An intradermal injection training system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of intradermal injection training systems, including wrist model, annular light transceiver component, ultrasonic unit and processing module.In the case where puncture needle pierces wrist model, puncture needle forms first projection in annular light transceiver component under the light irradiation of annular light transceiver component, and forms second projection under the ultrasonic monitoring of ultrasonic unit.Processing module establishes three-dimensional coordinate system based on the data of acquired first projection and second projection to present puncture needle in virtual space in three dimensions.The intradermal injection training system of the present application is provided with processing module that can calculate and simulate the angle and depth of actual puncture needle, by obtaining the first projection and second projection of puncture needle, according to the position, angle and length of projection distribution, it can construct injection angle and depth in three-dimensional level, so as to be in the form of video image or picture in real time by display module Show to training personnel and / or teaching staff, to improve the efficiency and effect of training.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical education technology, and in particular to an intradermal injection training system. Background Technology

[0002] Intradermal injection is a method of injecting a small amount of medication or biological product between the epidermis and dermis. The injection site is chosen based on the purpose of the injection; for example, the lower palmar side of the forearm is often used for drug allergy testing. Within the current technological scope, intradermal injection models have a wide range of functions, including comprehensive models applicable to various injection methods and specific models designed solely for intradermal injection. Specific models for intradermal injection are typically designed as semi-cylindrical structures containing layers of epidermis, dermis, intradermis, and subcutaneous tissue, and allow for manual drainage by peeling away the epidermis. Some intradermal injection models replicate the entire patient's arm, allowing operation only in the intradermal injection area, providing a realistic experience. Other models have injection points between the epidermis and dermis; after injection, a raised wheal forms at the injection point. However, these models require manual drainage; the medication in the wheal must be aspirated with a syringe after each injection, and the number of wheals is limited, reducing practice efficiency.

[0003] Existing injection training models often suffer from limitations due to material constraints, resulting in the inability to form a wheal after injection, or requiring manual drainage even after the wheal appears. Furthermore, existing models cannot accurately observe the injection angle and depth within the model; practitioners must rely solely on intuition to judge whether the angle and depth are correct during practice. Therefore, even if the injection technique is not perfect, the practitioner cannot accurately identify the problem. This is especially problematic for beginners; if incorrect injection methods are not corrected promptly, incorrect injection habits can easily develop, hindering the improvement of injection skills and creating difficulties in clinical practice.

[0004] Furthermore, in the field of neonatal vaccination, due to the lack of immunity in newborns, various vaccines are needed after birth to protect them from diseases. Currently, the vaccines included in the National Basic Immunization Program include intradermal BCG vaccine, recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, and measles-rubella vaccine. BCG, as an important live attenuated vaccine for newborns, must be administered intradermally. The first dose is usually given within 24 hours of birth, and the vaccination should be completed no later than one year of age. BCG enhances the body's resistance to tuberculosis, preventing neonatal infection with pulmonary tuberculosis or tuberculous meningitis. However, if BCG is mistakenly administered subcutaneously, it can easily lead to tuberculosis, extensive local ulceration, and even necrosis of axillary lymph nodes. For vulnerable newborns, incorrect intradermal vaccination can cause abscesses and prolonged non-healing at the injection site, and even related local functional damage, such as damage to nerve endings.

[0005] CN 113706982A discloses a combined training glove for intravenous puncture and intradermal injection, mainly comprising a glove body and a simulation training system disposed within the glove body. The glove body is composed of two layers of membrane-like structures. The simulation training system is disposed within the two layers of membrane-like structures of the glove body, with a filler material filling the space between the two membrane-like structures to fix the simulation training system within the glove body. The simulation training system mainly includes a blood storage sac disposed on the palm side of the glove body and a vascular network disposed on the back side of the hand, the blood storage sac and the vascular network being connected by a pipe. A blood injection tube extending outward is disposed on the side of the blood storage sac facing the fingers, and a one-way valve is disposed on the blood injection tube. A liquid outlet is disposed on the side of the vascular network facing the arm through a liquid outflow tube. The defects of this patent are: insufficient simulation level, significant difference from a real arm, inability to intuitively reflect the injection method of the operator during injection, and inability to intuitively observe errors through simulation. Due to insufficient simulation level, it cannot fundamentally solve the risks of intradermal injection, and there is no teaching aid suitable for retrograde intradermal injection.

[0006] Existing technologies already include solutions that determine the specific position and status of the puncture needle during the puncture process solely through ultrasound detection. For example, CN114052848A discloses an image-guided puncture method, medical device, and storage medium. The puncture guidance method includes: acquiring a first puncture image generated when an ultrasound probe emits a signal onto the surface of a living organism based on a first deflection angle; determining the current state of the puncture needle in the first puncture needle image; performing preset processing on the ultrasound probe based on the current state of the puncture needle; and acquiring a new first puncture image after the preset processing. However, the specific position and state of the puncture needle in this solution require fusion judgment of images generated by the ultrasound probe emitting signals into the living organism at two different angles. A single-angle ultrasound probe detection can only reflect the projected position of the puncture needle on a certain surface within the living organism. For example, an image generated by the ultrasound probe emitting signals into the living organism at an inclined angle can only reflect the needle angle position of the puncture needle relative to the surface of the living organism, while an image generated by the ultrasound probe emitting signals into the living organism at a vertical angle can only reflect the needle depth position of the puncture needle relative to the surface of the living organism. If the exact position and state of the puncture needle need to be determined, different ultrasonic probe emission angles need to be adjusted, thus increasing the adjustment steps in the puncture training process and directly affecting the accuracy of the puncture training. Unlike the existing technology, this application only requires setting a single ultrasonic probe emission mode and placing it inside the model, thereby avoiding measurement errors caused by changes in the ultrasonic probe emission position. On the one hand, the ultrasonic unit of this application is only used to form a second projection of the puncture needle parallel to the model surface. Combined with the first projection formed by the puncture needle on the ring light receiving unit under the illumination of the ring light, a virtual space containing the puncture needle is constructed in three dimensions to intuitively show the specific puncture position and puncture state of the puncture needle to the trainee, so as to intuitively reflect the entire process of intradermal injection. This makes it easier for the trainee to find and correct any improper intradermal injection operations, thereby improving the effectiveness of puncture training. On the other hand, the ultrasonic unit of this application emits ultrasonic signals in a divergent manner from the central area inside the model, thereby achieving full coverage of the puncture range around the model and improving the accuracy of ultrasonic signal detection. In contrast, the existing technology mentioned above requires adjusting the emission position of the ultrasound probe to find the reflected signal of the puncture needle after the puncture needle is inserted into the model, which reduces the detection efficiency of the ultrasound signal and the accuracy of the acquired signal data.

[0007] Existing technologies already include methods for visualizing veins during venipuncture using only light and shadow image information detection. For example, CN110033681A discloses an arm vein puncture training model, comprising: a highly realistic arm model, an automatic venous fluorescence imaging device, a microcomputer controller, and a fully automatic blood circulation simulation device. The simulated vein at the puncture site is equipped with fluorescent vein vessels made of purple-red or other colored fluorescent materials, connected to the microcomputer controller and the fully automatic blood circulation simulation device. Ultraviolet lamp beads of a specific diameter are placed below the center of the puncture site, precisely corresponding to it. When the power switch is turned on, the vein at the puncture site can automatically achieve fluorescence imaging, allowing the operator to perform puncture under the guidance of the imaging, thereby greatly improving the success rate of venipuncture and enhancing the training effect of venipuncture skills. This technical solution mainly achieves visualization of the vein structure by placing the light and shadow simulation device inside the arm model. The imaging device is mainly used to generate vein images, which can be hidden within the arm model, allowing the operator to train venipuncture skills under direct visualization. In other words, the image information obtained by the light and shadow imaging device in this technical solution is only used to define the path of the vein, which is significantly different from the technical solution of this application, which uses the first projection formed on the ring light transceiver component under the illumination of the ring light transceiver component to determine the puncture position of the puncture needle. Specifically, when the puncture needle enters the dermis and / or subcutaneous tissue layer, the puncture needle in this application forms a first projection on the ring light receiving unit under the illumination of the ring light. This first projection is used to construct part of the coordinate information of the puncture needle in the virtual space in three dimensions. At the same time, combined with the other part of the coordinate information of the puncture needle determined by the ultrasound information, a simulated state information of the puncture needle is constructed to intuitively show the trainee the entire process of intradermal injection. This is significantly different from the above-mentioned prior art processing method that only focuses on imaging veins.

[0008] In existing technologies, when constructing images of target objects using ultrasonic detection information, the ultrasonic probe is typically used as the active component, and the target object is treated as a stationary object. Ultrasonic image information of the target object is detected by adjusting the ultrasonic probe. If the target object moves, the position of the ultrasonic probe must be readjusted; otherwise, ultrasonic signal loss or incomplete detection will occur, leading to deviations in target object positioning and affecting the accuracy of puncture training. The technical solution of this application, in contrast, places the ultrasonic unit inside the model and detects the puncture needle inside the model using a ring-shaped emission method. This enables rapid and accurate positioning, obtaining more accurate ultrasonic image information of the puncture needle. In other words, the aforementioned existing technologies or their combinations with conventional techniques cannot achieve the solution of this application for improving the effectiveness of puncture needle position detection and simulation technology.

[0009] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intradermal injection training system, particularly suitable for retrograde intradermal injection, including a wrist model. The system further includes a ring-shaped light transceiver assembly, an ultrasonic unit, and a processing module. Preferably, when the puncture needle is inserted into the wrist model, the puncture needle forms a first projection on the ring-shaped light transceiver assembly under illumination, and a second projection under ultrasonic monitoring by the ultrasonic unit. The processing module establishes a three-dimensional coordinate system based on the acquired first and second projection data to present the puncture needle in three dimensions in virtual space. This intradermal injection training system is equipped with a processing module capable of calculating and simulating the actual angle and depth of the puncture needle. By acquiring the first and second projections of the puncture needle, and based on the position, angle, and length of the projection distribution, the injection angle and depth can be constructed in three dimensions, and then displayed in real-time to trainees and / or instructors in the form of video images or pictures through a display module, thereby improving training efficiency and effectiveness.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a hand model and an arm model. The hand model, wrist model, and arm model are sequentially connected in a manner simulating a human arm. The wrist model serves as the intradermal injection site. A water-retaining layer is provided between the dermis and subcutaneous tissue layer of the wrist model. When fluid is injected between the epidermis and dermis of the wrist model, the dermis drains the fluid by drawing it into the water-retaining layer. The wrist model of the intradermal injection training system of the present invention is equipped with a water-retaining layer. The water-retaining layer can absorb the medication within the dermis. During repeated training, it is not necessary to repeatedly drain the model, significantly improving the training efficiency and effectiveness. The wrist model of the present invention directly simulates and replicates the intradermal injection site and is rotatable, increasing the practice injection area.

[0012] Assuming the wrist model is cylindrical, the first direction is parallel to the axis of the cylinder and points from the hand model to the arm model. The second direction is radial to the cylinder and points from the inside of the cylinder to the outside. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the ring light transceiver assembly includes: a ring light emitting unit for emitting ring light along a first direction; and a ring light receiving unit for receiving the ring light. The ring light emitting unit is arranged in a ring shape on the end face of the hand model. The ring light can pass through the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue layer of the wrist model along the first direction and reach the end face of the arm model near the wrist model. This invention obtains the injection angle and depth of the puncture needle from at least one angle, thereby calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the puncture needle to construct an accurate three-dimensional coordinate system, thus improving the simulation effect and practice efficiency for the practitioner.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the ultrasonic unit is used to emit ultrasonic waves along a second direction and to receive the echo formed by the ultrasonic waves reflected from the puncture needle. The ultrasonic waves in this invention, combined with ring light, enable simple, intuitive, radiation-free, and low-cost detection of puncture needles within an injection wrist model, thereby providing a visual demonstration of the practitioner's technique and improving practice efficiency and effectiveness. Conventional ultrasonic units primarily detect target objects inside the model by placing the detection probe on the model's surface, such as in ultrasound examinations. This method is mainly suitable when the target object's position does not change significantly. However, when the target object is a puncture needle, since the puncture angle and position change with different puncture procedures, using a conventional ultrasonic unit for external detection requires constantly moving the ultrasonic probe to obtain clearer ultrasonic information. This obviously increases the difficulty for operators who need to focus on puncture training in determining the precise location of the puncture needle. Unlike existing conventional techniques, the ultrasonic unit and the light emitting unit in this invention emit detection media from inside the model in a ring-shaped manner, thereby achieving full coverage of the internal area of ​​the model. With this setting, regardless of how the puncture position is adjusted, the first projection and second projection information can be obtained in a timely and accurate manner, thereby improving the accuracy of the 3D model of the puncture needle.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, a ring light receiving unit acquires the ring light emitted by the ring light emitting unit by being disposed on at least one end face of the wrist model; an ultrasonic unit acquires ultrasonic waves by being disposed on the annular circumferential surface of the filling layer within the wrist model. This invention uses ring light and ultrasonic waves to obtain a first and second projection of the puncture needle after it is inserted into the model. The processing module forms a three-dimensional model of the puncture needle from the first and second projections, thereby accurately reflecting the injection depth and angle of the puncture needle in virtual space. This provides a data basis for scoring the puncture operation of the trainee, thereby improving the trainee's practice efficiency.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, when the puncture needle enters the dermis and / or subcutaneous tissue layer, the puncture needle forms a first projection on the annular light receiving unit under the illumination of annular light, and / or the puncture needle reflects ultrasound waves to form an echo, thereby forming a second projection on the ultrasound unit. This invention, by acquiring the first and second projections of the puncture needle in a first and second direction, constructs a virtual space containing the puncture needle in a three-dimensional plane, intuitively demonstrating the entire intradermal injection process to trainees. This facilitates trainees in identifying any improper intradermal injection techniques, enabling them to correct them promptly and develop good injection habits.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module obtains the projection points of the puncture needle based on the acquired data of the first and second projections. The projection points include the projected length and position of the puncture needle. Preferably, the processing module determines the fixed-point elements of the puncture needle in a three-dimensional coordinate system based on the projection points, thereby simulating the puncture needle inserted into the wrist model in the three-dimensional coordinate system. The processing module of this invention displays the position and angle changes of the puncture needle during intradermal injection in a three-dimensional presentation, allowing trainees to review and correct their actions, thus improving practice efficiency and effectiveness.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module obtains three-dimensional data of the puncture needle for a standard procedure from a medical database. Preferably, the processing module overlaps the puncture needle in the standard procedure with the simulated puncture needle in a three-dimensional coordinate system to perform a real-time comparison and output the trainee's matching degree.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, when a papilla is formed between the epidermis and the dermis, the ring light transceiver assembly acquires the light spot projected by the papilla onto the ring light receiving unit, and the ultrasonic wave acquires the echo formed by the ultrasonic wave reflected by the papilla.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module calculates the injection rate of the fluid in the puncture needle based on the diffusion rate of the wheal in the projection, and calculates the injection dose of the fluid in the puncture needle based on the size of the wheal in the projection. Preferably, the processing module adjusts the trainee's matching degree based on the injection rate and injection dose.

[0021] This invention indirectly obtains the injection rate and dosage of medication by detecting the changes and size of the skin wheals in the projection, and simultaneously uses this information to correct the trainee's final score. The intradermal injection training system of this invention observes the trainee's injection rate and dosage in real time based on the displayed skin wheals that represent injection speed and dosage. Injection rate is closely related to the patient's pain perception, thus enabling trained trainees to master the injection speed and dosage of intradermal medication, avoiding patient discomfort during injection.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a display module. The processing module is communicatively connected to the display module in a manner that allows it to display a simulated model of the auxiliary guidance marker or puncture needle on the display module. This invention uses the display module to display a simulated model of the puncture needle to trainers or instructors in real time in the form of video images or pictures, enabling trainers or instructors to promptly correct improper injection methods, develop good injection habits, and improve training efficiency and practice effectiveness.

[0023] This invention, through its layered structure, highly simulates human skin and subcutaneous tissue. Furthermore, by draining the injected fluid from the wrist model, it allows for repeated practice sessions, reducing training costs. The invention also provides a visual simulation of the wrist model, graphically displaying the trainee's specific needle insertion angle and depth. This enables trainees to review their own puncture techniques, avoiding the mistake of administering subcutaneous injections instead of intradermal injections to vulnerable newborns, thus improving training efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intradermal injection training system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a simplified cross-sectional schematic diagram of a wrist model according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a simplified structural diagram of a ring light emitting unit and a ring light receiving unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a simplified cross-sectional schematic diagram of an ultrasonic unit structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a projection-simulated puncture needle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a simplified disassembly diagram of the epidermis, dermis, and water-retaining layer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] List of reference numerals

[0031] 100: Hand model; 200: Wrist model; 300: Arm model; 210: Epidermis; 220: Dermis; 230: Water reservoir layer; 240: Subcutaneous tissue layer; 250: Muscle tissue layer; 260: Filler layer; 410: Ring light emitting unit; 411: Ring light; 420: Ring light receiving unit; 421: First projection; 430: Ultrasonic unit; 431: Ultrasonic wave; 441: Second projection. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] First, some of the terms used in this invention will be explained.

[0034] First direction: Assuming the wrist model 200 is cylindrical, the first direction is the direction parallel to the axis of the wrist model 200, and points from the hand model 100 to the arm model 300.

[0035] Second direction: Assuming the wrist model 200 is cylindrical, the second direction is the radial direction of the wrist model 200, pointing from the inside of the wrist model 200 outwards. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0036] Wheal: A localized bulge in the skin formed between the epidermis and dermis during intradermal injection.

[0037] First plane: The first plane refers to the plane parallel to the end face of the wrist model 200, that is, the plane perpendicular to the axis (first direction) of the wrist model 200.

[0038] Second plane: The second plane refers to the plane that is parallel to and tangent to the axis of the wrist model 200.

[0039] Ring light 411: Assuming that the wrist model 200 is cylindrical and its several cortical layers are arranged in a ring structure around the central axis of the wrist model 200, the ring light 411 refers to a beam of light that can pass through several cortical layers from one end of the wrist model 200 and reach the other end of the wrist model 200 along the first direction.

[0040] Ultrasound 431: Assuming the wrist model 200 is cylindrical, the second direction is actually the centrifugal direction. Ultrasound 431 is an ultrasound that is emitted from the inside to the outside and passes through several skin layers of the wrist model 200 from the inside to the outside.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Currently, there are various types of intradermal injection models available in the medical field. These include multifunctional models applicable to multiple intradermal injection techniques, and models specifically designed for intravenous injection with precision down to the blood vessel level. However, while existing intradermal injection models offer advantages such as variety and a certain degree of realism, they also have several shortcomings. For example, they may fail to form a wheal after intradermal injection, and the model material is prone to deformation. For beginners, lack of training and clinical experience can hinder their ability to quickly master injection techniques in clinical practice, causing unnecessary pain for patients. Furthermore, existing intradermal injection models have several problems, including their inability to be reused. Even if a model can form a wheal, its limited quantity and repeated injections can lead to leakage due to material limitations. Some models, due to material defects, fail to form a wheal after injection, resulting in low realism.

[0043] For intradermal injections in newborns, due to their fragile constitution, newborns need to receive various vaccines over a period of time. Some vaccines, due to their specific injection sites and dosages, require standardized intradermal injections by medical personnel. When administering intradermal vaccines to newborns, medical personnel, without extensive practice, often struggle to accurately control the needle depth and angle, easily misinterpreting intradermal injections as subcutaneous injections. This can cause severe pain in newborns, resulting in local abscesses exceeding 10mm in diameter at the injection site, healing periods exceeding 12 weeks, and even extensive ulceration at the injection site, axillary lymph node necrosis, and other severe systemic reactions.

[0044] For example, newborns generally need to receive the BCG vaccine within the first two years of life. The BCG vaccine is administered intradermally. If it is mistakenly injected subcutaneously, it can cause swelling at the injection site and in the lymph nodes, requiring local or systemic isoniazid blockade treatment. The BCG vaccine is effective against many types of tuberculosis, particularly tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis, with a protective efficacy of over 80% in the first five years and maintaining 59% after 10-15 years. Therefore, as a mandatory intradermal vaccine for newborns, a large number of BCG injections are required. The intradermal injection site in newborns has weak muscles and a dense concentration of important blood vessels and nerve fibers. If the BCG is mistakenly injected subcutaneously, severe abscesses can occur, lasting 6-12 months. Furthermore, because newborns' arms are not fully developed, the accuracy of intradermal injections is higher than in adults. Current technology lacks highly realistic training for intradermal injections and correction of needle depth and angle, leading to frequent accidents involving subcutaneous BCG injections. Even if a newborn receives timely anti-tuberculosis and anti-infection treatment after being mistakenly given a BCG vaccine subcutaneously, the abscess still requires more than two months of treatment to heal, resulting in a significant waste of human and material resources. Therefore, how to conduct training on intradermal vaccine administration and how to avoid misoperating from intradermal injection to subcutaneous injection are urgent problems that need to be solved with current technology.

[0045] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes an adjustable, wearable intradermal injection model that does not require manual drainage. This invention relates to an intradermal injection training system, specifically a novel, freely rotatable intradermal injection model, device, and method that is embedded in an arm model and can be used for teaching, demonstration, and practice, and requires no manual drainage.

[0046] Preferably, the system includes a hand model 100, a wrist model 200, and an arm model 300. Preferably, the hand model 100, wrist model 200, and arm model 300 are connected sequentially in a manner simulating a human arm. Preferably, the wrist model 200, serving as the intradermal injection site, comprises, from the outside in, an epidermal layer 210, a dermal layer 220, a subcutaneous tissue layer 240, and a muscle tissue layer 250. Preferably, a water-retaining layer 230 is provided between the dermal layer 220 and the subcutaneous tissue layer 240. Preferably, the water-retaining layer 230 is used to absorb the fluid injected into the dermal layer 220. During repeated use of the wrist model 200, the fluid injected into the dermal layer 220 may accumulate, leading to leakage in the intradermal injection model. The water-retaining layer 230 prevents the fluid in the dermal layer 220 from accumulating. Preferably, the water-retaining layer 230 can be peeled off and replaced from the wrist model 200. Because the intradermal injection dose is small, the fluid is difficult to drain from the water reservoir 230. After the water reservoir 230 has absorbed enough fluid, it can be disassembled and replaced, thus ensuring the continuous use of the wrist model 200.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the intradermal injection site of the wrist model 200 is composed of an epidermal layer 210, a dermal layer 220, a water-retaining layer 230, a subcutaneous tissue layer 240, and a muscle tissue layer 250, from the outside in. A water-retaining layer 230 is located between the dermal layer 220 and the subcutaneous tissue layer 240. The muscle tissue layer 250 is bonded to the filling layer 260 by adhesion. The filling layer 260 is, for example, a foamed plastic filler. The intradermal injection site consists of four layers, from top to bottom: the epidermal layer 210, the dermal layer 220, the subcutaneous tissue layer 240, and the muscle tissue layer 250. Preferably, the epidermal layer 210, the dermal layer 220, the subcutaneous tissue layer 240, and the muscle tissue layer 250 are bonded together. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the intradermal injection site are fixed with silicone. Preferably, the epidermal layer 210 can be made of silicone. Preferably, the dermal layer 220 can be made of synthetic silicone rubber. Preferably, the water reservoir 230 can be made of absorbent sponge. Preferably, the subcutaneous tissue layer 240 can be made of translucent silicone. Preferably, the muscle tissue layer 250 is made of raw rubber. The wrist model 200 made of the above materials can be used for multiple injections at the same location. Raw rubber has good resilience; after injection, the injection site gradually closes, allowing for repeated use. This invention can be used in multiple scenarios, has low cost, and the materials are non-toxic and environmentally friendly, causing no environmental pollution.

[0048] Preferably, the thickness of the water-retaining layer 230 between the dermis 220 and the subcutaneous tissue layer 240 is set to 1 mm. The epidermis 210 is approximately 0.05 mm thick, the dermis 220 is approximately 1 mm thick, the subcutaneous tissue layer 240 is approximately 3 mm thick, and the muscle tissue layer 250 is approximately 1 mm thick. The wrist model 200 is approximately 12 cm long. The dermis 220 is bonded to the foam plastic in an adhesive manner.

[0049] Existing injection models are unsuitable for single-person operation due to their complex structure and heavy components. In particular, existing models lack a drainage system, only providing an intradermal injection area for practice. This necessitates preparation and refinement before, during, and after use. For example, it's necessary to check for any residual medication inside the model and whether any medication has drained from the wheal. Furthermore, the practitioner must place the model correctly, ensuring the intradermal injection area is aligned longitudinally for simulated intradermal injection.

[0050] The dermal layer 220 of this invention is lightweight and has a more suitable softness and hardness. The wrist model 200 directly simulates and replicates the intradermal injection site, can rotate freely, increases the injection area, and eliminates the need for manual drainage after injection. The dermal layer 220 slowly absorbs the medication and stores it in the water storage layer 230.

[0051] Compared to existing products, this invention uses superior materials, including silicone and raw rubber, to highly simulate arm skin. Due to the high-temperature resistance of rubber, the model is less prone to deformation over time. The intradermal injection site of this invention closely mimics a real arm, with its thickness conforming to the condition of normal human skin. This allows practitioners to perform intradermal injection exercises using the wrist model 200 in a manner consistent with real-life conditions, improving training efficiency.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment, the system includes a hand model 100, a wrist model 200, and an arm model 300. The wrist model 200 is a rotating intradermal injection area. Preferably, the hand model 100, wrist model 200, and arm model 300 can be connected by a connecting shaft. Preferably, the hand model 100, wrist model 200, and arm model 300 are connected by a connecting shaft arranged along a first direction. Preferably, the connecting shaft passes through both ends of the wrist model 200 along the first direction. The wrist model 200 is rotatable around the connecting shaft. The connecting shaft is, for example, a long fixing rod or nail, or other device that allows the wrist model 200 to rotate relative to the body. A water reservoir 230 is used to collect the intradermal injected medication from the wrist model 200, facilitating timely drainage without removing the wrist model 200 from the whole unit, saving time and effort. Both the hand model 100 and the arm model 300 are made of environmentally friendly rubber, which is heat-resistant, durable, and not easily deformed. The models of this invention are low in cost and made of high-quality materials. Furthermore, each model highly simulates the human arm and realistically reproduces the injection sensation.

[0053] According to a preferred embodiment, the epidermal layer 210 can be peeled off and replaced. When the epidermal layer 210 has been used for an extended period, it can be peeled off and replaced with a new one. The water reservoir layer 230 can also be peeled off and replaced. When the water reservoir layer 230 contains excessive fluid, it can be peeled off and replaced. The wrist model 200 has a large operable area, and due to the resilience of the rubber itself, the same area of ​​the wrist model can be repeatedly injected without leakage, extending the model's lifespan. Furthermore, the wrist model 200 allows for intradermal injection at all angles, significantly increasing the injection area.

[0054] More preferably, the epidermis 210 and / or dermis 220 can be made of a first material. The subcutaneous tissue layer 240 can be made of a second material. Preferably, the hardness of the first material is less than that of the second material. When the trainee is practicing injection, the trainee can judge whether the injection site is correct by tactile perception of the wrist model 200. Preferably, the muscle tissue layer 250 can be made of a third material. The hardness of the third material is greater than that of the first material. Since the skin layers of the wrist model 200 provided by the present invention have different materials and different degrees of softness and hardness, the trainee can perceive whether the needle insertion is accurate by tactile perception of the injection, which increases the trainee's clinical experience and improves the efficiency and effect of practice. For example, during the process of intradermal injection practice, if the trainee perceives an increase in the hardness of the injection site, it can be determined that the puncture needle has penetrated the epidermis 210 and dermis 220 and entered the subcutaneous tissue layer 240.

[0055] Because the existing injection model lacks an automatic drainage function, during actual operation, the injected medication will form a wheal between the epidermis and dermis. The medication inside the wheal cannot be drained normally, so the medication inside the wheal needs to be manually aspirated after the injection model is used.

[0056] The intradermal injection training system configured as described above has the following advantages: During intradermal injection, if the trainee inserts the needle correctly and the fluid is successfully injected between the epidermal layer 210 and the dermal layer 220, the epidermal layer 210 will present a realistic wheal with normal size, shape, and color. The fluid in the wheal does not need to be manually drained; the dermal layer 220 will slowly absorb the fluid and drain it into the water reservoir 230, causing the wheal to gradually disappear. This invention utilizes the water reservoir 230 to absorb the medication within the dermal layer 220, eliminating the need for drainage of the model during repeated training, significantly improving training efficiency and effectiveness.

[0057] Because rubber itself has good resilience, the injection site will gradually close, allowing for repeated use and extending the model's lifespan. In this invention, after the injection of medication, a wheal forms between the dermis 220 and the epidermis 210 of the wrist model 200, which serves as the injection site. By observing the size of the wheal, the dosage of the injected medication can be roughly determined. Furthermore, the medication within the wheal is absorbed by the water reservoir 230 in a manner that simulates the absorption process of medication by human tissue, fully demonstrating the intradermal injection process to the trainee.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0060] Existing models cannot accurately observe the injection angle and depth inside the model. During injection, practitioners can only judge whether the injection angle and depth are standard by their own senses, or by the color of the injected medication after injection to determine if the injection depth is excessive. Therefore, even if the injection is not standard, the practitioner cannot accurately judge the problem during the injection process. Especially for beginners, if non-standard injection methods are not corrected in time, incorrect injection habits can easily be formed, which is not conducive to improving injection skills and also brings difficulties to clinical practice. Moreover, the prevalence of various infectious diseases has led to higher precision requirements for intradermal injections by medical personnel in existing medical institutions. Medical personnel lacking practical experience find it difficult to control the insertion angle and depth of the puncture needle. Even medical personnel with extensive experience in intradermal injections will lose their feel when the practice frequency decreases. How to conduct intradermal injection practice with higher precision is a problem that current technology urgently needs to solve.

[0061] To address this, this invention establishes a three-dimensional coordinate system for the trainee's puncture needle, using intuitive image observation to correct incorrect puncture methods. Furthermore, it incorporates a scoring system to assess the trainee's performance, enabling accurate intradermal injection training. Trainees can gain a better training experience by improving their scores, gradually mastering the intradermal injection technique and improving training efficiency and effectiveness.

[0062] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, a ring light emitting unit 410 capable of emitting ring light 411 along a first direction is provided on the end face of the hand model 100 near the wrist model 200. Preferably, the ring light emitting unit 410 is arranged in a ring structure on the end face of the hand model 100. The ring light 411 can pass through the epidermis 210, dermis 220 and subcutaneous tissue layer 240 of the wrist model 200 along the first direction and reach the end face of the arm model 300 near the wrist model 200. A ring light receiving unit 420 matching the ring light emitting unit 410 is provided on the end face of the arm model 300. When the puncture needle enters the dermis 220 and / or subcutaneous tissue layer 240, the puncture needle forms a first projection 421 on the ring light receiving unit 420 under the illumination of the ring light 411.

[0063] Preferably, the first projection 421 is distributed along the second direction on the annular light receiving unit 420. The first projection 421 refers to the projection of the puncture needle onto the cross-section of the wrist model 200 after the needle has penetrated it. This first projection 421 accurately reflects the injection depth and injection angle of the puncture needle on the first plane. Preferably, the first plane used to support the first projection 421 is a plane parallel to the end face of the wrist model 200. The annular light receiving unit 420 acquires the annular light 411 emitted by the annular light emitting unit 410 by being positioned on at least one end face of the wrist model 200.

[0064] The accurate injection angle and depth of the puncture needle cannot be obtained solely through the first projection. Even with different injection angles and depths, the same first projection may appear on the first plane, leading to errors in the data obtained by the processing module. To address this, the present invention uses a second projection on a second plane to obtain the injection angle and depth of the puncture needle from another angle. By verifying this with the first projection, the three-dimensional coordinates of the puncture needle are calculated, thereby constructing an accurate three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0065] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, an ultrasonic unit 430 is disposed between the connecting shaft and the muscle tissue layer 250. Preferably, the ultrasonic unit 430 is distributed circumferentially along the connecting shaft. Preferably, the ultrasonic unit 430 is capable of emitting ultrasonic waves 431 in a second direction. Preferably, the ultrasonic waves 431 are capable of sequentially passing through the muscle tissue layer 250, the subcutaneous tissue layer 240, the dermis layer 220, and reaching the inner surface of the epidermis layer 210 in the second direction. The ultrasonic waves 431 are partially reflected to form echoes when passing through the muscle tissue layer 250, the subcutaneous tissue layer 240, the dermis layer 220, or the epidermis layer 210, and are received by the ultrasonic unit 430.

[0066] When the puncture needle enters the dermis 220 and / or subcutaneous tissue layer 240, the puncture needle reflects ultrasound waves 431 to form an echo, thereby forming a second projection 441 on the ultrasound unit 430. Preferably, the second projection 441 is distributed along a first direction on the ultrasound unit 430. The second projection 441 refers to the projection of the puncture needle onto the cross-section of the wrist model 200 after it has penetrated the wrist model 200. This second projection 441 can accurately reflect the injection depth and injection angle of the puncture needle on a second plane. Preferably, the second plane for bearing the second projection 441 is a plane parallel to and tangent to the axis of the wrist model 200. The ultrasound unit 430 acquires the echo formed by the ultrasound waves 431 reflected by the puncture needle in an annular circumferential manner arranged on the wrist model 200. The ultrasound unit 430 can be an ultrasound sensor and its receiving component. A plurality of ultrasound units 430 as described above are spaced apart within the filling layer 260. When the puncture needle enters the dermis 220 and / or subcutaneous tissue layer 240, the puncture needle generates a second projection 441 through the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic unit 430. The puncture needle may block or change the intensity and propagation time of the ultrasonic waves, thereby obtaining the second projection 441. The processing module calculates the relevant data of the second projection 441 by observing the changes in the ultrasonic signal obtained by the ultrasonic unit 430. The above scheme can simply, intuitively, without radiation, and at low cost complete the detection of the puncture needle within the injection wrist model 200, thereby providing an intuitive demonstration of the practitioner's operation method and improving practice efficiency and effectiveness.

[0067] Traditional ultrasonic sensors can only determine the position and orientation of the puncture needle, but cannot accurately obtain its outline. Furthermore, the first projection suffers from errors in acquiring the three-dimensional coordinates of the puncture needle. To address this, this invention uses an ultrasonic unit 430 to acquire the second projection of the puncture needle, and verifies it against the first projection to improve the accuracy of the three-dimensional coordinate acquisition. It should be noted that while the ultrasonic unit 430 has been described in this invention, it does not mean that other methods cannot be used to acquire the second projection data. For example, the system can also acquire the second projection data of the puncture needle by using an electromagnetic locator.

[0068] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module is communicatively connected to the ring light receiving unit 420 and the ultrasonic unit 430 in a manner capable of acquiring data from the first projection 421 and the second projection 441. Figure 5As shown, preferably, the processing module communicates with the display module in a manner that enables the simulation of the position and angle of the puncture needle based on the first projection 421 and the second projection 441. Preferably, the processing module communicates with the display module in a manner that enables the display of auxiliary guiding markers or simulated graphics on the display module. Preferably, the processing module establishes a three-dimensional coordinate system based on the acquired data of the first projection 421 and the second projection 441, and simulates the puncture needle in the three-dimensional coordinate system composed of the first plane and the second plane. Preferably, the processing module establishes three-dimensional data of the puncture needle based on the acquired projection points of the puncture needle. The aforementioned projection points can be derived from the first projection 421 and the second projection 441 acquired by the ring light receiving unit 420 and the ultrasonic unit 430. Preferably, the ring light receiving unit 420 and the ultrasonic unit 430 can transmit the length and position of the received projections to the processing module. The processing module can simulate the injection site and angle of the puncture needle in the dermis 220 and / or epidermis 210 based on the length and position of the projection, thereby showing the trainee the errors in their intradermal injection technique, so that targeted adjustments can be made quickly after completing an intradermal injection practice.

[0069] Specifically, the steps by which the processing module constructs a three-dimensional model of the puncture needle based on the first projection 421 and the second projection 441 include:

[0070] A1: Data Collection

[0071] The processing module acquires the first projection 421 and the second projection 441, wherein the first projection 421 and the second projection 441 include the shape and structure data of the puncture needle.

[0072] A2: Data Processing

[0073] The processing module processes the first projection 421 and the second projection 441 into three-dimensional data. The processing module determines that the acquired three-dimensional data is accurate and suitable for modeling through noise reduction and image segmentation. The algorithms used for processing the three-dimensional data can also include filtering, noise reduction, etc. The three-dimensional data refers to specified point elements and line elements.

[0074] Furthermore, step A2 specifically includes steps A201 to A202.

[0075] A201: The processing module acquires the fixed-point elements and line elements of the puncture needle based on the first projection 421 and the second projection 441. The processing module defines the shape and size of the puncture needle based on the fixed-point elements and line elements. The aforementioned fixed-point elements and line elements can be three-dimensional data representing the outline of the puncture needle as a series of points or line segments.

[0076] A202: The processing module denoises the acquired point and line elements. It removes noise and outliers from the point and line elements to ensure data accuracy and reliability. Data processing includes methods such as handling missing values, deleting duplicate values, and checking for outliers.

[0077] A3: Model Building

[0078] The processing module constructs a puncture needle model in a three-dimensional coordinate system based on the processed three-dimensional data.

[0079] Furthermore, step A3 specifically includes steps A301 to A303.

[0080] A301: The processing module establishes a three-dimensional coordinate system with the first direction as the X-axis, the vertical direction as the Y-axis, and the horizontal direction as the Z-axis.

[0081] A302: The processing module converts discrete data points in fixed-point elements into continuous surfaces based on surface reconstruction algorithms. These surface reconstruction algorithms include triangular mesh generation and voxelization. The processing module then uses 3D modeling software (such as Autodesk Maya, Blender, etc.) to create an accurate and smooth 3D model of the puncture needle.

[0082] A303: The processing module creates a three-dimensional model of the puncture needle based on triangulation and the processed fixed-point and line elements.

[0083] Specifically, the processing module calculates the intersection coordinates of the outline of the puncture needle in the three-dimensional coordinate system based on the intersection points of the fixed-point elements and line elements of the first projection 421 and the second projection 441 on the two projection planes, and constructs the three-dimensional curve or surface of the puncture needle based on the intersection coordinates. It should be noted that the coordinates of the above-mentioned intersection points are relatively determined according to the epidermal layer 210, dermal layer 220, water reservoir layer 230, subcutaneous tissue layer 240 and muscle tissue layer 250 in the wrist model 200, so that the established puncture needle model can realistically reflect the insertion state in the wrist model 200. Since the puncture needle in this invention is a slender needle-like object, its model can be represented by simple three-dimensional lines. That is, the insertion angle and insertion depth of the puncture needle can also be represented by lines without the need for actual modeling, thereby reducing the computational load of the processing module. Moreover, the actual insertion angle and insertion depth it shows are accurate, and the actual intradermal injection process of the trainee can be visualized.

[0084] Current technologies lack video or simulated review of the injection process after a trainee's injection. They primarily rely on identifying the injection site, depth, or angle to indirectly determine the correctness of the injection method. However, this method only judges the correctness of the injection technique, not its visual review, forcing trainees to rely solely on experience, intuition, or continuous practice to gradually correct their methods. For neonatal intradermal injection practice, this method is inefficient and easily leads to muscle memory of model injections rather than injections based on actual conditions. Current conventional injection practice methods are only suitable for adult injections. For neonatal intradermal injections, which require higher precision and are more costly to practice, traditional methods suffer from low efficiency and accuracy, making it difficult for trainees to distinguish between adult and neonatal intradermal injections. In practice, applying adult intradermal injection techniques to neonatal intradermal injections can lead to excessive needle depth, resulting in the misinterpretation of neonatal intradermal injections as subcutaneous injections. This invention replicates the injection method of trainees by modeling the puncture needle in the injection model. Trainees can intuitively observe the intradermal injection process of newborns, thereby discovering their own shortcomings and making effective targeted adjustments.

[0085] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module analyzes the puncture position and angle of the simulated puncture needle in a three-dimensional coordinate system to determine the degree of matching between the trainee and the standard procedure, thereby judging whether the trainee's puncture action meets the requirements. Preferably, the processing module establishes a scoring system to evaluate the trainee's puncture action. Preferably, the processing module acquires the three-dimensional data of the puncture needle in the three-dimensional coordinate system and compares it with the three-dimensional data of the standard procedure in real time to output the trainee's degree of matching. Specifically, the processing module acquires the projection points of the puncture needle through a first projection 421 and a second projection 441. The projection points include the projection length and projection position of the puncture needle. The processing module acquires the three-dimensional data of the puncture needle in the three-dimensional coordinate system through at least two projections, thereby simulating the puncture needle in the three-dimensional coordinate system. Preferably, the processing module acquires the puncture needle injection procedure and related three-dimensional data of the standard procedure from a medical database. The aforementioned standard procedure refers to a puncture needle injection procedure and drug injection procedure that perfectly meet the requirements of intradermal injection. Preferably, the processing module overlaps the injection point of the puncture needle in the standard procedure with the injection point of the simulated puncture needle in a three-dimensional coordinate system, thereby performing a real-time comparison between the two. Since there is inevitably an angle between the simulated puncture needle and the puncture needle in the standard procedure, the processing module calculates the degree of angle matching based on this angle. This degree of angle matching can be calculated using the cosine of the angle. The reason for using the angle to calculate the matching degree is that the angle better reflects changes in the posture of the puncture needle performed by the trainee, thus accurately measuring the trainee's operation. Specifically, the processing module's scoring system steps are as follows:

[0086] S1: Obtain the projection point of the puncture needle based on the first projection 421 and the second projection 441;

[0087] S2: Obtain the three-dimensional data of the puncture needle in the three-dimensional coordinate system based on the projection point, and simulate the puncture needle in the three-dimensional coordinate system;

[0088] S3: Obtain standard puncture needle injection procedures and related 3D data from medical databases;

[0089] S4: Align the injection point of the puncture needle in the standard procedure with the injection point of the simulated puncture needle in the three-dimensional coordinate system;

[0090] S5: Calculate the degree of angle matching based on the angle formed between the simulated puncture needle and the standard procedure puncture needle;

[0091] Specifically, the processing module calculates the vectors of the simulated puncture needle and the standard procedure puncture needle, and also calculates the dot product between the vectors of the simulated and standard procedure puncture needles. Based on the dot product and its modulus, the processing module calculates the cosine of the angle to represent the degree of angle matching.

[0092] S6: Calculate the degree of angle matching of the simulated puncture needle in each frame during the entire injection process, and obtain all data through weighted summation and mean averaging;

[0093] Specifically, the formula for step S6 above is as follows:

[0094]

[0095] Among them, w f Let N represent the weight in frame f, and let cosθ represent the number of frames. f This represents the degree of angle matching between the simulated puncture needle and the standard procedure puncture needle in frame f. The degree of angle matching between the simulated puncture needle and the standard procedure puncture needle is different in each frame. This invention multiplies the degree of angle matching in each frame by its corresponding weight, sums them up, and then divides by the total weight to obtain a weighted average of all data, thereby objectively evaluating the intradermal injection procedure of the trainee. The aforementioned weights can represent the difficulty of that intradermal injection.

[0096] S7: If all the data obtained is less than or equal to the matching threshold, then the puncture needle of the trainee is determined to match the standard procedure puncture needle; otherwise, they are not matched.

[0097] S8: Obtain the measure value of all data based on the linear normalization method to serve as the score.

[0098] Specifically, the processing module linearly maps the angle matching degree in each frame from the minimum to the maximum value; that is, it calculates a normalized score for the angle matching degree in each frame, with the following formula:

[0099]

[0100] Among them, score f Here, is the normalized score, max is the maximum value, and min is the minimum value. Therefore, this invention uses the normalized score as the final measure, and multiplies it by a constant to obtain the final score. For example, the normalized score multiplied by one hundred is used to obtain a percentage score.

[0101] Current technologies lack a scoring mechanism for trainees' injection methods, failing to accurately assess the gap between trainees and experienced physicians, thus limiting the teaching and development of injection techniques. In existing intradermal injection models, accurately determining the correlation between trainees' puncture methods and standard methods remains challenging, including factors such as puncture force, depth, and drug injection rate. The force must be precise—neither too weak to reach the correct site nor too strong to cause harm. The scoring system of this invention provides accurate scoring through the acquisition of the puncture needle projection, facilitating trainees' correction of their procedures. Furthermore, the established three-dimensional coordinate system can be displayed to trainees, improving training efficiency and effectiveness. Trainees can review and observe their own procedures through simulated punctures, enabling repeated practice and learning of standard procedures. The intradermal injection training system of this invention includes a processing module and a display module capable of simulating the actual angle and depth of the puncture needle. By acquiring the first projection 421 and the second projection 441 of the puncture needle in the first and second directions, and based on the position, angle, and length of the projection distribution, the system can construct the angle and depth of the puncture needle in three dimensions. This data is then displayed in real-time to trainees and / or instructors in the form of video images or pictures, allowing them to correct improper injection techniques promptly, develop good injection habits, and improve training efficiency and practice effectiveness. Especially for neonatal intradermal injections, which have higher training requirements and difficulty, the scoring mechanism employed in this invention can more effectively help trainees correct their operating techniques, improve injection accuracy, and avoid subcutaneous injection of intradermal vaccines into newborns.

[0102] According to a preferred embodiment, the evaluation of the practitioner's puncture action by the processing module also includes the evaluation of the drug injection rate and dosage. During injection, the drug solution enters between the epidermal layer 210 and the dermal layer 220, forming a wheal. Because the drug solution within the wheal alters the light transmittance within the dermal layer 220, the wheal portion also projects light spots or special echoes onto the annular light receiving unit 420 and the ultrasonic wave unit 430 respectively under the action of the annular light 411 and the ultrasonic wave 431.

[0103] For example, the system may also include a highly sensitive photoelectric sensor or image acquisition module located externally. The photoelectric sensor, image acquisition module, or ultrasonic unit 430 obtains the diffusion rate and size of the wheals by detecting them on the wrist model 200. Preferably, the diffusion rate of the wheals reflects the injection rate during injection, and the size of the wheals reflects the injected drug dosage. Preferably, the processing module calculates the injection rate of the drug solution in the puncture needle based on the diffusion rate of the wheals in the three-dimensional data. Preferably, the processing module compares the injection rate of the simulated puncture needle with the injection rate of the puncture needle in the standard procedure to obtain the degree of injection matching. Preferably, the processing module calculates the injection dosage of the drug solution in the puncture needle based on the size of the wheals in the three-dimensional data. The processing module constructs the wheals based on the three-dimensional model construction method described above, thereby obtaining the diffusion rate and size of the wheals. Preferably, the processing module compares the injection dosage of the simulated puncture needle with the injection dosage of the puncture needle in the standard procedure to obtain the degree of dosage matching. Preferably, the processing module also corrects the score based on the degree of injection matching and the degree of dosage matching. Preferably, the processing module transmits the simulated position and angle of the puncture needle and the shape of the wheal to the display module for display.

[0104] Since the injection rate and dosage of the drug solution are also important aspects of intradermal injection teaching, this invention indirectly obtains the injection rate and dosage of the drug solution through the detection of the changes and size of the wheals in the projection. This information is also used to correct the trainee's final score. The intradermal injection training system of this invention observes the injection rate and dosage of the trainee in real time based on the displayed wheals that represent the injection rate and dosage. The injection rate is closely related to the patient's pain perception; injecting too quickly can easily lead to a significant increase in swelling and may cause a stress response, while injecting too slowly affects medical efficiency. Therefore, training in injection rate is also essential. Generally, trainees do not need to train on injection dosage, but the observation of the injection dosage can be compared with the size of the wheals presented on the epidermal layer 210. Through repeated training, the relationship between normal drug dosage and wheal size can be observed, thus accurately determining whether the size of the wheals presented after injection is normal in clinical practice.

[0105] Throughout the text, the features indicated by “preferred” are only optional and should not be construed as mandatory. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the relevant preferred features at any time.

[0106] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; terms such as "preferredly," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept.

Claims

1. An intradermal injection training system, comprising a hand model (100), a wrist model (200), and an arm model (300), wherein the hand model (100), the wrist model (200), and the arm model (300) are sequentially connected in a manner simulating a human arm, characterized in that, It also includes a ring optical transceiver assembly, an ultrasonic unit (430), and a processing module, wherein, The ring light transceiver assembly includes a ring light emitting unit (410) disposed on the end face of the hand model (100) and capable of emitting ring light (411) in a first direction parallel to the axis of the wrist model (200), and a ring light receiving unit (420) disposed on the end face of the arm model (300) for receiving the ring light (411). When the puncture needle is inserted into the wrist model (200), the puncture needle forms a first projection (421) on the annular light transceiver under the illumination of the light from the annular light transceiver, and forms a second projection (441) under the ultrasonic monitoring of the ultrasonic unit (430) which is disposed in the wrist model (200) and emits ultrasonic waves (431) from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the wrist model (200). The processing module establishes a three-dimensional coordinate system based on the acquired data of the first projection (421) and the second projection (441) to present the puncture needle in three dimensions in virtual space.

2. The intradermal injection training system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ring light emitting unit (410) is arranged in a ring structure on the end face of the hand model (100). The ring light (411) can pass through the epidermis (210), dermis (220) and subcutaneous tissue layer (240) of the wrist model (200) along the first direction and reach the end face of the arm model (300) near the wrist model (200).

3. The intradermal injection training system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic unit (430) is used to emit ultrasonic waves (431) in a second direction and to receive the echo formed by the ultrasonic waves (431) reflected by the puncture needle.

4. The intradermal injection training system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ring light receiving unit (420) acquires the ring light (411) emitted by the ring light emitting unit (410) in such a way that it is disposed on at least one end face of the wrist model (200). The ultrasonic unit (430) acquires the ultrasonic waves (431) in a manner that the filling layer (260) disposed within the wrist model (200) is arranged on the annular circumferential surface.

5. The intradermal injection training system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The processing module acquires the three-dimensional data of the puncture needle based on the acquired data of the first projection (421) and the second projection (441), wherein, The processing module determines the fixed point element of the puncture needle in the three-dimensional coordinate system based on the three-dimensional data, thereby simulating the puncture needle piercing the wrist model (200) in the three-dimensional coordinate system.

6. The intradermal injection training system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The processing module retrieves three-dimensional data of the puncture needle for standard procedures from a medical database, wherein... The processing module overlaps the puncture needle in the standard procedure with the simulated puncture needle in a three-dimensional coordinate system to perform real-time comparison and output the trainee's matching degree.

7. The intradermal injection training system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When a papilla is formed between the epidermis (210) and the dermis (220), the ring light transceiver assembly acquires the light spot projected by the papilla onto the ring light receiving unit (420), and the ultrasonic unit (430) acquires the echo formed by the ultrasonic wave (431) reflected by the papilla.

8. The intradermal injection training system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The processing module calculates the injection rate of the fluid in the puncture needle based on the diffusion rate of the wheal in the three-dimensional data, and the processing module calculates the injection dose of the fluid in the puncture needle based on the size of the wheal in the three-dimensional data, wherein... The processing module adjusts the trainee's matching degree based on the injection rate and the injection dose.

9. The intradermal injection training system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It also includes a display module, and the processing module is communicatively connected to the display module in such a way that it can display the auxiliary guidance markers or a simulated model of the puncture needle on the display module.

10. The intradermal injection training system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wrist model (200) serves as the intradermal injection site, wherein, A water reservoir (230) is provided between the dermis (220) and the subcutaneous tissue layer (240) of the wrist model (200). When fluid is injected between the epidermis (210) and the dermis (220) of the wrist model (200), the dermis (220) discharges the fluid in a manner that draws the fluid to the water reservoir (230).

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