A thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for elevator progressive safety clamps

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of thermal coupling analysis, and discloses a thermal coupling analysis method for elevator progressive safety clamps, including: collecting parameters and geometric information to facilitate the subsequent accurate establishment of a thermal model; establishing a thermal model to facilitate the analysis of the internal heat conduction process and temperature distribution of the elevator safety clamp; setting boundary conditions to facilitate the simulation of the thermal conduction behavior under real conditions; formulating a heat conduction equation to facilitate the description of the heat conduction process, predict the temperature distribution, and analyze thermal stability; adding an energy equation to facilitate more accurate simulation of energy transfer and energy loss under actual conditions; and performing meshing to facilitate the discretization of geometric shapes and balance accuracy and computational efficiency. The present invention can accurately generate the real rough surface of the friction plate and guide rail of the safety clamp, which is convenient for reducing the error during thermal coupling analysis and improving the accuracy of the analysis results. It can quickly flip the heavier safety clamps, which is convenient for rapid and comprehensive measurement of the geometric parameters of the safety clamps.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of thermal coupling analysis, and more specifically, to a thermal coupling analysis method for a progressive safety clamp of an elevator. Background Art

[0002] At present, the safety protection devices of elevators mainly cover multiple links such as mechanical protection, electrical protection and safety protection. Among them, the elevator safety clamp is an important device in the mechanical protection link. It is linked with the speed limiter and triggered when the elevator speed exceeds a certain limit value, thereby clamping the guide rail to slow down the car, and fixing the elevator car on the guide rail after stopping to prevent accidents such as car falling.

[0003] The document with the prior art publication number CN106528957A provides a thermal coupling analysis method for the elevator progressive safety clamp. By establishing a thermal stress coupled clamp block-guide rail contact model, the dynamic behavior of the friction braking process of the elevator progressive safety clamp is simulated, and important results such as the stopping distance, car speed, deceleration, friction braking force and friction factor are obtained, and important information such as stress field and temperature field is obtained.

[0004] Although the device has many beneficial effects, the following problems still exist: when performing thermal-mechanical coupling analysis on the safety clamp, the staff needs to collect the geometric parameter information of the safety clamp to facilitate the subsequent generation of the safety clamp model for thermal-mechanical coupling analysis in the three-dimensional software. However, the safety clamp is heavy. When measuring the geometric parameters on the ground or on the laboratory bench, it is difficult for the staff to measure the safety clamp quickly and comprehensively, which can easily affect the efficiency of subsequent analysis work. In view of this, we propose a thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for elevator progressive safety clamps. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a thermal coupling analysis method for a progressive safety clamp of an elevator, thereby solving the technical problem in the prior art that, when performing thermal coupling analysis on the safety clamp, a worker needs to collect geometric parameter information of the safety clamp to facilitate subsequent generation of a safety clamp model for thermal coupling analysis in a three-dimensional software, while the safety clamp is heavy. When measuring geometric parameters on the ground or on a laboratory bench, it is difficult for the worker to quickly and comprehensively measure the safety clamp, which easily affects the efficiency of subsequent analysis work. The embodiment of the present application achieves a technical effect in which the worker can quickly flip the heavier safety clamp, thereby facilitating the worker to quickly and comprehensively measure the geometric parameters of the safety clamp, thereby facilitating improving the efficiency of subsequent thermal coupling analysis.

[0006] The embodiment of the present application provides a thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for an elevator progressive safety clamp, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Collect parameter and geometric information to facilitate the subsequent accurate establishment of thermal model;

[0008] S2. Establish a thermal model to analyze the heat conduction process and temperature distribution inside the elevator safety clamp;

[0009] S3. Set boundary conditions to better simulate the heat conduction behavior in real situations;

[0010] S4. Formulate heat conduction equations to facilitate the description of heat conduction processes, prediction of temperature distribution, and analysis of thermal stability;

[0011] S5. Add energy equations to more accurately simulate energy transfer and energy loss in actual situations;

[0012] S6. Perform meshing to facilitate discretization of geometric shapes and balance accuracy and computational efficiency;

[0013] S7, numerical solution and analysis results, so that the staff can obtain reliable analysis results;

[0014] S8. Result verification and optimization facilitate verification of the accuracy and reliability of the model and improve the accuracy of model analysis results.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, by collecting material parameters and geometric information and establishing a thermal model, the heat conduction and energy conversion process of the elevator safety clamp can be accurately described. The use of numerical methods to solve the coupled thermal equations can obtain accurate temperature field distribution and ensure the accuracy of the analysis results.

[0016] Optionally, in step S1, among the collected parameters, mainly the thermophysical parameters of the elevator safety clamp and the guide rail are collected; the elevator safety clamp and the guide rail are subjected to multi-point temperature detection by a temperature sensor;

[0017] In collecting geometric information, the size, shape and possible special structures of the elevator safety clamp and guide rail are mainly collected to better describe the structure and thermal characteristics of the elevator safety clamp and provide more reliable and realistic results for subsequent thermal-mechanical coupling analysis.

[0018] The safety gear can be placed on the safety gear clamping mechanism for size and shape inspection.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, obtaining the geometric information of the elevator safety clamp can help establish a real and accurate heat conduction model. The size, shape and possible special structure of the elevator safety clamp and guide rail all affect the path and rate of heat conduction.

[0020] Optionally, in step S2, a three-dimensional form of Weierstrass-Mandelbrot fractal function is used to generate fractal surfaces of the safety gear friction plate and the guide rail.

[0021] Double rough surfaces are used to numerically simulate the thermal-mechanical coupling behavior of the friction plate and the guide rail.

[0022] In addition to the microscopic modeling of the friction plate and the guide rail, the simulation time can only consider a short transient process, because the entire stopping time of the elevator is generally several hundred milliseconds, and the stopping distance is several hundred millimeters. However, considering that the guide rail with a real rough surface is only a few hundred microns long, the simulation time at the micron scale is generally only at the microsecond level. In addition, since the simulation time is less than one thousandth of the entire stopping time, it is assumed that the speed remains unchanged during the stopping process.

[0023]

[0024] Where L is the sampling length; G is a frequency-independent scale factor; M is the number of superimposed wrinkles that generate the rough surface, n is the random phase uniformly distributed between (0, 2π); D is the fractal dimension (2 <D<3);γ (D-3)n represents frequency, n is the frequency coefficient, its maximum value represents the upper limit of frequency, and Ls represents the cutoff length;

[0025] By comparing the measured values ​​and the simulated values, it can be found that the surface roughness and surface average deviation of the two are very close. Finally, the rough surface data cloud map is imported into the 3D modeling software to generate the corresponding fractal surface.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution and generating the real rough surface of the safety clamp friction plate and the guide rail, it is convenient to reduce the error during the thermal-mechanical coupling analysis and further improve the accuracy of the analysis results.

[0027] Optionally, in step S3, setting boundary conditions includes: thermal boundary conditions, determining initial temperature, determining ambient temperature and load boundary conditions, so as to more accurately simulate the heat conduction behavior under real conditions.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, considering these conditions is crucial for accurately simulating the heat conduction process of the elevator safety clamp, which helps to more accurately predict the thermal behavior of the elevator safety clamp.

[0029] Optionally, in step S4, a three-dimensional transient temperature field heat conduction equation inside the brake system safety clamp and the guide rail is formulated to facilitate subsequent thermal-mechanical coupling analysis.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solutions, the formulation of the heat conduction equation is the basis for the thermal-mechanical coupling analysis of the elevator safety clamp, which can describe the heat conduction process, predict the temperature distribution, analyze the thermal stability, and provide guidance for design and improvement. By solving the heat conduction equation, accurate results can be obtained to help improve the thermal performance and reliability of the elevator safety clamp.

[0031] Optionally, in step S5, energy changes, heat sources and heat losses are comprehensively considered and added to the energy equation to provide more accurate analysis results.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, adding the energy equation can more comprehensively describe the heat conduction process, taking into account energy changes, heat sources and heat losses, and simulating dynamic processes, which helps to provide more accurate analysis results, evaluate the stability and thermal performance of the elevator safety clamp, and guide optimization design and improvement measures.

[0033] Optionally, in step S6, the surface of the friction plate of the safety clamp adopts tetrahedral units, the back adopts hexahedral units, and the guide rails all adopt tetrahedral units to ensure calculation accuracy and efficiency.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the surface of the friction plate adopts tetrahedral units, the back adopts hexahedral units, and the guide rails all adopt tetrahedral units. The mesh is refined in the contact area and its surface, which can ensure the calculation accuracy and efficiency, and balance the actuarial accuracy and calculation efficiency.

[0035] Optionally, in step S7, based on the results of the numerical solution, a temperature cloud diagram and a temperature profile diagram are drawn to visualize the results, so as to facilitate the analysis of the thermal coupling results of the elevator safety clamp.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solutions, numerical solution is necessary in the thermal-mechanical coupling analysis of elevator safety clamps. It can cope with complexity, provide precision and accuracy, has flexibility and adaptability, and supports visualization and post-processing. Through numerical solution, reliable results can be obtained and guidance can be provided for optimal design and improvement.

[0037] Optionally, in step S8, the simulation results are compared with the actual monitored size and temperature data to verify the accuracy of the model;

[0038] When there are differences, adjust the model parameters or improve the boundary conditions and perform the simulation analysis again.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, the accuracy of the thermal model can be verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with the actual observation data. If there is a difference between the simulation results and the actual situation, it means that there may be problems with the model or further optimization is needed. Result verification can help confirm the reliability of the simulation results and provide accurate analysis results.

[0040] Optionally, in step S1, the safety clamp clamping mechanism includes: a support plate, a displacement assembly and a supporting mechanism;

[0041] A displacement component is provided on the support plate;

[0042] One side of the support plate is connected with a supporting mechanism through a displacement assembly, and the supporting mechanism is convenient for supporting the safety clamp of the elevator;

[0043] The supporting mechanism includes a supporting part and a clamping part, so that the staff can quickly measure the geometric parameters of the safety clamp;

[0044] The supporting part includes a mounting block, one side of which is penetrated by a slot, a connecting pipe is slidably connected inside the slot, a rotating rod is rotatably connected inside the connecting pipe, and the clamping part is located at one end of the rotating rod, so as to facilitate pushing and rotating the safety clamp, and further facilitate the staff to quickly and comprehensively measure the geometric parameters of the safety clamp.

[0045] Optionally, damping bearings are installed on the inner sides of both ends of the connecting pipe, and the rotating rod is located in the damping bearings, so that there is resistance to the rotation of the rotating rod, thereby preventing the rotating rod from rotating at will.

[0046] Optionally, the supporting mechanism further includes a flipping portion, which facilitates the rotation of the rotating rod without the need for a staff member to manually rotate the rotating rod.

[0047] The flipping part includes a gear, which is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating rod. One side of the support plate is fixedly connected to a rack through a connecting plate. When the gear moves to a position meshing with the rack, the gear continues to rise and move, so that the gear can rotate in coordination with the rack, thereby driving the rotating rod to rotate.

[0048] Optionally, the supporting mechanism further specifically includes an adjusting part, and the adjusting part is used to adjust the supporting part to move left and right.

[0049] The adjustment part includes an adjustment plate, a first through slot is formed on one side of the adjustment plate, one side of the adjustment plate is fixedly connected to the support plate through a fixing frame, a second through slot is formed on the front side of the mounting block, a guide rod is detachably fixedly connected to the front side of the connecting pipe, and the guide rod is slidably connected to the second through slot, so as to facilitate driving the connecting pipe to move.

[0050] There are two adjusting plates, so that the safety clamp can start to rotate after it rises to a certain height. When the safety clamp rotates and descends, the safety clamp cannot continue to rotate.

[0051] Optionally, one side of the inner wall of the first through slot is vertical, the other side of the inner wall of the first through slot is obtuse-angled, and the other sides of the inner walls of the two first through slots are arranged in opposite directions, and the two adjustment plates are staggered.

[0052] Through the above technical solution, when the guide rod moves out from the first through slot located at the bottom and enters the first through slot located at the top, the guide rod can be brought into contact with the inclined surface of the first through slot, so that the guide rod can be displaced. The displacement of the guide rod can drive the connecting pipe, the rotating rod, the gear and the clamping part to be displaced, so that when the supporting part moves downward, the gear will not be in contact with the rack, thereby ensuring that the safety clamp will not rotate again during the descent process.

[0053] Optionally, grooves are provided on the sides of the two fixing frames close to each other, so as to facilitate unobstructed movement of the mounting block and ensure that the guide rod can enter the interior of the first through groove.

[0054] The clamping part comprises a mounting plate, which is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod. The cross section of the mounting plate is U-shaped, so that the safety clamp can be easily placed on the inner side of the mounting plate.

[0055] Threaded rods are threadedly connected on both sides of the top of the mounting plate to facilitate clamping and fixing the safety clamp.

[0056] A clamping plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod to increase the contact area with the safety clamp.

[0057] A pad is fixedly connected to the bottom of the clamp, and the pad is made of rubber material, so as to facilitate the protection of the safety clamp.

[0058] A knob is fixedly connected to the top of the threaded rod, and a friction strip is arranged on the outer side of the knob to increase the friction force of the hand of the staff when turning the knob.

[0059] Optionally, a sliding groove is penetrated on one side of the support plate, a screw sleeve is slidably connected in the sliding groove, a reciprocating screw rod is rotatably connected in the sliding groove, the screw sleeve is threadedly sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating screw rod, and the screw sleeve is fixedly connected to the mounting block through a connecting rod, thereby facilitating the mounting block to move back and forth.

[0060] A mounting groove is provided through the top of the support plate, a ball bearing is embedded in the mounting groove, a motor is installed on the top of the support plate, the output end of the motor is located in the ball bearing, and the output end of the motor is coaxially fixedly connected with the top end of the reciprocating screw rod, thereby facilitating driving the reciprocating screw rod to rotate.

[0061] Optionally, the supporting mechanism further includes a positioning portion, which facilitates positioning of the connecting pipe.

[0062] The positioning part includes a mounting tube, which is located at the top of the mounting block. A fixing ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting tube. A sliding rod is connected to the inside of the mounting tube through an elastic member, and the sliding rod is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixing ring. A damping ball is installed at the bottom end of the sliding rod, so as to prevent the connecting pipe from being displaced when the guide rod moves out of the first through groove.

[0063] Optionally, the elastic member includes a slide plate and a spring, the slide plate is fixedly connected to the top of the slide rod, and the slide plate is slidably connected to the inner side of the mounting tube, the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate, the bottom end of the spring is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing ring, and the spring is sleeved on the outside of the slide rod, thereby preventing the slide rod from moving at will.

[0064] A thread groove is formed through the top of the installation block, and the installation tube is threadedly connected in the thread groove, so that the installation tube can be easily disassembled and assembled.

[0065] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0066] 1. By setting up a supporting mechanism, it is convenient for workers to quickly flip over the heavier safety clamps, so that they can quickly and comprehensively measure the geometric parameters of the safety clamps, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent thermal coupling analysis.

[0067] 2. By setting the flipping part and the adjusting part, when the safety clamp rises to a certain height and changes from a horizontal state to a vertical state, the safety clamp can be kept in a vertical state to move downward, so as to facilitate the staff to measure and disassemble the safety clamp at a lower place.

[0068] 3. By setting the positioning part, the connecting pipe can be positioned when the safety clamp moves up and down. The connecting pipe can be horizontally displaced only after the guide rod enters the first through groove, thereby preventing the connecting pipe, the rotating rod and the safety clamp from moving at will.

[0069] 4. By setting up the displacement component, the flipping part and the adjusting part, it is possible to set up a driving source to enable the installation clamp to be lifted, lowered and flipped, without the need to add additional driving equipment, thereby reducing the cost of the equipment.

[0070] 5. This method can be used to accurately generate the real rough surface of the safety clamp friction plate and the guide rail, which is convenient for reducing the error in thermal coupling analysis and further improving the accuracy of the analysis results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of a thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for an elevator progressive safety clamp according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a thermal-mechanical coupling analysis device for an elevator progressive safety clamp according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement component of a thermal-mechanical coupling analysis device for an elevator progressive safety clamp according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of a supporting mechanism for a thermal coupling analysis device for an elevator progressive safety clamp according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a mounting tube of a thermal coupling analysis device for a progressive safety clamp of an elevator according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0076] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of an adjustment plate and a fixing frame of a thermal coupling analysis device for an elevator progressive safety clamp according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0077] Figure 7 It is a structural enlarged schematic diagram of the A region of a thermal coupling analysis device for a progressive safety clamp of an elevator according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0078] Explanation of the numbers in the figure: 1. support plate; 2. displacement assembly; 21. reciprocating screw rod; 22. screw sleeve; 23. motor; 3. supporting mechanism; 31. supporting part; 311. mounting block; 312. slot; 313. connecting pipe; 314. rotating rod; 32. clamping part; 321. mounting plate; 322. threaded rod; 323. clamping plate; 324. pad; 33. flipping part; 331. gear; 332. connecting plate; 333. rack; 34. adjusting part; 341. fixing frame; 342. groove; 343. adjusting plate; 344. first through groove; 345. guide rod; 346. second through groove; 35. positioning part; 351. mounting tube; 352. fixing ring; 353. sliding rod; 354. sliding plate; 355. spring; 356. damping ball. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0080] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the embodiment of the present application discloses a thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for an elevator progressive safety clamp, comprising the following steps;

[0081] S1. Collect parameter and geometric information to facilitate the subsequent accurate establishment of thermal model;

[0082] S2. Establish a thermal model to analyze the heat conduction process and temperature distribution inside the elevator safety clamp;

[0083] S3. Set boundary conditions to better simulate the heat conduction behavior in real situations;

[0084] S4. Formulate heat conduction equations to facilitate the description of heat conduction processes, prediction of temperature distribution, and analysis of thermal stability;

[0085] S5. Add energy equations to more accurately simulate energy transfer and energy loss in actual situations;

[0086] S6. Perform meshing to facilitate discretization of geometric shapes and balance accuracy and computational efficiency;

[0087] S7, numerical solution and analysis results, so that the staff can obtain reliable analysis results;

[0088] S8. Result verification and optimization facilitate verification of the accuracy and reliability of the model and improve the accuracy of model analysis results.

[0089] Specifically, by collecting material parameters and geometric information and establishing a thermal model, the heat conduction and energy conversion process of the elevator safety clamp can be accurately described. The use of numerical methods to solve the coupled thermal equations can obtain accurate temperature field distribution and ensure the accuracy of the analysis results.

[0090] From the collection of material parameters to the analysis and optimization of results, as well as the final conclusions and recommendations, multiple factors are considered, including geometry, boundary conditions, and energy input and output, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the thermal behavior of elevator safety clamps;

[0091] Through meshing and numerical solution, visual results such as temperature cloud maps and temperature profiles can be generated to intuitively display the temperature distribution and temperature rise inside the elevator safety clamp, which helps to better understand and analyze the results.

[0092] Reference Figure 1 In step S1, among the collected parameters, the thermophysical parameters of the elevator safety clamp and the guide rail are mainly collected; the elevator safety clamp and the guide rail are subjected to multi-point temperature detection by a temperature sensor;

[0093] In collecting geometric information, the size, shape and possible special structures of the elevator safety clamp and guide rail are mainly collected to better describe the structure and thermal characteristics of the elevator safety clamp and provide more reliable and realistic results for subsequent thermal-mechanical coupling analysis.

[0094] The safety gear can be placed on the safety gear clamping mechanism for size and shape inspection.

[0095] Specifically, the material composition of the friction plate of the elevator safety clamp is closely related to its heat treatment. Different companies use different friction plate materials and different heat treatment methods. In addition, there is severe friction and wear on the surface of the friction plate during braking. Therefore, the plastic behavior of the material is bound to occur. In order to simulate the actual situation as much as possible, it is necessary to conduct mechanical tests on the selected friction plate of a certain type of safety clamp to obtain its stress-strain curve, so as to reasonably perform simulation calculations, and then ensure that the parameters of the subsequent collection of safety clamps meet the standards;

[0096] Understanding the thermophysical parameters (such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, etc.) of the materials used for elevator safety clamps and guide rails is crucial for accurately establishing a heat conduction model. The thermal conductivity and heat capacity of different materials may vary greatly, which will directly affect the temperature distribution and heat conduction efficiency.

[0097] Obtaining geometric information of the elevator safety clamp can help establish a realistic and accurate heat conduction model. The size, shape and possible special structures of the elevator safety clamp and guide rails all affect the path and rate of heat conduction.

[0098] Reference Figure 1 In step S2, the three-dimensional form of the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot fractal function is used to generate the fractal surface of the safety gear friction plate and the guide rail.

[0099] Specifically, the condition of the contact surface and the change of the actual contact area have a significant impact on the maximum temperature rise of the friction plate. Therefore, it is of great value to study the friction braking process using real rough surfaces;

[0100] Based on the physical process of progressive safety caliper friction braking, this application adopts double rough surfaces to numerically simulate the thermal-mechanical coupling behavior of the friction plate and the guide rail;

[0101] In addition to the microscopic modeling of the friction plate and the guide rail, the simulation time can only consider a short transient process, because the entire stopping time of the elevator is generally several hundred milliseconds, and the stopping distance is several hundred millimeters. However, considering that the guide rail with a real rough surface is only a few hundred microns long, the simulation time at the micron scale is generally only at the microsecond level. In addition, since the simulation time is less than one thousandth of the entire stopping time, it is assumed that the speed remains unchanged during the stopping process.

[0102]

[0103] Where L is the sampling length; G is a frequency-independent scale factor; M is the number of superimposed wrinkles that generate the rough surface, n is the random phase uniformly distributed between (0, 2π); D is the fractal dimension (2 <D<3);γ (D-3)nrepresents frequency, n is the frequency coefficient, its maximum value represents the upper limit of frequency, and Ls represents the cutoff length;

[0104] By comparing the measured values ​​and the simulated values, it can be found that the surface roughness and surface average deviation of the two are very close. Finally, the rough surface data cloud map is imported into the 3D modeling software to generate the corresponding fractal surface.

[0105] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In step S3, boundary conditions are set including: thermal boundary conditions, determining initial temperature, determining ambient temperature and load boundary conditions, so as to more accurately simulate the heat conduction behavior under real conditions.

[0106] Specifically, solving the above heat balance equation also requires considering the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the object.

[0107] Among them, the boundary conditions reflect the thermal interaction between the system and the outside world, which are mainly divided into three categories:

[0108] The first type of boundary condition is that at any time, the temperature value of any point in the system is known:

[0109] T(x,y,z,t)=T(t)

[0110] The second type of boundary condition is that at any time, the heat flux density at any point on the boundary is known:

[0111]

[0112] The third type of boundary condition reflects that the heat flux density output by the object to the surrounding medium is proportional to the difference in surface temperature of the object:

[0113]

[0114] Where h is the thermal convection coefficient between the object and the surrounding medium, T ∞ is the temperature of the surrounding medium.

[0115] Specifically, setting the initial temperature means that in order to start the simulation calculation, the initial temperature of each area inside the elevator safety clamp needs to be given, which is very important for simulating the heat conduction process in the actual working environment;

[0116] The boundary conditions include ambient temperature, which represents the temperature around the elevator safety clamp. The ambient temperature can be affected by factors such as season, climate, and indoor and outdoor temperature difference. Considering the actual working environment of the elevator, setting an accurate ambient temperature helps to more accurately predict the thermal behavior of the elevator safety clamp.

[0117] Boundary conditions also involve heat exchange between the elevator safety clamp and surrounding components. For example, the elevator safety clamp may generate heat exchange with other mechanical components through contact or radiation. Considering these heat exchange conditions is crucial for accurately simulating the heat conduction process of the elevator safety clamp.

[0118] Load boundary conditions of friction plate and guide rail, all degrees of freedom of nodes on the bottom surface of the guide rail, brake pressure load is applied on the back of the safety gear friction plate, the pressure load is kept linearly between t = 0-10μs, the maximum load is 20MPa, and then this load is kept unchanged during the sliding stage (t = 10μs-40μs);

[0119] After the normal load is applied, the friction plate is tightly attached to the guide rail. At this time, the tangential sliding speed is applied, and the smooth amplitude step loading is adopted. The speed is loaded to the initial braking speed of 4m / s, and the loading time is 1us (t=10μs-11μs), and then the constant speed is maintained during the entire sliding process;

[0120] In addition, the friction plate and the two side surfaces of the guide rail perpendicular to the Y-axis direction are constrained, and the constraint condition is Uy=URx=URz. Due to the presence of a large number of micro-convex bodies between the interfaces, the contour lines are relatively dense. Since the simulated stopping time is at the microsecond level, the effect of gravity and friction on the deceleration of the safety clamp is less than 0.0001m / s. Compared with its own stopping speed of 4m / s, the deceleration effect can be ignored. Therefore, the influence of gravity and friction on the speed is not considered.

[0121] Reference Figure 1 ,In step S4, the three-dimensional transient temperature field heat conduction equation inside the brake system safety clamp and the guide rail is formulated to facilitate the subsequent thermal-mechanical coupling analysis.

[0122] Specifically, through the analysis of the heat conduction equation and thermal boundary conditions, the heat conduction equation of the three-dimensional transient temperature field inside the safety clamp and guide rail of the brake system can be obtained as follows:

[0123]

[0124] Assume that the initial temperature of the safety gear and the guide rail is T0, and the initial conditions are:

[0125] T=T0

[0126] Heat conduction boundary conditions at the friction interface between the friction plate and the guide rail:

[0127]

[0128] Thermal convection boundary conditions for the friction plate and guide rail in contact with the air medium:

[0129]

[0130] Formulating the heat conduction equation is the basis for thermal-mechanical coupling analysis of elevator safety clamps. It can describe the heat conduction process, predict temperature distribution, analyze thermal stability, and provide guidance for design and improvement. By solving the heat conduction equation, accurate results can be obtained to help improve the thermal performance and reliability of elevator safety clamps.

[0131] Reference Figure 1 ,In step S5, energy changes, heat sources and heat losses are comprehensively considered to add to the energy equation, so as to provide more accurate analysis results.

[0132] Specifically, consider energy changes: The energy equation takes into account the energy changes in the heat conduction process, including heat conduction, heat radiation and heat convection. By adding the energy equation, the energy transfer and energy loss in actual situations can be simulated more accurately, thus providing more accurate analysis results;

[0133] Considering heat sources and heat losses: The addition of the energy equation allows us to consider possible heat sources and energy losses inside the elevator safety clamp. For example, electrical equipment inside the elevator safety clamp may generate heat, and ventilation or heat dissipation devices may cause energy losses. With the energy equation, we can better understand and evaluate the impact of these heat sources and heat losses on thermal conduction behavior.

[0134] Two objects or different parts of an object that are in full contact exchange internal energy due to the temperature gradient. Part of the heat energy generated by friction during elevator braking is transferred from the guide rail to the friction plate of the safety clamp. During the heat conduction process between the two, the heat per unit area of ​​the temperature surface passing through per unit time is called the heat flux density. It points to the direction of cooling along the normal of the isothermal surface and follows Fourier's law:

[0135]

[0136] Where q represents the heat flux, W / (m 2 ); k represents thermal conductivity, W / (m·k); Indicates the temperature gradient in the normal direction; “-” indicates the direction in which heat flow decreases.

[0137] When the elevator brakes, another part of the heat energy is transferred to the air in the form of thermal radiation. The energy emitted by the surface of a single object is determined by the Stefan-Boltzmann law:

[0138]

[0139] Where q* represents the heat flux per unit area emitted by the surface; ε represents the emissivity of the surface, and σ represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, σ = 5.67×10 -8 ,W / (m2 ·k 4 );T s Represents the thermodynamic temperature of the surface of an object.

[0140] Reference Figure 1 In step S6, the surface of the friction plate of the safety gear adopts tetrahedron elements, the back adopts hexahedron elements, and the guide rails all adopt tetrahedron elements to ensure the calculation accuracy and efficiency.

[0141] Specifically, the movement of the friction plate on the guide rail is a nonlinear process of thermal-mechanical coupling, and the amount of calculation is very large. Hexahedral units should be used as much as possible as before. In addition, from the perspective of calculation accuracy, this should also be the case. However, considering the model of the real rough surface, it is almost impossible to establish hexahedral units due to the large surface roughness. Therefore, we can only settle for the second best and use tetrahedral units. The surface of the friction plate uses tetrahedral units, the back uses hexahedral units, and the guide rails all use tetrahedral units. In order to ensure the calculation accuracy and efficiency, the mesh is refined in the contact area and its surface layer, with a unit size of 3μm and a unit size of 15μm away from the surface. The model contains a total of 334,514 C3D4T units and 12,800 C3D8RT units to ensure calculation accuracy and efficiency.

[0142] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 ,In step S7, according to the results of the numerical solution, a temperature cloud diagram and a temperature profile diagram are drawn to visualize the results, so as to facilitate the analysis of the thermal coupling results of the elevator safety clamp.

[0143] Specifically, numerical methods can provide sufficient precision and accuracy, especially in complex geometries and boundary conditions, and through careful meshing and appropriate selection of numerical algorithms, results close to exact solutions can be obtained;

[0144] Numerical solutions are flexible and applicable to a variety of problems and conditions. Whether it is a simple structure or a complex physical phenomenon, numerical methods can adapt and provide effective solutions.

[0145] The data generated by the numerical solution can be visualized and post-processed. By visualizing the results such as temperature distribution, heat flow, heat flux, etc., we can better understand the physical behavior of the problem and make further analysis and decisions.

[0146] Reference Figure 1 ,In step S8, the simulation results are compared with the actual monitored size and temperature data to verify the accuracy of the model;

[0147] When there are differences, adjust the model parameters or improve the boundary conditions and perform the simulation analysis again.

[0148] Specifically, by comparing the numerical simulation results with the actual observation data, the accuracy of the thermal model can be verified. If there is a difference between the simulation results and the actual situation, it means that there may be problems with the model or further optimization is needed. Result verification can help confirm the reliability of the simulation results and provide accurate analysis results.

[0149] Result verification can also reveal problems or deficiencies in the model. If the simulation results are inconsistent with the actual observed data, it may be necessary to adjust the model parameters, improve the boundary conditions, or adopt a more accurate numerical solution method. Through result verification, the limitations of the model can be identified and resolved, thereby improving the model's predictive ability and accuracy.

[0150] Reference Figure 2 , the safety clamp clamping mechanism comprises: a support plate 1, a displacement assembly 2 and a supporting mechanism 3;

[0151] A displacement assembly 2 is provided on the support plate 1;

[0152] One side of the support plate 1 is connected to a supporting mechanism 3 through a displacement assembly 2, and the supporting mechanism 3 is convenient for supporting the safety clamp of the elevator;

[0153] The supporting mechanism 3 includes a supporting portion 31 and a clamping portion 32, so that the staff can quickly measure the geometric parameters of the safety clamp;

[0154] The supporting portion 31 includes a mounting block 311, a slot 312 is formed through one side of the mounting block 311, a connecting tube 313 is slidably connected inside the slot 312, a rotating rod 314 is rotatably connected inside the connecting tube 313, and the clamping portion 32 is located at one end of the rotating rod 314, so as to facilitate pushing and rotating the safety clamp, and further facilitate the staff to quickly and comprehensively measure the geometric parameters of the safety clamp.

[0155] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 Damping bearings are installed on the inner sides of both ends of the connecting pipe 313, and the rotating rod 314 is located in the damping bearings, so that there is resistance to the rotation of the rotating rod 314, thereby preventing the rotating rod 314 from rotating at will.

[0156] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The supporting mechanism 3 also includes a flipping portion 33, which facilitates the rotation of the rotating rod 314 without the need for the staff to manually rotate the rotating rod 314.

[0157] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4The flip part 33 includes a gear 331, which is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating rod 314. One side of the support plate 1 is fixedly connected to a rack 333 through a connecting plate 332. When the gear 331 moves to a position meshing with the rack 333, the gear 331 continues to move upward, so that the gear 331 can rotate in cooperation with the rack 333, thereby driving the rotating rod 314 to rotate.

[0158] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 The supporting mechanism 3 further specifically includes an adjusting portion 34, and the adjusting portion 34 is used to adjust the supporting portion 31 to move left and right.

[0159] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 The adjusting portion 34 includes an adjusting plate 343, a first through slot 344 is formed on one side of the adjusting plate 343, and a first through slot 346 is formed on the front side of the mounting block 311. A guide rod 345 is detachably fixedly connected to the front side of the connecting tube 313, and the guide rod 345 is slidably connected to the second through slot 346, so as to facilitate driving the connecting tube 313 to move.

[0160] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 The number of the adjusting plates 343 is two, so that the safety clamp starts to rotate after it rises to a certain height. When the safety clamp rotates and descends, the safety clamp cannot continue to rotate.

[0161] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 The first through slot 344 has one side with an inner wall thereof being vertical, the other side with an inner wall thereof being obtuse-angled, and the other sides with the inner walls of the two first through slots 344 being arranged in opposite directions, and the two adjustment plates 343 being staggered, so that when the guide rod 345 moves out from the first through slot 344 located at the bottom and enters the first through slot 344 located at the top, the guide rod 345 can contact the inclined surface of the first through slot 344, so that the guide rod 345 can be displaced, and the displacement of the guide rod 345 can drive the displacement of the connecting pipe 313, the rotating rod 314, the gear 331 and the clamping part 32, so that when the supporting part 31 moves downward, the gear 331 will not contact the rack 333, thereby ensuring that the safety clamp will not rotate again during the descending process.

[0162] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 A groove 342 is formed on one side of the two fixing frames 341 close to each other, so that the movement of the mounting block 311 is not blocked and the guide rod 345 can enter the interior of the first through groove 344 .

[0163] Reference Figure 4 The clamping portion 32 includes a mounting plate 321 , which is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod 314 . The mounting plate 321 has a U-shaped cross section, so that the safety clamp can be easily placed on the inner side of the mounting plate 321 .

[0164] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 7 , threaded rods 322 are threadedly connected to both sides of the top of the mounting plate 321, so as to facilitate clamping and fixing the safety clamp.

[0165] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 7 The bottom end of the threaded rod 322 is fixedly connected with a clamping plate 323 to increase the contact area with the safety clamp.

[0166] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 7 A pad 324 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the clamp 323, and the pad 324 is made of rubber material, so as to facilitate the protection of the safety clamp.

[0167] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 7 A knob is fixedly connected to the top of the threaded rod 322, and a friction strip is arranged on the outside of the knob to increase the friction of the hand of the staff when turning the knob.

[0168] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A slide groove is provided on one side of the support plate 1, in which a screw sleeve 22 is slidably connected, and a reciprocating screw rod 21 is rotatably connected in the slide groove. The screw sleeve 22 is threadedly sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating screw rod 21, and the screw sleeve 22 is fixedly connected to the mounting block 311 through a connecting rod, thereby facilitating the mounting block 311 to reciprocate.

[0169] Reference Figure 2 A mounting groove is formed through the top of the support plate 1, in which a ball bearing is embedded. A motor 23 is mounted on the top of the support plate 1, and the output end of the motor 23 is located in the ball bearing. The output end of the motor 23 is coaxially fixedly connected to the top of the reciprocating screw 21, thereby facilitating the reciprocating screw 21 to rotate.

[0170] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The supporting mechanism 3 further specifically includes a positioning portion 35 , which facilitates positioning of the connecting pipe 313 .

[0171] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5The positioning portion 35 includes a mounting tube 351, which is located at the top of the mounting block 311. A fixing ring 352 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting tube 351. A sliding rod 353 is connected to the mounting tube 351 through an elastic member, and the sliding rod 353 is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixing ring 352. A damping ball 356 is installed at the bottom end of the sliding rod 353, so as to prevent the connecting tube 313 from being displaced when the guide rod 345 moves out of the first through groove 344.

[0172] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The elastic member includes a slide plate 354 and a spring 355. The slide plate 354 is fixedly connected to the top of the slide rod 353, and the slide plate 354 is slidably connected to the inner side of the mounting tube 351. The spring 355 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate 354. The bottom end of the spring 355 is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing ring 352, and the spring 355 is sleeved on the outside of the slide rod 353, so as to prevent the slide rod 353 from moving at will.

[0173] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 A thread groove is formed through the top of the mounting block 311 , and the mounting tube 351 is threadedly connected in the thread groove, so that the mounting tube 351 can be easily disassembled and assembled.

[0174] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The diameter of the slide plate 354 is larger than the diameter of the inner circle of the fixing ring 352 , thereby preventing the slide plate 354 from being separated from the mounting tube 351 .

[0175] The implementation principle of a thermal coupling analysis method for an elevator progressive safety clamp in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: when the staff needs to collect the geometric parameters of the safety clamp, the staff can place the safety clamp on the inner side of the mounting plate 321, screw the threaded rod 322 to clamp and fix the safety clamp, and then start the motor 23 through an external controller. The start of the motor 23 can drive the reciprocating screw rod 21 to rotate, thereby driving the screw sleeve 22 to move upward, and the screw sleeve 22 drives the supporting mechanism 3 to move upward through the connecting rod, thereby driving the safety clamp to move upward. When the gear 331 rises to the position meshing with the rack 333, it is driven by the rack 333 to rotate the gear 331, thereby driving the rotating rod 314 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating rod 314 can drive the clamping part 32 to rotate, thereby driving the safety clamp to rotate ninety degrees, from a horizontal state to a vertical state. At this time, the supporting part 31 and the safety clamp continue to move upward. When the guide rod 345 enters When the locking cam 331 is in the locked state, the locking cam 331 is in the locked state, and the locking cam 331 is in the locked state.

[0176] The present invention can facilitate the accurate generation of the real rough surface of the friction plate and the guide rail of the safety clamp, facilitate the reduction of the error in the thermal coupling analysis, and further improve the accuracy of the analysis results. By setting up a supporting mechanism, it is convenient for the staff to quickly flip the heavy safety clamp, so that the staff can quickly and comprehensively measure the geometric parameters of the safety clamp, thereby facilitating the improvement of the efficiency of the subsequent thermal coupling analysis.

[0177] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for elevator progressive safety clamps, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Collect parameter and geometric information to facilitate the subsequent accurate establishment of thermal model; S2. Establish a thermal model to analyze the heat conduction process and temperature distribution inside the elevator safety clamp; S3. Set boundary conditions to better simulate the heat conduction behavior in real situations; S4. Formulate heat conduction equations to facilitate the description of heat conduction processes, prediction of temperature distribution, and analysis of thermal stability; S5. Add energy equations to more accurately simulate energy transfer and energy loss in actual situations; S6. Perform meshing to facilitate discretization of geometric shapes and balance accuracy and computational efficiency; S7, numerical solution and analysis results, so that the staff can obtain reliable analysis results; S8. Result verification and optimization, to verify the accuracy and reliability of the model and improve the accuracy of the model analysis results; The parameters collected in step S1 mainly include the thermophysical parameters of the elevator safety clamp and the guide rail; the temperature of the elevator safety clamp and the guide rail is detected at multiple points by a temperature sensor; In the collection of geometric information, the size, shape and possible special structure of the elevator safety clamp and guide rail are mainly collected to better describe the structure and thermal characteristics of the elevator safety clamp and provide more reliable and realistic results for subsequent thermal coupling analysis; Place the safety gear on the safety gear clamping mechanism to inspect its size and shape; The safety clamping mechanism comprises: a support plate, a displacement assembly and a supporting mechanism; A displacement component is provided on the support plate; One side of the support plate is connected with a supporting mechanism via a displacement assembly; The supporting mechanism includes a supporting part, a clamping part, a turning part, a positioning part and an adjusting part; The supporting part includes a mounting block, a slot is formed through one side of the mounting block, a connecting pipe is slidably connected inside the slot, a rotating rod is rotatably connected inside the connecting pipe, and the clamping part is located at one end of the rotating rod; The flipping part includes a gear, which is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating rod, and one side of the supporting plate is fixedly connected to a rack through a connecting plate; The adjusting part comprises an adjusting plate, one side of which is fixedly connected to the supporting plate through a fixing frame, and a guide rod is detachably fixedly connected to the front side of the connecting pipe; The clamping part includes a mounting plate, which is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod; both sides of the top of the mounting plate are threadedly connected with threaded rods; the bottom end of the threaded rod is fixedly connected to a clamping plate; the bottom of the clamping plate is fixedly connected to a pad; and the top end of the threaded rod is fixedly connected to a knob; The positioning part includes a mounting tube, the mounting tube is located on the top of the mounting block, a fixing ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting tube, a sliding rod is connected to the inside of the mounting tube through an elastic member, and the sliding rod is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixing ring; When it is necessary to collect the geometric parameters of the safety clamp, the safety clamp is placed on the inner side of the mounting plate, the threaded rod is screwed to clamp and fix the safety clamp, and the motor is started by the external controller to drive the reciprocating screw rod to rotate, thereby driving the screw sleeve to move upward, and the screw sleeve drives the supporting mechanism to move upward through the connecting rod, thereby driving the safety clamp to move upward. When the gear rises to the position meshing with the rack, it is driven by the rack to rotate the gear, thereby driving the rotating rod to rotate, and the rotating rod drives the clamping part to rotate, thereby driving the safety clamp to rotate ninety degrees, from a horizontal state to a vertical state. At this time, the supporting part and the safety clamp continue to move upward, and when the guide rod enters the first through groove located above The guide rod contacts the inclined surface of the inner wall of the upper first through groove, so that the guide rod drives the connecting pipe to move horizontally, the connecting pipe drives the rotating rod and the clamping part to move, the rotating rod drives the gear to move, and then with the cooperation of the reciprocating screw rod and the screw sleeve, the supporting mechanism starts to move downward. Since the gear moves a certain distance, the gear will not contact the rack when it moves downward, so that the vertical safety clamp can move downward. When the guide rod enters the similar first through groove, the guide rod contacts the inclined surface of the inner wall of the lower first through groove, so that the gear moves to a position on the same vertical plane as the rack, which is convenient for the staff to quickly and comprehensively measure the safety clamp.

2. The thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for the elevator progressive safety clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the fractal surface of the safety gear friction plate and the guide rail is generated by using the three-dimensional form of the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot fractal function; Double rough surfaces are used to numerically simulate the thermal-mechanical coupling behavior of the friction plate and the guide rail. In addition to the microscopic modeling of the friction plate and the guide rail, only a short transient process can be considered in terms of simulation time. Since the simulation time is less than one thousandth of the entire braking time, it is assumed that the speed remains unchanged during the braking process. Where L is the sampling length; G is a frequency-independent scale factor; M is the number of superimposed wrinkles that generate the rough surface; φm,n is the random phase uniformly distributed between (0, 2π); D is the fractal dimension, 2 <D<3;γ (D-3)n represents frequency, n is the frequency coefficient, its maximum value represents the upper limit of frequency, and Ls represents the cutoff length; By comparing the measured values ​​and the simulated values, it can be found that the surface roughness and surface average deviation of the two are very close. Finally, the rough surface data cloud map is imported into the 3D modeling software to generate the corresponding fractal surface.

3. The thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for the elevator progressive safety clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, setting boundary conditions includes: thermal boundary conditions, determining initial temperature, determining ambient temperature and load boundary conditions, so as to more accurately simulate the heat conduction behavior in real situations.

4. The thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for elevator progressive safety gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, a three-dimensional transient temperature field heat conduction equation inside the brake system safety clamp and the guide rail is formulated to facilitate subsequent thermal-mechanical coupling analysis: The heat conduction equation of the three-dimensional transient temperature field inside the brake system safety clamp and guide rail is: Assume that the initial temperature of the safety gear and the guide rail is T0, and the initial conditions are: T=T0 Heat conduction boundary conditions at the friction interface between the friction plate and the guide rail: Thermal convection boundary conditions for the friction plate and guide rail in contact with the air medium: Accurate results can be obtained to help improve the thermal performance and reliability of elevator safety clamps.

5. The thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for elevator progressive safety gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, energy changes, heat sources and heat losses are comprehensively considered to add energy equations, so as to provide more accurate analysis results; Two objects or different parts of an object that are in full contact exchange internal energy due to the temperature gradient. Part of the heat energy generated by friction during elevator braking is transferred from the guide rail to the friction plate of the safety clamp. During the heat conduction process between the two, the heat per unit area of ​​the temperature surface passing through per unit time is called the heat flux density. It points to the direction of cooling along the normal of the isothermal surface and follows Fourier's law: Where q represents the heat flux, W / (m 2 ); k represents thermal conductivity, W / (m·k); Indicates the temperature gradient in the normal direction; "-" indicates the direction in which the heat flow decreases; When the elevator brakes, another part of the heat energy is transferred to the air in the form of thermal radiation. The energy emitted by the surface of a single object is determined by the Stefan-Boltzmann law: Where q* represents the heat flux per unit area emitted by the surface; ε represents the emissivity of the surface, and σ represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, σ = 5.67×10 －8 ,W / (m 2 ·k 4 );T s Represents the thermodynamic temperature of the surface of an object.

6. The thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for the elevator progressive safety clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the surface of the friction plate of the safety gear adopts tetrahedron units, the back adopts hexahedron units, and the guide rails all adopt tetrahedron units to ensure calculation accuracy and efficiency.

7. The thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for the elevator progressive safety clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, based on the result of the numerical solution, a temperature cloud diagram and a temperature cross-sectional diagram are drawn to visualize the result, so as to facilitate the analysis of the thermal coupling result of the elevator safety clamp.

8. The thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for the elevator progressive safety gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S8, the simulation results are compared with the actual monitored size and temperature data to verify the accuracy of the model; When there are differences, adjust the model parameters or improve the boundary conditions and perform the simulation analysis again.

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