end of the sand-adding gun is composed of an inner ring steel pipe and an outer ring steel pipe nested together; the end of the inner ring steel pipe is connected to the sand conveying pipe through a sand conveying hose, and the cavity between the inner ring steel pipe and the outer ring steel pipe forms an annular hydraulic cylinder cavity; the intermediate gun barrel of the sand-adding gun is inserted into the annular hydraulic cylinder cavity, and the intermediate gun barrel moves telescopically along the annular hydraulic cylinder cavity under the drive of an external oil pump; the gun head of the sand-adding gun is a rotatable gun head.

[0013] Furthermore, the positioning sensor is a video positioning sensor.

[0014] Furthermore, the positioning sensors are respectively installed on the truss and at the nozzle of the sand-adding gun; memory marks are provided on the inner side of the truss columns and on the sand box of the target locomotive; the memory marks are used to cooperate with the video positioning sensor for positioning.

[0015] This invention provides an automatic sand-filling system for locomotive anti-skid sand. The sand-carrying pneumatic pipeline conveying system uses positive pressure air pressure supplemented by accompanying pipe pressurization. The sand-filling mechanical operating system adopts a liftable truss and a sand-filling gun set on a walking structure, which can realize the free movement of the sand-filling gun. With the help of automated program hardware and software, it can control the sand-filling gun to automatically position itself to the sand box of the target locomotive and realize the automatic sand-filling function. The system has a high degree of automation, speeds up the sand-filling speed of locomotives, and alleviates the technical problems of long sand-filling time and low efficiency in the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the plan layout of an automatic sanding system for locomotive anti-skid purposes provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a conveying pipeline provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a front view of an automatic anti-skid sanding system for locomotives provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal arrangement of an automatic sand-applying system for locomotive anti-skid sand provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 A front cross-sectional view of a sand storage tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a side view of the connection between a pneumatic material conveyor and a sand conveying pipeline provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 A top view of the connection between a material pneumatic conveyor and a sand conveying pipeline provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a drag-reducing component for a caster wheel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 A side cross-sectional view of a dust removal well provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10A side view of a truss provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 11 A front view of a traveling mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 12 A rear view of a traveling mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 13 A side perspective view of a sand-adding gun provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 14 A three-dimensional exploded view of a sand-filled gun provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 15 A front view of a sand-adding gun provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 16 A schematic diagram illustrating the modification of a locomotive sand box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 17 A schematic diagram illustrating another modification of a locomotive sand box provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 18 This is a side view of a sand-filling gun and truss provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Air storage tank; 2. Sand storage tower; 21. Sand outlet; 22. Spherical solenoid valve; 3. Conveying pipeline; 31. Sand conveying pipeline; 32. Pressurization duct; 33. Ventilation duct; 34. Dust removal well; 341. Perforated manhole cover; 342. Dust barrier and air filter; 343. Dust suction water layer; 4. Air compressor; 5. Truss; 6. Sand adding gun; 61. Inner ring steel pipe; 62. Outer ring steel pipe; 63. Annular cylinder cavity; 64. Intermediate gun barrel; 65. Gun head; 66. Limit bolt; 67. End ventilation duct; 68. Long slot; 69. Solenoid ball valve; 610. Traction electromagnet; 611. Steering pulley; 612. Return spring; 613. Horizontal rectangular slot; 614. Wire rope; 615. Trumpet-shaped protector; 7. 71. Traveling mechanism; 72. Support frame; 73. Transmission chain; 74. Gun body angle hydraulic cylinder; 75. Upper load-bearing traveling wheel; 76. Lower load-bearing traveling wheel; 77. Motor and gearbox; 88. Counterweight sand box; 89. Target locomotive; 80. Motor and reducer; 81. Toothed gear and chain; 82. Circuit linkage changeover switch pressure plate; 83. Circuit linkage changeover switch; 84. Rotary electromagnet; 85. Axle steering gear; 86. Driven gear; 9. Jack; 10. Material pneumatic conveyor; 11. Sand conveying hose; 12. Universal wheel drag reduction component; 121. Sliding tube; 122. Longitudinal baffle; 123. Protective tube; 124. Universal wheel; 13. Memory mark; 14. Double-sided control box; 15. Video positioning sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of an automatic sand-adding system for locomotive anti-skid sand provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. The automatic sand-adding system includes: a sand-carrying pneumatic pipeline conveying system, a sand-adding mechanical operating system, and automated program hardware and software.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pneumatic sand conveying system includes an air storage tank 1, a sand storage tower 2, and a conveying pipeline 3. The air pressure in the air storage tank 1 is provided by an air compressor 4.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a conveying pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2As shown, the conveying pipeline 3 includes a sand conveying pipeline 31 and a booster pipe 32. The booster pipe 32 is laid on one side of the sand conveying pipeline 31 and is connected to the sand conveying pipeline 31 at preset intervals.

[0040] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is designed to simultaneously add sand to two locomotives. According to the number of sand boxes on the locomotives, the air storage tank 1 is equipped with four sand conveying air outlets and four pressurizing air outlets, and is equipped with air valves to adjust the air pressure; each air outlet is responsible for the operation of two sand adding guns.

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, based on the current status of my country's locomotive system, the design is based on simultaneously adding sand to two locomotives. According to the number of sand boxes on each locomotive, the air storage tank is equipped with four sand conveying outlets and four pressurization outlets. Each outlet is equipped with a pressure regulating valve, an electromagnetic switch valve, and a pressure gauge. The pressure regulating valve is a less frequently used valve, equipped with a pressure gauge to adjust the outlet pressure. The electromagnetic valve, under the control of the control system, enables rapid opening and closing of the outlet. Each sand conveying outlet and its accompanying pipe are responsible for conveying and pressurizing sand for both sand-adding guns. The sand conveying air supply pipe connects to the sand conveying pipe at the bottom of the material pneumatic conveyor, providing air pressure for the sand to flow into the sand conveying pipe. The air pressure in the air storage tank is provided by an air compressor, which has an automatic start and stop function based on the minimum air pressure threshold set by the air cylinder. It should be noted that... Figure 1 Due to space limitations, only four air supply pipes are shown; the booster pipe is not shown. The booster pipe follows the same route as the air supply pipe.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the sand-adding mechanical operating system includes a truss 5 and a sand-adding gun 6.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a front view of an automatic sand-applying system for anti-skid purposes on a locomotive, provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the sand-adding machinery operating system also includes a traveling mechanism 7. Specifically, the truss 5 is a liftable truss; the truss 5 is located on both sides of the target locomotive 8, the traveling mechanism 7 is located on the main beam of the truss 5, and the sand-adding gun 6 is located on the traveling mechanism 7.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, a motor and gearbox are installed under the sand-adding gun 6, and a chain or belt is used to drive the drive wheel to drive the base and gun body to move left and right on the truss 5.

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the main beam of truss 5 is made of I-beams, and its direction is parallel to the direction of the target locomotive 8. Jacks 9 are installed at the lower end of truss 5 for adjusting its height.

[0046] like Figure 1As shown, one end of the conveying pipe 3 is connected to the air storage tank 1 and the sand storage tower 2, and the other end of the conveying pipe 3 is connected to the tail end of the sand adding gun 6.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal arrangement of an automatic sand-applying system for locomotive anti-skid sand provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, a pneumatic conveyor 10 is installed below the sand storage tower 2. The sand conveying and air supply pipe of the air storage tank 1 is connected to the sand conveying pipe 31 at the bottom of the pneumatic conveyor 10 to provide power for the anti-slip sand to flow in. Figure 4 As shown, the delivery pipeline 3 is buried underground.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the material pneumatic conveyor 10 is used to transport the anti-slip sand flowing down from the sand storage tower 2 into the sand conveying pipeline 31.

[0049] Figure 5 This is a front cross-sectional view of a sand storage tower according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the lower end of the sand storage tower 2 is equipped with four sand outlets 21, each with a spherical solenoid valve 22, which is connected to the corresponding feeding port of the lower material pneumatic conveyor 10 to provide anti-slip sand to the system. The spherical solenoid valves are linked to the control box and incorporated into the automatic control system.

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the main function of the material pneumatic conveyor 10 is to uniformly convey the anti-slip sand left in the sand storage tower 2 into the sand conveying pipeline 31.

[0051] Figure 6 This is a side view of the connection between a material pneumatic conveyor and a sand conveying pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a top view of the connection between a material pneumatic conveyor and a sand conveying pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the lower end of the material pneumatic conveyor 10 is directly connected to the sand conveying pipeline 31, and the booster pipe 32 is laid next to the sand conveying pipeline 31 and connected to the sand conveying pipeline 31.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, one end of the sand conveying pipe 31 is connected to the air storage tank 1, the end of the sand conveying pipe 31 is connected to one end of the sand conveying hose 11, and the other end of the sand conveying hose 11 is connected to the tail end of the sand adding gun 6.

[0053] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, one end of the pressurization pipe 32 is connected to the air storage tank 1, and the other end of the pressurization pipe 32 is connected to the end of the sand conveying hose 11.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the pressurization pipe 32 is used to uniformly pressurize the sand conveying pipeline 31.

[0055] Preferably, in this embodiment of the invention, the angle between the connection between the booster pipe 32 and the sand conveying pipe 31 is less than 45°; the air pressure inside the booster pipe 32 is greater than the air pressure inside the sand conveying pipe 31.

[0056] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, universal wheels 12 are provided at intervals on the ground portion of the sand conveying hose 11 to reduce friction between the sand conveying hose 11 and the ground when the truss 5 drags the sand conveying hose 11.

[0057] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a drag-reducing component for a caster wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, the universal wheel drag reduction component 12 includes a sliding tube 121 installed on the outer layer of the sand conveying hose 11, a longitudinal baffle 122 disposed on one side of the sliding tube 121, a protective tube 123 tightly fitted outside the sand conveying hose 11 and inside the sliding tube 121, and universal wheels 124 disposed on both sides of the sliding tube.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, in order to prevent the sand conveying hose 11 from rubbing against the ground and extend its service life, a universal wheel drag reduction component 12 is designed and installed on the hose on the ground at a certain interval. When the sand-adding gun 6 runs on the truss 5 and drags the ground hose, the sand conveying hose 11 moves on the ground without contacting the ground through the universal wheel drag reduction component 12, bends and moves freely, reduces the running resistance of the gun body, reduces the friction force between the sand conveying hose 11 and the ground, and extends the service life of the sand conveying hose 11.

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, the number of sand conveying pipes 31 and the air supply pipes of the air storage tank 1 are the same. Both are made of galvanized steel pipes and are connected to the material pneumatic conveyor 10. Each pipe is responsible for conveying anti-slip sand to two sand-adding guns 6. A booster pipe 32 is installed at the end of the section from the air storage tank 1 to the sand conveying pipe 31, laid on one side of the sand conveying pipe 31. Its diameter is slightly smaller than that of the sand conveying pipe 31, and each pipe is connected to the sand conveying pipe 31 at regular intervals. The angle between the booster pipe 32 and the sand conveying pipe 31 is no greater than 45 degrees, and the air pressure is no less than that of the sand conveying pipe 31 to prevent the anti-slip sand from flowing back into the booster pipe 32.

[0060] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, a ventilation duct 33 is also installed at the rear end of the sand conveying pipeline 31, and the port of the ventilation duct 33 is connected to the dust removal well 34.

[0061] Specifically, the ventilation duct 33 is used to control the flow rate of anti-slip sand in the sand conveying pipe 31; the dust removal well 34 is used to adsorb dust in the ventilation duct 33.

[0062] Figure 9 This is a side cross-sectional view of a dust removal well according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 As shown, a perforated manhole cover 341 is installed on the top of the dust removal manhole 34, a dust blocking and air filter 342 is installed below the perforated manhole cover 341, and a dust-absorbing water layer 343 is installed at the bottom of the manhole.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, an air vent 33 is installed at the downstream end of the sand conveying pipe 31, mainly to prevent the anti-slip sand from flowing too fast or being conveyed in excess, thus creating air resistance and affecting the normal transportation of the anti-slip sand. Figure 9 As shown, in order to reduce the dust ejected from the ventilation duct 33, the ventilation duct 33 is designed to be curved downwards and introduced into the dust removal well 34. After passing through the dust barrier and air filter 342, the air is vented. Part of the dust is adsorbed by the dust-absorbing water layer 343 in the well, and the other part is adsorbed by the dust barrier and air filter 342, which can effectively reduce the dust in the air coming out of the sand conveying pipeline.

[0064] Figure 10 This is a side view of a truss according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 The upper and lower main beams of the truss 5 are made of I-beams, welded together from profiles to form a single structure, used to support the sand-adding gun 6 and the associated traveling mechanism 7. The lower edge of the I-beams serves as the travel track for the traveling wheels of the traveling mechanism 7, and also as the track for the left and right movement of the movable traveling wheels on the oil hoses and cables. Jacks 9 are installed at both ends of each truss 5 to adjust the height of the truss 5. Columns, also made of I-beams, are installed at both ends of the truss 5. Under the control of the control system, the entire truss 5 reciprocates up and down within the I-beam slots at both ends.

[0065] Figure 11 This is a front view of a traveling mechanism provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 As shown, the traveling mechanism 7 is composed of a support frame 71 made of profiles, and a transmission chain 72 is installed inside the support frame 71. The sand-adding gun 6 is fixed to the support frame 71 by the gun body angle hydraulic cylinder 73.

[0066] Figure 12 This is a rear view of a traveling mechanism provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 As shown, the traveling mechanism 7 is equipped with an upper load-bearing traveling wheel 74 and a lower load-bearing traveling wheel 75, respectively. The lower load-bearing traveling wheel 75 is connected to the motor and gearbox 76, serving as the drive wheel assembly. Figure 12 As shown, the traveling mechanism 7 is also equipped with a counterweight sandbox 77 to balance the center of gravity of the traveling mechanism 7.

[0067] Figure 13 This is a side perspective view of a sand-adding gun according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13As shown, the tail end of the sand-adding gun 6 is composed of an inner ring steel pipe 61 and an outer ring steel pipe 62 nested together; the end of the inner ring steel pipe 61 is connected to the sand conveying pipe 31 through a sand conveying hose 11, and the cavity between the inner ring steel pipe 61 and the outer ring steel pipe 62 forms an annular cylinder cavity 63.

[0068] Specifically, the intermediate barrel 64 of the sand-filled gun 6 is inserted into the annular cylinder cavity 63, and the intermediate barrel 64 moves along the annular cylinder cavity 63 under the drive of the external oil pump.

[0069] like Figure 13 As shown, the gun head 65 of the sand-adding gun 6 is a rotatable gun head. An end air duct 67 is also provided on the gun head 65. A limiting bolt 66 is also provided on the outer ring steel pipe 62 to fix the relative position of the intermediate gun barrel 64 inserted into the annular hydraulic cylinder cavity 63.

[0070] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the rear annular cylinder of the sand-adding gun 6 is composed of two steel pipes with different inner diameters, both closed at the ends, with inlet and outlet ports at the ends, wherein the inlet and outlet ports are the same pipe opening. The intermediate gun barrel 64, after being inserted at its front end, forms an annular cylinder cavity 63 with the inner and outer steel pipes. The inner annular steel pipe 61 is a sand-carrying pipe, and its tail end is connected to the sand-carrying hose 11. The annular cylinder cavity 63 is designed primarily to reduce the overall barrel volume. Its main function is to allow the intermediate gun barrel 64 to flexibly extend and retract during pressurization and depressurization, changing its length to adapt to different locomotive sand-adding scenarios. Fixed (limiting) bolts are installed between the inner and outer steel pipes, serving two purposes: firstly, to fix the inner and outer steel pipes; and secondly, to limit the stroke of the intermediate movable gun barrel.

[0071] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of a sand-filled gun according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 As shown, the intermediate gun barrel 64 is inserted into the rear annular cylinder cavity 63. A long slot 68 is cut at both the top and bottom of the intermediate gun barrel 64. Driven by the limiting bolt 66 of the annular cylinder cavity 63 and the pressure adjustment of the oil pump, it reciprocates, extending or shortening the gun barrel along with the cylinder to adapt to different locomotive sand-adding scenarios. Sand is transported inside the gun barrel. The gun barrel is split in the middle and equipped with an electromagnetic ball valve 69, which is synchronously controlled by the control system to realize the opening and closing functions of sand addition. The front end of the gun barrel is equipped with a traction electromagnet 610, a steering pulley 611, a return spring 612, and a wire rope 614, forming a component that drives the gun head to rotate.

[0072] The front-end rotatable gun head 65, made of steel pipe, is fitted over the middle layer of retractable steel pipe. Two rectangular slots 613 are horizontally set in the steel pipe, aligning with the limiting bolts 66 on the middle retractable gun barrel 64. A return spring 612 is installed at the connection between the gun head 65 and the middle gun barrel 64. Normally, the gun head 65 faces downwards. Under the action of the traction electromagnet 610, the oil wire rope 614 is pulled, passing through the steering pulley 611, rotating the gun head 65 to a certain angle. Its main function is to achieve automatic sand addition when the sand inlets of the HXn series locomotives are located at both ends. In addition, three video sensors are installed at the gun head to realize related automatic control functions.

[0073] Figure 15 This is a front view of a sand-adding gun according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 As shown, the hydraulic cylinder 73 for adjusting the angle of the gun body is in the shape of an "eight". Its main function is to adjust the angle of the gun body from the vertical position to the horizontal position and then reset it. It also has the function of fixing the gun body to achieve a certain rigidity, so that it does not sway up, down or left and right when dragging the sand conveying hose 11.

[0074] like Figure 15 As shown, in order to prevent the radius of curvature of the sand conveying hose 11 and the gun body from being too small when dragging or adjusting the angle of the gun body, which would easily cause damage, a flared guard 615 (made of steel plate) is designed to always keep the sand conveying hose 11 working with a larger radius of curvature.

[0075] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the cables for the sensor, traction electromagnet, and electromagnetic ball valve are spirally shaped and fixed as necessary within the stroke range of the intermediate gun barrel 64 to meet the needs of barrel extension and retraction. Furthermore, to ensure stable and balanced operation of the traveling mechanism and the sand gun, a counterweight sand box is designed on the side of the gun head. The sand box can be filled with sand, counterweight iron blocks, or lead blocks to achieve relative balance during overall operation.

[0076] Based on different equipment uses and control principles, this invention employs two oil pumps: one for the truss jack and the gun body angle adjustment cylinder, which is used to input hydraulic oil (positive pressure) into the cylinder; and another for the gun body cylinder, which uses positive pressure for gun barrel extension and negative pressure for gun barrel shortening or resetting, thus achieving the function of free extension and retraction of the gun barrel.

[0077] This invention also modifies the locomotive's sand box to cooperate with the automatic anti-skid sanding system provided in this invention. Specifically, a sand-adding sensor is installed at the sand-adding port of the target locomotive's sand box, and the end cover of the sand box is connected to a transmission mechanism. The sand-adding sensor sends a trigger signal to the transmission mechanism when the sand-adding nozzle of the sand-adding gun reaches the sand-adding port of the sand box. The transmission mechanism controls the end cover to open after responding to the trigger signal.

[0078] For example, an embodiment of the present invention provides a modification implementation method for the sand box of Dongfeng series locomotives, such as... Figure 16 As shown, based on the original sand box cover, a motor and reducer 81, a toothed wheel and chain 82, a circuit linkage changeover switch pressure plate 83 and a circuit linkage changeover switch 84 are added to the rotating part of the sand box cover to achieve the function of automatic opening and closing.

[0079] Specifically, the motor and reducer 81 provide power for opening the sand box cover. The power is supplied by the locomotive itself and can use DC. The chain is linked to the gear of the cover shaft.

[0080] The circuit linkage changeover switch plate 83 is welded to the box cover as a whole, with one at the front and one at the back, forming a certain angle. Its functions are: first, after the box cover is opened to a certain angle, the automatic stop / start shut-off switch (button) of the box cover is pressed to stop the box cover, thus providing the pre-operation state for the sand gun. After a delay under the action of the time delay relay, the motor reverse circuit is started to close the box cover; second, after the box cover is closed in place, the box cover reset circuit breaker (button) is pressed to cut off the motor power and restore the standby state.

[0081] The sand box sensor is installed at the rear of the sand box. It is used to trigger the sand box cover opening procedure to open the sand box cover after the sand gun body is in position (i.e., the sand gun body reaches the memory mark position).

[0082] This invention also provides an implementation method for modifying the sand filling port of the sand box in HXn (Harmony) locomotives. Since the sand box of the HXn series locomotives is located inside the locomotive, and the sand filling ports are at both ends of the locomotive (generally two sand filling ports at each end), a technical modification to the end caps of the sand filling ports is required. Specifically, as follows... Figure 17 As shown, the sand filling port end cap includes a rotating electromagnet 85, a shaft steering mechanism 86, and a driven gear 87.

[0083] Specifically, a rotating electromagnet 85, a shaft steering mechanism 86, and a driven gear 87 are added near the end cover shaft. The original end cover shaft is fitted with the same gear, allowing the two gears to mesh normally. The main function is to provide power for opening the end cover.

[0084] Optionally, a return spring of a certain strength is installed on the original end cover shaft and end cover surface. Normally, the end cover is closed under the spring force, in a reset state. When the rotating electromagnet is activated, it drives the shaft gear to rotate, opening the end cover to a 90-degree position. This provides the pre-operational state for the sand-adding gun. After a certain delay time (greater than the sand-adding time) following a time delay relay, the power to the rotating electromagnet is automatically turned off, and the end cover returns to the standby state.

[0085] A sensor is installed at the sand filling port to trigger the end cover opening procedure to open the sand box cover when the sand filling gun head is in position (i.e., when the sand filling gun head reaches the sensor memory flag position).

[0086] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the automated program hardware and software includes a positioning sensor and a control program; the positioning sensor is set in the sand-adding mechanical operating system and is used to identify the relative position of the sand-adding gun 6 and the target locomotive 8; the control program is used to control the locomotive anti-skid sand automatic sand-adding system to add sand to the sand box of the target locomotive 8.

[0087] Preferably, in this embodiment of the invention, the positioning sensor is a video positioning sensor.

[0088] Preferably, the positioning sensors are respectively installed on the truss 5 and at the gun head 65 position of the sand-adding gun 6. Specifically, as shown in the figure... Figure 10 As shown, memory markers 13 are installed on the inner side of the columns of truss 5 and on the sand box of target locomotive 8; memory markers 13 are used to cooperate with video positioning sensor 15 for positioning.

[0089] Figure 18 This is a side view of a sand-adding gun and truss according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 18 As shown, the video positioning sensor 15 is located at the top of the gun head 65 of the sand-filling gun 6.

[0090] Specifically, the automation program hardware and software also include a double-sided control box 14, which is set in the middle of the platform of the two tracks. It can be operated by buttons or touch screen, and each side can be controlled independently. The control box is set with 1-N modes, corresponding to 1-N locomotive models. Each mode is set with one-button start. After the system starts, the information sent by the sensor triggers the switching circuit to synchronously power on and off the solenoid valves of the oil pump, motor, sand tower, sand conveying pipeline, gun barrel, and air outlet of the air storage cylinder, so as to realize the corresponding mechanical operation functions.

[0091] Optionally, the panel of the double-sided control box 14 is as follows:

[0092] (1) Dongfeng series locomotive mode button. The corresponding mode is set according to the locomotive model and the position and height of the sand box. Pressing this button will activate the control system to start the jacks, adjust the truss to the corresponding height, and proceed with the subsequent automated sand-adding procedure. This invention uses the Dongfeng series as an example to illustrate the sand-adding process on both sides of the locomotive.

[0093] (2) HXn series locomotive mode button. The corresponding mode is set according to the locomotive model and the location of the sand box sand filling port. The main feature of this locomotive is that the sand filling port is located at both ends of the locomotive. Therefore, pressing this button will start the aforementioned HXn series locomotive sand filling program.

[0094] (3) Power button. Press the power button to turn on the power, and press it again to turn off the power.

[0095] (4) Power indicator light. The indicator light is on or off to indicate whether the power supply is in working or non-working state.

[0096] (5) Fault alarm light. The indicator light is on to indicate that there is a fault in the sand adding system and all systems are reset.

[0097] Optionally, the automation program hardware and software also include a software component, which uses WINCC software to configure the PLC module and writes programs for one-button operation from the station control box or indoor operation from a computer terminal to control each mechanical system to achieve the corresponding functions according to the design steps.

[0098] This invention mainly utilizes electrical equipment and components to transmit information and achieve automated operation through programming, as detailed below:

[0099] (1) Positioning Sensors. First, sensors are installed on each truss, and memory marks of varying heights are set on the inner side of the truss columns according to the height of the locomotive sand box. When the truss rises or falls, the sensors find the corresponding target. After the sand gun body is adjusted to be horizontal, the oil pump jack and the oil circuit of the gun body cylinder are cut off, and it stops at the height position of the corresponding mode. Second, the sensor set on the gun head: First, after recognizing the memory mark of the locomotive sand box position, the sand gun finds the target during the left and right movement of the truss and cuts off the power of the traveling mechanism, stopping at the sand box sand filling position. Second, after recognizing the memory mark of the sand box cover opening state, the sensor is triggered, the oil pump is started to pressurize the gun body ring cylinder, the gun barrel is extended to the sand box opening, and the motor switches of the air cylinder and the material pneumatic conveyor are continuously and synchronously started. The electromagnetic air valve, electromagnetic ball valve and gun head electromagnetic ball valve of the air supply pipe and sand conveying pipe are opened to add sand to the sand box. Third, after recognizing the memory mark of the sand box being full of sand, the sand adding system is triggered to add sand to the next sand box, or all are restored to standby state. Third, sensors are installed at corresponding positions in the locomotive sand box to detect when the gun head reaches the vicinity of the sand box, triggering the sand box cover to open and waiting for subsequent sand adding procedures.

[0100] (2) Traction electromagnet. It is installed on the movable gun barrel and connected to the steerable gun head via a wire rope and a steering pulley. During operation, the gun head rotates upward about 70 degrees to align with the sand filling port of the sand box. After the sand filling is completed, the sensor triggers the switch mechanism to cut off the power and return to the standby state. This program is used for the sand filling operation of the sand box of HXn series locomotives.

[0101] (3) Oil pump. It performs corresponding start-up and shutdown operations under the trigger of the sensor. Its main function is to provide power for the angle adjustment, extension and retraction of the truss and sand-adding gun body.

[0102] The following example illustrates the workflow of an automatic sand-applying system for locomotive anti-skid sand provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0103] Example 1: Dongfeng series locomotives.

[0104] Step 1: Activate the corresponding mode (one mode is for one locomotive model). The oil pump drives the jacks on the lower truss to make the truss rise from its original position (lowest position). After the sensors on the truss collect the corresponding memory mark information and reach the predetermined height, the program is triggered to control the oil pump, so that the truss oil circuit switch is closed and the truss is kept at the normal working height.

[0105] Step 2: After completing Step 1, continuously (with a time delay controlled by a time relay, within 5 seconds) turn on the oil circuit switch of the sand-adding gun cylinder to drive the sand-adding gun cylinder to rotate the gun body from the reset vertical position to the horizontal position.

[0106] Step 3: Start the motor of the traveling mechanism on the truss to drive the traveling mechanism (sand gun) to move on the truss. The sensor installed on the gun head begins to search for the target (sand box position). After the sensor on the sand gun head collects the locomotive sand box memory mark information (the memory mark is pre-recorded near the sand box), it triggers the control system to turn off the traveling mechanism motor switch. At this time, the sand gun stops moving laterally, the gun head is horizontally aligned with the locomotive sand box, and there is a certain distance between them. It is in standby mode.

[0107] Step 4: After the sensor installed at the sand box of the locomotive collects the memory mark information of the sand gun head (or the recorded image), the sand box cover mechanical mechanism is activated to open the sand box cover to the preset angle, and the sand box cover delayed closing program is started (the delay is longer than the time the gun head extends into the sand box and the sand adding time).

[0108] Step 5: The sand gun head sensor collects the memory mark information (image) of the state after the sand box cover is opened again, triggers and starts the corresponding oil circuit of the oil pump to pressurize the annular oil cylinder of the gun body, and drives the middle layer gun barrel to extend horizontally upwards above the sand box.

[0109] Step Six: When the sand-adding gun head extends to the corresponding position above the sand box, the gun head sensor collects the sand box memory mark information, triggers and controls the oil circuit to stop pressurizing the gun body annular oil cylinder, and the gun barrel completes the extension operation. At this time, the gun body is in the preparation state for sand addition.

[0110] Step 7: After "Step 6", continuously (with a time relay delay within 5 seconds) synchronously start the motor switches related to the air cylinder and material pneumatic conveyor, open the electromagnetic air valves, electromagnetic ball valves and gun head electromagnetic ball valves of the air supply pipe and sand conveying pipe, and add sand to the sand box.

[0111] Step 8: Once the gun head sensor collects the status memory information of the sand box being full (90%) again, it will simultaneously start the motor switches of the air cylinder and the material pneumatic conveyor, and close the electromagnetic air valves, electromagnetic ball valves and gun head electromagnetic ball valves of the air supply pipe and sand conveying pipe, and the system will stop adding sand to the sand box.

[0112] Step Nine: After Step Eight, continuously (with a time relay delay within 5 seconds) trigger and start the corresponding oil circuit of the oil pump to apply negative pressure to the annular oil cylinder of the gun body, so that the gun head retracts to its original horizontal state.

[0113] Step 10: After "Step 9", the control system, under the control of the time delay relay (within 5 seconds), starts the traveling mechanism (sand gun) to find the location of the second sand box on the locomotive; the first sand box, which is filled with sand, implements the time delay sand box cover automatic closing procedure.

[0114] Step 11: Repeat Steps 3 through 8.

[0115] Step 12: After filling the second sand box with sand, the control system starts the program to restore the truss, traveling mechanism, sand gun, and various air valves, solenoid valves, switches, etc. to their initial state; at the same time, the second sand box, which is full of sand, implements the delayed automatic closing program of the sand box cover.

[0116] The above steps constitute all the sand-addition operations for Dongfeng series locomotives. All mechanisms and electrical equipment in the system are in their original standby state, awaiting the next startup.

[0117] Example 2: HXn high-power locomotive.

[0118] Step 1: Activate the corresponding XHn mode (one mode is for one locomotive model). The oil pump drives the jacks on the lower truss to make the truss rise from its original position (lowest position). The sensors on the truss collect the corresponding memory mark information of the column. After reaching the predetermined height, the program is triggered to control the oil pump, so that the truss oil circuit switch is closed and the truss is maintained at the normal working height.

[0119] Step 2: After completing Step 1, continuously (with a time relay delay within 5 seconds) turn on the oil circuit switch of the sand-adding gun cylinder to drive the sand-adding gun cylinder to rotate the gun body from the reset vertical position to the horizontal position.

[0120] Step 3: Activate the motor of the traveling mechanism on the left (or right) side of the truss, driving the traveling mechanism (sand gun) to move along the truss towards the left (or right) end of the locomotive, locating the approximate target position (sand box opening). After the sensor on the sand gun head collects the memory mark information of the sand box opening at the locomotive end (a memory mark is pre-recorded near the sand box), it triggers the control system to shut off the traveling mechanism motor switch. At this time, the sand gun stops its lateral movement, and the sand gun is positioned horizontally outside one end of the locomotive. Note: Because the sand gun is located at both ends of the locomotive, the sensor on the gun head rotates at a certain angle towards the locomotive end to scan or collect the locomotive's memory mark information at an oblique position.

[0121] Step 4: After a delay of about 5 seconds following the completion of "Step 3", start the corresponding oil circuit of the oil pump to pressurize the annular oil cylinder of the gun body, driving the gun body to extend towards the sand box port.

[0122] Step 5: The sand-adding gun sensor collects another memory mark information (image) at the locomotive sand box port, triggering the oil pump and corresponding oil circuit switch to close, stopping the pressurization of the annular oil cylinder. At this time, the gun barrel stops extending, the sand outlet of the gun head faces downward, and the longitudinal direction corresponds to the sand-adding port of the sand box.

[0123] Step Six: The sensors installed at the sand box ports at both ends of the locomotive collect the memory mark information (or the recorded image) of the sand gun head, start the mechanical mechanism of the rotating magnet at the sand box inlet end cover, open the sand box cover to the preset angle, and start the sand box cover delayed closing procedure (the delay is greater than the time of gun head rotation, insertion into the sand box and sand filling).

[0124] Step 7: The sand gun head sensor collects the memory mark information (image) of the sand box sand filling port end cover opening status again, triggers and starts the traction electromagnet at the gun barrel, drives the gun head to rotate towards the sand box port, so that the gun head sand outlet is aligned with the locomotive sand box sand filling port.

[0125] Step 8: After completing Step 7, delay for 5 seconds, start the truss traveling mechanism program to move the sand gun towards the locomotive (the sand outlet of the gun head moves towards the sand box port of the locomotive).

[0126] Step 9: The sand gun head sensor collects the memory mark information (image) of the state of the sand gun head about to be inserted into the sand box of the locomotive. The operation program of the truss traveling mechanism is started and closed, so that the sand gun stops moving laterally. At this time, the sand outlet of the gun head has been inserted into the sand box port of the locomotive, and the gun body is in the state of preparing to add sand.

[0127] Step 10: After a 5-second delay following the completion of "Step 9", simultaneously start the motor switches related to the air cylinder and material pneumatic conveyor, and open the electromagnetic air valves, electromagnetic ball valves, and gun head electromagnetic ball valves of the air supply pipe and sand conveying pipe to add sand to the sand box.

[0128] Step 11: The gun head sensor collects the status memory information of the sand box port being filled with sand (90%) again, triggering the synchronous start of the air cylinder, the motor switches of the material pneumatic conveyor, and the closing procedures of the electromagnetic air valve, electromagnetic ball valve and gun head electromagnetic ball valve of the air supply pipeline and sand conveying pipeline, stopping the addition of sand to the sand box.

[0129] Step 12: After "Step 11", the control system starts the reset procedure, which includes the following steps: gun head rotation, outward movement of the traveling mechanism (sand gun) (relative to the locomotive end), gun barrel retraction, gun body erection from the horizontal position, truss descent, and the traveling mechanism (sand gun) returning to its original position. The sand box end cover, which is filled with sand, is automatically closed after a delay.

[0130] The above steps complete all operations for adding sand to the HXn series locomotive. All mechanisms and electrical equipment in the system are in their original standby or off state, awaiting the next startup.

[0131] As described above, the embodiments of the present invention provide an automatic sanding system for locomotive anti-skid sanding, which has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0132] 1. The sand transport system at the platform still adopts a pneumatic conveying system. Compared with the positive and negative air pressure used in the existing technology, the air pressure in this design is positive pressure, supplemented by tracing pipe pressurization. The sand transport pipeline and the pressurization tracing pipe both use a single air storage cylinder. The pressure of the sand transport pipeline is slightly lower than that of the pressurization tracing pipe, thus simplifying the pneumatic conveying system.

[0133] 2. An air vent is installed in the middle section of the conveying pipeline, and a water film dust removal device is installed.

[0134] 3. The ground section of the sand-filling hose on the platform is equipped with casters, which allow for flexible and free movement, avoid friction with the ground, and extend the service life of the hose.

[0135] 4. A flared guard is installed at the junction of the sand conveying hose and the sand conveying gun body to prevent the sand conveying hose from being damaged due to its small radius of curvature when it is bent up and down or left and right.

[0136] 5. This conveying pipeline is arranged as a four-channel conveying system, evenly arranged on both sides of the locomotive, which can simultaneously carry out sand adding operations on the locomotive.

[0137] 6. The system of this invention requires a one-time investment. The materials, equipment, electrical components, etc. used in the system are all universal. Compared with the more advanced sand-adding systems currently available, the manufacturing cost is low, the degree of automation is high, the operation is reliable, and the maintenance is convenient. If it is widely applied, it can save a lot of labor costs, greatly improve the efficiency of operation, and reduce the unnecessary fuel and time costs of long sand-adding time for locomotives. It will bring about a major change in the field of sand-adding for railway locomotives.

[0138] This invention presents two sand-adding modes, exemplified by the sides of Dongfeng series locomotives and the ends of HXn locomotives. Research indicates that the sand boxes for freight electric locomotives such as the Shaoshan and Harmony series, passenger electric locomotives such as the Harmony series, and all diesel locomotives except for the high-power HXn type are also located on the sides of the locomotives. The sand box openings for high-speed Harmony and Fuxing bullet trains are also located on the sides of the carriages. Therefore, this invention's sand-adding system is fully representative and can be designed into corresponding modes according to regional locomotive models in China, providing fully automated, efficient, and precise sand-adding services for locomotives. Thus, this invention has excellent application prospects.

[0139] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0140] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An automatic sanding system for a locomotive anti-skid sanding system, comprising: The application relates to a sand conveying pneumatic pipeline system, a sand adding mechanical operation system and automatic program hard software. The sand conveying pneumatic pipeline system comprises a sand storage tower, a wind storage tank and a conveying pipeline; the conveying pipeline comprises a sand conveying pipeline and a booster companion pipeline which is laid on one side of the sand conveying pipeline and is connected with the sand conveying pipeline at every interval at a preset distance. The sand adding mechanical operation system comprises a truss, a sand adding gun and a walking mechanism; the truss is a liftable truss; the truss is arranged at both sides of a target vehicle, the walking mechanism is arranged on a main beam of the truss, and the sand adding gun is arranged on the walking mechanism. One end of the conveying pipeline is connected with the sand storage tower and the wind storage tank, and the other end of the conveying pipeline is connected with the tail end of the sand adding gun. The automatic program hard software comprises a positioning sensor and a control program; the positioning sensor is arranged in the sand adding mechanical operation system and is used for identifying the relative position of the sand adding gun and the target vehicle; and the control program is used for controlling the sand adding of the sand tank of the target vehicle by the vehicle anti-skid sand automatic sand adding system. A motor and a gearbox are arranged below the sand adding gun, a driving wheel is driven by a chain or a belt to drive the motor base and the gun body to move leftward and rightward on the truss. A sand adding sensor is arranged at the sand adding port position of the sand tank of the target vehicle, and a transmission mechanism is connected with the end cover of the sand tank. The sand adding sensor is used for sending a trigger signal to the transmission mechanism when the sand adding gun port of the sand adding gun reaches the sand adding port position of the sand tank. The transmission mechanism is used for controlling the opening of the end cover after responding to the trigger signal. One end of the sand conveying pipeline is connected with the wind storage tank, the tail end of the sand conveying pipeline is connected with one end of a sand conveying hose, and the other end of the sand conveying hose is connected with the tail end of the sand adding gun.

2. The automatic sanding system for locomotive anti-slip sanding of claim 1, wherein: One end of the booster companion pipeline is connected with the wind storage tank, and the other end of the booster companion pipeline is connected with the tail end of the sand conveying hose. The booster companion pipeline is used for uniformly boosting the pressure of the sand conveying pipeline. The included angle between the booster companion pipeline and the sand conveying pipeline is less than 45 degrees, and the wind pressure in the booster companion pipeline is greater than the wind pressure in the sand conveying pipeline.

3. The automatic sanding system for locomotive anti-slip sand of claim 2, wherein: A run-off pipeline is further arranged at the rear section of the sand conveying pipeline, and the port of the run-off pipeline is connected with a dust removal well.

4. The automatic sanding system for locomotive anti-slip sand of claim 2, wherein: The run-off pipeline is used for controlling the flow rate of the anti-skid sand in the sand conveying pipeline. The dust removal well is used for adsorbing the dust in the run-off pipeline. Universal wheel resistance reduction components are arranged at intervals on the ground part of the sand conveying hose, which are used for reducing the friction between the sand conveying hose and the ground when the truss drags the sand conveying hose.

5. The automatic sanding system for locomotive anti-slip sand of claim 2, wherein: The main beam of the truss is made of an I-shaped steel material, and the direction of the main beam is parallel to the direction of the vehicle body of the target vehicle.

6. The automatic knuckle-dusting system for locomotives of claim 1, wherein: A jack is arranged at the lower end of the truss, which is used for adjusting the height of the truss. The tail end of the sand adding gun is composed of an inner ring steel pipe and an outer ring steel pipe; the end of the inner ring steel pipe is connected with the sand conveying pipeline through a sand conveying hose, and the cavity between the inner ring steel pipe and the outer ring steel pipe forms an annular oil cylinder cavity.

7. The automatic knuckle-dusting system for locomotives of claim 1, wherein: ​ The middle barrel of the sand adding gun is inserted into the annular oil cylinder cavity, and is driven by an external oil pump to move in and out along the annular oil cylinder cavity. The gun head of the sand adding gun is a rotatable gun head.

8. The automatic knuckle-dusting system for locomotives of claim 1, wherein: The positioning sensor is a video positioning sensor.

9. The automatic locomotive sanding system of claim 8, wherein: The positioning sensor is arranged on the truss and the gun head of the sand adding gun respectively. Memory marks are arranged on the inside of the column of the truss and the sand box of the target locomotive. The memory marks are used for positioning in cooperation with the video positioning sensor.

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