Laser indirect quasi-isentropic driven ball high-speed launching device and launching method

Abstract

The application provides a laser indirect quasi-isentropic driving ball high-speed launching device, which comprises an ablation layer, a cavity, a ball and a laser, the ablation layer is made of an energy-containing active material, the cavity is a cavity structure with both sides open, the ablation layer is arranged at an opening of one side of the cavity, and the ball is arranged at an opening of the other side of the cavity; the laser is used for generating pulsed laser to radiate the side of the ablation layer opposite to the ball, so that the ablation layer generates secondary products which expand forward in the cavity and accumulate on the ball to realize quasi-isentropic compression of the ball. A laser indirect quasi-isentropic driving ball high-speed launching method is also provided. Therefore, the application can further improve the original form of the ball on the basis of ensuring the high-speed launching of the ball.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of space experiment technology, and in particular to a laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed spherical launch device and launch method. Background Technology

[0002] Space debris poses a significant threat to the safety of spacecraft in orbit. Collisions with spacecraft can occur at speeds ranging from 3 to 15 km / s, causing severe damage or even explosion and disintegration. Ground-based hypersonic impact tests are crucial for conducting vulnerability analysis and verifying the protective performance of spacecraft. Current standard tests typically involve impacting the target structure with hypersonic aluminum spherical projectiles. Currently, hypersonic impact tests are usually conducted on second- or third-stage light gas cannons; however, due to limitations in the firing capabilities of these cannons, only standard verification tests at speeds <10 km / s are currently feasible both domestically and internationally.

[0003] To address this issue, existing Chinese patent ZL201910060737.5 proposes a test method and device for laser-driven spherical impact on space debris protection structures, which can achieve ultra-high-speed launch of spherical projectiles at speeds ≥10 km / s. However, it employs a laser-driven quasi-isentropic loading method with direct laser ablation. The laser directly interacts with the spherical projectile, causing mass loss due to laser ablation. This easily generates shock waves and significant temperature rises within the projectile, making it highly susceptible to breakage or even melting and vaporization, greatly affecting the accuracy of the test results.

[0004] In conclusion, the existing methods cannot meet the experimental requirements in practical use, so it is necessary to improve them. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, the present invention aims to provide a laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed spherical emission device and method, which can further improve the original shape of the spherical while ensuring ultra-high-speed emission.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical ultra-high-speed emission device, comprising an ablation layer, a cavity, a spherical object, and a laser. The ablation layer is made of an energetic material, and the cavity is a hollow structure with open sides. The ablation layer is disposed at an opening on one side of the cavity, and the spherical object is disposed at an opening on the other side of the cavity. The laser is used to generate pulsed laser light to radiate the side of the ablation layer opposite to the spherical object, causing the secondary products generated by the ablation layer to expand forward in the cavity and accumulate on the spherical object to achieve quasi-isentropic compression of the spherical object.

[0007] Optionally, the energetic active material is a mixture of at least two non-explosive materials.

[0008] Optionally, the energetic active material is a PTFE / Al composite material; or

[0009] The energetic active material is a composite material of Al-CuO or Mg-CuO.

[0010] Optionally, it also includes a support structure for fixing the cavity, the support structure having a light inlet hole, one end of the cavity near the ablation layer being located at the light inlet hole, and the laser being used to generate pulsed laser to radiate onto the ablation layer through the light inlet hole.

[0011] Optionally, the cavity is detachably mounted on the support structure; or

[0012] The cavity and the supporting structure are integrally formed.

[0013] Optionally, the cavity is a tubular structure, and the diameter of the opening of the cavity near the ball matches the size of the ball, with the ball placed in contact with the opening on one side of the cavity.

[0014] Optionally, the cavity is made of a metallic material; and / or

[0015] The ablation layer is in the form of a thin sheet with a thickness of 100-300 μm.

[0016] Optionally, the distance between the pellet and the ablation layer is greater than 100 μm.

[0017] Optionally, it also includes a velocity measuring module for measuring the launch velocity of the ball, wherein the measuring module is a stripe camera or a high-speed camera.

[0018] A laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical ultra-high-speed emission method is also provided. This method is implemented based on any one of the laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical ultra-high-speed emission devices described above, and includes the following steps:

[0019] Establish the working environment of the cavity;

[0020] The pellet is placed at the opening on the other side of the cavity opposite to the ablation layer;

[0021] The laser emits pulsed laser light to irradiate the ablation layer, causing the ablation layer to generate secondary products that expand forward in the cavity and accumulate on the pellet to achieve quasi-isentropic compression of the pellet.

[0022] The laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical projectile hypervelocity launch device described in this invention is suitable for hypervelocity launch of spherical projectiles. It adopts an indirect driving method, which is different from the traditional laser direct-drive launch. By using energetic active materials instead of traditional polymer ablation layers, more secondary products are generated, which allows the projectile to achieve higher speeds while reducing the degree of fragmentation and melting, and maintaining a more complete initial shape. Ultimately, it forms a highly efficient and stable laser-driven ultravelocity launch method for aluminum spherical projectiles, providing a technical means for hypervelocity impact tests of space debris and meeting the engineering requirements of spacecraft space debris protection design. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical ultra-high-speed emission device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a side view of the laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical ultra-high-speed emission device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 The flowchart illustrates the steps of the laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed emission method for spherical particles according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] It should be noted that references to "an embodiment," "embodiment," "example embodiment," etc., in this specification refer to the described embodiment including specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment must include these specific features, structures, or characteristics. Furthermore, such expressions do not refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when describing specific features, structures, or characteristics in conjunction with embodiments, whether or not explicitly described, it is indicated that incorporating such features, structures, or characteristics into other embodiments is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0028] Furthermore, certain terms are used in the specification and subsequent claims to refer to specific components or parts. Those skilled in the art will understand that manufacturers may use different names or terms to refer to the same component or part. This specification and subsequent claims do not distinguish components or parts by differences in name, but rather by differences in function. The terms "comprising" and "including" used throughout the specification and subsequent claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "including but not limited to." Additionally, the term "connection" here includes any direct and indirect electrical connection means. Indirect electrical connection means include connections made through other means.

[0029] Figure 1 This invention illustrates a laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical ultra-high-speed emission device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device includes an ablation layer 20, a cavity 10, a spherical pellet 30, and a laser (not shown). The ablation layer 20 is made of an energetic material. The cavity 10 is a cavity structure with open sides, meaning that the cavity 10 has open sides with a cavity 101 between the two openings. The ablation layer 20 is located at the opening on one side of the cavity 10, and the spherical pellet 30 is located at the opening on the other side of the cavity 10. The laser generates a pulsed laser 50 to radiate the side of the ablation layer 20 facing away from the spherical pellet 30, causing secondary products generated by the ablation layer 20 to collide forward within the cavity 10 and accumulate on the spherical pellet, thereby achieving quasi-isentropic compression of the spherical pellet 30.

[0030] The pulsed laser 50 generated by the laser is the energy source. When it irradiates the ablation layer 20, it can cause the energetic active material in the ablation layer 20 to be plasmaized and vaporized, generating energy to drive the pellet. Under the action of laser ablation, the energetic active material generates high temperature and high pressure plasma and undergoes a detonation reaction to generate gaseous products, which expand forward along the cavity 101 inside the cavity 10 until they reach the surface of the pellet 30.

[0031] In this embodiment, a pulsed laser 50 is generated by a laser to irradiate the energetic active material on the ablation layer 20. Under the action of the high-energy laser, secondary products such as plasma are generated on the surface of the ablation layer 20. These secondary products rapidly accumulate and expand, acting on the surface of the pellet 30. The expansion of the products drives the pellet 30 to accelerate for a period of time, generating a planar compression wave with a gradually rising pressure profile within the pellet 30. Due to the extended action time, the pressure gradually increases, driving the pellet 30 to accelerate smoothly to ultra-high speed, thus achieving indirect driving quasi-isentropic loading. Quasi-isentropic compression is a highly efficient dynamic compression method for materials. It has a low loading rate and produces a small increase in entropy, achieving a high-pressure and relatively low-temperature state of matter within the material. The quasi-isentropic compression effect achieved by the pellet 30 in the collision of the secondary products means that the secondary products convert kinetic energy into thermal pressure on the surface of the pellet 30, generating a forward-propagating compression wave, thereby launching the pellet 30 out of the cavity 10 at ultra-high speed. Thus, this embodiment can effectively avoid the fragmentation and high-temperature melting and vaporization phenomena that occur when the pellet reaches the target speed in the direct driving method.

[0032] Preferably, the energetic active material is a mixture of at least two non-explosive materials; for example, intermetallic compounds, metal / polymer mixtures, aluminothermic agents, and composite materials. Under the action of a high-energy laser, plasma is generated on the surface of the energetic active material. At the same time, because the energetic active material can produce a detonation-like chemical reaction under the action of the laser, additional energy is released, generating a large number of vaporization products; the released secondary products are significantly more than those of traditional polymer ablation materials, thus improving the laser energy conversion efficiency.

[0033] The energetic active materials selected in this embodiment include, but are not limited to, the following two types:

[0034] The first type is PTFE / Al composite material; PTFE / Al composite material is a composite material of polytetrafluoroethylene / aluminum. This composite material is specifically fixed to the quartz window by adhesive bonding to form the ablation layer required for the test.

[0035] The second type is a composite material of Al-CuO or Mg-CuO. Specifically, it can be deposited onto the surface of a quartz window using magnetron sputtering.

[0036] Both of the above-mentioned energetic materials exhibit good driving effects. During application, it is necessary to optimize the film thickness of the energetic material using numerical simulation or experiments, based on actual conditions, to ensure that the pulsed laser can completely ablate the film.

[0037] The ablation layer 20 interacts with the pulsed laser 50 to generate plasma and vaporization products. Conventional ablation layer materials are typically polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polyimide films. This embodiment uses an energetic material as the ablation layer, which effectively improves energy conversion efficiency. The ablation layer 20 is placed at the end of the cavity 101 near the laser incident point. Preferably, the ablation layer 20 is in the form of a thin sheet with a thickness of 100-300 μm.

[0038] Furthermore, this embodiment also includes a support structure 40 for fixing the cavity 10. The support structure 40 is provided with a light inlet hole. One end of the cavity 10 near the ablation layer 20 is located at the light inlet hole. The laser is used to generate pulsed laser 50 to radiate onto the ablation layer 20 through the light inlet hole. In specific implementation, the structural shape of the support structure 40 can be designed and adjusted according to the actual use to match the mounting fixture. The light inlet hole is preferably a circular opening, facing the ablation layer. The pulsed laser 50 generated by the laser is focused and passes through the light inlet hole to radiate onto the ablation layer 20.

[0039] The connection between the cavity 10 and the support structure 40 includes, but is not limited to, the following two methods: 1. The cavity 10 is detachably installed on the support structure 40; for example, detachable connection methods such as adhesive, screw, or snap-fit ​​are used; 2. The cavity 10 and the support structure 40 are integrally formed.

[0040] The cavity 101 of the cavity 10 serves to provide expansion space for the plasma and vaporization products, and also to fix the pellet. In this embodiment, the cavity 10 is preferably a tubular structure, and its internal cavity 101 is a cylindrical inner cavity structure. The diameter of the opening of the cavity 10 near the pellet 30 matches the size of the pellet 30, and the pellet 30 is placed in contact with the opening on one side of the cavity 10. Specifically, the diameter of the pellet 30 is slightly smaller than the opening on one side of the cavity 10, so that the pellet 30 can be placed at the opening without getting stuck. The cavity structure reduces the expansion of the secondary products in other directions, causing them to move mainly along the incident direction of the pulsed laser 50, reducing energy dissipation in other directions, and further improving the laser energy conversion efficiency.

[0041] To ensure the stability of the cavity structure during the target firing process of the ball 30, the cavity 10 is preferably made of a metal material, such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy, with a wall thickness on the order of millimeters or even centimeters.

[0042] In this embodiment, the spherical projectile 30 is a spherical projectile to be launched. The size, material and other parameters can be designed and processed according to actual needs. It is preferably an aluminum spherical projectile with a diameter on the order of hundreds of micrometers. The spherical projectile 30 is used to place the cavity 101 at the end away from the laser incident point. To prevent the spherical projectile from falling off, it can be fixed with vacuum grease. The distance between the spherical projectile 30 and the ablation layer 20 should be greater than 100 μm.

[0043] Optionally, it also includes a velocity measuring module 60 for measuring the launch velocity of the ball 30. The test module 60 is a stripe camera or a high-speed camera. The test module 60 is specifically used to test the velocity of the ball 30 when it is launched from the cavity 10.

[0044] Figure 3 This invention illustrates a laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed spherical emission method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method is based on the laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed spherical emission device described in the above embodiment and includes the following steps:

[0045] S101: Establish the operating environment of the cavity. In this embodiment, the operating environment is a vacuum environment, but other different operating environments can be configured according to experimental needs. This step specifically places the cavity in a vacuum environment to ensure that the cavity is in a vacuum state. The laser and velocity measurement module do not need to be placed in a vacuum environment.

[0046] S102: Place the pellet at the opening on the other side of the cavity opposite to the ablation layer. Specifically, the pellet is placed in contact with the opening on one side of the cavity away from the laser incident point, while the ablation layer is placed at the opening on the opposite side of the pellet. There is a conductive cavity structure between the pellet and the ablation layer.

[0047] S103: A pulsed laser is emitted by a laser and radiates onto the ablation layer, causing the secondary products generated by the ablation layer to expand forward in the cavity and accumulate on the pellet to achieve quasi-isentropic compression of the pellet.

[0048] Specifically, by adjusting the laser energy of the laser, a pulsed laser beam is emitted and radiated onto the ablation layer of the energetic material. This causes the high-temperature, high-pressure plasma to simultaneously undergo a detonation reaction, generating gaseous products that expand forward along the cavity to the surface of the spherical pellet. The secondary products on the pellet surface convert kinetic energy into thermal pressure, generating a forward-propagating compression wave. Due to the distribution and accumulation of plasma, the thermal pressure gradually increases, and the compression loading also gradually increases. The pressure on the front surface of the pellet increases slowly over time rather than rising steeply; this is quasi-isentropic compression.

[0049] The emission method provided in this embodiment enables the laser to be incident on the front surface of the energetic material to generate a shock wave. The shock wave propagates in the energetic material and reaches the back surface for unloading. At the same time, the energetic material undergoes a chemical reaction to release energy. The energetic material expands forward in the form of plasma in the vacuum and accumulates on the front surface of the sphere to achieve quasi-isentropic compression.

[0050] Laser-driven quasi-isentropic loading typically employs two methods: direct and indirect. Direct driving involves directly irradiating the material surface with a pulsed laser, achieving quasi-isentropic loading through pulse shaping technology. Indirect driving, on the other hand, irradiates the ablation layer material with a pulsed laser, driving the object to hypervelocity through the expansion of plasma. This embodiment utilizes a cavity-structured ablation layer device, allowing the laser to indirectly drive the quasi-isentropic compression of the sphere by radiating the ablation layer material. Compared to existing direct driving methods, this invention further improves the original morphology of the sphere while ensuring hypervelocity emission. The provided reflection method offers advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and stability, holding significant importance and broad application prospects in the field of hypervelocity collisions.

[0051] In summary, the laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical projectile hypervelocity launch device of the present invention is suitable for hypervelocity launch of spherical projectiles. It adopts an indirect driving method, which is different from the traditional laser direct-drive launch. By using energetic active materials instead of traditional polymer ablation layers, more secondary products are generated, which enables the projectile to achieve higher speeds while reducing the degree of fragmentation and melting, and maintaining a more complete initial shape. Ultimately, it forms a highly efficient and stable laser-driven ultravelocity launch method for aluminum spherical projectiles, providing a technical means for hypervelocity impact tests of space debris and meeting the engineering requirements of spacecraft space debris protection design.

[0052] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed spherical emission device, characterized in that, The device includes an ablation layer, a cavity, a pellet, and a laser. The ablation layer is made of an energetic active material, which is a mixture of at least two non-explosive materials. The cavity is a hollow structure with open sides. The ablation layer is located at an opening on one side of the cavity, and the pellet is located at an opening on the other side of the cavity. The distance between the pellet and the ablation layer is greater than 100 μm. The laser is used to generate pulsed laser to radiate the side of the ablation layer opposite to the pellet, causing the ablation layer to produce secondary products that expand forward in the cavity and accumulate on the pellet to achieve quasi-isentropic compression of the pellet. It also includes a support structure for fixing the cavity, the support structure having a light inlet hole, one end of the cavity near the ablation layer being located at the light inlet hole, and the laser being used to generate pulsed laser to radiate onto the ablation layer through the light inlet hole.

2. The laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical ultra-high-speed emission device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energetic active material is a PTFE / Al composite material; or The energetic active material is a composite material of Al-CuO or Mg-CuO.

3. The laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed spherical emission device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity is detachably mounted on the supporting structure; or The cavity and the supporting structure are integrally formed.

4. The laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed spherical emission device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity is a tubular structure, and the diameter of the opening of the cavity near the ball matches the size of the ball. The ball is placed in contact with the opening on one side of the cavity.

5. The laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed spherical emission device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cavity is made of a metallic material; and / or The ablation layer is in the form of a thin sheet with a thickness of 100-300 μm.

6. The laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed spherical emission device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a velocity measuring module for measuring the launch velocity of the ball, which is a stripe camera or a high-speed camera.

7. A laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven ultra-high-speed emission method for spherical pellets, characterized in that, The method is implemented based on the laser-indirect quasi-isentropic driven spherical ultra-high-speed emission device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and includes the following steps: Establish the working environment of the cavity; The pellet is placed at the opening on the other side of the cavity opposite to the ablation layer; The laser emits pulsed laser light to irradiate the ablation layer, causing the ablation layer to generate secondary products that expand forward in the cavity and accumulate on the pellet to achieve quasi-isentropic compression of the pellet.

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