Pyrolysis recycling device and method for waste photovoltaic modules

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling equipment. A pyrolysis recycling device and method for waste photovoltaic modules are disclosed, which comprise a pre-warming box, an inside part of which is used for warming a laminated part; a heating box, an inside part of which is used for heating the laminated part, a heating pipe group is fixed in the heating box, the laminated part is located in the heating pipe group, an air control box is communicated with an air inlet end of the heating pipe group, an expansion sealing part is arranged in the air control box, a moving end of the expansion sealing part moves synchronously with the laminated part in the heating box, the moving end is used for sealing the air inlet end of the heating pipe group separated from the laminated part, and an air outlet end of the heating pipe group is communicated with the pre-warming box; a heat supply part, an air outlet end of which is communicated with the air control box, and an air inlet end of which is communicated with an air outlet end of the pre-warming box. The application can realize that the heating pipe separated from the laminated part no longer provides heat to the laminated part when the laminated part is heated, heat waste is reduced, the heated gas is collected, the laminated part is preheated, and the heat is reused.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling equipment, and particularly relates to a pyrolysis recycling device and method for waste photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] When recycling photovoltaic modules, the laminate is obtained after disassembling the frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module. In order to separate the glass and backsheet inside the laminate, the laminate is heated by pyrolysis. Under heating conditions, the EVA film softens, and then the glass and backsheet are separated by a hot knife.

[0003] In the above process, when heating the laminate, multiple heating structures are usually arranged sequentially along the direction of movement of the laminate to heat it. When the laminate moves and gradually separates from the heating structure located behind it, the heating structure separated from the laminate continues to work normally, resulting in heat waste. In addition, the heat after heating the laminate is not easy to reuse, which increases the processing cost.

[0004] Therefore, a pyrolysis recycling device and method for waste photovoltaic modules are provided to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a pyrolysis recycling device and method for waste photovoltaic modules. This method enables the heating tubes, which are separated from the laminates, to cease supplying heat to the laminates during heating, thereby reducing heat waste. Simultaneously, the heated gas is collected and used to preheat the laminates, allowing for the reuse of the heat.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a pyrolysis recycling device for waste photovoltaic modules, comprising:

[0007] Preheating chamber, used for heating laminated components;

[0008] A heating chamber is used to heat a laminate. A heating tube assembly is fixed inside the heating chamber. The laminate is located inside the heating tube assembly. The air inlet of the heating tube assembly is connected to a gas control box. A telescopic sealing component is installed inside the gas control box. The moving end of the telescopic sealing component moves synchronously with the laminate inside the heating chamber. The moving end is used to block the air inlet of the heating tube assembly that is separated from the laminate. The air outlet of the heating tube assembly is connected to the preheating chamber.

[0009] The heating element has an outlet end connected to the air control box and an inlet end connected to the outlet end of the preheating box.

[0010] The separator has its feed end connected to the discharge end of the heating box.

[0011] Furthermore, the telescopic sealing component includes: a telescopic cylinder, fixed to the outer wall of the air control box;

[0012] A telescopic plate is installed inside the air control box. The fixed end of the telescopic plate is fixed to the inner wall of the air control box, and the movable end of the telescopic plate is fixed to the movable end of the telescopic cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, the heating tube assembly includes two rows of heating tubes, the laminate is located between the two rows of heating tubes, the gas control box is fixed to the outer wall of the heating box, and the air inlet end of the heating tube extends into the gas control box;

[0014] A gas collecting box is fixed to the side wall of the heating box away from the gas control box, and the gas collecting box is connected to the gas outlet end of the heating tube.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a first conveyor belt disposed inside the heating box, and the laminate is laid on the surface of the first conveyor belt.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes an upper preheating plate, which is disposed inside the preheating box and located above the laminate. The upper preheating plate is connected to the top of the preheating box via a first cylinder, and the bottom surface of the upper preheating plate is in contact with the top surface of the laminate.

[0017] The lower preheating rack is disposed inside the preheating chamber and located below the laminate. The lower preheating rack is connected to the bottom of the preheating chamber via a second cylinder, and the top surface of the lower preheating rack is in contact with the bottom surface of the laminate.

[0018] The air outlet of the heating tube assembly is connected to the air inlet of the upper preheating plate and the air inlet of the lower preheating frame through two air outlet pipes, and the air outlet of the upper preheating plate and the air outlet of the lower preheating frame are connected to the air inlet of the heating element through two air inlet pipes.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes multiple turbulence columns, fixed within the cavities created in the upper preheating plate and the lower preheating frame.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a conveyor roller assembly, which is disposed inside the preheating chamber. The laminate is laid on the top surface of the conveyor roller assembly, and the protrusion on the lower preheating frame passes through the gap between two adjacent conveyor rollers and contacts the bottom surface of the laminate.

[0021] Furthermore, the separating component includes: a separating box, with its inlet end connected to the outlet end of the heating box;

[0022] A hot knife is fixed inside the separation box, and the cutting point matches the position of the laminate to be separated;

[0023] A second conveyor belt is disposed on the side of the hot knife away from the heating box, and the second conveyor belt is used to transport glass;

[0024] A third conveyor belt is positioned below the hot knife and is used to transport the back plate.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes: a fixing frame, which is disposed above the hot knife and fixed to the inner wall of the separation box;

[0026] A pressing plate is disposed below the fixing frame and connected to the fixing frame by multiple compression springs, and the bottom end of the pressing plate contacts the laminate.

[0027] A pyrolysis recycling method for waste photovoltaic modules, based on the aforementioned pyrolysis recycling device for waste photovoltaic modules, includes the following operating steps:

[0028] S1. Start the heating components, preheating box, heating box, and hot knife;

[0029] S2. Send the laminate into the preheating chamber;

[0030] S3. Send the preheated laminate into the heating chamber;

[0031] S4. Feed the heated laminate into the direction of the hot knife.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0033] 1. A telescopic sealing component is installed to block the air inlet of the heating tube assembly. When the laminated component separates from part of the heating tube assembly structure, the moving end of the telescopic sealing component moves with the laminated component and blocks the air inlet of the separated part of the structure, so that high-temperature gas no longer enters, thereby reducing waste.

[0034] 2. After the heating of the laminate is completed, the gas enters the preheating chamber to preheat the laminate. This allows for the reuse of heat and ensures that the laminate heats up quickly in the heating chamber. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the pyrolysis recovery unit;

[0037] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the pyrolysis recovery unit;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the heating chamber;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the preheating chamber;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the upper preheating plate and the lower preheating rack;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the separation box;

[0043] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0044] Among them, 1-preheating box, 2-laminated component, 3-heating box, 4-air control box, 5-telescopic cylinder, 6-telescopic plate, 7-heating pipe, 8-air collection box, 9-first conveyor belt, 901-first rotating rod, 902-first motor, 10-upper preheating plate, 11-first cylinder, 12-lower preheating frame, 13-second cylinder, 14-air outlet pipe, 15-air inlet pipe, 16-turbulence column, 17-cavity, 18-conveying roller group, 19-separation box, 20-hot knife, 21-second conveyor belt, 22-third conveyor belt, 23-fixed frame, 24-pressing plate, 25-compression spring, 26-first air supply box, 27-branch pipe, 28-main branch pipe, 29-drive belt, 30-second motor, 31-second air supply box, 32-support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] Reference Figures 1-8 This invention provides a pyrolysis recycling device for waste photovoltaic modules, comprising: a preheating box 1, which is used to heat the laminating component 2 inside; a heating box 3, which is used to heat the laminating component 2 inside; a heating tube assembly fixed inside the heating box 3; the laminating component 2 is located inside the heating tube assembly; the air inlet end of the heating tube assembly is connected to a gas control box 4; a telescopic sealing component is provided inside the gas control box 4; the moving end of the telescopic sealing component moves synchronously with the laminating component 2 inside the heating box 3; and the moving end is used to seal the air inlet end of the heating tube assembly that is separated from the laminating component 2; and the air outlet end of the heating tube assembly is connected to the preheating box 1.

[0048] Specifically, the laminate 2 enters the preheating chamber 1 for preheating. After preheating, it is sent to the heating chamber 3 for heating through the heating tube assembly. During the actual heating process of the laminate 2, the laminate 2 does not stop in the heating chamber 3 and moves directly towards the separation component. During the movement of the laminate 2, the heating tubes 7 located behind the laminate 2 separate from the laminate 2 in sequence. High-temperature gas still flows normally in the heating tubes 7 that are separated from the laminate 2. This part of the gas no longer directly heats the laminate 2. Therefore, a gas control chamber 4 is set up. A telescopic sealing component is set up in the gas control chamber 4. The moving end of the telescopic sealing component moves at the same speed as the moving speed of the laminate 2 in the heating chamber 3, and the moving end corresponds to the tail end of the laminate 2. The moving end moves with the laminate 2 and seals the heating tubes 7 that are separated from the laminate 2 and are no longer vertically aligned.

[0049] In this process, a laminate 2 can be placed in the preheating box 1 and the heating box 3 respectively. When the laminate 2 in the heating box 3 is heated and moves towards the separation part, the laminate 2 in the preheating box 1 is placed still and preheated. When the laminate 2 in the heating box 3 leaves the heating box 3, the moving end of the telescopic sealing part is reset, and the laminate 2 in the preheating box 1 quickly enters the heating box 3. When the tail end of the laminate 2 entering the heating box 3 corresponds to the moving end, the laminate 2 slows down and moves slowly in the heating box 3.

[0050] The heating element has its outlet connected to the gas control box 4 and its inlet connected to the outlet of the preheating box 1; the separating element has its inlet connected to the outlet of the heating box 3. The heating element is used to provide high-temperature gas, and the separating element is used to separate the heated laminate 2.

[0051] Specifically, the heating element is the first air supply box 26 fixed at the top of the heating box 3.

[0052] Further optimize the plan, referring to Figure 2 , Figure 4 The telescopic sealing component includes: a telescopic cylinder 5, fixed to the outer wall of the air control box 4; and a telescopic plate 6, set inside the air control box 4, with the fixed end of the telescopic plate 6 fixed to the inner wall of the air control box 4 and the movable end of the telescopic plate 6 fixed to the movable end of the telescopic cylinder 5.

[0053] Specifically, the telescopic plate 6 is a multi-layered stacked plate. The telescopic cylinder 5 drives the moving end of the telescopic plate 6 to move. The telescopic plate 6 extends and blocks the air inlet of the heating pipe 7, so that the high-temperature gas in the air control box 4 cannot enter the heating pipe 7 blocked by the telescopic plate 6.

[0054] Further optimize the plan, referring to Figure 3 , Figure 4The heating tube assembly includes two rows of heating tubes 7, the laminate 2 is located between the two rows of heating tubes 7, the gas control box 4 is fixed to the outer wall of the heating box 3, and the air inlet end of the heating tube 7 extends into the gas control box 4; the side wall of the heating box 3 away from the gas control box 4 is fixed with a gas collection box 8, and the gas collection box 8 is connected to the air outlet end of the heating tube 7.

[0055] Specifically, each row of heating tubes 7 has multiple heating tubes 7, which are fixed to the inner wall of the heating box 3. The laminate 2 is located between the upper and lower rows of heating tubes 7 and is heated when passing between the two rows of heating tubes 7. The gas collection box 8 is used for the high-temperature gas discharged from the heating tubes 7 and sends this part of the high-temperature gas into the preheating box 1.

[0056] Further optimize the plan, referring to Figure 3 , Figure 4 It also includes a first conveyor belt 9, which is set inside the heating box 3, and the laminate 2 is laid on the surface of the first conveyor belt 9.

[0057] Specifically, the first conveyor belt 9 has a first rotating rod 901 at each end, the two ends of the first rotating rod 901 pass through the heating box 3 and are rotatably connected to the heating box 3, and a first motor 902 that drives the first rotating rod 901 to rotate is fixed on the outer wall of the heating box 3.

[0058] Driven by the first motor 902, the first conveyor belt 9 operates, driving the laminate 2 to move, while a row of heating pipes 7 located below are set inside the first conveyor belt 9.

[0059] Further optimize the plan, referring to Figure 5 It also includes an upper preheating plate 10, which is set inside the preheating box 1 and located above the laminate 2. The upper preheating plate 10 is connected to the top of the preheating box 1 through a first cylinder 11, and the bottom surface of the upper preheating plate 10 is in contact with the top surface of the laminate 2. A lower preheating frame 12 is set inside the preheating box 1 and located below the laminate 2. The lower preheating frame 12 is connected to the bottom of the preheating box 1 through a second cylinder 13, and the top surface of the lower preheating frame 12 is in contact with the bottom surface of the laminate 2. The air outlet of the heating tube assembly is connected to the air inlet of the upper preheating plate 10 and the air inlet of the lower preheating frame 12 through two air outlet pipes 14, and the air outlet of the upper preheating plate 10 and the air outlet of the lower preheating frame 12 are connected to the air inlet of the heating element through two air inlet pipes 15.

[0060] Specifically, the upper preheating plate 10 and the lower preheating frame 12 cooperate to contact the top and bottom surfaces of the laminate 2, respectively, to heat and preheat the laminate 2. The first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 13 are used to drive the upper preheating plate 10 and the lower preheating frame 12 to move up and down. That is, after the laminate 2 enters the preheating chamber 1, the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 13 work to drive the upper preheating plate 10 and the lower preheating frame 12 to move and contact the laminate 2.

[0061] Further optimize the plan, referring to Figure 6It also includes multiple turbulence columns 16, which are fixed in the cavity 17 opened in the upper preheating plate 10 and the lower preheating frame 12.

[0062] Specifically, the turbulence column 16 is used to disperse the high-temperature gas in the cavity 17. Under the action of the turbulence column 16, the turbulence intensity of the high-temperature gas is enhanced, thereby enhancing the preheating effect.

[0063] Furthermore, under the influence of the conveyor roller group 18, the top of the lower preheating frame 12 has multiple protrusions, and cavities 17 are opened in the protrusions. The multiple protrusions are not interconnected. Therefore, each protrusion is connected to a branch pipe 27 at both ends. The branch pipes 27 located on the same side are connected to a main branch pipe 28. The two main branch pipes 28 are the air inlet and air outlet of the lower preheating frame 12, respectively.

[0064] Further optimize the plan, referring to Figure 5 It also includes a conveyor roller assembly 18, which is set in the preheating box 1. The laminate 2 is laid on the top surface of the conveyor roller assembly 18, and the protrusion on the lower preheating frame 12 passes through the gap between two adjacent conveyor rollers and contacts the bottom surface of the laminate 2.

[0065] Specifically, two adjacent conveyor rollers are connected by a drive belt 29, and one of the conveyor rollers is connected to a second motor 30 fixed to the outer wall of the preheating chamber 1. The second motor 30 drives the conveyor roller group 18 to work, thereby driving the laminating component 2 to move.

[0066] Further optimize the plan, referring to Figure 7 , Figure 8 The separating components include: a separating box 19, with its inlet end connected to the outlet end of the heating box 3; a hot knife 20, fixed inside the separating box 19, with its cutting point matching the position to be separated from the laminate 2; a second conveyor belt 21, located on the side of the hot knife 20 away from the heating box 3, used for conveying glass; and a third conveyor belt 22, located below the hot knife 20, used for conveying the back plate.

[0067] Specifically, after the laminate 2 enters the separation box 19 and is separated by the hot knife 20, the glass moves and is discharged above the hot knife 20 via the second conveyor belt 21, and the back plate falls onto the third conveyor belt 22 and is discharged.

[0068] The hot knife 20 is connected to a second air supply box 31, which is used to heat the hot knife 20 so that the hot knife 20 meets the cutting and separation requirements.

[0069] The second conveyor belt 21 and the third conveyor belt 22 are driven by different drive motors installed on the outer wall of the separation box 19.

[0070] Further optimize the plan, referring to Figure 7 , Figure 8It also includes: a fixing frame 23, which is set above the hot knife 20 and fixed to the inner wall of the separation box 19; and a pressing plate 24, which is set below the fixing frame 23 and connected to the fixing frame 23 by multiple compression springs 25, with the bottom end of the pressing plate 24 in contact with the laminate 2.

[0071] Specifically, under the action of the compression spring 25, the pressing plate 24 can provide a small pressure to press the laminate 2, thereby improving its separation effect.

[0072] Furthermore, the end face of the pressing plate 24 near the heating box 3 is inclined, which facilitates the laminating component 2 to enter between the pressing plate 24 and the hot knife 20.

[0073] Furthermore, it also includes a support frame 32 for supporting the preheating box 1, the heating box 3, and the separation box 19.

[0074] A pyrolysis recycling method for waste photovoltaic modules, based on the aforementioned pyrolysis recycling device for waste photovoltaic modules, includes the following operating steps:

[0075] S1. Start the heating components, preheating box 1, heating box 3, and hot knife 20. Start the first gas supply box 26, and high-temperature gas passes through the heating pipe 7 to heat the heating box 3 and the preheating box 1. Start the second gas supply box 31 to heat the hot knife 20.

[0076] S2. The laminate 2 is fed into the preheating chamber 1. The second motor 30 is started, and the second motor 30 drives the conveyor roller group 18 to work. The laminate 2 enters the preheating chamber 1. Then the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 13 are started, driving the upper preheating plate 10 and the lower preheating frame 12 to move and contact the surface of the laminate 2.

[0077] S3. The preheated laminate 2 is fed into the heating chamber 3. After the laminate 2 is preheated, the conveyor roller group 18 is started again, and at the same time, the first motor 902 drives the first conveyor belt 9 to start, sending the laminate 2 into the heating chamber 3. When the tail end of the laminate 2 corresponds to the moving end of the telescopic plate 6, the telescopic cylinder 5 is started, pushing the telescopic plate 6 to move. The telescopic plate 6 blocks the air inlet end of the heating pipe 7 that does not match the laminate 2 in the vertical direction.

[0078] S4. The heated laminate 2 is fed into the direction of the hot knife 20. After passing through the hot knife 20, the laminate 2 is pressed by the pressing plate 24, the glass separates from the back plate, and is discharged from the separation box 19 through the second conveyor belt 21 and the third conveyor belt 22 respectively.

[0079] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A pyrolytic recycling device of waste photovoltaic modules, characterized by: include: Preheating chamber (1), with interior for heating laminate (2); A heating box (3) is used to heat the laminate (2) inside. A heating tube assembly is fixed inside the heating box (3). The laminate (2) is located inside the heating tube assembly. The air inlet of the heating tube assembly is connected to a gas control box (4). A telescopic sealing component is provided inside the gas control box (4). The moving end of the telescopic sealing component moves synchronously with the laminate (2) inside the heating box (3). The moving end is used to block the air inlet of the heating tube assembly that is separated from the laminate (2). The air outlet of the heating tube assembly is connected to the preheating box (1). The heating element has an outlet end connected to the air control box (4) and an inlet end connected to the outlet end of the preheating box (1). The separator has its feed end connected to the discharge end of the heating box (3); An upper preheating plate (10) is disposed inside the preheating box (1) and located above the laminate (2). The upper preheating plate (10) is connected to the top of the preheating box (1) via a first cylinder (11). The bottom surface of the upper preheating plate (10) is in contact with the top surface of the laminate (2). The lower preheating rack (12) is set inside the preheating box (1) and located below the laminate (2). The lower preheating rack (12) is connected to the bottom end of the preheating box (1) through the second cylinder (13). The top surface of the lower preheating rack (12) is in contact with the bottom surface of the laminate (2). The air outlet of the heating tube assembly is connected to the air inlet of the upper preheating plate (10) and the air inlet of the lower preheating frame (12) through two air outlet pipes (14), and the air outlet of the upper preheating plate (10) and the air outlet of the lower preheating frame (12) are connected to the air inlet of the heating element through two air inlet pipes (15).

2. The pyrolytic recycling device of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic sealing component includes: a telescopic cylinder (5), which is fixed to the outer wall of the air control box (4); The telescopic plate (6) is set inside the air control box (4). The fixed end of the telescopic plate (6) is fixed to the inner wall of the air control box (4), and the moving end of the telescopic plate (6) is fixed to the movable end of the telescopic cylinder (5).

3. The pyrolytic recycling device of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating tube assembly includes two rows of heating tubes (7), the laminate (2) is located between the two rows of heating tubes (7), the gas control box (4) is fixed to the outer wall of the heating box (3), and the air inlet end of the heating tube (7) extends into the gas control box (4); A gas collecting box (8) is fixed on the side wall of the heating box (3) away from the gas control box (4), and the gas collecting box (8) is connected to the gas outlet end of the heating tube (7).

4. The pyrolytic recycling device of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first conveyor belt (9) disposed inside the heating box (3), and the laminate (2) is laid on the surface of the first conveyor belt (9).

5. The pyrolytic recycling device of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes multiple turbulence columns (16) fixed in the cavity (17) opened in the upper preheating plate (10) and the lower preheating frame (12).

6. The pyrolytic recycling device of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a conveyor roller assembly (18) set inside the preheating box (1), the laminate (2) is laid on the top surface of the conveyor roller assembly (18), and the protrusion on the lower preheating frame (12) passes through the gap between two adjacent conveyor rollers and contacts the bottom surface of the laminate (2).

7. The pyrolytic recycling device of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separating component includes: a separating box (19), the inlet end of which is connected to the outlet end of the heating box (3); A hot knife (20) is fixed inside the separation box (19), and the cutting point matches the position of the laminate (2) to be separated; A second conveyor belt (21) is disposed on the side of the hot knife (20) away from the heating box (3), and the second conveyor belt (21) is used to transport glass; A third conveyor belt (22) is disposed below the hot knife (20) and is used to convey the back plate.

8. The pyrolytic recycling device of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: A fixing bracket (23) is disposed above the hot knife (20) and fixed to the inner wall of the separation box (19); The pressing plate (24) is located below the fixed frame (23) and is connected to the fixed frame (23) by a plurality of compression springs (25). The bottom end of the pressing plate (24) is in contact with the laminate (2).

9. A pyrolysis recycling method of a waste photovoltaic module, based on the pyrolysis recycling device of the waste photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The operating steps include: S1. Start the heating components, preheating box (1), heating box (3), and hot knife (20); S2. Insert the laminate (2) into the preheating box (1); S3. The preheated laminate (2) is sent into the heating box (3); S4. Feed the heated laminate (2) into the direction of the hot knife (20).

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