A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank, comprising a liquid hydrogen tank, a vaporizer, a heat exchanger, a pressure regulator, and a flow controller; the liquid hydrogen tank is used to store subcritical liquid hydrogen; the liquid discharge interface of the liquid hydrogen tank is connected to the vaporizer inlet, and the vaporizer is used to gasify the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas; the vaporizer outlet is connected to the heat exchanger inlet, and the heat exchanger is used to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen gas to a preset temperature; the heat exchanger outlet is connected to the pressure regulator inlet, and the pressure regulator is used to adjust the pressure of the hydrogen gas to a preset pressure; the pressure regulator outlet is connected to the flow controller inlet, and the flow controller is used to adjust the hydrogen gas to a preset flow rate; the flow controller outlet is connected to the fuel cell. The fuel cell storage and supply system of the present invention has the characteristics of high energy density and low weight by storing liquid hydrogen, and can be applied to space energy and electric propulsion systems, as well as to power and energy systems such as aircraft, ground transportation vehicles, ships, and submarines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of fuel cell energy technology, and in particular relates to a fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high-storage-density liquid hydrogen tank. The system can be applied to space energy and electric propulsion systems, as well as to power and energy systems such as aircraft, ground transportation vehicles, ships and submarines. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen / oxygen fuel cells offer advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, high specific energy, and environmental friendliness, making them a promising energy system. However, in current engineering applications, hydrogen / oxygen fuel cell energy systems primarily utilize high-pressure hydrogen storage, which presents challenges such as low storage density and high system weight. Consequently, the use of high-density liquid hydrogen tanks has been a key issue hindering fuel cell energy density. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to overcome these shortcomings by providing a fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high-storage-density liquid hydrogen tank. This system addresses the technical issues of low storage density and heavy system weight associated with hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell energy systems that utilize high-pressure hydrogen storage. By storing liquid hydrogen, the fuel cell storage and supply system of the present invention exhibits high energy density and low weight, and can be applied to space energy and electric propulsion systems, as well as power and energy systems for aircraft, ground transportation vehicles, ships, and submarines.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank, comprising a liquid hydrogen tank, a vaporizer, a heat exchanger, a pressure regulator and a flow controller;

[0006] Liquid hydrogen tank is used to store subcritical liquid hydrogen;

[0007] The liquid discharge interface of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the vaporizer, and the vaporizer is used to gasify the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas;

[0008] The vaporizer outlet is connected to the heat exchanger inlet, and the heat exchanger is used to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen to the working temperature;

[0009] The heat exchanger outlet is connected to the pressure regulator inlet, and the pressure regulator is used to adjust the pressure of hydrogen to the working pressure;

[0010] The pressure regulator outlet is connected to the flow controller inlet, and the flow controller is used to adjust the hydrogen to the working flow;

[0011] The outlet of the flow controller is connected to the fuel cell.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid hydrogen tank includes a shell and a fluid management device arranged inside the shell; the shell includes an inner shell, an insulating material, a support and an outer shell arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0013] The fluid management device is a multi-layered conical structure with a common apex. The apex of the multi-layered conical structure is fixed to the bottom of the shell. The circular bottom surface of the multi-layered conical structure is supported by the side walls and bottom of the shell. Each layer of the conical structure is provided with an opening for fluid to pass through. The apex of the multi-layered conical structure is provided with an opening for fluid to flow to the gasifier.

[0014] The two ends of the support are respectively connected to the inner shell and the outer shell to achieve support between the inner shell and the outer shell.

[0015] Further, the support includes a cold end, a first thermal insulation gasket set, a hollow rod, a second thermal insulation gasket set and a hot end;

[0016] The hollow rod is formed by winding carbon fiber composite material;

[0017] The cold end and the hot end are installed at both ends of the hollow rod respectively;

[0018] The cold end includes a circular portion and an I-shaped portion connected to each other, wherein the circular portion is connected to the outer surface of the inner shell, the I-shaped portion extends into the hollow rod, and a first thermal insulation gasket group and a second thermal insulation gasket group are respectively provided between the I-shaped portion and the outer end surface and the inner end surface of the hollow rod;

[0019] The first thermal insulation gasket group and the second thermal insulation gasket group each contain more than one layer of thermal insulation gaskets;

[0020] The hot end is connected to the inner surface of the shell through the ring part.

[0021] Furthermore, the volume of the subcritical liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen tank is less than or equal to 88% of the total volume of the liquid hydrogen tank;

[0022] The liquid hydrogen tank is also equipped with a vacuum interface;

[0023] Vacuum insulation is adopted between the inner shell and the outer shell. The vacuum interface is a one-way deflation structure, which is connected to the vacuum gauge through a manifold to ensure that the vacuum degree between the inner shell and the outer shell is better than 0.01Pa.

[0024] Furthermore, the liquid hydrogen tank is provided with a first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor for detecting the internal pressure and temperature of the liquid hydrogen tank;

[0025] The gasifier is provided with a second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor for detecting the internal pressure and temperature of the gasifier;

[0026] The heat exchanger is provided with a third temperature sensor for detecting the internal temperature of the heat exchanger;

[0027] A fourth front pressure sensor and a fourth rear pressure sensor are respectively provided in front of and behind the pressure regulator for detecting the pressure in front of and behind the pressure regulator;

[0028] A fifth pressure sensor and a fifth temperature sensor for detecting the pressure and temperature behind the flow controller are provided behind the flow controller.

[0029] Furthermore, the measuring range of the first pressure sensor is between 2 and 3 times the working pressure of the liquid hydrogen tank, and the measuring range of the first temperature sensor is between 15K and 30K;

[0030] The measuring range of the second pressure sensor is between 2 and 3 times the working pressure of the vaporizer, and the measuring range of the second temperature sensor is not less than 300K;

[0031] The measuring range of the fifth pressure sensor is no more than 2 times the operating pressure of the fuel cell.

[0032] Furthermore, a first safety valve is provided on the liquid hydrogen tank, and the first safety valve is used to discharge overpressure of the liquid hydrogen tank. Specifically, when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor installed on the liquid hydrogen tank is greater than a safety threshold, the first safety valve is opened;

[0033] The gasifier is provided with a second safety valve, which is used for overpressure discharge of the gasifier. Specifically, when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor installed on the gasifier is greater than the safety threshold, the second safety valve is opened.

[0034] Furthermore, a first solenoid valve is installed at the discharge interface of the liquid hydrogen tank, and a double-layer vacuum tube is used to connect the first solenoid valve to the vaporizer inlet;

[0035] A third solenoid valve is provided between the vaporizer outlet and the heat exchanger inlet;

[0036] A fifth solenoid valve is provided between the flow controller outlet and the fuel cell;

[0037] A filter is provided between the heat exchanger and the pressure regulator.

[0038] Furthermore, the pressure regulator determines a preliminary decompression ratio based on the difference between the test pressure value of the fourth front pressure sensor and the working pressure, and fine-tunes the preliminary decompression ratio based on the difference between the test pressure value of the fourth rear pressure sensor and the working pressure to obtain an optimized decompression ratio. The pressure regulator regulates the hydrogen pressure according to the optimized decompression ratio.

[0039] Furthermore, the gasifier utilizes the waste heat of the fuel cell to gasify the liquid hydrogen, and the heat exchanger utilizes the waste heat of the fuel cell to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen. The specific method includes:

[0040] The water generated after the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack generates electricity is stored in a water tank. The water in the water tank flows into the heat exchanger and the vaporizer through the first thermal control valve and the second thermal control valve respectively as a thermal control working medium; the first thermal control valve and the second thermal control valve are controlled respectively according to the measurement values ​​of the third temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) The fuel cell storage and supply system based on the high storage density liquid hydrogen tank of the present invention uses subcritical liquid hydrogen as the storage medium, which reduces the storage pressure and effectively reduces the mass of the storage container;

[0043] (2) The fuel cell storage and supply system based on the high storage density liquid hydrogen tank in the present invention uses subcritical liquid hydrogen as the storage medium, which increases the storage medium density by more than 80% and improves the convenience of system installation layout;

[0044] (3) In the fuel cell storage and supply system based on the high storage density liquid hydrogen tank of the present invention, a pressure and safety device linkage mechanism is adopted for the liquid hydrogen tank and the gasifier and other pressure-bearing units, thereby effectively improving the safety of the system;

[0045] (4) In the fuel cell storage and supply system based on the high storage density liquid hydrogen tank of the present invention, the gasifier and heat exchanger fully utilize the waste heat of the fuel cell, effectively improving the comprehensive utilization rate of the system;

[0046] (5) The fuel cell storage and supply system based on the high storage density liquid hydrogen tank in the present invention fully utilizes pressure sensors and temperature sensors and feedback control mechanisms such as heat exchangers, pressure controllers and flow controllers to effectively improve the reliability of the working system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank according to the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fluid management device;

[0050] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the supporting structure;

[0051] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of heat exchange for battery stack.

[0052] Description of reference numerals:

[0053] 1-Liquid hydrogen tank; 101-Cryogenic safety valve; 102-Cryogenic filling valve; 103-Cryogenic solenoid valve; 104-First pressure sensor; 105-First temperature sensor; 2-Carburettor; 201-Second safety valve; 202-Second pressure sensor; 203-Second temperature sensor; 3-Heat exchanger; 301-Third solenoid valve; 302-Third temperature sensor; 303-Filter; 4-Pressure regulator; 401-Fourth front pressure sensor; 402-Fourth rear pressure sensor; 403-Fourth solenoid valve; 5-Flow regulator; 501-Fifth pressure sensor; 502-Fifth temperature sensor; 503-Fifth solenoid valve;

[0054] 001-Drain interface; 002-Liquid hydrogen; 003-Fluid management device; 004-Inner shell; 005-Support; 006-Insulation material; 007-Outer shell; 008-Measurement interface; 009-Safety interface; 010-Vacuum interface; 011-Filling interface; 012-Installation interface;

[0055] 0051-cold end; 0052-first thermal insulation gasket set; 0053-hollow rod; 0054-second thermal insulation gasket set; 0055-hot end;

[0056] 601-hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack; 602-water tank; 603-integrated heat exchanger; 604-first thermal control valve; 605-second thermal control valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following detailed description of the present invention will make the features and advantages of the present invention more clear and explicit.

[0058] The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, example, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.

[0059] The present invention provides a fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank. Through the liquid hydrogen tank and system design, the fuel cell storage and supply system has the characteristics of high storage energy density, high safety, and low weight.

[0060] The present invention provides a fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank, comprising a liquid hydrogen tank, a vaporizer, a heat exchanger, a pressure regulator and a flow controller;

[0061] The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 stores subcritical liquid hydrogen and includes a cryogenic safety valve (first safety valve 101), a cryogenic filling valve 102, a cryogenic solenoid valve (first solenoid valve 103), a first pressure sensor 104, and a first temperature sensor 105. The vaporizer 2 utilizes the waste heat of the fuel cell to vaporize the liquid hydrogen and includes a second safety valve 201, a second pressure sensor 202, and a second temperature sensor 203. The heat exchanger 3 adjusts the vaporized hydrogen to the temperature required by the fuel cell and includes a third solenoid valve 301, a third temperature sensor 302, and a filter 303. The pressure regulator 4 adjusts the vaporized hydrogen to the pressure required by the fuel cell and includes a fourth front pressure sensor 401, a fourth rear pressure sensor 402, and a fourth solenoid valve 403. The flow controller 5 adjusts the vaporized hydrogen to the flow required by the fuel cell and includes a fifth pressure sensor 501, a fifth temperature sensor 502, and a fifth solenoid valve 503.

[0062] Example:

[0063] like Figure 1 The present invention provides a fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank, which includes a liquid hydrogen tank, a vaporizer, a heat exchanger, a pressure regulator and a flow controller; the liquid hydrogen tank stores subcritical liquid hydrogen, a low-temperature safety valve (first safety valve 101), a low-temperature filling valve 102, a low-temperature solenoid valve (first solenoid valve 103), a first pressure sensor 104 and a first temperature sensor 105; the vaporizer 2 uses the waste heat of the fuel cell to vaporize liquid hydrogen, and includes a second safety valve 201, a second pressure sensor 202 and a second temperature sensor 203; the heat exchanger 3, the pressure regulator 4 and the flow controller 5 adjust the vaporized hydrogen to the temperature, pressure and flow required by the fuel cell.

[0064] like Figure 2 The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 stores liquid hydrogen 002 inside. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 includes a fluid management device 003, an inner shell 004, a support 005, an insulating material 006, and an outer shell 007. From the inside to the outside, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is composed of liquid hydrogen, a fluid management device, an inner shell, an insulating material, a support, and an outer shell.

[0065] like Figure 3 The fluid management device 003 is a multi-layer conical plate structure. The outer envelope of the multi-layer conical plate structure is in contact with the inner surface of the inner shell (004) to prevent the internal liquid hydrogen from shaking. At the same time, it ensures that the liquid hydrogen without gas is supplied to the battery system from the lower outlet of the cone under different filling amounts and acceleration conditions. Specifically, under different liquid hydrogen filling amounts and different tank stress conditions, the liquid hydrogen can flow out from the outlet set at the vertex position of the conical plate structure.

[0066] like Figure 4The support 005 is a gasket heat-resistant rod-shaped structure. The cold end 0051 is connected to the outer surface of the inner shell 004, and the hot end 0055 is connected to the inner surface of the outer shell 007. The hollow rod 0053 is wrapped with carbon fiber composite material. The cold end adopts an annular structure and multi-layer thermal insulation gaskets (first thermal insulation gasket group 0052, second thermal insulation gasket group 0054). The annular structure facilitates the cold end 0051 to transfer force to the hollow rod 0053 during tension or compression. The contact thermal resistance is improved by increasing the roughness of the gasket. The length is suitable for the distance between the inner shell 004 and the outer shell 007.

[0067] After the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 601 generates electricity, it generates water and stores it in the water tank 602. The water in the water tank is used as a thermal control medium. After the thermal control medium flows through the integrated heat exchanger 603, it is connected to the heat exchanger 3 through the first thermal control valve 604 for heat exchange. The first thermal control valve 604 is autonomously controlled by the data of the third temperature sensor 302.

[0068] The liquid hydrogen tank stores subcritical liquid hydrogen, with a maximum fill level of no more than 88%. This subcritical liquid storage increases hydrogen density by 80% compared to 70MPa high-pressure gas storage. The lower subcritical storage pressure reduces the weight of the inner shell, thereby reducing the dry weight of the liquid hydrogen tank per unit of hydrogen storage and significantly increasing fuel cell power. The liquid hydrogen tank utilizes multiple layers of insulation material for vacuum insulation between the inner and outer shells, effectively reducing wall radiation heat leakage. The inner and outer shells are connected and insulated with a composite structural support, effectively reducing conductive heat leakage between the inner and outer layers, thereby minimizing evaporation losses of liquid hydrogen.

[0069] The liquid hydrogen tank interfaces include a drain interface 001, a vacuum interface 010, a refill interface 011, a measurement interface 008, a safety interface 009, and an installation interface 012. The drain interface is used to output liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen tank; the vacuum interface is used to maintain vacuum between the inner and outer shells; the refill interface is used to add liquid hydrogen to the tank; and the measurement interface is used to measure the temperature and pressure within the cryogenic tank. The safety interface is used to safely vent the liquid hydrogen tank in the event of overpressure; and the installation interface is used to secure the liquid hydrogen tank. Furthermore, a cryogenic safety valve 101 is welded to the liquid hydrogen tank's safety interface and is used to discharge excess pressure from the liquid hydrogen tank under abnormal thermal and mechanical loads, ensuring the safety of the liquid hydrogen tank. The valve can be integrated into the cryogenic tank.

[0070] Furthermore, the cryogenic filling valve 102 is welded to the filling interface of the liquid hydrogen tank and is used to fill the liquid hydrogen into the tank. It has multiple filling and self-sealing functions and can be integrated into the cryogenic tank.

[0071] Furthermore, the cryogenic solenoid valve 103 is welded to the drain interface of the liquid hydrogen tank, and is used to connect the liquid hydrogen tank and the vaporizer 2 according to the working requirements of the storage and supply system, and to transport a certain amount of liquid hydrogen into the vaporizer. The cryogenic solenoid valve and the liquid hydrogen are connected by a double-layer vacuum tube;

[0072] Furthermore, the first pressure sensor 104 and the first temperature sensor 105 are welded to the measurement interface of the liquid hydrogen tank and are used to measure the pressure and temperature in the low-temperature tank. The pressure sensor has a measuring range of 2 to 3 times the tank working pressure, and the temperature sensor has a measuring range of 15K to 30K.

[0073] Furthermore, for the sake of compactness and ease of use, the discharge interface 001, vacuum interface 010 and measurement interface 008 are integrated into the first integrated interface of the container; the filling interface 011 and safety interface 009 are integrated into the second integrated interface of the container.

[0074] The second safety valve 201 is used to release the overpressure of the gasifier under abnormal thermal load and mechanical load to ensure the safety of the gasifier, and can be integrated into the gasifier.

[0075] Furthermore, the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor are used to measure the pressure and temperature in the vaporizer. The pressure sensor has a measuring range of 2 to 3 times the working pressure of the vaporizer, and the temperature sensor has a measuring range of not less than 300K.

[0076] The front end of the heat exchanger 3 is connected to the vaporizer 2, and the rear end is connected to the pressure regulator 4; it is used to adjust the hydrogen pressure of the vaporizer to the required operating temperature of the system; the heat exchanger 3 can autonomously feedback the output temperature based on the test temperature of the rear temperature sensor.

[0077] like Figure 5 The vaporizer uses the waste heat from the fuel cell to vaporize liquid hydrogen, and the heat exchanger uses the waste heat from the fuel cell to regulate the temperature of the hydrogen. The specific method includes: After generating electricity, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 601 generates water, which is stored in a water tank 602. The water in the water tank 602 serves as a thermal control medium. After the thermal control medium flows through the heat exchanger 603, it is connected to the vaporizer 2 through a second thermal control valve 605 for heat exchange. The second thermal control valve 605 is autonomously controlled by data from the second temperature sensor 203. The heat exchanger primarily collects heat energy released during the power generation process of the fuel cell stack that cannot be converted into electricity. The fuel cell stack and heat exchanger can be integrated to reduce weight and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0078] Furthermore, the third solenoid valve 301 is used to connect the vaporizer 2 and the heat exchanger 3 according to the working requirements of the storage and supply system, and to transport a fixed amount of gaseous hydrogen into the heat exchanger.

[0079] Furthermore, the temperature sensor 302 is used to measure the gas-hydrogen temperature after the heat exchanger to ensure that the gas-hydrogen temperature output by the heat exchanger meets the requirements of the fuel cell.

[0080] Furthermore, the filter is used to filter impurities in the gaseous hydrogen to prevent the impurities from poisoning the fuel cell.

[0081] The front end of the pressure regulator 4 is connected to the heat exchanger, and the rear end is connected to the flow controller; it is used to adjust the pressure of the hydrogen gas delivered by the heat exchanger to the required working pressure of the system; the pressure regulator can independently feedback the output pressure based on the test pressure of the front and rear pressure sensors.

[0082] Furthermore, the fourth front pressure sensor 401 and the fourth rear pressure sensor 402 are used to measure the pressure before and after the pressure regulator to determine the working status of the pressure regulator; specifically, the pressure regulator independently determines the initial pressure reduction ratio of the pressure regulator according to the test pressure value of the front fourth front pressure sensor 401, and independently feeds back and fine-tunes the pressure reduction ratio according to the test pressure value of the rear fourth rear pressure sensor 402 to accurately output the required pressure at the inlet of the flow controller.

[0083] Furthermore, the fourth solenoid valve 403 is used to discharge abnormal pressure when the pressure regulator works abnormally, so as to ensure system safety and ensure that the hydrogen pressure output by the pressure regulator meets the requirements of the fuel cell.

[0084] The flow controller 5 is used to adjust the flow of gas and hydrogen entering the fuel cell according to the load and battery flow requirements.

[0085] Furthermore, the fifth pressure sensor 501 and the fifth temperature sensor 502 are used to measure the pressure and temperature after the flow controller. The pressure sensor range is no more than 2 times the working pressure of the fuel cell, providing control parameters for the storage and supply system to supply gaseous hydrogen to the fuel cell.

[0086] Furthermore, the fifth solenoid valve 503 is used to connect the flow controller and the fuel cell according to the working requirements of the storage and supply system, and to deliver a fixed amount of gaseous hydrogen into the fuel cell.

[0087] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and exemplary examples. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements may be made to the technical solutions and implementations of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0088] The contents not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belong to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank, characterized in that: Includes liquid hydrogen tank, vaporizer, heat exchanger, pressure regulator and flow controller; Liquid hydrogen tank is used to store subcritical liquid hydrogen; The liquid discharge interface of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the vaporizer, and the vaporizer is used to gasify the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas; The vaporizer outlet is connected to the heat exchanger inlet, and the heat exchanger is used to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen to the working temperature; The heat exchanger outlet is connected to the pressure regulator inlet, and the pressure regulator is used to adjust the pressure of hydrogen to the working pressure; The pressure regulator outlet is connected to the flow controller inlet, and the flow controller is used to adjust the flow of hydrogen to the working flow; The flow controller outlet is connected to the fuel cell; The liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises a shell, which comprises an inner shell (004), a heat insulating material (006), a support (005) and an outer shell (007) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; two ends of the support (005) are respectively connected to the inner shell (004) and the outer shell (007) to achieve support between the inner shell (004) and the outer shell (007); The support (005) includes a cold end (0051), a first thermal insulation gasket group (0052), a hollow rod (0053), a second thermal insulation gasket group (0054) and a hot end (0055); The hollow rod (0053) is formed by winding a carbon fiber composite material; The cold end (0051) and the hot end (0055) are respectively installed at both ends of the hollow rod (0053); The cold end (0051) comprises a circular ring portion and an I-shaped portion connected to each other, wherein the circular ring portion is connected to the outer surface of the inner shell (004), the I-shaped portion extends into the hollow rod (0053), and a first thermal insulation gasket group (0052) and a second thermal insulation gasket group (0054) are respectively provided between the I-shaped portion and the outer end surface and the inner end surface of the hollow rod (0053); The first thermal insulation gasket group (0052) and the second thermal insulation gasket group (0054) each contain more than one layer of thermal insulation gaskets; The hot end (0055) is connected to the inner surface of the shell (007) through the ring portion.

2. A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen tank further comprises a fluid management device (003) arranged inside the shell; The fluid management device (003) is a multi-layer conical structure with a common vertex. The vertex of the multi-layer conical structure is fixed to the bottom of the shell. The circular bottom surface of the multi-layer conical structure is supported by the side wall and the top of the shell. Each layer of the conical structure is provided with an opening for fluid to pass through. The vertex of the multi-layer conical structure is provided with an opening for fluid to flow to the gasifier.

3. A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank according to claim 2, characterized in that: The volume of subcritical liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen tank is less than or equal to 88% of the total volume of the liquid hydrogen tank; The liquid hydrogen tank is also equipped with a vacuum interface; Vacuum insulation is adopted between the inner shell (004) and the outer shell (007). The vacuum interface is a one-way degassing structure and is connected to a vacuum gauge through a manifold to ensure that the vacuum degree between the inner shell (004) and the outer shell (007) is better than 0.01Pa.

4. A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen tank is provided with a first pressure sensor (104) and a first temperature sensor (105) for detecting the internal pressure and temperature of the liquid hydrogen tank; The gasifier is provided with a second pressure sensor (202) and a second temperature sensor (203) for detecting the internal pressure and temperature of the gasifier; The heat exchanger is provided with a third temperature sensor (302) for detecting the internal temperature of the heat exchanger; A fourth front pressure sensor (401) and a fourth rear pressure sensor (402) are respectively provided in front of and behind the pressure regulator for detecting the pressure in front of and behind the pressure regulator; A fifth pressure sensor (501) and a fifth temperature sensor (502) for detecting the pressure and temperature behind the flow controller are provided behind the flow controller.

5. A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank according to claim 4, characterized in that: The measuring range of the first pressure sensor (104) is between 2 and 3 times the working pressure of the liquid hydrogen tank, and the measuring range of the first temperature sensor (105) is between 15K and 30K; The measuring range of the second pressure sensor (202) is between 2 and 3 times the working pressure of the vaporizer, and the measuring range of the second temperature sensor (203) is not less than 300K; The measuring range of the fifth pressure sensor (501) is no greater than 2 times the operating pressure of the fuel cell.

6. A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first safety valve (101) is provided on the liquid hydrogen tank. The first safety valve (101) is used for overpressure discharge of the liquid hydrogen tank. Specifically, when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor installed on the liquid hydrogen tank is greater than a safety threshold, the first safety valve (101) is opened. The gasifier is provided with a second safety valve (201), which is used for overpressure discharge of the gasifier. Specifically, when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor installed on the gasifier is greater than a safety threshold, the second safety valve (201) is opened.

7. A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first electromagnetic valve (103) is installed at the discharge interface of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and a double-layer vacuum tube is used to connect the first electromagnetic valve (103) and the vaporizer inlet; A third solenoid valve (301) is provided between the vaporizer outlet and the heat exchanger inlet; A fifth solenoid valve (503) is provided between the flow controller outlet and the fuel cell; A filter is provided between the heat exchanger and the pressure regulator.

8. A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure regulator determines a preliminary pressure reduction ratio according to the difference between the test pressure value of the fourth front pressure sensor (401) and the working pressure, and fine-tunes the preliminary pressure reduction ratio according to the difference between the test pressure value of the fourth rear pressure sensor (402) and the working pressure to obtain an optimized pressure reduction ratio. The pressure regulator regulates the pressure of hydrogen according to the optimized pressure reduction ratio.

9. A fuel cell storage and supply system based on a high storage density liquid hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vaporizer uses the waste heat from the fuel cell to gasify liquid hydrogen, and the heat exchanger uses the waste heat from the fuel cell to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen. The specific methods include: Water generated by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack (601) after power generation is stored in a water tank (602). The water in the water tank (602) serves as a thermal control medium and flows into a heat exchanger and a gasifier through a first thermal control valve (604) and a second thermal control valve (605). The first thermal control valve (604) and the second thermal control valve (605) are controlled according to the measured values ​​of a third temperature sensor (302) and a second temperature sensor (203).

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