A mechanized construction system matched with inclined shaft

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a mechanized construction system matched with an inclined shaft, comprising: a crawler excavation trolley; a first crawler transport vehicle cooperates with a crawler excavator to transport slag to a slag unloading pool at a tunnel entrance; a second crawler transport vehicle transports a stand and supporting materials to a heading face; a first crawler concrete tanker transports concrete to the heading face and cooperates with a wet spraying machine to perform initial support spraying concrete operations; a crawler dump truck transports out slag; a second crawler concrete tanker transports concrete to an intersection of an inclined shaft and a main tunnel; a crawler drainage operation trolley performs drainage operations; a crawler hydraulic lining trolley performs secondary lining operations; a third crawler concrete tanker transports concrete to an intersection of an inclined shaft and a main tunnel; the present application utilizes the advantages of a crawler machine, such as a sturdy and durable walking structure, strong ground adhesion, strong gradeability, and the ability to operate normally in an inclined shaft, to thereby achieve safe and efficient construction operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a mechanized construction system matched with an inclined shaft. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the increasing scale and number of tunnel projects, especially in the construction of long and large tunnels, inclined shafts are often used to increase the working surface, thereby shortening the construction period. Among them, inclined shafts with a comprehensive longitudinal slope greater than 7° generally require rail transportation construction. However, in rail transportation construction, there are the following disadvantages: first, the construction period is long; second, the safety risks of a series of equipment such as winches, mine cars, tracks and wire ropes are high; third, the maintenance costs are high; fourth, the emergency response capabilities in the face of adverse geological disasters in the tunnel, such as sudden mud and water gushing, are poor; fourth, the cross-influence of slag discharge and the transportation of materials such as concrete, steel frames, and steel bars is large; fifth, the construction cost investment is high.

[0003] Therefore, how to further improve the construction efficiency of tunnels with large longitudinal slopes and reduce construction safety risks is a technical problem that the engineering construction industry urgently needs to solve on the road to high-quality development. Summary of the invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to further improve the construction efficiency of tunnels with large longitudinal slope inclined shafts and reduce construction safety risks.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a mechanized construction system matched with an inclined shaft, comprising:

[0006] Crawler excavation trolley is suitable for providing an operating platform for drillers and blasters when excavating through inclined shafts;

[0007] Crawler excavators are suitable for excavating slag at the tunnel face when carrying out slag removal operations through inclined shafts;

[0008] The first crawler transport vehicle is suitable for cooperating with the crawler excavator to transport the slag to the slag unloading pool at the tunnel entrance;

[0009] The second crawler transport vehicle is suitable for transporting the stand and support materials to the tunnel face during the initial support operation through the inclined shaft;

[0010] The first crawler concrete tanker is suitable for transporting concrete to the tunnel face during the initial support operation through the inclined shaft, and cooperates with the wet spraying machine to carry out the initial support spraying concrete operation;

[0011] Crawler dump trucks are suitable for transporting slag when carrying out invert arch and invert arch backfill construction through inclined shafts;

[0012] The second crawler concrete tanker is suitable for transporting concrete to the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel when the invert arch and invert arch backfill construction are carried out through the inclined shaft;

[0013] Crawler-type drainage and water prevention operation trolley is suitable for drainage and water prevention operations after passing through inclined shafts;

[0014] Crawler hydraulic lining trolley, suitable for secondary lining operations through inclined shafts;

[0015] The third crawler concrete tank truck is suitable for transporting concrete to the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel when the secondary lining operation is carried out through the inclined shaft.

[0016] Optionally, a hydraulic support structure is installed between the working platform and the walking crawler provided on the crawler excavation trolley, and the hydraulic support structure is suitable for providing a horizontal operating platform for drillers and blasters.

[0017] Optionally, a ground screw limiting structure is provided in front of the crawler excavation trolley, and the ground screw limiting structure is suitable for auxiliary supporting the front part of the crawler excavation trolley when the crawler excavation trolley is fixed.

[0018] Optionally, a telescopic platform is provided on the top of the crawler excavation trolley; the telescopic platform is suitable for telescoping in the front-rear direction.

[0019] Optionally, support legs are provided on the telescopic platform; and the support legs are provided with telescopic power by oil cylinders.

[0020] Optionally, a lifting telescopic arm is provided on the crawler excavation trolley, and the lifting telescopic arm is suitable for lifting the arch frame.

[0021] Optionally, an arch frame translation mechanism and an arch frame lifting mechanism are also provided on the telescopic platform.

[0022] Optionally, a sliding vehicle is further provided on the crawler excavation trolley, and the sliding vehicle is suitable for moving the lifting arch frame into the lifting range of the lifting telescopic arm.

[0023] Optionally, it also includes: a wheeled dump loader and a wheeled dump truck;

[0024] The wheeled side-tipping loader cooperates with the wheeled dump truck and is suitable for transferring the slag in the slag unloading pool at the tunnel entrance to the slag disposal site.

[0025] Optionally, refuge caves are provided at preset intervals in the inclined shaft; the refuge caves are suitable for vehicle turning around or serving as water storage tanks for pumping and draining water.

[0026] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0027] 1. The mechanized construction system provided by the present invention and matched with the inclined shaft comprises: a crawler excavation trolley, which is suitable for providing an operating platform for drillers and blasters when excavating through the inclined shaft; a crawler excavator, which is suitable for excavating slag at the face when slag removal is carried out through the inclined shaft; a first crawler transport vehicle, which is suitable for cooperating with the crawler excavator to transport slag to the slag unloading pool at the tunnel entrance; a second crawler transport vehicle, which is suitable for transporting the stand and support materials to the face when initial support is carried out through the inclined shaft; a first crawler concrete tanker, which is suitable for transporting concrete to the face when initial support is carried out through the inclined shaft, and cooperating with the wet spraying machine to carry out initial support spraying concrete operation; a crawler dump truck, which is suitable for transporting slag when invert arch and invert arch backfill construction is carried out through the inclined shaft; a second ... The concrete tank truck is suitable for transporting concrete to the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel when the invert arch and invert arch backfill construction are carried out through the inclined shaft; the crawler type drainage operation trolley is suitable for drainage operations after passing through the inclined shaft; the crawler type hydraulic lining trolley is suitable for secondary lining operations through the inclined shaft; the third crawler type concrete tank truck is suitable for transporting concrete to the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel when the secondary lining operations are carried out through the inclined shaft; the present application adopts the above-mentioned technical scheme, utilizing the advantages of the crawler type machinery's sturdy and durable walking structure, strong adhesion to the ground, small ground contact pressure, strong obstacle crossing ability, strong climbing ability, and the ability to operate normally in a tunnel inclined shaft with a comprehensive longitudinal slope greater than 7°, thereby safely and efficiently realizing the crawler type machinery providing a working platform, crawler type machinery discharging slag and crawler type machinery supporting and other construction operations. This application scheme can completely replace conventional rail transportation construction, thereby avoiding the shortcomings of high safety risks and high maintenance costs of a series of equipment such as winches, mine cars, tracks and wire ropes in rail transportation construction; greatly reducing the impact of cross-operation between slag discharge and transportation of materials such as concrete, steel frames and steel bars; especially greatly improving the emergency response capabilities when facing adverse geological disasters in tunnels, such as sudden mud and water. In addition, it is simple to operate and convenient to construct, which greatly shortens the construction period and significantly reduces costs. That is, it has achieved remarkable results in terms of quality, economy, safety and construction efficiency, significantly improving the level of trackless construction technology for tunnels with large longitudinal slopes and inclined shafts, and improving the construction efficiency of tunnels with large longitudinal slopes.

[0028] 2. The present invention installs a hydraulic support structure between the working platform and the walking crawler of the crawler excavation trolley, and the hydraulic support structure is suitable for providing a horizontal operating platform for drillers and blasters; this application adopts the above technical solution to ensure that the staff has a stable horizontal operating platform, thereby ensuring personnel safety and work efficiency.

[0029] 3. The present invention provides a ground screw limiting structure in front of the crawler excavation trolley, and the ground screw limiting structure is suitable for auxiliary supporting the front part of the crawler excavation trolley when the crawler excavation trolley is fixed; the present application adopts the above technical solution, and further ensures the stability of the operating platform when it is in a horizontal state through the ground screw limiting structure.

[0030] 4. The present invention provides a telescopic platform on the top of the crawler excavation trolley; the telescopic platform is suitable for telescoping in the front and rear directions; the present application adopts the above technical solution, and through the telescopic platform, it can meet the full-section method construction and micro-step method construction at the same time.

[0031] 5. The present invention provides support legs on the telescopic platform; the support legs are powered by a cylinder for telescopic power; the present application adopts the above technical solution to provide stable support for the telescopic platform and ensure work safety.

[0032] 6. The present invention provides a lifting telescopic arm on the crawler excavation trolley, and the lifting telescopic arm is suitable for lifting the arch frame; the present application adopts the above technical solution to reduce labor intensity and improve construction efficiency.

[0033] 7. The present invention also provides an arch frame translation mechanism and an arch frame lifting mechanism on the telescopic platform; the present application adopts the above technical solution to facilitate the erection construction, reduce labor intensity and improve construction efficiency.

[0034] 8. The present invention further provides a sliding vehicle on the crawler excavation trolley, and the sliding vehicle is suitable for moving the lifting arch frame into the lifting range of the lifting telescopic arm; the present application adopts the above technical solution to facilitate the transportation of the arch frame to the construction site.

[0035] 9. The mechanized construction system provided by the present invention and matched with the inclined shaft also includes: a wheeled side-tipping loader and a wheeled dump truck; the wheeled side-tipping loader and the wheeled dump truck cooperate to transfer the slag in the slag unloading pool at the tunnel entrance to the slag dump; the present application adopts the above-mentioned technical solution to prevent excessive slag in the slag unloading pool at the tunnel entrance, thereby preventing the passage from being blocked.

[0036] 10. The present invention provides refuge caverns at preset intervals in the inclined shaft; the refuge caverns are suitable for vehicle turning around or as water storage tanks for pumping and draining water; the present application adopts the above technical solution to facilitate vehicle turning around and ensure normal construction operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the crawler excavation trolley provided in an embodiment of the present invention when traveling in an inclined shaft;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crawler excavation trolley provided in an embodiment of the present invention when it is parked and fixed in an inclined shaft;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crawler excavation trolley provided in an embodiment of the present invention when the ground is horizontal.

[0041] Description of reference numerals:

[0042] 1. Crawler excavation trolley; 2. Head face; 3. Working platform; 4. Walking crawler; 5. Ground screw limit structure; 6. Telescopic platform; 7. Support legs; 8. Cylinder; 9. Lifting telescopic arm; 10. Arch frame translation mechanism; 11. Arch frame lifting mechanism; 12. Sliding car; 13. Hydraulic support structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0047] In order to avoid the problems of long construction period, high safety risks and large number of cross-operations in the construction of rail transportation in tunnels with large longitudinal slopes, the applicant has developed a corresponding technical solution based on a series of investigations, comparisons and demonstrations.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 3 A specific implementation of the mechanized construction system for the inclined shaft shown in the figure includes: a crawler excavation trolley 1, a crawler excavator, a first crawler transport vehicle, a second crawler transport vehicle, a first crawler concrete tanker, a crawler dump truck, a second crawler concrete tanker, a crawler drainage operation trolley, a crawler hydraulic lining trolley, a third crawler concrete tanker, a wheeled side-tipping loader and a wheeled dump truck.

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a hydraulic support structure 13 is installed between the working platform 3 and the walking crawler 4 of the crawler excavation trolley 1. The hydraulic support structure 13 is suitable for providing a horizontal operating platform for drillers and blasters; specifically, the horizontal operating platform is achieved by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic support structure 13. A ground screw limit structure 5 is provided in front of the crawler excavation trolley 1. The ground screw limit structure 5 is suitable for auxiliary support of the front part of the crawler excavation trolley 1 when the crawler excavation trolley 1 is fixed. When the crawler excavation trolley 1 is moving, the ground screw limit structure 5 rotates and flips onto the crawler excavation trolley 1. Among them, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The arrow in denoted the forward direction of the crawler excavation vehicle 1 .

[0050] like Figure 3As shown, a telescopic platform 6 is provided on the top of the crawler excavation trolley 1; the telescopic platform 6 is suitable for telescoping in the front-back direction. Support legs 7 are provided on the telescopic platform 6; the support legs 7 are provided with telescopic power by a cylinder 8. A lifting telescopic arm 9 is provided on the crawler excavation trolley 1, and the lifting telescopic arm 9 is suitable for lifting an arch frame. A sliding vehicle 12 is also provided on the crawler excavation trolley 1, and the sliding vehicle 12 is suitable for moving the hoisted arch frame to the lifting range of the lifting telescopic arm 9. An arch frame translation mechanism 10 and an arch frame lifting mechanism 11 are also provided on the telescopic platform 6.

[0051] The wheeled dump loader and wheeled dump truck are used to transfer the slag from the slag pool at the tunnel entrance to the waste dump. A refuge cave is provided at a preset distance in the inclined shaft; the refuge cave is suitable for vehicle turning or as a water storage tank for pumping and draining water. The preset distance can be 200m.

[0052] Combination Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the main working process of the mechanized construction system matched with the inclined shaft described in this application is briefly described as follows:

[0053] 1. Excavation

[0054] During the excavation operation, an operating platform needs to be provided for the driller and blaster, that is, the crawler excavation trolley 1 described in this application adopts the form of a crawler self-propelled trolley, and the size of the crawler excavation trolley 1 needs to be determined according to the comprehensive longitudinal slope and cross-sectional dimensions of the inclined shaft. For example, in a certain project, the tunnel is provided with an inclined shaft longitudinal slope, and the cross-section adopts a single-center circle cross-section with a radius of 5.57m, a net width of 10.77m, and a net height of 7.0m. According to simulation analysis and calculation, the crawler excavation trolley 1 used in the construction of the tunnel inclined shaft has a length of 6m, a width of 10.5m, a height of 4.5m, a deadweight of 20t, a maximum climbing ability of 19.3°, and its traction power meets the requirements of uphill and downhill. The internal clearance width of the crawler excavation trolley 1 is 4.19m, and the internal vehicle height is 3.91m, which meets the traffic conditions of fully loaded dump trucks and excavators. The crawler excavation trolley 1 is provided with a hydraulic support structure 13 at the front and rear. When the crawler excavation trolley 1 is moving, it is parallel to the slope of the inclined shaft (see Figure 1 When working in a fixed position, the hydraulic support structures 13 at the front and rear of the crawler excavation trolley 1 are raised to provide a relatively horizontal working platform 3 for the workers (see Figure 2 ), and the ground screw limit structure 5 is used for auxiliary limit fixation to ensure its safety performance during use. The top frame of the crawler excavation trolley 1 is equipped with a 6m long telescopic platform, which can meet the construction of the full section method and the micro-step method at the same time. The crawler excavation trolley 1 is equipped with a lifting telescopic arm 9, which can hoist the arch frame and assist workers in erecting the frame for construction. During blasting, the crawler excavation trolley 1 retreats to a safe area and is fixed.

[0055] 2. Slag removal operation

[0056] During the slag discharge operation at face 2, a crawler excavator is used in conjunction with a 7.3m3 first crawler transporter to transport the slag at face 2 to the slag discharge pool at the tunnel entrance, and a wheeled dump loader and a wheeled dump truck are used to transport the slag to the waste dump regularly. The maximum climbing ability of the first crawler transporter is 25°, the maximum load is 15t, the cargo box length×width×height is 3.8m×2.4m×0.8m, and the average travel speed when fully loaded is 10km / h (i.e. 167m / min).

[0057] 3. Initial support work

[0058] When the slag discharge is about to end, the second crawler transport vehicle is used to transport the frame and support materials to the tunnel face 2, and the crawler excavation trolley 1 is manually cooperated to carry out frame support and other operations; the initial support shotcrete is centrally mixed at the mixing station and transported to the tunnel face 2 by the first crawler concrete tank truck with a capacity of 3m3, and the initial support shotcrete operation is carried out manually in cooperation with the small wet spraying machine.

[0059] 4. Construction of invert and backfill

[0060] After the inclined shaft is penetrated, the slag backfilled at the bottom of the tunnel is removed in the reverse direction, and the slag is removed by a crawler dump truck. The invert and the invert backfill concrete are transported to the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel by a 9m3 second crawler concrete tanker, and pumped to the invert and the invert backfill area by a concrete delivery pump. During the construction of the invert and the invert backfill, a fixed formwork must be used to ensure that the formwork is stable and firm, and the surface is closed according to the longitudinal slope of the inclined shaft. The invert and the invert backfill are constructed in sections, and the length of each section shall not exceed 3m.

[0061] 5. Drainage and secondary lining operations

[0062] The crawler type drainage and waterproofing operation trolley can be modified and used by crawler type excavation trolley 1. The secondary lining is constructed in reverse after the inclined shaft is penetrated. The secondary lining adopts a 6m long crawler type hydraulic lining trolley, and the concrete is pumped into the mold by a concrete pump. The concrete is transported to the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel by a 9m3 third crawler type concrete tank truck, and pumped into the concrete pump in the secondary lining area by a concrete delivery pump, and then pumped into the mold by the concrete delivery pump in the secondary lining area.

[0063] 6. Other assignments:

[0064] A refuge cave is set up every 200m in the ventilation inclined shaft, which is used as a water storage tank for vehicle turning and drainage in the cave; the buffer platform is determined according to the location of the refuge cave. The buffer platform should not be too long and has an appropriate slope to facilitate construction; construction workers walk through the pedestrian walkways built on both sides of the inclined shaft. The walkways are equipped with fences and warning signs, following the principle of left up and right down.

[0065] In short, the construction efficiency of the technical solution described in this application is higher, and the construction period is shorter than that of conventional rail transportation construction. Taking a 620m long tunnel inclined shaft as an example, after efficiency analysis and calculation, when conventional rail transportation is used for construction, each cycle of excavation and support takes about 31.13h, and the total construction period of the inclined shaft is 474 days; when the technical solution of this application is used for construction, each cycle of excavation and support takes about 29.3h, and the total construction period of the inclined shaft is 439 days. The construction cost investment of the technical solution described in this application is relatively small. Taking a 620m long tunnel inclined shaft as an example, after economic comparison and analysis, the construction cost of the technical solution described in this application is 19.9855 million yuan; the construction cost of traditional rail transportation is 21.6129 million yuan, saving about 1.6274 million yuan in construction costs. The technical solution of this application is used to break through the trackless construction technology of tunnel inclined shafts with a comprehensive longitudinal slope greater than 7°, and significantly achieve the purpose of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0066] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived from them are still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized construction system for an inclined shaft, characterized in that: include: The crawler excavation trolley (1) is suitable for providing an operating platform for drillers and blasters when performing excavation operations through inclined shafts; A crawler excavator is suitable for excavating slag at the tunnel face (2) when performing slag removal operations through an inclined shaft; The first crawler transport vehicle is suitable for cooperating with the crawler excavator to transport the slag to the slag unloading pool at the tunnel entrance; The second crawler transport vehicle is suitable for transporting the stand and support materials to the tunnel face during the initial support operation through the inclined shaft; The first crawler concrete tank truck is suitable for transporting concrete to the tunnel face (2) when performing initial support operations through the inclined shaft, and cooperates with the wet spraying machine to perform initial support spraying concrete operations; Crawler dump trucks are suitable for transporting slag when carrying out invert arch and invert arch backfill construction through inclined shafts; The second crawler concrete tanker is suitable for transporting concrete to the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel when the invert arch and invert arch backfill construction are carried out through the inclined shaft; Crawler-type drainage and water prevention operation trolley is suitable for drainage and water prevention operations after passing through inclined shafts; Crawler hydraulic lining trolley, suitable for secondary lining operations through inclined shafts; The third crawler concrete tanker is suitable for transporting concrete to the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel when the secondary lining operation is carried out through the inclined shaft; A hydraulic support structure (13) is installed between the working platform (3) and the walking crawler (4) provided on the crawler excavation trolley (1), and the hydraulic support structure (13) is suitable for providing a horizontal operating platform for drillers and blasters; A telescopic platform (6) is provided on the top of the crawler excavation trolley (1); the telescopic platform (6) is suitable for being telescopic in the front-rear direction; A support leg (7) is provided on the telescopic platform (6); the support leg (7) is provided with telescopic power by an oil cylinder (8).

2. The mechanized construction system for inclined shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A ground screw limit structure (5) is provided in front of the crawler excavation trolley (1), and the ground screw limit structure (5) is suitable for auxiliary supporting the front part of the crawler excavation trolley (1) when the crawler excavation trolley (1) is fixed.

3. The mechanized construction system for inclined shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A lifting telescopic arm (9) is provided on the crawler excavation trolley (1), and the lifting telescopic arm (9) is suitable for lifting an arch frame.

4. The mechanized construction system for inclined shaft according to claim 3 is characterized in that: An arch frame translation mechanism (10) and an arch frame lifting mechanism (11) are also provided on the telescopic platform (6).

5. The mechanized construction system for inclined shaft according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A sliding vehicle (12) is also provided on the crawler excavation trolley (1), and the sliding vehicle (12) is suitable for moving the lifting arch frame into the lifting range of the lifting telescopic arm (9).

6. The mechanized construction system for inclined shaft according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Also includes: wheel dump loaders and wheel dump trucks; The wheeled side-tipping loader cooperates with the wheeled dump truck and is suitable for transferring the slag in the slag unloading pool at the tunnel entrance to the slag disposal site.

7. The mechanized construction system for inclined shaft according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Refuge caves are provided at preset intervals in the inclined shaft; the refuge caves are suitable for vehicle turning or as water storage tanks for pumping and draining water.

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