A compound acaricidal smoke agent for cultivating auricularia and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of for cultivating auricularia polymeric mite smoke agent, including the following weight parts of substance: lufenuron 1~3 parts, spirodiclofen 2~6 parts, Sophora flavescens 10~15 parts, combustion improver 25~30 parts, smoke agent 5~10 parts, flame retardant 4~8 parts, adhesive 3~7 parts, moisture-proof agent 3~5 parts, fuel 15~20 parts, stabilizer 3~5 parts.The application discloses the application of the polymeric mite smoke agent in the application of auricularia cultivation in preventing and treating saprophytic mite harm.The application selects spirodiclofen for preventing and treating mite harm in the process of auricularia cultivation by pesticide formula screening, and spirodiclofen has the effects of preventing and treating each life stage of mite, long persistence period, wide mite spectrum and safety to auricularia;Sophora flavescens is used in fuel, and has the effects of killing insects and mites;by using smoke agent dosage form, effective component forms highly dispersed system, and pesticide can be uniformly distributed to ground, wall, top and around bag, and small particles can pass through sponge, cotton aperture and enter inside bag, and disappear fast, with low residual amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of insecticides, specifically to a compound acaricide fumigant for cultivating wood ear fungus and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Auricularia auricula-judae belongs to the kingdom Fungi, phylum Agaricomycetes, class Agaricomycetes, order Auriculariales, family Auriculariaceae, and genus Auricularia. It is an important economic fungus and one of the oldest edible fungi used and cultivated by humans. Its classification and cultivation differ significantly from plants. Black fungus, hairy fungus, and jade fungus are currently the three most widely cultivated types. Auricularia auricula-judae is characterized by its rich nutrition, high consumer acceptance, and primary sales being dried, resulting in high economic benefits and relatively stable market prices, making it one of the most widely cultivated edible fungi varieties. However, during the mycelial and fruiting body growth process, Auricularia auricula-judae is susceptible to damage from various mites, including Typhae rotundifolia, styrax mites, and tuyeres. These mites differ from plant-damaging mites in classification and resistance to pesticides. Furthermore, the smaller mites can be spread within the cultivation environment by insect vectors such as mushroom flies and gnats, causing symptoms such as mycelial loss and fruiting body effusion, significantly impacting yield and quality.

[0003] In mite control, the use of chemical agents is an important part of integrated pest management. However, wood ear mushrooms are highly sensitive to pesticides, and misuse or overuse can easily lead to phytotoxicity and residues. Currently, there are no acaricides registered for wood ear mushrooms. The acaricides used in cultivation are mainly emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, and suspensions diluted with water before spraying. However, the tiered cultivation method used for wood ear mushrooms can easily block the spray solution, resulting in uneven application or inability to apply the pesticide in hidden areas. At the same time, during the mycelium growth period, the use of breathable materials such as sponges and cotton to seal the bag openings prevents the pesticide solution from entering the bag, ultimately leading to incomplete mite control. Repeated applications of pesticides fail to control the mite infestation, resulting in poor pesticide efficacy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a compound acaricide smoke agent for cultivating black fungus with a broad insecticidal spectrum, strong efficacy, and stable control effect on a variety of pests. Another purpose of this invention is to provide an application of the compound acaricide smoke agent for cultivating black fungus in the prevention and control of saprophytic mites in black fungus cultivation.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention provides a compound acaricide fumigant for cultivating wood ear fungus, comprising the following substances in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of lufenuron, 2-6 parts of spirodiclofen, 10-15 parts of sophora flavescens, 25-30 parts of combustion improver, 5-10 parts of smoke generator, 4-8 parts of flame retardant, 3-7 parts of adhesive, 3-5 parts of moisture-proofing agent, 15-20 parts of fuel, and 3-5 parts of stabilizer.

[0006] Furthermore, the weight ratio of lufenuron to spirodiclofen is 1:1 to 3, preferably 1:2.

[0007] Furthermore, the combustion improver is one or more of the following: potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, potassium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium permanganate, and peroxide.

[0008] Furthermore, the smoke-generating agent is one or more of ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, naphthalene, anthracene, and rosin.

[0009] Furthermore, the flame retardant is one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, bentonite, talc, or gypsum.

[0010] Furthermore, the adhesive is selected from one or more of starch, bentonite, phenolic resin, calcium resinate, shellac, paraffin, dextrin, and gypsum.

[0011] Furthermore, the desiccant is one or more of diesel oil, lubricating oil, spindle oil, and waxes.

[0012] Furthermore, the fuel is one or more of the following: plant straw powder, wood powder, charcoal, sawdust, peanut shells, coal powder, starch, cellulose, urea, sulfur, ammonium thiocyanate, vegetable oil extraction residue, waste paper, and nitrocellulose. The plant straw powder is rice straw powder, corn straw powder, wheat straw powder, or corn cob powder.

[0013] Furthermore, the stabilizer is one or more of ammonium chloride and kaolin.

[0014] Furthermore, the compound insecticidal smoke agent is a cylindrical, perforated smoke agent with a particle size of 5g / particle or 10g / particle.

[0015] Preferably, the mixture contains 3 parts lufenuron, 6 parts spirodiclofen, 15 parts sophora flavescens, 27 parts combustion improver, 10 parts smoke generator, 8 parts flame retardant, 7 parts adhesive, 4 parts moisture-proofing agent, 15 parts fuel, and 5 parts stabilizer.

[0016] The present invention relates to the application of a compound acaricide fumigant for the cultivation of black fungus in the prevention and control of saprophytic mites in black fungus cultivation.

[0017] Saprophytic mites are saprophytic mites belonging to the subclass Acari of the class Arachnida, such as Typhaeidae, Lucytidae, and Pyropoda. The facility-based cultivation environment for wood ear mushrooms, such as the mycelium incubation room and fruiting greenhouse, can be sealed during pesticide application to ensure that all pesticides fall into the cultivation environment.

[0018] Mechanism of action: Sophora flavescens powder, obtained by drying and pulverizing the plant, has both insecticidal and acaricidal effects and can be used as a smoke fuel. Lufenuron, an insect growth regulator that kills both wood ear mites and their vector insects by inhibiting the molting process, can simultaneously kill mites and block their transmission routes, thus enhancing the acaricidal effect. Furthermore, neither of the two active ingredients, lufenuron nor spirodiclofen, exhibits cross-resistance with commonly used insecticides and acaricides, which is beneficial for controlling mite resistance.

[0019] Instructions for use: After sealing all ventilation openings, doors, and windows, light the incense stick and insert it into the center hole of the smoke column. The normal ignition is indicated by the gradual appearance of thick smoke. All personnel should evacuate the treated area. After sealing for at least 3 hours, open all ventilation openings, doors, and windows for ventilation before personnel enter. The recommended concentration is 1 tablet (10g / tablet) per 160 cubic meters.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant features:

[0021] 1. Through pesticide formulation screening, select spirodiclofen, which is effective against all life stages of mites, has a long-lasting effect, a broad spectrum of acaricidal activity, and is safe for black fungus, to control mite pests during black fungus cultivation.

[0022] 2. The fuel contains Sophora flavescens powder, which has insecticidal and acaricidal effects;

[0023] 3. By using fumigant formulations, the active ingredients are formed into a highly dispersed system. The agent can be evenly distributed on the ground, walls, top, and around the mushroom bags. Even tiny particles can penetrate the pores of sponges and cotton to enter the inside of the mushroom bags. Moreover, it disappears quickly and leaves low residue. Using fumigants does not require water or special equipment, and the method is simple. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Example 1

[0025] The compound smoke agent formula is weighed according to the following parts by weight: 1 part of lufenuron, 2 parts of spirodiclofen, 10 parts of sophora flavescens, 30 parts of combustion aid (potassium chlorate), 10 parts of smoke generator (ammonium chloride), 8 parts of flame retardant (sodium carbonate), 3 parts of binder (starch), 5 parts of moisture-proof agent (diesel), 15 parts of fuel (wood powder), and 5 parts of stabilizer (ammonium chloride). After all raw materials are mixed and crushed, they are dried at about 60°C and packaged into smoke tubes of 5g / piece.

[0026] The combustion improver is one or more of the following: potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, potassium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium permanganate, and peroxide.

[0027] Furthermore, the smoke-generating agent is one or more of ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, naphthalene, anthracene, and rosin.

[0028] Furthermore, the flame retardant is one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, bentonite, talc, or gypsum.

[0029] Furthermore, the adhesive is selected from one or more of starch, bentonite, phenolic resin, calcium resinate, shellac, paraffin, dextrin, and gypsum.

[0030] Furthermore, the desiccant is one or more of diesel oil, lubricating oil, spindle oil, high-boiling-point aromatic hydrocarbons, and waxes.

[0031] Furthermore, the fuel is one or more of the following: plant straw powder, wood powder, charcoal, sawdust, peanut shells, coal powder, starch, cellulose, urea, sulfur, ammonium thiocyanate, vegetable oil extraction residue, waste paper, and nitrocellulose. The plant straw powder is rice straw powder, corn straw powder, wheat straw powder, or corn cob powder.

[0032] Furthermore, the stabilizer is one or more of ammonium chloride, kaolin, and inert inorganic substances.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] The compound smoke agent formula is weighed according to the following parts by weight: 3 parts of lufenuron, 6 parts of spirodiclofen, 15 parts of sophora flavescens, 25 parts of combustion aid (potassium hypochlorite), 5 parts of smoke generator (ammonium bicarbonate), 4 parts of flame retardant (sodium bicarbonate), 7 parts of binder (bentonite), 3 parts of moisture-proof agent (lubricating oil), 20 parts of fuel (cellulose), and 3 parts of stabilizer (kaolin). After all raw materials are mixed and pulverized, they are dried at about 60°C and packaged into smoke tubes of 10g / piece.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] The compound smoke agent formula is weighed according to the following parts by weight: 2 parts of lufenuron, 4 parts of spirodiclofen, 12 parts of sophora flavescens, 27 parts of combustion aid (sodium chlorate), 9 parts of smoke generator (naphthalene), 7 parts of flame retardant (bentonite), 5 parts of binder (phenolic resin), 4 parts of moisture-proof agent (spindle oil), 17 parts of fuel (ammonium thiocyanate), 2 parts of ammonium chloride, and 2 parts of kaolin. After all raw materials are mixed and crushed, they are dried at about 60°C and packaged into smoke tubes of 5g / piece.

[0037] Example 4

[0038] The compound smoke agent formula is weighed according to the following parts by weight: 1 part of lufenuron, 2 parts of spirodiclofen, 13 parts of sophora flavescens, 29 parts of combustion aid (potassium permanganate), 7 parts of smoke generator (anthracene), 5 parts of flame retardant (talc), 6 parts of binder (calcium resinate), 3 parts of moisture-proof agent (spindle oil), 18 parts of fuel (waste paper cloth), and 3 parts of stabilizer (ammonium chloride). After all raw materials are mixed and crushed, they are dried at about 60°C and packaged into smoke tubes of 10g / piece.

[0039] Example 5

[0040] The compound smoke agent formula is weighed according to the following parts by weight: 3 parts of lufenuron, 6 parts of spirodiclofen, 14 parts of sophora flavescens, 28 parts of combustion aid (sodium nitrite), 8 parts of smoke generator (rosin), 6 parts of flame retardant (gypsum), 4 parts of binder (paraffin wax), 5 parts of moisture-proof agent (microcrystalline wax), 16 parts of fuel (nitrocellulose), and 5 parts of stabilizer (kaolin). All raw materials are mixed, pulverized, dried at about 60°C, and packaged into smoke tubes of 10g / piece.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] This comparative study primarily tested the indoor toxicity of different acaricides against Tyromitra saprophytica.

[0043] Bifenazate, tetradifon, pyridaben, lufenuron, and spirodiclofen were prepared into different concentrations of technical grade fungi. Fresh Auricularia auricula-judae fruiting bodies were immersed in the dilutions for 1 minute each. After blotting off excess bacterial solution with filter paper, the fruiting bodies were placed in petri dishes containing filter paper moistened with the same dilution. Thirty adult Tyrofoetida mites were selected from each dish. Fruiting bodies treated with water served as blank controls. Each treatment was repeated four times. After 24 hours of incubation, mortality rates were observed and recorded, and the virulence regression equation and LC-1 were calculated. 50 .

[0044] The test results are shown in Table 1. The five acaricides exhibited varying acaricidal activities against Tyromitra saprophytica, a major mite pest of edible fungi. Spirodiclofen showed the highest acaricidal activity, with an LC50 value of [missing information]. 50 The concentration was 3.922 mg / L, followed by lufenuron, LC50. 50 The concentration was 32.529 mg / L. The acaricide activity of the other three acaricides against Tyromitra saprophyticus was lower than that of lufenuron and spirodiclofen.

[0045] Table 1. Results of indoor toxicity tests of different acaricides against Tyromitra saprophytica.

[0046] medicine Regression equation <![CDATA[LC 50 (mg / L)]]> 95% confidence limit biphenylhydrazine y = -3.120 + 1.847x 48.891 40.994～56.902 Tetramethrin y = -2.555 + 1.502x 50.200 42.407～59.602 Pyridaben y = -3.004 + 1.636x 68.564 56.789～80.716 Lufenuron y = -1.933 + 1.278x 32.529 26.299～39.486 Spirodiclofen y = -0.816 + 1.374x 3.922 3.248～4.701

[0047] Test 1

[0048] Indoor toxicity test of compound acaricides against Tyromitra saprophytica:

[0049] Different concentrations of lufenuron and spirodiclofen were prepared by mixing single agents and different proportions. Fresh Auricularia auricula-judae fruiting bodies were immersed in the diluted solutions for 1 minute. After blotting off excess bacterial solution with filter paper, the fruiting bodies were placed in petri dishes containing filter paper moistened with the same diluted solution. Thirty adult Tyrofoetida mites were selected from each dish. Fruiting bodies treated with water served as blank controls. Each treatment was repeated four times. After 24 hours of incubation, the mortality rate was observed and recorded, and the virulence regression equation and LC-1 were calculated. 50Synergistic effect coefficient (SR) is calculated according to the Wadley method. SR ≥ 1.5 indicates synergistic effect, 0.5 < SR < 1.5 indicates additive effect, and SR ≤ 0.5 indicates antagonistic effect. The efficacy of the drug is evaluated based on these criteria.

[0050] The test results are shown in Table 2. When the ratio of lufenuron to spirodiclofen is 1:1 and 1:2, the compound acaricide has a synergistic effect on the indoor toxicity of Tyromitra saprophytica, with the synergistic effect being the greatest at the ratio of 1:2.

[0051] Table 2. Results of indoor toxicity tests of different ratios of lufenuron-spirodiclofen against Tyrofomate.

[0052]

[0053] Example 6

[0054] The compound smoke agent formula is weighed according to the following parts by weight: 3 parts of lufenuron, 6 parts of spirodiclofen, 15 parts of sophora flavescens, 10 parts of sodium nitrate, 16 parts of potassium permanganate, 10 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of gypsum, 5 parts of paraffin wax, 5 parts of corn cob powder, 10 parts of sawdust, and 5 parts of kaolin. After all raw materials are mixed and pulverized, they are dried at about 60°C and packaged into smoke tubes of 10g / piece.

[0055] Test 2

[0056] The 9wt% lufenuron and spirodiclofen compound fumigant obtained in Example 6 was used to test the mite control effect during the mycelial growth period of black fungus.

[0057] The usage method is to estimate the dosage based on the volume of the incubation room, using 1 capsule per 160 cubic meters. Use it during the incubation period of black fungus bags, close the ventilation openings, place the fumigant on the ground in different locations at 8 pm, ignite it, and close the door. Open the ventilation facilities and the door at 8 am the next day and carry out normal incubation management. Use an incubation room that did not use the fumigant as a control. Observe the number of mites in the bags after 5-7 days.

[0058] Five days later, 30 mushroom bags were randomly selected, and the number of mites inside the bags was recorded. In the mushroom cultivation room where the pesticide was applied, 7 out of 30 bags showed mite activity, with an average of 34 mites. In the untreated mushroom cultivation room, 24 out of 30 bags showed mite activity, with an average of 76 mites. The control effect was significant, and the mite infestation in the mushroom cultivation room was identified as the carrion mite.

[0059] Example 7

[0060] The compound smoke agent formula is weighed according to the following parts by weight: 3 parts of lufenuron, 6 parts of spirodiclofen, 15 parts of sophora flavescens, 13 parts of potassium nitrate, 13 parts of potassium chlorate, 10 parts of ammonium chloride, 12 parts of gypsum, 3 parts of calcium resinate, 10 parts of rice straw powder, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of kaolin. After all raw materials are mixed and pulverized, they are dried at about 60°C and packaged into smoke tubes of 5g / capsule.

[0061] Test 3

[0062] The 9wt% compound fumigant of lufenuron and spirodiclofen obtained in Example 7 was tested for mite control during the fruiting stage of Auricularia auricula-judae.

[0063] The usage method is to estimate the dosage based on the greenhouse volume, using 1 capsule for every 80 cubic meters. After opening the mushroom bags, use the capsules and lower the ventilation curtains on both sides to seal the greenhouse. At 3 PM, place the fumigant on the ground in different locations, ignite it, and then close the greenhouse entrances and exits. At 8 PM, open the ventilation openings and entrances and exits to carry out normal mushroom growth management. Use greenhouses that did not use the fumigant as a control. After 5-7 days, observe the changes in the blistering of Luxi mites and record the mite mortality rate.

[0064] Seven days later, 30 mushroom bags were randomly selected to observe the changes in mite blister packs inside. Of the 30 bags treated with the pesticide, 20 bags had mite blister packs on their surface, all showing varying degrees of shriveling. On average, over 80% of the blister packs were shriveled, indicating that over 80% of the Luxi mites had died. Of the 30 bags not treated, 25 bags had mite blister packs on their surface; the surface of the packs was smooth, and the mites were alive and well. The control effect was significant, and the mite infestation in the greenhouse was identified as the Auricularia auricula-judae mite.

[0065] Example 8

[0066] The compound smoke agent formula is prepared according to the following parts by weight: 3 parts lufenuron, 6 parts spirodiclofen, 15 parts sophora flavescens, 27 parts combustion improver (sodium nitrite), 10 parts smoke generator (rosin), 8 parts flame retardant (talc), 7 parts binder (dextrin), 4 parts moisture retardant (diesel), 15 parts fuel (wood chips), and 5 parts stabilizer (kaolin). All raw materials are mixed, pulverized, dried at approximately 60℃, and packaged into 10g / piece smoke cartridges.

[0067] Test 4

[0068] The 9wt% lufenuron and spirodiclofen compound fumigant obtained in Example 8 was tested for its control effect on Tyromitra saprophyticus during the mycelial growth and fruiting stages of Auricularia auricula-judae.

[0069] The usage method during the mycelium growth period is to estimate the dosage based on the volume of the mycelium growth chamber. The dosage is 1 capsule per 160 cubic meters. Use it during the mycelium growth period of the Auricularia auricula-judae bags. Close the ventilation openings. At 8 pm, place the smoke agent on the ground in different locations, ignite it, and close the door. At 8 am the next day, open the ventilation facilities and the door to carry out normal mycelium growth management. Use a mycelium growth chamber that has not used the smoke agent as a control. Observe the number of saprophytic mites in the bags after 5-7 days.

[0070] Five days later, 30 mushroom bags were randomly selected, and the number of mites inside the bags was recorded. In the mushroom cultivation room where the pesticide was applied, 4 out of 30 bags showed mite activity, with an average number of 28 mites. In the mushroom cultivation room where the pesticide was not applied, 26 out of 30 bags showed mite activity, with an average number of 87 mites. The control effect was significant.

[0071] The method of use during the fruiting period is to estimate the dosage based on the volume of the greenhouse, using 1 capsule per 160 cubic meters. After opening the mushroom bags, lower the ventilation curtains on both sides to seal the greenhouse. At 5 pm, place the smoke agent on the ground in different locations, ignite it, and then close the greenhouse entrance and exit. At 10 pm, open the ventilation openings and entrances and exits to carry out normal fruiting management. Use greenhouses that did not use the smoke agent as a control. After 5-7 days, observe the number of carrion mites on the surface of the mushroom bags and at the base of the fruiting bodies and record the mite mortality rate.

[0072] Seven days later, 30 mushroom bags were randomly selected to observe the changes in mites inside. Of the 30 bags treated with the pesticide, 25 bags had mites on their surface, but only 3 bags showed a small number of slowly moving mites; the other bags showed no signs of activity, indicating that over 90% of the mites had died. Of the 30 bags not treated, 26 bags had surviving putrefactive mites on their surface. The control effect was significant.

[0073] Based on the combined mite-killing effects during the two different growth stages of fungal incubation and ear emergence, and by comparing them with the control effects of Test 2 and Test 3, Example 8 is the best example.

Claims

1. The application of a compound acaricide fumigant for the cultivation of black fungus in the control of saprophytic mites in black fungus cultivation, characterized in that: The compound acaricide fumigant is composed of the following substances in parts by weight: 3 parts lufenuron, 6 parts spirodiclofen, 15 parts sophora flavescens, 27 parts sodium nitrite, 10 parts rosin, 8 parts talc, 7 parts dextrin, 4 parts diesel oil, 15 parts sawdust, and 5 parts kaolin; the weight ratio of lufenuron to spirodiclofen is 1:

2. The compound acaricide smoke agent is a 10 g / capsule smoke cartridge; The saprophytic mite pest is the saprophytic cheese mite; The method of using the compound acaricide fumigant is as follows: based on the volume of the incubation room, the dosage is 1 capsule per 160 cubic meters. It is used during the incubation period of the Auricularia auricula-judae mushroom bags. The ventilation openings are closed. At 8 pm, the fumigant is placed on the ground in different locations, lit, and the room door is closed. The ventilation facilities and room openings are opened at 8 am the next day for normal incubation management.

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