Microbial fermentation device and method for producing microbial composition using the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a microbial fermentation device, comprising: a fermentation tank body (1), a tank cover (2), an aeration device, a fermentation liquid collecting device (6) and a fermentation material arranged in the fermentation tank body (1), wherein the fermentation tank body (1) is provided with an air outlet (10); the fermentation material comprises: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, and 1 part of an optional straw composting agent, and an optional fermentation liquid or water accounting for 120 to 170wt% of the straw; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline (3) arranged in the fermentation tank body (1); the fermentation liquid collecting device (6) is arranged outside the fermentation tank body (1) and is connected to the lower part of the fermentation tank body (1) through a pipeline. The microbial fermentation device can be used to produce a safe and efficient microbial composition dedicated to planting green leafy vegetables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of microbial devices, in particular to a microbial fermentation device and a method for producing a microbial composition using the device, wherein the produced microbial composition can also be called compost. The present invention also relates to a microbial composition and a method for planting green leafy vegetables using the device. Background Art

[0002] How to efficiently and greenly utilize straw resources is a major difficulty in current agricultural production. Composting straw under aerobic conditions is a way to utilize straw resources, which can degrade lignin and cellulose in straw and eventually form compost products. However, there are many problems with existing straw composting methods, such as the slow fermentation speed due to insufficient oxygen content during the fermentation process. There is no report in the prior art that fish meal is used as a compost raw material. In the prior art, chicken manure and straw are usually used to produce compost, and the main bacteria are Firmicutes, and the main fungi are Aspergillus, among which Aspergillus is highly pathogenic to the human body, and there are hidden dangers in production safety. Moreover, the composting of the prior art usually adopts the method of natural fermentation, which is greatly affected by natural conditions, and the fermented materials are easily scattered when they are processed into powder, and long-term outdoor fermentation cannot be achieved. Moreover, a large amount of ammonia is produced during the fermentation process, which is not only easy to cause air pollution under natural conditions, but also causes a large amount of nitrogen loss. A microbial fermentation device is needed that can ferment safely, efficiently and quickly to overcome at least one of the above defects.

[0003] There are many types of green leafy vegetables that are cruciferous plants. Take Chinese cabbage as an example. Chinese cabbage is a vegetable that is eaten with its flower stalks. It has a tender texture and is one of the important vegetables. Chinese cabbage has a short planting cycle and requires a large amount of fertilizer. The traditional method of applying a large amount of compound fertilizer can easily cause soil compaction and salinization, affecting the root growth and photosynthetic efficiency of Chinese cabbage, and having a serious impact on yield. In addition, because traditional fertilization methods often only focus on the application of macroelements, the vegetable fields lack trace elements and the quality of Chinese cabbage decreases. Therefore, a special fertilizer that can meet the fertilizer requirements of Chinese cabbage and improve the soil in the vegetable field is needed. A microbial fertilizer is needed to overcome at least one of the above defects. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a microbial fermentation device and a method for producing a microbial composition using the same. Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description or may be learned in part from the practice of the present invention.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention,

[0006] Embodiment 1. A microbial fermentation device, comprising:

[0007] A fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device, a fermentation liquid collecting device 6 and fermentation materials arranged in the fermentation tank body 1,

[0008] The fermentation tank body 1 is provided with a gas outlet 10;

[0009] The fermentation material comprises: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, and 1 part of an optional straw composting agent, and optionally a fermentation liquid or water accounting for 120 to 170 wt% of the straw;

[0010] The aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1;

[0011] The fermentation liquid collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and is connected to the lower part of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline.

[0012] Embodiment 2. A microbial fermentation device according to embodiment 1, wherein the gas outlet 10 is at least one selected from the following: an opening with an area of ​​1 to 16 square centimeters, an opening with an area of ​​4 to 9 square centimeters, a circular opening with a diameter of 1 to 4 cm, a circular opening with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm, a square opening with a side length of 1 to 4 cm, and a square opening with a side length of 2 to 3 cm; the area of ​​the tank cover 2 is greater than 100 square centimeters.

[0013] Embodiment 3. According to the microbial fermentation device described in embodiment 1, the aeration and oxygen supply device includes an oxygen pump and a flow meter, the aeration pipe 3 includes a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe, the vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe are interconnected, the oxygen pump and the flow meter are arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1, and are connected to the aeration pipe 3, wherein aeration holes are arranged on the lower side of the horizontal pipe, and the interval between adjacent aeration holes is 1 cm to 3 cm.

[0014] Embodiment 4. According to the microbial fermentation device described in embodiment 3, the aeration holes are at least one selected from the following: openings with an area of ​​1 to 16 square millimeters, openings with an area of ​​4 to 9 square millimeters, circular openings with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm, circular openings with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm, square openings with a side length of 1 to 4 mm, and square openings with a side length of 2 to 3 mm.

[0015] If the aeration holes are too large, materials will easily enter the pipe and cause blockage. If the aeration holes are too small, the air outlet efficiency is not high. The air outlet efficiency of vertical pipes is not high, and vertical pipes are prone to blockage. Drilling holes under the crossbar is not easy to block. Drilling holes only at the bottom can achieve the effect of drilling holes in all areas. Drilling holes at the bottom can meet the air distribution required for fermentation. The most preferred aeration hole diameter is 2.5mm and the interval is 2cm.

[0016] Embodiment 5. The microbial fermentation device according to embodiment 1 further comprises a temperature sensor and an optional compost turning device arranged inside the fermentation material, and an insulation layer 8 arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1. The interior described in this application refers to the middle part of the fermentation material, which is the area that best reflects the fermentation status of the raw materials. In some embodiments, three temperature sensors are arranged at the top, middle and bottom.

[0017] Embodiment 6. According to the microbial fermentation device described in Embodiment 1, it also includes a humidity sensor arranged inside the fermentation material in the fermentation tank body 1.

[0018] Embodiment 7. According to the microbial fermentation device described in Embodiment 5, the compost turning device includes a fixing device, a transmission device and a fan blade, the fan blade is fixed to the middle of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank body 1 by the fixing device, and the transmission device is connected to the fan blade, so that when the transmission device transfers kinetic energy to the fan blade, the fan blade can rotate to turn the fermentation material.

[0019] Embodiment 8. According to the microbial fermentation device described in Embodiment 1, a heat-insulating layer is provided outside the fermentation tank body 1.

[0020] Embodiment 9. A microbial fermentation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the volume of the fermentation tank body 1 is 80 to 500 liters, and the aeration device can provide an aeration amount of 1 / 20 to 1 / 5 volume / minute of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1.

[0021] Embodiment 10. A microbial fermentation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the fish meal contains greater than or equal to 60% protein; and the straw is selected from wheat straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, corn straw, rape straw, cotton straw, sugarcane straw, and soybean straw.

[0022] Embodiment 11. A method for producing a microbial composition, the method comprising:

[0023] Step 1, providing a microbial fermentation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, comprising: a fermentation tank body 1, an aeration device, and a fermentation liquid collecting device 6, wherein the fermentation tank body 1 is provided with an air outlet 10; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation liquid collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and connected to the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline, and the aeration device of the microbial fermentation device is started to enable the aeration device to provide an aeration amount of 1 / 20 to 1 / 15 volume / minute of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1;

[0024] Step 2: Add fermentation material into the fermentation tank 1 for fermentation. The fermentation material is a mixture of the following substances: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, 1 part of straw composting agent, and water or fermentation liquid accounting for 120 to 170 wt% of the straw, and the fermentation material accounts for 50 to 90 vol% of the volume of the fermentation tank 1, so that the fermentation material covers the aeration pipe 3;

[0025] Step 3: After waiting for the fermentation to end, the fermentation product, namely the microbial composition, is taken out from the fermentation tank 1.

[0026] Embodiment 12. The method for producing a microbial composition according to embodiment 11, wherein the straw is a product processed as follows: the straw is crushed into 0.2-2 mm fragments, and soaked in 1 to 4% acetic acid at room temperature for 10 to 48 hours, and then taken out and naturally air-dried.

[0027] Embodiment 13. The method for producing a microbial composition according to embodiment 11, further comprising:

[0028] Step 4: Add 1 part of EM bacteria stock solution, 1-5 parts of trace element components, and 1-10 parts of plant synergist components to the microbial composition and mix them to obtain a microbial composition specifically for green leafy vegetables.

[0029] Embodiment 14. The method for producing a microbial composition according to embodiment 11 further includes: in step 2, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature inside the fermentation tank body 1 is maintained above 50°C for 5 consecutive days, if the humidity sensor detects that the humidity is greater than 60%, the tank cover is opened to allow the aeration device to provide an aeration amount of 1 / 12 to 1 / 5 of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1 per minute for 24-36 hours.

[0030] Embodiment 15. The method for producing a microbial composition according to embodiment 11 further comprises: in step 2, turning the compost 36-48 hours after the start of fermentation when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is greater than 65°C or less than 50°C.

[0031] Embodiment 16. The method for producing a microbial composition according to embodiment 11 further includes: in step three, 10 to 20 days after the start of fermentation, when the temperature sensor detects a temperature of less than or equal to 37°C, the fermentation can be confirmed to be complete.

[0032] Embodiment 17. A method according to embodiment 13, wherein the bacterial content of the EM bacteria stock solution is ≥ 200 million / mL; the trace element components include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate, and ammonium molybdate mixed in a ratio of 20:15:10:10:10:2; the plant synergist components include ectoine, Moringa leaf extract, and brown algae oligosaccharides mixed in a ratio of 50:10:1.

[0033] Embodiment 18. The method for producing a microbial composition according to embodiment 11 further comprises: collecting the fermentation liquid at the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 by the fermentation liquid collecting device 6 during the period from 48 hours after the start of fermentation to the end of fermentation for use in the next fermentation.

[0034] The present invention also provides a microbial composition and a method for growing green leafy vegetables using the microbial composition, comprising the following contents.

[0035] Scheme 1. A microbial composition comprising:

[0036] Bacterial flora, fungal flora, and organic matter, including

[0037] The first dominant bacteria of the bacterial flora are Actinobacteriota, the second dominant bacteria are Proteobacteria, and the third dominant bacteria are Firmicutes;

[0038] The first dominant fungus of the fungal flora is the genus Mycothermus, and the second dominant fungus is the genus Aspergillus;

[0039] The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matter is 5:1 to 25:1.

[0040] Scheme 2. The microbial composition according to Scheme 1, wherein

[0041] In the bacterial flora, the first dominant bacteria Actinobacteriota accounts for 20 to 40%, the second dominant bacteria Proteobacteria accounts for 20 to 40%, and the third dominant bacteria Firmicutes accounts for 10 to 30%.

[0042] Scheme 3. The microbial composition according to Scheme 1, wherein

[0043] In the bacterial flora, the first dominant bacteria Actinobacteriota accounts for 25 to 35%, the second dominant bacteria Proteobacteria accounts for 25 to 35%, and the third dominant bacteria Firmicutes accounts for 15 to 25%.

[0044] Scheme 4. The microbial composition according to Scheme 1, wherein

[0045] In the fungal flora, the first dominant fungus is the genus Mycothermus, accounting for 50% to 90%, and the second dominant fungus is the genus Aspergillus, accounting for 10% to 40%.

[0046] Scheme 5. The microbial composition according to Scheme 1, wherein

[0047] The first dominant fungus was the thermophilic fungus (Mycothermus), accounting for 60% to 85%, and the second dominant fungus was the Aspergillus, accounting for 18% to 30%.

[0048] Option 6. A microbial composition according to Option 1, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matter is 10:1 to 20:1.

[0049] Scheme 7. The microbial composition according to Scheme 1, wherein the microbial composition has the following properties:

[0050] pH 6.8 to 7.1;

[0051] EC values ​​range from 2.3 to 3;

[0052] E4 / E6: 2.2 to 2.8;

[0053] The organic matter content is 50% to 70%;

[0054] GI is greater than 80%;

[0055] Total nitrogen is 1.8% to 3%;

[0056] P2O5% is 0.6% to 0.9%;

[0057] K2O% is 2% to 5%;

[0058] Total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O(%) is 4 to 10%

[0059] Total lead mg / kg is less than 4mg / kg;

[0060] Total cadmium mg / kg is less than 0.5mg / kg;

[0061] Total arsenic mg / kg is less than 7mg / kg;

[0062] The total mercury mg / kg is less than 2mg / kg.

[0063] GI may be greater than 100%, which means the relative germination rate of seeds. When it is greater than 80%, it meets the NY / T 525-2021 standard. When it is greater than 100%, it means that it is not only non-toxic but also promotes seed germination. The larger the value, the less toxic the compost.

[0064] Scheme 8. The microbial composition according to Scheme 1, wherein the microbial composition has the following properties:

[0065] pH 6.9 to 7.0;

[0066] EC values ​​range from 2.5 to 2.7;

[0067] E4 / E6: 2.2 to 2.6;

[0068] The organic matter content is 55% to 60%;

[0069] GI is greater than 88%;

[0070] Total nitrogen is 1.9% to 2%;

[0071] P2O5% is 0.78% to 0.88%;

[0072] K2O% is 3% to 3.5%;

[0073] Total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O(%) is 5 to 7%

[0074] Total lead mg / kg is less than 3.5mg / kg;

[0075] Total cadmium mg / kg is less than 0.4 mg / kg;

[0076] Total arsenic mg / kg is less than 6mg / kg;

[0077] The total mercury mg / kg is less than 1mg / kg.

[0078] Scheme 9. The microbial composition according to Scheme 1 further includes EM bacterial stock solution, trace element components, and plant synergist components, wherein the bacterial content of the EM bacterial stock solution is ≥ 200 million / mL; the trace element components include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate, and ammonium molybdate mixed in a ratio of 20:15:10:10:10:2; the plant synergist component includes icosin, Moringa leaf extract, and brown algae oligosaccharides mixed in a ratio of 50:10:1.

[0079] Scheme 10. The microbial composition according to Scheme 1, which is prepared by the following method:

[0080] Step 1, providing a microbial fermentation device, comprising: a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device, and a fermentation liquid collecting device 6, wherein the fermentation tank body 1 is provided with an air outlet 10; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation liquid collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and connected to the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline, and the aeration device of the microbial fermentation device is started to provide an aeration volume of 1 / 20 to 1 / 15 volume / minute of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1;

[0081] Step 2: Fermentation material is added into the fermentation tank 1 for fermentation, wherein the fermentation material is a mixture of the following substances: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, 1 part of straw composting agent, and water and fermentation liquid accounting for 120 to 170 wt% of the straw, the fermentation material accounts for 50 to 90 vol% of the volume of the fermentation tank 1, and the fermentation material covers the aeration pipe 3;

[0082] Step 3: After waiting for the fermentation to end, the fermentation product, namely the microbial composition, is taken out from the fermentation tank 1.

[0083] Option 11. The microbial composition according to Option 1, wherein the organic matter is selected from at least one of the following: organic fermentation products, peat, peat, or a combination thereof.

[0084] Scheme 12. A method for growing leafy vegetables, characterized in that the leafy vegetables are grown using the microbial composition described in any one of Schemes 1 to 9 as a base fertilizer.

[0085] Option 13. The method according to Option 12, characterized in that the application amount of the microbial composition is 800 to 2000 kg / ha.

[0086] Scheme 14. The method according to Scheme 13 is characterized in that 15-15-15 compound fertilizer is also applied during the growth cycle of the green leafy vegetables.

[0087] Embodiment 15. The method according to embodiment 12, wherein the green leafy vegetables are cruciferous vegetables.

[0088] Option 16. The method according to Option 12, wherein the green leafy vegetables are selected from choy sum, Chinese cabbage, kale, lettuce, mustard greens, lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage.

[0089] The specific functions of different structures in the microbial fermentation device of the present application are described in detail as follows: the tank body is used to fill the fermentation material; the tank cover is used to seal the tank body during fermentation to prevent foreign objects from falling into it and to prevent the material and temperature on the upper part of the tank body from being lost; the tank body insulation layer is located outside the tank body, which is used to keep the tank body warm during the straw fermentation process and extend the high temperature duration of the fermentation so that the material is fully decomposed; the aeration pipeline is in the shape of a "U" and is placed in the middle of the tank body, and small holes are evenly opened at the lower part of the pipeline cross pipe to supply oxygen to the material in the middle of the tank body so that the straw is fully decomposed, while preventing the pre-decomposed straw from clogging the aeration pipeline; the aeration oxygen supply device is mainly used to provide oxygen for aerobic fermentation of the material inside the tank body; the flow meter is used to quantitatively monitor and control the oxygen supply flow rate and flow rate; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are placed in the center of the fermentation material in the tank body to monitor the temperature change during the aerobic fermentation of the material; the fermentation liquid collection device is connected to the lower part of the fermentation tank for collecting the waste liquid generated during the fermentation process, and the collection tank may include a water-proof iron mesh and a fermentation liquid collector; the air inlet is located at the lower part of the tank body for oxygen supply, and the air outlet is located at the upper part of the tank body for discharging the waste gas generated during the fermentation process. The device uses a semi-enclosed tank, which can effectively prevent the fermented materials straw and fish meal from flying around and causing secondary pollution, while avoiding the impact of miscellaneous bacteria on the compost. It is easy to operate, has a fast decomposition speed, and a high degree of decomposition. It is specially suitable for the fermentation of fish meal and straw, and can effectively prevent the scattering of fish meal and broken straw, while reducing the spread of odor and pollution of the environment. It can enhance the activity of beneficial microorganisms through forced aeration and static heat preservation fermentation, improve the fermentation quality, and shorten the fermentation time. The aeration pipe can provide sufficient oxygen for the compost, greatly improving the fermentation efficiency. The fermentation of fish meal and rice straw can form a microbial community with Actinobacteriota (Actinobacteria) as the dominant bacteria and Mycothermus (Thermomycetes) as the dominant fungus, which not only has a better decomposition effect of lignocellulose, but also has less harm to the human body. It should be noted that the microbial flora in the present application is derived from microorganisms that exist in fermentation raw materials such as straw, fish meal, straw composting agent, fermentation liquid, etc. When the temperature and humidity are suitable, the microorganisms will begin to multiply in large numbers. The physical and chemical properties of different composting raw materials are different, resulting in different microbial community structures.

[0090] The present invention provides a method for producing a microbial composition, which adopts the microbial fermentation device described in the present application to perform composting treatment, and enhances the activity of beneficial microorganisms, improves the fermentation quality, and shortens the fermentation time through forced aeration and static heat preservation fermentation. The produced microbial composition can be used as a bacterial fertilizer to effectively increase the humus of the soil, promote crop growth and enhance the stress resistance of cruciferous green leafy vegetables, improve the photosynthesis capacity of vegetables, and at the same time solve the problem of insufficient nitrogen and trace elements in the crop cultivation process, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity and air permeability of the soil, enhance rhizosphere activity, and effectively restore the soil aggregate structure.

[0091] The microbial fermentation device provided by the present application can not only effectively prevent the scattering of fish meal and straw when producing a microbial composition, but also reduce the spread of odor and pollution of the environment. It can enhance the activity of beneficial microorganisms through forced aeration and static heat preservation fermentation, improve the fermentation quality, shorten the fermentation time, increase the nitrogen content in the microbial composition, and reduce nitrogen loss. The microbial composition of the present invention is used as a fertilizer for cruciferous green leafy vegetables, which can effectively increase the humus of the soil, promote crop growth and enhance the stress resistance of green leafy vegetables, improve the photosynthesis capacity of green leafy vegetables, significantly increase biomass, and solve the problem of insufficient nitrogen and trace elements in the process of crop cultivation, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity and air permeability of the soil, enhance rhizosphere activity, and effectively restore the soil aggregate structure.

[0092] In addition, the technical solution of the present invention also brings many other advantages, which will be described in detail in the specific implementation manner.

[0093] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary only and are not restrictive of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0094] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0095] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a microbial fermentation device according to the present application;

[0096] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an aeration pipeline in a microbial fermentation device according to the present application;

[0097] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a microbial composition prepared according to the method of the present application;

[0098] Figure 4 is a diagram of the bacterial community structure in the microbial composition according to the present application;

[0099] Figure 5 is a diagram of the fungal community structure in the microbial composition according to the present application;

[0100] Figure 6 This is the effect picture of the potted plant experiment ( Figure 6 Comparison of growing Chinese cabbage with sterile fertilizer (left) and growing Chinese cabbage with bacterial fertilizer (right);

[0101] Figure 7 This is the effect diagram of the field fertilizer test;

[0102] Figure 8 This is a picture showing the effect of a compost field fertilizer test.

[0103] Figure 1: fermentation tank body; 2: tank cover; 3: aeration pipe; 4: flow meter; 5: liquid outlet; 6: fermentation liquid collecting device; 7: support leg; 8: insulation layer; 9: temperature sensor; 10: air outlet; 11: air inlet; 12: oxygen pump; 13: air inlet pipe; 14: horizontal pipe; 15: vertical pipe; 16: opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0104] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be comprehensive and complete and fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar parts, and thus their repeated description will be omitted.

[0105] In addition, the described features, structures or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. In the following description, many specific details are provided to provide a full understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solution of the present invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, devices, steps, etc. may be adopted. In other cases, known methods, devices, implementations or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid blurring various aspects of the present invention.

[0106] One aspect of the present invention provides a microbial fermentation device, which comprises: a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device, a fermentation liquid collection device 6 and a fermentation material arranged in the fermentation tank body 1, wherein the fermentation tank body 1 is provided with an air outlet 10; the fermentation material comprises a mixture of the following substances: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, and 1 part of an optional straw composting agent, and an optional fermentation liquid or water accounting for 120 to 170 wt% of the straw; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation liquid collection device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and connected to the lower part of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline. In the microbial fermentation device, the fermentation material fish meal is powdery, and the straw can be straw broken into 0.2-2 mm fragments, or can be a product treated as follows: the straw is broken into 0.2-2 mm fragments, and soaked in 1 to 4% acetic acid at room temperature for 10 to 48 hours, and then fished out and naturally air-dried. Powdered materials are easy to mix evenly and are convenient for fermentation. The fermentation liquid obtained from the previous fermentation can be used as water for the next fermentation. The weight of the fermentation liquid and water is mutually replaceable, as long as the final water content reaches 60-65%. Since the fermentation liquid contains the fungi required for fermentation, the solution of using the fermentation liquid will speed up the efficiency of the fermentation device. The term "fish meal" in this application has the meaning known to those skilled in the art, also known as "fish bone meal", which is a high-quality organic fertilizer made from fish through a series of processing.

[0107] A specific example of the microbial fermentation device of the present application is Figure 1 As shown. The specific functions of different structures in the microbial fermentation device of the present application are described in detail as follows: the tank body is used to fill the fermentation material. When the fermentation material is loaded into the tank body, it is naturally stacked, and no pressure is deliberately applied to it to make it tight; the tank cover is used to seal the tank body during fermentation to prevent foreign objects from falling into it and to prevent the loss of materials and temperature in the upper part of the tank body; the tank body insulation layer is located on the outside of the tank body, which is used to keep the tank body warm during the straw fermentation process and to extend the high-temperature fermentation period so that the material can be fully decomposed; the aeration pipe is in the shape of a "U" and is placed in the middle of the tank body. Small holes are evenly opened at the bottom of the pipe cross pipe to supply oxygen to the material in the middle of the tank body so that the straw can be fully decomposed, while preventing the pre-decomposed straw from clogging the aeration pipe. A specific aeration pipe of the present application is as follows Figure 2As shown in ; the aeration oxygen supply device is mainly used to provide oxygen to the aerobic fermentation of the material inside the tank; the flow meter is used to quantitatively monitor and control the oxygen supply flow rate and flow rate; the temperature sensor and humidity sensor are placed in the center of the fermented material in the tank to monitor the temperature change during the aerobic fermentation of the material; the fermentation liquid collection device is connected to the lower part of the fermentation tank to collect the waste liquid generated during the fermentation process, and the collection tank may include a waterproof iron mesh and a fermentation liquid collector; the air inlet is located at the lower part of the tank for oxygen supply, and the air outlet is located at the upper part of the tank for exhausting the waste gas generated during the fermentation process. The device uses a semi-closed tank body, which can effectively prevent the fermentation material straw and fish meal from flying and causing secondary pollution, and at the same time avoid the influence of miscellaneous bacteria on the compost. The aeration pipe can provide sufficient oxygen for the compost and greatly improve the fermentation efficiency. The fermentation of fish meal and rice straw can form a microbial community with Actinobacteriota (Actinobacteria) as the dominant bacteria and Mycothermus (Thermomycetes) as the dominant fungus, which not only has a better decomposition effect of lignocellulose, but also has less harm to the human body. The present application Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary microbial composition prepared according to the method of the present application, from Figure 3 It can be seen that the microbial composition prepared by the method of the present application is brown and fluffy, and its surface may have some white substances. Figure 4 is a bacterial community structure diagram in the microbial composition of the present application, from Figure 4 It can be seen that the bacteria in the microbial composition according to the present application mainly include the first dominant bacteria Actinobacteriota (Actinobacteria), the second dominant bacteria Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria), and the third dominant bacteria Firmicutes (Fimicutes), in addition to Bacteroidota (Bacteroidota), Myxococcota (Myxococcota), Gemmatimonadota (Gemmatimonadota), Chloroflexi (Chioroflexi), Halanaerobiaeota (Halanaerobiaeota) and Deinococcota (Deinococcota). Figure 5 is a fungal community structure diagram in the microbial composition of the present application, from Figure 5 It can be seen that the fungi in the microbial composition of the present application mainly include the first dominant fungus being the thermophilic fungus genus (Mycothermus), the second dominant fungus being the genus Aspergillus, and also include some other fungi with a lower proportion.

[0108] In the microbial fermentation device, there is no particular restriction on the arrangement of the gas outlet and the tank cover, as long as the effect described in the present application can be achieved. In some embodiments, the gas outlet 10 of the microbial fermentation device is selected from at least one of the following: an opening with an area of ​​1 to 16 square centimeters, an opening with an area of ​​4 to 9 square centimeters, a circular opening with a diameter of 1 to 4 cm, a circular opening with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm, a square opening with a side length of 1 to 4 cm, and a square opening with a side length of 2 to 3 cm; the area of ​​the tank cover 2 is more than 100 square centimeters. The gas outlet 10 should not be too large, because the gas outlet 10 needs to keep the entire fermentation device in a semi-closed state to prevent the fermented material from flying. In some embodiments, a filter screen can be set at the gas outlet 10 to prevent the material from flying. The area of ​​the tank cover should not be too small, because the tank cover is used to load the fermentation material and is usually set in the middle of the upper part of the fermentation tank body. At the same time, the temperature and humidity sensors need to be set through the tank cover. In some cases, the tank cover may need to be opened during the fermentation process to adjust the progress of microbial fermentation.

[0109] The aeration and oxygen supply device described in this application is not particularly limited, as long as it can meet the oxygen supply requirements described in this application. In some embodiments, the aeration and oxygen supply device of the microbial fermentation device includes an oxygen pump and a flowmeter, the aeration pipeline 3 includes a vertical pipeline and a horizontal pipeline, the vertical pipeline and the horizontal pipeline are interconnected, the oxygen pump and the flowmeter are arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1, and are connected to the aeration pipeline 3, wherein the lower side of the horizontal pipeline is provided with aeration holes, and the interval between adjacent aeration holes is 1cm to 3cm. The applicant unexpectedly found that under the microbial fermentation conditions described in this application, the aeration holes are set on the vertical pipeline, or the aeration holes are set on the upper part or side of the horizontal pipeline. It is easy to be blocked, which seriously affects the aeration operation. In the case where the aeration holes are set on the lower side of the horizontal pipeline, the aeration holes are not easily blocked by the fermentation material, so that the aeration amount can be maintained, and it is easy to control the aeration amount according to the actual situation.

[0110] In some embodiments, the aeration holes of the microbial fermentation device of the present application are selected from at least one of the following: openings with an area of ​​1 to 16 square millimeters, openings with an area of ​​4 to 9 square millimeters, circular openings with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm, circular openings with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm, square openings with a side length of 1 to 4 mm, and square openings with a side length of 2 to 3 mm. The aeration holes cannot be too large. If they are too large, the fermentation materials are likely to enter the pipeline and cause blockage. The aeration holes cannot be too small. If they are too small, the gas outlet efficiency is not high. The applicant unexpectedly found that only drilling holes under the horizontal pipeline can meet the oxygen distribution required for fermentation, that is, the aeration of the horizontal pipeline can most effectively provide the required oxygen in the entire fermentation material. In a specific embodiment, the aeration holes can be set as circular holes with a diameter of 2.5 mm and a spacing of 2 cm.

[0111] In some embodiments, the microbial fermentation device of the present application further includes a temperature sensor and an optional turning device arranged inside the fermentation material, as well as an insulation layer arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1. The interior described in the present application refers to the middle of the fermentation material (usually, in three dimensions, except for 20% of the edge, the rest can be called the middle of the fermentation material, for example, 1 cubic meter of fermentation material with a side length of 1 meter, the middle can be the 60cm*60cm*60cm area in the middle of the fermentation material, similarly, the area below 20% from the top surface of the fermentation material is the upper part, and the area below 20% from the bottom surface of the fermentation material is the lower part), and the temperature sensor is arranged here to best reflect the fermentation status of the raw material. In some embodiments, three temperature sensors can be arranged in the fermentation material, namely, the upper, middle and lower ones.

[0112] In some embodiments, the microbial fermentation device of the present application further comprises a humidity sensor disposed inside the fermentation material in the fermentation tank 1. The setting requirements of the humidity sensor are similar to those of the temperature sensor. The humidity sensor and temperature sensor in the middle of the fermentation material are the ones that can best reflect the fermentation conditions in the fermentation material.

[0113] In some embodiments, the compost turning device of the microbial fermentation device of the present application includes a fixing device, a transmission device and a fan blade, wherein the fan blade is fixed to the middle of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank body 1 by the fixing device, and the transmission device is connected to the fan blade, so that when the transmission device transmits kinetic energy to the fan blade, the fan blade can rotate to turn the fermentation material. In order not to damage the temperature and humidity sensor during compost turning, the temperature and humidity sensor can be removed first to turn the compost, and then the temperature and humidity sensor can be placed.

[0114] In some embodiments, the fermentation tank body 1 of the microbial fermentation device described in the present application is provided with an insulation layer on the outside. The insulation layer is used to keep the tank body warm during the straw fermentation process, prolong the high temperature duration of the fermentation, and allow the material to fully decompose. There is no limitation on the material of the insulation layer, and those commonly known to those skilled in the art can be used, such as various foam boards, or even wooden boards.

[0115] There is no particular restriction on the volume of the fermentation tank body 1 of the microbial fermentation device of the present application, and there is no particular restriction on the size of the aeration device. Those skilled in the art can select and design according to actual needs. In some embodiments, the volume of the fermentation tank body 1 of the microbial fermentation device of the present application is 80 to 500 liters, and the aeration device can provide an aeration volume of 1 / 20 to 1 / 5 of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1 per minute. If the tank body is too small, the efficiency of the fermenter will be seriously affected, and if the tank body is too large, it will be unfavorable for manual operation. The aeration capacity of the aeration device is within the above range, which helps to provide all the aeration required during the fermentation process.

[0116] There are no particular restrictions on the fish meal and straw used in the present application. The fish meal is mainly used to provide a nitrogen source for fermentation, and the straw is mainly used to provide a carbon source for fermentation. In some embodiments, the fish meal in the microbial fermentation device contains greater than or equal to 60% protein; the straw is selected from wheat straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, corn straw, rape straw, cotton straw, sugarcane straw, and soybean straw.

[0117] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing a microbial composition, the method comprising:

[0118] Step 1, providing a microbial fermentation device according to the above, comprising: a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device, and a fermentation liquid collecting device 6, wherein the fermentation tank body 1 is provided with an air outlet 10; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation liquid collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and connected to the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline, and the aeration device of the microbial fermentation device is started to provide an aeration volume of 1 / 20 to 1 / 15 volume / minute of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1;

[0119] Step 2: Add fermentation material into the fermentation tank 1 for fermentation. The fermentation material is a mixture of the following substances: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, 1 part of straw composting agent, and water or fermentation liquid accounting for 120 to 170 wt% of the straw, and the fermentation material accounts for 50 to 90 vol% of the volume of the fermentation tank 1, so that the fermentation material covers the aeration pipe 3;

[0120] Step 3: After waiting for the fermentation to end, take out the fermentation product, i.e., the microbial composition, from the fermentation tank 1. In the present application, the microbial composition described in the present application is compost, so the terms "microbial composition" and "compost" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0121] In one embodiment, in the method for producing a microbial composition, the straw is a product treated as follows: the straw is broken into 0.2-2 mm fragments, and soaked in 1 to 4% acetic acid at room temperature for 10 to 48 hours, and then taken out and naturally air-dried. The expression "breaking the straw into 0.2-2 mm fragments" in this application means breaking the straw into fragments, wherein more than 90% of the fragments are between 0.2 and 2 mm in size, and the size here refers to the maximum size that can be measured in any coordinate direction of the straw fragments. In some embodiments of the present application, the straw itself is not directly used, but the straw is crushed, and the cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw are hydrolyzed by acetic acid to be initially converted into monosaccharides, which is conducive to microbial utilization. After pretreatment, the cellulose polymerization degree of the raw material is reduced, and the nutrients that can be directly used by microorganisms are increased. When fish meal and straw raw materials are composted outdoors, it often takes 2-3 months to ferment, and because fish meal and straw are easy to fly, it is often impossible to obtain the desired compost, which not only pollutes the environment, but also the compost itself is polluted by the environment and introduces miscellaneous bacteria. During fermentation, fermentation with unacidified straw takes a long time, usually about 20-30 days, while fermentation with acidified straw in the device only takes about 13-15 days to complete.

[0122] In some embodiments, the method for producing a microbial composition described herein further comprises:

[0123] Step 4: Add 1 part of EM bacteria stock solution, 1-5 parts of trace element components, and 1-10 parts of plant synergist components to the microbial composition and mix them to obtain a microbial composition specifically for green leafy vegetables.

[0124] In some embodiments, the method for producing a microbial composition described in the present application further includes: in step 2, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature inside the fermentation tank body 1 is maintained above 50°C for 5 consecutive days, if the humidity sensor detects that the humidity is greater than 60%, the tank cover is opened to allow the aeration device to provide an aeration volume of 1 / 12 to 1 / 5 of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1 per minute for 24-36 hours.

[0125] In some embodiments, the method for producing a microbial composition described in the present application further includes: in step 2, turning the compost when the temperature sensor detects a temperature greater than 65°C or less than 50°C 36-48 hours after the start of fermentation.

[0126] In the method of the present application, it is necessary to reduce the turning of the compost as much as possible, which ensures the stability of the environment of beneficial microorganisms in the compost, reduces the diffusion of harmful gases such as ammonia, and reduces the loss of nutrients. In the case of no turning of the compost, the ammonia produced is not easy to form ammonia diffusion, which reduces the loss of nitrogen and participates in the nutrient conversion of bacteria. However, if the compost is turned too much, the reaction will develop in the direction of producing ammonia, causing further loss of nutrients. When the temperature is low, the compost is too tight and the fermentation is slow; if the temperature is too high, the microorganisms may die. Turning the compost stabilizes the temperature and maintains the activity of the microorganisms.

[0127] In some embodiments, the method for producing a microbial composition described in the present application further includes: in step three, 10 to 20 days after the start of fermentation, when the temperature sensor detects a temperature of less than or equal to 37°C, the fermentation can be confirmed to be complete.

[0128] In some embodiments, in the method described in the present application, the bacterial content of the EM bacteria stock solution is ≥ 200 million / mL; the trace element components include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate, and ammonium molybdate mixed in a ratio of 20:15:10:10:10:2; the plant synergist component includes icosin, moringa leaf extract, and brown algae oligosaccharides mixed in a ratio of 50:10:1.

[0129] In some embodiments, the method for producing a microbial composition described in the present application further includes: collecting the fermentation liquid at the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 by the fermentation liquid collecting device 6 during the period from 48 hours after the start of fermentation to the end of fermentation for the next fermentation.

[0130] In this application, fish meal is used as a nitrogen source for straw composting, and the compost not only has a high degree of humification, but also has a large difference in microbial community structure from chicken manure straw composting: the main bacteria in fish bone meal straw composting are actinomycetes, and the main fungi are thermophilic fungi (Mycothermus). Compared with Firmicutes, actinomycetes have stronger lignocellulose decomposition ability, and compared with Aspergillus, thermophilic fungi are basically harmless to the human body, and the safety is greatly improved. However, because fish bone meal is easy to fly, and a large amount of oxygen is required when used for straw fermentation, and it is also necessary to avoid contamination by miscellaneous bacteria during the fermentation process, traditional composting methods are difficult to meet.

[0131] EM bacteria is a composite microbial agent composed of multiple microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and fermentative fungi. By adding EM bacteria to the produced microbial composition (or compost), on the one hand, EM bacteria can reduce the abundance of pathogens in the compost and thus improve the quality of the compost; on the other hand, EM bacteria can promote anaerobic fermentation of the compost, further improving the maturity of the compost while preventing nutrient loss.

[0132] Ectoin is a strongly hydrophilic amino acid derivative that can bind to the water molecules around it and produce the so-called "Ectoin hydrocomplex". These complexes then surround the plant roots again, forming a protective, nourishing and stable hydration shell around them. Studies have shown that Ectoin can improve the salt and drought resistance of crops.

[0133] Moringa leaf extract contains more than 92 effective compounds, including plant hormones (such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins), vitamins, flavanols, phenols, sterols and tannins, as well as some phytochemicals that make it highly beneficial to plants. Studies have shown that Moringa leaf extract can not only induce seed germination, plant growth, photosynthesis, but also improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress.

[0134] Brown algae oligosaccharide is a kind of oligosaccharide extracted from brown algae. It has been proven to promote seed germination, root growth and new leaf germination in rice, mustard, broad beans, wheat, tobacco and other crops. Studies have shown that brown algae oligosaccharide can promote plant growth by inducing nitrogen metabolism and auxin biosynthesis pathways in plants.

[0135] According to the above findings, the present application also provides a microbial composition comprising:

[0136] Bacterial flora, fungal flora, and organic matter, including

[0137] The first dominant bacteria of the bacterial flora are Actinobacteriota, the second dominant bacteria are Proteobacteria, and the third dominant bacteria are Firmicutes;

[0138] The first dominant fungus of the fungal flora is the genus Mycothermus, and the second dominant fungus is the genus Aspergillus;

[0139] The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matter is 5:1 to 25:1.

[0140] In some embodiments, in the microbial composition,

[0141] In the bacterial flora, the first dominant bacteria Actinobacteriota accounts for 20 to 40%, the second dominant bacteria Proteobacteria accounts for 20 to 40%, and the third dominant bacteria Firmicutes accounts for 10 to 30%.

[0142] In some embodiments, in the microbial composition,

[0143] In the bacterial flora, the first dominant bacteria Actinobacteriota accounts for 25 to 35%, the second dominant bacteria Proteobacteria accounts for 25 to 35%, and the third dominant bacteria Firmicutes accounts for 15 to 25%.

[0144] In some embodiments, in the microbial composition,

[0145] In the fungal flora, the first dominant fungus is the genus Mycothermus, accounting for 50% to 90%, and the second dominant fungus is the genus Aspergillus, accounting for 10% to 40%.

[0146] In some embodiments, in the microbial composition,

[0147] The first dominant fungus was the thermophilic fungus (Mycothermus), accounting for 60% to 85%, and the second dominant fungus was the Aspergillus, accounting for 18% to 30%.

[0148] In some embodiments, in the microbial composition, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matter is 10: 1 to 20: 1. As for the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation raw material used in the present application is generally 25: 1 to 30: 1, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation product is preferably 15: 1 to 17: 1.

[0149] In some embodiments, in the microbial composition, the microbial composition has the following properties:

[0150] pH 6.8 to 7.1;

[0151] EC values ​​range from 2.3 to 3;

[0152] E4 / E6: 2.2 to 2.8;

[0153] The organic matter content is 50% to 70%;

[0154] GI is greater than 80%;

[0155] Total nitrogen is 1.8% to 3%;

[0156] P2O5% is 0.6% to 0.9%;

[0157] K2O% is 2% to 5%;

[0158] Total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O(%) is 4 to 10%

[0159] Total lead mg / kg is less than 4mg / kg;

[0160] Total cadmium mg / kg is less than 0.5mg / kg;

[0161] Total arsenic mg / kg is less than 7mg / kg;

[0162] The total mercury mg / kg is less than 2mg / kg.

[0163] GI may be greater than 100%, which means the relative germination rate of seeds. When it is greater than 80%, it meets the NY / T 525-2021 standard. When it is greater than 100%, it means that it is not only non-toxic but also promotes seed germination. The larger the value, the less toxic the compost.

[0164] In some embodiments, in the microbial composition, the microbial composition has the following properties:

[0165] pH 6.9 to 7.0;

[0166] EC values ​​range from 2.5 to 2.7;

[0167] E4 / E6: 2.2 to 2.6;

[0168] The organic matter content is 55% to 60%;

[0169] GI is greater than 88%;

[0170] Total nitrogen is 1.9% to 2%;

[0171] P2O5% is 0.78% to 0.88%;

[0172] K2O% is 3% to 3.5%;

[0173] Total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O(%) is 5 to 7%

[0174] Total lead mg / kg is less than 3.5mg / kg;

[0175] Total cadmium mg / kg is less than 0.4 mg / kg;

[0176] Total arsenic mg / kg is less than 6mg / kg;

[0177] The total mercury mg / kg is less than 1mg / kg.

[0178] In some embodiments, the microbial composition also includes EM bacterial stock solution, trace element components, and plant synergist components, wherein the bacterial content of the EM bacterial stock solution is ≥ 200 million / mL; the trace element components include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate, and ammonium molybdate mixed in a ratio of 20:15:10:10:10:2; the plant synergist component includes ectoine, Moringa leaf extract, and brown algae oligosaccharides mixed in a ratio of 50:10:1.

[0179] In some embodiments, the microbial composition is prepared by the following method:

[0180] Step 1, providing a microbial fermentation device, comprising: a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device, and a fermentation liquid collecting device 6, wherein the fermentation tank body 1 is provided with an air outlet 10; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation liquid collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and connected to the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline, and the aeration device of the microbial fermentation device is started to provide an aeration volume of 1 / 20 to 1 / 15 volume / minute of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1;

[0181] Step 2: Fermentation material is added into the fermentation tank 1 for fermentation, wherein the fermentation material is a mixture of the following substances: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, 1 part of straw composting agent, and water and fermentation liquid accounting for 120 to 170 wt% of the straw, the fermentation material accounts for 50 to 90 vol% of the volume of the fermentation tank 1, and the fermentation material covers the aeration pipe 3;

[0182] Step 3: After waiting for the fermentation to end, the fermentation product, namely the microbial composition, is taken out from the fermentation tank 1.

[0183] In some embodiments, in the microbial composition, the organic matter is selected from at least one of the following: organic fermentation products, peat, peat, or a combination thereof.

[0184] The present application also provides a method for planting green leafy vegetables, characterized in that the green leafy vegetables are planted using the microbial composition described in the present application as a base fertilizer.

[0185] In some embodiments, in the method of growing leafy green vegetables, the application amount of the microbial composition is 800 to 2000 kg / ha.

[0186] In some embodiments, in the method of growing leafy green vegetables, 15-15-15 compound fertilizer is also applied during the growth cycle of the leafy green vegetables.

[0187] In some embodiments, in the method of growing green leafy vegetables, the green leafy vegetables are cruciferous vegetables.

[0188] In some embodiments, in the method for growing green leafy vegetables, the green leafy vegetables are selected from cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, kale, lettuce, mustard greens, lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage.

[0189] Example

[0190] Example 1

[0191] The microbial fermentation device of the present application is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it comprises: a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device, a fermentation liquid collecting device 6 and a fermentation material arranged in the fermentation tank body 1, wherein the fermentation tank body 1 is provided with an air outlet 10; the fermentation material comprises: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, and 1 part of an optional straw composting agent, and an optional fermentation liquid or water accounting for 120 to 170 wt% of the straw; the aeration device comprises an aeration and oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1, and the aeration and oxygen supply device comprises a flow meter 4 and an oxygen pump 12; the fermentation liquid collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1, and is connected to the tank bottom opening at the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 as a fermentation liquid outlet 5 through a pipeline. A support leg 7 is provided at the bottom of the tank body for raising the tank bottom. A hole is opened in the middle of the tank cover 2, and a temperature sensor 9 is placed in the tank through this hole. It should be noted that the temperature sensor 9 is usually replaced by a temperature and humidity dual sensor, so it can measure temperature and humidity at the same time. A heat-insulating layer 8 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 .

[0192] The main materials and related parameters of the fermentation device are as follows: the tank body is a high-quality plastic barrel with a volume of 100L, an inner diameter of 45cm, a height of 73cm, and a barrel wall thickness of 3mm; the tank body insulation layer is insulation cotton, 30mm thick, and the material is closed-cell foam rubber and plastic; the aeration pipe is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 8X10 (inner diameter X outer diameter, unit mm), 45cm long and 40cm wide, with an opening interval of 2cm and a pore size of 2.5mm; the aeration oxygen supply device includes an oxygen pump (flow rate of 15-20L / min) and a LZB-3WB glass rotor flowmeter (1-10L / min); the temperature and humidity sensors are provided by Shanghai Xiandun Technology Co., Ltd., with a built-in Internet card, which can remotely and continuously monitor the changes in temperature and humidity inside the fermentation tank.

[0193] The various materials, reagents and fermentation raw materials used in this application can be obtained commercially or prepared in the laboratory. The EM bacterial stock solution used in this application was purchased from Ai Mu Le Environmental Protection Biotechnology (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., and the bacterial content was ≥ 200 million / mL. The trace element components ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate, and ammonium molybdate were all purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory, and then prepared in the laboratory according to the proportion. The rice straw used in the experiment was obtained by self-planting at the Guangdong Vegetable Research Institute Experimental Base. Fish meal was purchased from Jiahui Feed in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, with a protein content of about 65wt%. Straw composting agent was purchased from Zhengzhou Nongxuwang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 2% acetic acid was purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory. Moringa leaf extract was purchased from Ningshan Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Brown algae oligosaccharides use 98% brown algae oligosaccharides, purchased from Shaanxi Tianxingjian Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Ectoin was purchased from Huaxi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0194] The above-mentioned microbial fermentation device is used to produce a biomass composition (i.e., compost), and the specific steps are as follows:

[0195] Step 1: Mix 15 parts of fish meal, 84 parts of rice straw, and 1 part of straw composting agent in advance, and add 125 parts of water. The rice straw is pre-treated, and the specific process is: use a crusher to break the straw into 0.2-2mm pieces, then soak it in 2% acetic acid at room temperature for 24 hours, and then take it out and air dry it naturally.

[0196] Step 2: Open the oxygen pump 12 in advance, check the air tightness of the air inlet 11 and the ventilation effect of the aeration pipe 3, and on the premise that the oxygen pump 12 is turned on, pour the mixed material into the fermentation tank body 1 from the tank mouth, then use the compost turning rod to loosen the material, use the fire tongs to insert the sensing part of the temperature sensor 9 into the middle of the tank body, then cover the tank cover 2, and adjust the flow meter 4 so that the gas flow is controlled at 7L / min.

[0197] Step 3: After 36-48 hours of fermentation, monitor whether the temperature is 50-65°C. If the temperature is lower or higher than this range, turn the compost. After the compost temperature is maintained above 50°C for 5 consecutive days, observe the compost humidity. If the humidity is greater than 60%, adjust the flow meter 4 to make the air flow reach 10L / min, and open the tank cover 2 for 24-36 hours.

[0198] Step 4: The fermentation ends after 14 days, when the temperature sensor reading is lower than 37°C. At this time, the oxygen pump 12 can be turned off, the tank cover 2 can be opened, and the compost can be transferred to other containers. 1 part of EM bacteria stock solution, 1-5 parts of trace element components, and 1-10 parts of plant synergist components are added and mixed to obtain a microbial composition (i.e., compost, referred to as Chinese cabbage special bacterial fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer herein), such as Figure 3 shown.

[0199] The trace element components include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate, and ammonium molybdate, which are mixed in a ratio of 20:15:10:10:10:2.

[0200] The plant enhancer components include icosine, moringa leaf extract, and brown algae oligosaccharide, which are mixed in a ratio of 50:10:1.

[0201] Detection steps

[0202] The physicochemical properties of the obtained microbial composition and the identification of the microbial community were determined as follows:

[0203] 1. Determination of the physicochemical properties of compost: The physicochemical properties of the compost produced in Example 1 were tested. The specific test method was as follows: pH and EC values ​​of the compost samples were measured using a pH meter and a conductivity meter (MP521). Nitrogen content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and phosphorus, potassium and heavy metal content were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Organic matter content was analyzed using a TOC analyzer. Seed germination index GI was determined using cucumber seeds, and E4 / E6 was determined using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The specific measurement results are shown below.

[0204] The physical and chemical properties of the special bacterial fertilizer for Chinese cabbage are as follows:

[0205] The pH value was 6.9 at the beginning of fermentation and 7.0 at the end.

[0206] EC (ms·cm -1 ) value was 5.9 at the beginning of fermentation and 2.6 at the end.

[0207] The E4 / E6 value was 5.4 at the beginning of fermentation and 2.4 at the end.

[0208] The organic matter content (%) is 57.0%.

[0209] The GI (%) value was 90%.

[0210] Total nitrogen (%): 1.94%;

[0211] P2O5(%): 0.83%;

[0212] K2O(%): 3.23%;

[0213] Total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O(%) is 6.00%

[0214] Total lead (mg / kg) is 3.17mg / kg;

[0215] Total cadmium (mg / kg) is 0.33mg / kg;

[0216] Total arsenic (mg / kg) was 5.50 mg / kg;

[0217] The total mercury (mg / kg) was not detected.

[0218] Among the above test items, pH reflects the acidity and alkalinity of compost, and the suitable pH for microbial growth is 5.5-8.5; EC is the soluble salt content of compost, and a sharp decrease in EC value reflects vigorous microbial growth; E4 / E6 value refers to the ratio of the specific absorption peaks of humic acid substances produced during the composting process at 465nm and 665nm, which is an important evaluation criterion for compost maturity. The smaller the value, the higher the maturity; the organic matter content of compost according to the NY / T 525-2021 standard is ≥30%; GI reflects the toxicity of compost, the higher the value, the lower the toxicity of the compost, and the NY / T 525-2021 standard GI of organic fertilizer is ≥70%; the total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O(%) of organic fertilizer according to the NY / T 525-2021 standard are ≥4.0%, total lead ≤50mg / kg, total cadmium ≤3mg / kg, total arsenic ≤15mg / kg, and total mercury ≤2mg / kg.

[0219] 2. Compost microbial community identification: The microbial community structure of the compost produced in Example 1 was tested. The specific testing method was as follows: total DNA was extracted from 0.25 g of fresh compost, and the extracted genomic DNA was detected by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA genes were amplified using bacterial universal primers 338F / 806R and fungal universal primers ITS1F / ITS2R, respectively. The data was analyzed on the web platform of the Majorbio cloud platform, and OUT was selected based on 97% sequence similarity. The results are as follows Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the bacteria in the microbial composition mainly include the first dominant bacteria Actinobacteriota (Actinobacteria), the second dominant bacteria Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria), and the third dominant bacteria Firmicutes (Fimicutes), in addition to Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, Gemmatimonadota, Chioroflexi, Halanaerobiaeota and Deinococcota, the fungi in the microbial composition mainly include the first dominant fungus being the genus Mycothermus, the second dominant fungus being the genus Aspergillus, in addition to some other fungi with a lower proportion.

[0220] Example 2

[0221] [Pot test]

[0222] The cultivation effect of the bacterial fertilizer produced by the invention was tested. The specific test was as follows: Biqing sugar beet heart was used as the experimental variety and planted in pots. Two treatments were set up, one group was the CK group and the other was the bacterial fertilizer group. The CK group was fertilized conventionally, and the bacterial fertilizer group was fertilized with bacterial fertilizer. Each treatment had 5 pots, 3 cabbage hearts in each pot, and after 20 days of planting (such as Figure 6 ) were used to measure the biomass and phenotype of Chinese cabbage, and the results are shown below.

[0223] Effect of bacterial fertilizer on Chinese cabbage planting:

[0224] Total fresh weight (g): CK group: 42.12±0.32g, bacterial fertilizer group: 63.21±0.41g;

[0225] Stem diameter (cm): CK group: 1.65±0.12cm, bacterial fertilizer group: 2.04±0.14cm;

[0226] Leaf area (cm 2 ):CK group: 232.9±25.3cm 2 , bacterial fertilizer group was 456.1±37.3cm 2 ;

[0227] Root length (cm): CK group was 89.7±9.0, and bacterial fertilizer group was 156.8±15.6.

[0228] The results show that the bacterial fertilizer prepared by the invention can significantly increase the biomass of potted Chinese cabbage and significantly promote the growth of the root system and stems and leaves of Chinese cabbage. The term total fresh weight in this application refers to the total mass of Chinese cabbage including leaves.

[0229] Example 3 (CK group and bacterial fertilizer group)

[0230]

Field fertilizer efficiency test

[0231] The field application effect of the bacterial fertilizer produced by the invention was tested. The specific test method was as follows: two test plots were set up to plant Chinese cabbage, the Chinese cabbage variety was Biqingtian Chinese cabbage, each plot was 4m long and 1.8m wide, one plot was set as the CK group, and the other was set as the bacterial fertilizer group. The CK group applied 24kg / ha of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and the Chinese cabbage was transplanted and grown in the plot for 15 days and then applied 36kg / ha of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer; the compost group applied 1000kg / ha of compost + 24kg / ha of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with a nitrogen content, and the Chinese cabbage was transplanted and grown in the plot for 15 days and then applied 36kg / ha of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with a nitrogen content. Harvest after 25 days of planting, measure the yield of Chinese cabbage, fresh weight of stems, and leaf area, and the results are shown below.

[0232] Effects of bacterial fertilizer on field Chinese cabbage planting:

[0233] Yield (kg / ha): CK group: 35607±2450, bacterial fertilizer group: 50978±4521;

[0234] Fresh stem weight (g): CK group was 15.3±1.2, bacterial fertilizer group was 21.5±1.5;

[0235] Leaf area (cm 2 ):CK group: 342.9±35.3cm 2 , bacterial fertilizer group was 653.1±67.3cm 2 ;

[0236] The results showed that the bacterial fertilizer prepared by the invention can significantly increase the yield of Chinese cabbage in the field, and both the fresh weight of the stem and the leaf area are significantly increased.

[0237] Based on the above data and Figure 7 It can be found that the bacterial fertilizer of the present invention can effectively promote the growth of Chinese cabbage, increase the leaf area by about 90%, increase the yield of Chinese cabbage, and increase the yield and output by about 40%. The bacterial fertilizer of the present invention can effectively increase the humus of the soil, achieve crop growth promotion and enhance the stress resistance of Chinese cabbage, improve the photosynthesis capacity of Chinese cabbage, and solve the problem of insufficient nitrogen and trace elements in the process of crop cultivation, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity and air permeability of the soil, enhance the rhizosphere activity, and effectively restore the soil aggregate structure. The term stem fresh weight in this application is an indicator reflecting the growth of the stem of Chinese cabbage. The larger the index, the better the stem growth. It refers to the weight of the stem of Biqingtian Chinese cabbage. Biqingtian Chinese cabbage is a stem-based Chinese cabbage, so the stem fresh weight index is a parameter of focus.

[0238] Example 4 Compost Field Application Effect Test

[0239] In this example, the bacterial fertilizer group of Example 3 is compared with the chicken manure straw compost and the compost obtained in Example 1 without adding EM bacterial stock solution, trace element components, and plant synergist components. The chicken manure straw compost group uses a compost product obtained by composting chicken manure and straw. The fish meal straw compost group is a compost product obtained by composting fish meal and straw, that is, the compost obtained in Example 1, without adding EM bacterial stock solution, trace element components, and plant synergist components. The field application effect of the compost produced by the invention was tested. The specific test method was as follows: three test plots were set up to plant Chinese cabbage, the Chinese cabbage variety was Biqingtian Chinese cabbage, each plot was 4m long and 1.8m wide, and three treatments were set up, namely, chicken manure straw compost group, fish meal straw compost group, and bacterial fertilizer group of Example 3. Each group was applied with 1000kg / ha of compost + 24kg / ha of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 24kg / ha. After the Chinese cabbage was transplanted and grown in the field for 15 days, 36kg / ha of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 15 was applied. The harvest was carried out 25 days after planting, and the yield of Chinese cabbage, fresh stem weight, and leaf area were measured. The results are shown below.

[0240] Effect of planting Chinese cabbage in compost fields

[0241] Yield (kg / hectare): chicken manure compost group: 40707±2450; fish meal straw compost group: 44607±1211; bacterial fertilizer group of Example 3: 50978±4521;

[0242] Fresh stem weight (g): chicken manure compost group was 16.7±1.8; fish meal straw compost group was 18.3±1.7; bacterial fertilizer group of Example 3 was 21.5±1.5;

[0243] Leaf area (cm 2 ): chicken manure compost group was 402.2±45.2; fish meal straw compost group was 442.7±45.3; the bacterial fertilizer group of Example 3 was 653.1±67.3;

[0244] Figure 8 This is the effect picture of composting and growing Chinese cabbage. The left one is chicken manure composting, the middle one is fish meal straw composting, and the right one is fish meal straw compost mixed fertilizer processing.

[0245] Example 5

[0246] A microbial composition was prepared using a device similar to that in Example 1 to prepare bacterial fertilizer, except that the straw used was broken into 0.2-2 mm fragments, and was not soaked in acetic acid, and was directly mixed with other fermentation raw materials for fermentation. During the fermentation process, the temperature was monitored to see if it was 50-65°C after 96 hours of fermentation. The fermentation ended after 21 days. After testing and field application tests, it was found that the composition of the microbial composition obtained in Example 5 was similar to that of the microbial composition obtained by the method of Example 1, and the nitrogen content in the microbial composition was increased, and the nitrogen loss was reduced. When used in field tests, the application effect similar to that of the microbial composition obtained in Example 1 can be obtained, that is, it can be used as a fertilizer for cruciferous green leafy vegetables, which can effectively increase the humus of the soil, achieve crop growth promotion and enhance the stress resistance of green leafy vegetables, improve the photosynthesis capacity of green leafy vegetables, significantly increase biomass, and solve the problem of insufficient nitrogen and trace elements in the process of crop cultivation, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity and air permeability of the soil, enhance rhizosphere activity, and effectively restore the soil aggregate structure.

[0247] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are specifically shown and described above. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the detailed structures, configurations or implementations described herein; on the contrary, the present disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent configurations included in the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing a microbial composition, the method comprising: Step 1, providing a microbial fermentation device, comprising: a fermentation tank body (1), an aeration device, and a fermentation liquid collecting device (6), wherein the fermentation tank body (1) is provided with an air outlet (10); the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline (3) arranged in the fermentation tank body (1); the fermentation liquid collecting device (6) is arranged outside the fermentation tank body (1) and connected to the bottom of the fermentation tank body (1) through a pipeline, and the aeration device of the microbial fermentation device is started to provide an aeration volume of 1 / 20 to 1 / 15 volume / minute of the volume of the fermentation tank body (1); Step 2: Fermentation material is added to the fermentation tank (1) for fermentation. The fermentation material is a mixture of the following substances: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, 1 part of straw composting agent, and water or fermentation liquid accounting for 120 to 170 wt% of the straw. The fermentation material accounts for 50 to 90 vol% of the volume of the fermentation tank (1), so that the fermentation material covers the aeration pipe (3). When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the fermentation tank (1) is maintained above 50°C for 5 consecutive days, if When the humidity sensor detects that the humidity is greater than 60%, the tank cover is opened, so that the aeration device provides an aeration volume of 1 / 12 to 1 / 5 of the volume of the fermentation tank body (1) per minute for 24 to 36 hours. After 36 to 48 hours of fermentation, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is greater than 65° C. or less than 50° C., the compost is turned, wherein the fermentation liquid is collected from the bottom of the fermentation tank body (1) by the fermentation liquid collecting device (6) during the period from 48 hours after the start of fermentation to the end of fermentation; Step 3: After waiting for the fermentation to be completed, the fermentation product, i.e., the microbial composition, is taken out from the fermentation tank (1). Step 4: Add 1 part of EM bacterial stock solution, 1-5 parts of trace element components, and 1-10 parts of plant synergist components to the microbial composition for mixing, wherein the bacterial content of the EM bacterial stock solution is ≥ 200 million / mL; the trace element components include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate, and ammonium molybdate mixed in a ratio of 20:15:10:10:10:2; the plant synergist components include icosin, moringa leaf extract, and brown algae oligosaccharides mixed in a ratio of 50:10:

1. The microbial composition comprises: Bacterial flora, fungal flora, and organic matter, including The first dominant bacteria of the bacterial flora are Actinobacteria, the second dominant bacteria are Proteobacteria, and the third dominant bacteria are Firmicutes; The first dominant fungus of the fungal flora is a thermophilic fungus, and the second dominant fungus is an Aspergillus genus, wherein the first dominant fungus is a thermophilic fungus genus accounting for 60% to 85%, and the second dominant fungus is an Aspergillus genus accounting for 18% to 30%; The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matter is 5:1 to 25:

1.

2. The method for producing a microbial composition according to claim 1, wherein The straw is a product processed as follows: the straw is broken into 0.2-2 mm pieces, and soaked in 1 to 4% acetic acid at room temperature for 10 to 48 hours, and then fished out and naturally air-dried.

3. The method for producing a microbial composition according to claim 1, further comprising: In step three, 10 to 20 days after the start of fermentation, when the temperature sensor detects a temperature of 37° C. or less, the fermentation is confirmed to be complete.

4. The method for producing a microbial composition according to claim 1, further comprising: During the period from 48 hours after the start of fermentation to the end of fermentation, the fermentation liquid at the bottom of the fermentation tank (1) is collected by a fermentation liquid collecting device (6) for use in the next fermentation.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gas outlet (10) in the microbial fermentation device is at least one selected from the following: an opening with an area of ​​1 to 16 square centimeters, an opening with an area of ​​4 to 9 square centimeters, a circular opening with a diameter of 1 to 4 cm, a circular opening with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm, a square opening with a side length of 1 to 4 cm, and a square opening with a side length of 2 to 3 cm; the area of ​​the tank cover (2) is greater than 100 square centimeters.

6. According to the method of claim 1, in the microbial fermentation device, the aeration oxygen supply device includes an oxygen pump and a flow meter, the aeration pipe (3) includes a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe, the vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe are interconnected, the oxygen pump and the flow meter are arranged outside the fermentation tank body (1) and are connected to the aeration pipe (3), wherein aeration holes are arranged on the lower side of the horizontal pipe, and the interval between adjacent aeration holes is 1 cm to 3 cm.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the aeration holes in the microbial fermentation device are at least one selected from the following: openings with an area of ​​1 to 16 square millimeters, openings with an area of ​​4 to 9 square millimeters, circular openings with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm, circular openings with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm, square openings with a side length of 1 to 4 mm, and square openings with a side length of 2 to 3 mm.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microbial fermentation device further comprises a temperature sensor and an optional compost turning device arranged inside the fermentation material, and a heat preservation layer (8) arranged outside the fermentation tank body (1).

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microbial fermentation device further comprises a humidity sensor disposed inside the fermentation material in the fermentation tank (1).

10. According to the method of claim 8, in the microbial fermentation device, the compost turning device comprises a fixing device, a transmission device and a fan blade, the fan blade is fixed to the middle part of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank body (1) by the fixing device, and the transmission device is connected to the fan blade, so that when the transmission device transmits kinetic energy to the fan blade, the fan blade can rotate to turn the fermentation material.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the microbial fermentation device, a heat-insulating layer is disposed outside the fermentation tank body (1).

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the microbial fermentation device, the volume of the fermentation tank body (1) is 80 to 500 liters, and the aeration device can provide an aeration volume of 1 / 20 to 1 / 5 of the volume of the fermentation tank body (1) per minute.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the microbial fermentation device, the fish meal contains greater than or equal to 60% protein; and the straw is selected from wheat straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, corn straw, rape straw, cotton straw, sugarcane straw, and soybean straw.

Images