A combustible cabin ventilation fire extinguishing system for a ship and a method of operating the same

Abstract

This invention provides a ventilation and fire protection system for flammable compartments on ships and its operation method, including ship compartments, roof beams, roof longitudinal girder, carbon dioxide release nozzles, flammable gas detection sensors, exhaust fans, flammable gas cylinder groups, compartment air inlets, at least two air curtain machines, air ducts, air dampers, and carbon dioxide sensors. This invention forms an air curtain above the flammable gas source using the air curtain machines in the ship's flammable gas compartments, preventing the accumulation of flammable gas in the roof cavity and enhancing the compartment ventilation effect. In the event of a fire, the air curtain machines can reverse operation, improving the fire extinguishing effect of the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system. This invention improves the fire safety of new energy ships while effectively reducing the energy consumption of the ventilation system, resulting in cost savings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ship design and construction technology, and in particular relates to a ventilation and fire protection system for combustible compartments of ships and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of human industry, global resource and environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent. As a crucial component of the transportation sector, traditional ships rely heavily on fossil fuels such as heavy oil and diesel, leading to increasingly serious issues like energy consumption, exhaust emissions, and oil spill pollution. To address these shortcomings of traditional ships, new energy vessels such as LNG carriers, pure electric ships, fuel cell ships, and solar-powered ships have experienced rapid development in recent years. These new energy vessels typically use gaseous fuels or batteries as their power source. Both can leak or release flammable gases during storage and operation. Accumulation of these gases within the ship's hold can easily lead to combustion or explosion, posing a serious threat to the ship's fire safety.

[0003] Solutions to the above problems mainly include: storing combustible gases on the deck or in the top compartment of the ship, taking advantage of the fact that most combustible gases are less dense than air, so that the leaked gas will naturally rise; installing ventilation systems in the compartments where combustible gases are stored to remove the leaked gas in a timely manner; and installing combustible gas concentration detectors and temperature sensors in the gas storage compartments to activate the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system to extinguish open flames when a flame is detected.

[0004] The above solutions have some effect on improving the fire safety of new energy ships, but there are still some problems that need to be solved: the space on the ship's deck and top compartments is limited. As the scale of new energy ship construction increases, gaseous fuels or batteries will be installed in the internal compartments, and the leaked combustible gases will not be able to dissipate naturally; the ship's load-bearing floors widely use beams and longitudinal girder, forming many cavities in the top of the compartments, and the combustible gases accumulated in the cavities are difficult to be extracted by the ventilation system; after the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system is released, the carbon dioxide gas begins to accumulate from the bottom and cannot quickly fill the compartments, which has an adverse effect on the fire extinguishing effect of the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the existing technical problems, the main objective of this invention is to provide a ventilation and fire protection system for flammable compartments on ships and its operation method. This system can effectively prevent flammable gases from accumulating in the cavity at the top of the compartments. At the same time, it can assist in the rapid filling of the compartments with carbon dioxide gas when the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system is activated. It has beneficial effects such as reducing the accumulation of flammable gases, saving energy consumption of the ventilation system, and improving the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing effect.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned technical features, the present invention provides a ventilation and fire protection system for a ship's combustible compartment, comprising a ship compartment, with a group of combustible gas cylinders for storing flammable gas placed at the bottom of the compartment; cross-arranged roof beams and roof longitudinal girder are provided on the inner wall of the top of the ship compartment; multiple sets of combustible gas detection sensors are installed in the cavity formed by the intersection of the roof beams and roof longitudinal girder, and the combustible gas detection sensors are connected to the ship's control console via signal lines; multiple sets of carbon dioxide release nozzles are installed on the inner top of the ship compartment, and the carbon dioxide release nozzles are connected to a carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system via pipes; a first air curtain machine and a second air curtain machine are installed on the upper part of the two side walls of the ship compartment, and are connected to the outside air via air ducts; a compartment exhaust fan is installed on the side wall where the first air curtain machine is located, and is connected to the outside air via air ducts; a compartment air inlet is installed on the side wall where the second air curtain machine is located, and is positioned on the side where the air curtain machine blows air into the compartment, and is also connected to the outside air via air ducts.

[0007] The installation height of the first and second air curtain machines should be lower than the height of the cabin roof crossbeams and cabin roof longitudinal girder.

[0008] The installation height of the cabin exhaust fan is lower than the height of the air curtain formed by the convection of the first and second air curtain machines.

[0009] The installation height of the cabin air inlet shall not be higher than the height of the cabin exhaust fan outlet.

[0010] The first and second air curtain machines are equipped with multiple sets of air curtain fans that can operate in both directions in the direction of air flow.

[0011] The air inlets and outlets of the first and second air curtain machines are equipped with closable air guide vanes.

[0012] Carbon dioxide sensors are installed in the ducts that connect to the first and second air curtain machines.

[0013] The air ducts connected to the cabin exhaust fan and cabin air inlet are equipped with airlocks to isolate the cabin from the outside air.

[0014] The combustible gas detection sensor contains a chemical agent that can adsorb or absorb combustible gases.

[0015] An operation method for a ventilation and fire protection system for a ship's combustible compartments includes the following workflow:

[0016] Workflow 1: When the ship's combustible compartments are operating normally, the guide vanes of the first and second air curtain machines are opened, and the air duct airlocks are opened; the first air curtain machine draws air outward, and the second air curtain machine blows air inward, forming an air curtain above the combustible gas cylinder group and below the roof beams and longitudinal girder. The leaked combustible gas cannot pass through the air curtain into the roof cavity and will be discharged from the compartment through the air duct via the first air curtain machine with the airflow in the air curtain; then the compartment exhaust fan is started to extract the air mixed with the leaked combustible gas in the ship's compartments, and fresh air enters through the compartment air inlet to ensure that the concentration of combustible gas in the ship's compartments is maintained at a low level;

[0017] Workflow 2: When the first or second air curtain machine malfunctions or the air curtain it generates is blocked, combustible gas will enter the roof cavity and accumulate. At this time, the combustible gas detection sensor detects an abnormal increase in the concentration of combustible gas in the roof cavity, sends an alarm message to the ship's control console, and releases stored chemical agents to remove the combustible gas in the roof cavity.

[0018] Workflow 3: When a fire occurs in a combustible compartment of the ship, the compartment exhaust fan stops working, and the air dampers of the compartment exhaust fan and the air inlet duct of the compartment are closed; the carbon dioxide release nozzles begin to release carbon dioxide gas; since carbon dioxide is denser than air, carbon dioxide will begin to accumulate from the bottom of the compartment and gradually fill the compartment; at this time, the air curtain fan in the second air curtain machine begins to run in reverse to extract the air in the compartment, creating a negative pressure suction force on the carbon dioxide gas deposited at the bottom of the compartment, assisting the carbon dioxide gas to quickly fill the compartment; when the carbon dioxide sensor detects a high concentration of carbon dioxide, it indicates that the carbon dioxide gas has filled the compartment, at which point the air curtain fan stops operating, the guide vanes close, and a sealing and suffocating effect is achieved for the fire in the ship's compartment.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. This invention isolates combustible gases through an invisible wind curtain, preventing their accumulation in the interior space of the ship's cabins. It eliminates the need for additional cabin roof panels, thereby improving the safety of new energy ships and saving costs.

[0021] 2. This invention uses a high-pressure, low-volume air curtain machine with low power consumption and auxiliary ventilation effect, which can control the concentration of combustible gas in the cabin without the need to install a high-power exhaust fan, thus reducing power consumption.

[0022] 3. This invention improves the fire-fighting performance of new energy ships by employing a reversible air curtain machine that assists the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system.

[0023] 4. By adopting the above-mentioned installation height requirements for the first and second air curtain machines, it is ensured that the air curtains formed by the first and second air curtain machines will not be interfered with or blocked by the cabin roof beams and longitudinal girder.

[0024] 5. The installation height of the cabin exhaust fan mentioned above ensures that the cabin exhaust fan will not interfere with the air curtain.

[0025] 6. The air curtain fan described above not only ensures that it can form positive air convection, but can also be used for carbon dioxide extraction when carbon dioxide fire extinguishing is used.

[0026] 7. The carbon dioxide sensor described above facilitates the detection of carbon dioxide concentration when using carbon dioxide for fire extinguishing, in order to determine whether the interior of the ship's cabins is filled with carbon dioxide. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top of the cabin in this invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the internal structure of an air curtain machine.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the cabin ventilation of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the fire-fighting auxiliary device of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Ship compartment; 2. Compartment exhaust fan; 3. Combustible gas cylinder group; 4. Compartment air inlet.

[0034] 101, 102, 103, 104; 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 100, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 10 ...

[0035] First air curtain machine 501, second air curtain machine 502, air guide vane 503, air curtain machine fan 504. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] See Figure 1-3This embodiment provides a ventilation and fire protection system for a ship's combustible compartment. It includes a ship compartment 1, with a combustible gas cylinder group 3 for storing flammable gas placed at the bottom of the compartment 1. The inner wall of the top of the ship compartment 1 is provided with cross-arranged roof beams 101 and roof longitudinal girder 102. Multiple sets of combustible gas detection sensors 104 are installed in the cavity formed by the intersection of the roof beams 101 and roof longitudinal girder 102, and the combustible gas detection sensors 104 are connected to the ship's control console via signal lines. Multiple sets of carbon dioxide... Carbon dioxide release nozzles 103 are connected to the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system via pipes. A first air curtain 501 and a second air curtain 502 are installed on the upper part of both side walls of the ship's compartment 1, and are connected to the outside air via ducts. A compartment exhaust fan 2 is installed on the side of the compartment where the first air curtain 501 is located, and is connected to the outside air via ducts. A compartment air inlet 4 is installed on the side of the compartment where the second air curtain 502 is located, positioned on the side of the air curtain blowing air into the compartment, and is also connected to the outside air via ducts. By employing the above-mentioned ventilation and fire-fighting system, the accumulation of combustible gases in the cavity at the top of the compartment can be effectively prevented. Simultaneously, it can assist in the rapid filling of the compartment with carbon dioxide gas when the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system is activated, resulting in beneficial effects such as reducing the accumulation of combustible gases, saving energy consumption of the ventilation system, and improving the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing effect.

[0039] Furthermore, the installation height of the first air curtain machine 501 and the second air curtain machine 502 is lower than the height of the cabin roof beam 101 and the cabin roof longitudinal girder 102. By adopting the above-mentioned installation height requirements for the first air curtain machine 501 and the second air curtain machine 502, it is ensured that the air curtain formed by the first air curtain machine 501 and the second air curtain machine 502 will not be interfered with or obstructed by the cabin roof beam 101 and the cabin roof longitudinal girder 102.

[0040] Furthermore, the installation height of the cabin exhaust fan 2 is lower than the height of the air curtain formed by the convection of the first air curtain machine 501 and the second air curtain machine 502. This installation height ensures that the cabin exhaust fan 2 will not interfere with the air curtain.

[0041] Furthermore, the installation height of the cabin air inlet 4 is not higher than the height of the cabin exhaust fan 2. The aforementioned cabin air inlet 4 ensures that it can cooperate with the cabin exhaust fan 2, thereby forming gas convection at the bottom of the ship's cabin 1.

[0042] Furthermore, the first air curtain machine 501 and the second air curtain machine 502 are equipped with multiple sets of air curtain machine fans 504 that can operate in both forward and reverse directions in the direction of airflow. The aforementioned air curtain machine fans 504 ensure that they can form positive air convection and can also be used for carbon dioxide extraction when carbon dioxide fire extinguishing is used.

[0043] Furthermore, the air inlets and outlets of the first air curtain 501 and the second air curtain 502 are equipped with closable guide vanes 503. These guide vanes 503 facilitate the closing or opening of the air outlets of the first air curtain 501 and the second air curtain 502, thereby cooperating to achieve the fire extinguishing function.

[0044] Furthermore, carbon dioxide sensors are installed in the air ducts connected to the first air curtain 501 and the second air curtain 502. These carbon dioxide sensors facilitate the detection of carbon dioxide concentration during carbon dioxide fire suppression to determine whether the interior of the ship's compartment 1 is filled with carbon dioxide.

[0045] Furthermore, airlocks are installed in the ducts connected to the cabin exhaust fan 2 and the cabin air inlet 4 to isolate the cabin from the outside air. The airlocks facilitate the control of opening and closing the ducts of the cabin exhaust fan 2 and the cabin air inlet 4, thereby facilitating the formation of a sealed cavity inside the ship's cabin 1.

[0046] Furthermore, the combustible gas detection sensor 104 stores a chemical agent capable of adsorbing or absorbing combustible gases. By employing the aforementioned combustible gas detection sensor 104, it can both detect combustible gases and adsorb them, thereby achieving a fire extinguishing effect.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] See Figure 4-5 An operation method for a ventilation and fire protection system for combustible compartments on a ship includes the following workflow:

[0049] Workflow 1: When the ship's combustible compartment 1 is operating normally, the guide vanes 503 of the first air curtain machine 501 and the second air curtain machine 502 are opened, and the air duct airlock is opened; the first air curtain machine 501 draws air outward, and the second air curtain machine 502 blows air inward, forming an air curtain above the combustible gas cylinder group 3 and below the top beam 101 and the top longitudinal girder 102. The leaked combustible gas cannot pass through the air curtain into the top cavity and will be discharged from the compartment through the air duct via the first air curtain machine 501 along with the airflow in the air curtain; then the compartment exhaust fan 2 is started to extract the air mixed with the leaked combustible gas in the ship's compartment 1, and fresh air enters through the compartment air inlet 4 to ensure that the concentration of combustible gas in the ship's compartment 1 is maintained at a low level;

[0050] Workflow 2: When the first air curtain machine 501 or the second air curtain machine 502 malfunctions or the air curtain it generates is blocked, combustible gas will enter the roof cavity and accumulate. At this time, the combustible gas detection sensor 104 detects an abnormal increase in the concentration of combustible gas in the roof cavity, sends an alarm message to the ship's control console, and releases stored chemical agents to remove the combustible gas in the roof cavity.

[0051] Workflow 3: When a fire occurs in cabin 1 of the ship's combustible compartments, the cabin exhaust fan 2 stops working, and the air dampers of the cabin exhaust fan 2 and the cabin air inlet 4 are closed; the carbon dioxide release nozzle 103 begins to release carbon dioxide gas; since carbon dioxide is denser than air, carbon dioxide will begin to accumulate from the bottom of the cabin and gradually fill the cabin; at this time, the air curtain fan 504 in the second air curtain 502 begins to run in reverse to extract the air in the cabin, creating a negative pressure suction force on the carbon dioxide gas deposited at the bottom of the cabin, assisting the carbon dioxide gas to quickly fill the cabin; when the carbon dioxide sensor detects a high concentration of carbon dioxide, it indicates that the carbon dioxide gas has filled the cabin, at which point the air curtain fan 504 stops operating, the guide vanes 503 close, and a sealing and suffocating effect is produced on the fire in cabin 1 of the ship.

Claims

1. A ship combustible cabin ventilation fire fighting system characterized by: It includes a ship cabin (1), the inner bottom of the ship cabin (1) is provided with a combustible gas bottle group (3) for storing fuel gas; the top inner wall of the ship cabin (1) is provided with cross-arranged cabin top cross beams (101) and cabin top longitudinal beams (102); a plurality of groups of combustible gas detection sensors (104) are installed in the cavity formed by the cross of the cabin top cross beams (101) and the cabin top longitudinal beams (102), and the combustible gas detection sensors (104) are connected to the ship control console through signal lines; a plurality of groups of carbon dioxide release nozzles (103) are installed on the inner top of the ship cabin (1), and the carbon dioxide release nozzles (103) are connected with a carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system through pipelines; first air curtain machines (501) and second air curtain machines (502) are installed on the upper parts of the two side walls of the ship cabin (1) and are connected with external air through air ducts; a cabin air extractor (2) is installed on the cabin wall on the side of the first air curtain machine (501) and is connected to external air through an air duct; a cabin air inlet (4) is installed on the cabin wall on the side of the second air curtain machine (502) and is located on the side of the air curtain machine blowing air into the cabin, and is connected to external air through an air duct; The installation height of the first air curtain machine (501) and the second air curtain machine (502) is lower than the height of the cabin top cross beam (101) and the cabin top longitudinal beam (102); The installation height of the cabin air extractor (2) is lower than the height of the air curtain formed by the convection of the first air curtain machine (501) and the second air curtain machine (502); The installation height of the cabin air inlet (4) is not higher than the height of the air extraction port of the cabin air extractor (2); The first air curtain machine (501) and the second air curtain machine (502) are provided with a plurality of sets of air curtain machine fans (504) capable of operating in forward and reverse directions in the direction of air flow.

2. A marine combustible compartment ventilation fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterised in that: The air inlet and the air outlet of the first air curtain machine (501) and the second air curtain machine (502) are provided with wind guide leaves (503) capable of being closed.

3. A marine combustible compartment ventilation fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A carbon dioxide sensor is installed in the air duct connected with the first air curtain machine (501) and the second air curtain machine (502).

4. A marine combustible compartment ventilation fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air lock is installed in the air duct connected with the cabin air extractor (2) and the cabin air inlet (4), which can isolate the cabin from the air outside the cabin.

5. A marine combustible compartment ventilation fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustible gas detection sensor (104) stores a chemical agent capable of adsorbing or absorbing combustible gas.

6. A method of operating a combustible compartment ventilation fire extinguishing system for a marine vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, The following working process is included: Workflow 1: When the ship compartment (1) of the combustible compartment is working normally, the guide vanes (503) of the first air curtain machine (501) and the second air curtain machine (502) are opened, and the air duct air gate is opened; the first air curtain machine (501) draws air outward, and the second air curtain machine (502) blows air inward, forming an air curtain above the combustible gas cylinder group (3) and below the top beam (101) and the top longitudinal girder (102). The leaked combustible gas cannot pass through the air curtain into the top cavity, and will be discharged from the compartment through the air duct via the first air curtain machine (501) along with the airflow in the air curtain; then the compartment exhaust fan (2) is started to extract the air mixed with the leaked combustible gas in the ship compartment (1), and fresh air enters through the compartment air inlet (4) to ensure that the concentration of combustible gas in the ship compartment (1) is maintained at a low level; Workflow 2: When the first air curtain machine (501) or the second air curtain machine (502) malfunctions or the generated air curtain is blocked, combustible gas will enter the roof cavity and accumulate. At this time, the combustible gas detection sensor (104) detects an abnormal increase in the concentration of combustible gas in the roof cavity. The combustible gas detection sensor (104) sends an alarm message to the ship's control console and releases stored chemical agents to remove the combustible gas in the roof cavity. Workflow 3: When a fire occurs in the ship's combustible compartment (1), the compartment exhaust fan (2) stops working, and the air gates of the compartment exhaust fan (2) and the air inlet (4) duct are closed; the carbon dioxide release nozzle (103) begins to release carbon dioxide gas; since carbon dioxide is denser than air, carbon dioxide will begin to deposit from the bottom of the compartment and gradually fill the compartment; at this time, the air curtain fan (504) in the second air curtain fan (502) begins to run in reverse to extract the air in the compartment, generating negative pressure suction on the carbon dioxide gas deposited at the bottom of the compartment, assisting the carbon dioxide gas to quickly fill the compartment; when the carbon dioxide sensor detects a high concentration of carbon dioxide, it indicates that the carbon dioxide gas has filled the compartment, at this time the air curtain fan (504) stops running, the guide vanes (503) are closed, and a sealing and suffocating effect is produced on the fire in the ship's compartment (1).

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