Synergistic pesticidal composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to a synergistic pesticidal composition for controlling pest infection in plants, more particularly to a synergistic composition comprising at least three active ingredients selected from (I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected from Tolfenpyrad; (II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat; and (III)nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is selected as Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate. The invention further relates to a process of preparing said composition along with one or more inactive excipient and formulation thereof. The composition overcomes the pest infestations much more efficiently and provides the advantages of overcoming the resistance of the pest to the use of the individual components of the pesticide composition, improved shelf life, increased spectrum of activity, better crop quality, enhanced efficacy, and economic and ecological advantages i.e. more yield, less expensive and environmentally safe composition.

Description

[0001] Title: SYNERGISTIC PESTICIDAL COMPOSITION

[0002] FIELD OF INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to a synergistic pesticidal composition for controlling pest infection in plants, more particularly to a synergistic composition comprising at least three active ingredients.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In agricultural and horticultural crops, the control of undesired pest is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Pest control at minimum dose of pesticide is preferred for ecological considerations, exposure effects of workers, and meeting cost reduction. This can be achieved effectively by application of pesticide mixture products.

[0006] Use of pesticidal mixtures is common to save time, labour and energy. Such mixing saves expenditure provided there are no adverse effects on the desired plants and non-target organisms.

[0007] Moreover, it is widely known to combine two or more pesticides having different mechanism of action and / or a different biological target, in order to broaden the action range of the mixtures with respect to the product used individually and to prevent or delay the occurrence of resistance from the undesired pests.

[0008] Sucking insect pests such as whiteflies, jassids, aphids, thrips, and mites pose serious threats to several economically important crops including cotton, vegetables, pulses, and fruit crops. These insects cause direct damage by feeding on plant sap and indirect losses by transmitting viral diseases. Conventional control practices primarily rely on repetitive use of single or two- way insecticidal combinations, often belonging to similar chemical classes such as neonicotinoids, organophosphates, or carbamates. Continuous exposure to such limited-mode- of-action products has led to the rapid development of resistance among pest populations, reducing the effectiveness of existing commercial formulations and increasing both economic and environmental burdens. Pyrazole-derived pesticides acting as a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, are effective through contact and stomach action. They are known for their high efficacy against a wide range of insects and mites but have limited systemic movement within plants. Examples of such pesticides include Tolfenpyrad.

[0009] Ketoenol class of pesticides act as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors and disrupt lipid biosynthesis. They possess both upward and downward systemic translocation, which allows control of hidden and immature pest stages. Examples of such pesticides include Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat.

[0010] Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is used to control both sucking and chewing pests e.g. spider mites, caterpillars, thrips, plant hoppers, whiteflies, woolly aphids etc. on a variety of crops e.g. oilseed rape, ornamentals including roses, onions, apples, rice, tea, cotton, potato, soybean, peanuts, wheat, maize and pears. Its mode of action is selective, stomach acting with some contact action. Examples of such pesticides include thiocyclam, and thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate.

[0011] However, formulating stable, compatible mixtures of these three actives presents significant challenges due to differences in solubility, polarity, and formulation behavior. Moreover, the biological efficacy of multi-component mixtures cannot be predicted merely by combining known actives; genuine synergy must be established experimentally, where the combined effect exceeds the additive action of individual components. The inventors of the present application have surprisingly found that a specific combination of the aforesaid class of compounds exhibits unexpected synergistic activity against sucking insect pests complex, even in resistant pest populations, while maintaining formulation stability and plant safety.

[0012] The synergistic composition of the present invention provides multiple advantages over existing commercial pesticides. It offers broader pest spectrum, enhanced residual activity, and reduced risk of resistance development due to the diverse and complementary mechanisms of action. The combination enables lower application rates and fewer spray intervals, resulting in economic benefits to farmers and reduced environmental impact. In addition, the formulation has been found to be physicochemically stable, non-phytotoxic, and compatible with conventional agricultural practices. Accordingly, there exists a need for a novel, synergistic, and stable three-way or ternary pesticidal composition comprising the aforesaid compounds, which overcomes the limitations of the prior art and provides superior and sustainable control of the sucking insect pest complex across a variety of crops.

[0013] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, comprising:

[0015] (I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected from Tolfenpyrad;

[0016] (II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat; and

[0017] (III) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is selected as Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, comprising:

[0019] (I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected as Tolfenpyrad;

[0020] (II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat,

[0021] (III) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is selected as Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate, and

[0022] (IV) Inactive excipients.

[0023] In any of the above embodiments, the ratio of (I):(II) ranges from 1 : 100 to 100: 1, the ratio of (II) : (III) ranges from 1 : 100 to 100: 1, and the ratio of (I) : (III) ranges from 1 : 100 to 100: 1.

[0024] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition comprising:

[0025] (I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected from Tolfenpyrad and Tebufenpyrad in a range from 0.5 to 60 % w / w (weight / weight);

[0026] (II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat in a range from 0.5 to 60 % w / w; and (III) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is selected as thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate in the range from 0.5 to 80 % w / w; and

[0027] (IV) Inactive excipients in the range from 10 to 90 % w / w.

[0028] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, which comprises:

[0029] (I) Tolfenpyrad;

[0030] (II) Spiromesifen; and

[0031] (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0032] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, which comprises:

[0033] (I) Tolfenpyrad;

[0034] (II) Spiromesifen; and

[0035] (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0036] (IV) Inactive excipients.

[0037] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing the synergistic pesticidal composition of a component (I) Tolfenpyrad; a component (II) selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat; and a component (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0038] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preparing the synergistic pesticidal composition comprising Tolfenpyrad, Spiromesifen and Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0039] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and / or plant organs that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or pest damage (including sucking pests complex) by applying to the plant propagation material a composition comprising a pesticidal composition defined in the first and further aspects.

[0040] In a yet another aspect, the said pesticidal composition is a formulation selected from Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable Slurry (FS), Flowable Suspension(FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo- emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP ), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG), Wettable powders (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

[0041] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0042] The present invention provides a synergistic composition for inhibiting or minimizing or controlling the undesired pest infestation that can damage the plant. Further, use of this synergistic composition reduces the number of applications of various individual pesticidal components thus providing a cost-effective solution.

[0043] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a synergistic pesticidal composition, which comprises a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor and at least one pesticide selected from nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers.

[0044] In this regard, the mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor is used to control aphids, leaf hoppers, scale, thrips, whitefly, potato psyllid, Colorado beetle and its mode of action is broad spectrum, contact activity exhibiting antifeedant activity especially against lepidoptera.

[0045] Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor is used to control a wide range of sucking insects e.g. scale insects, aphids, mealybugs, mites, whiteflies, psyllids, thrips, spider mites, leafhoppers etc. on crops such as fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. Its mode of action is broad spectrum, stomach acting and acts by disrupting fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid formation.

[0046] Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is used to control both sucking and chewing pests e.g. spider mites, caterpillars, thrips, plant hoppers, whiteflies, woolly aphids etc. on a variety of crops e.g. oilseed rape, ornamentals including roses, onions, apples, rice, tea, cotton, potato, soybean, peanuts, wheat, maize and pears. Its mode of action is selective, stomach acting with some contact action.

[0047] The Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor is tolfenpyrad.

[0048] Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor is selected from, but not limited to, spidoxamat, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion, and spirotetramat.

[0049] Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is selected as thiocyclam, and thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate.

[0050] The synergistic composition of the present invention has uses for controlling sucking pest complex such as white fly, thrips, aphids, jassids / hoppers, mites and various lepidopteran pests on multiple crops such as cotton, chilli, grapes, citrus, mango, apple, cumin, onion, soybean, rice (paddy) and vegetables (brinjal, tomato, okra, cole crops, cucurbits).

[0051] Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, comprising:

[0052] (I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected from Tolfenpyrad;

[0053] (II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat; and

[0054] (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0055] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, comprising:

[0056] (I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected from Tolfenpyrad;

[0057] (II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat,;

[0058] (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate

[0059] (IV) Inactive excipients.

[0060] In any of the above embodiments, the ratio of (I):(II) ranges from 1 : 100 to 100: 1, the ratio of (II) : (III) ranges from 1 : 100 to 100: 1, and the ratio of (I) : (III) ranges from 1 : 100 to 100: 1. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, wherein the pesticidal composition comprises any of the combinations, 1 to 5:

[0061] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition comprising:

[0062] (I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected from Tolfenpyrad and Tebufenpyrad in a range from 0.5 to 60 % w / w (weight / weight);

[0063] (II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat in a range from 0.5 to 60 % w / w; and

[0064] (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate in the range from 0.5 to 80 % w / w; and

[0065] (IV) Inactive excipients in the range from 10 to 90 % w / w.

[0066] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, which comprises:

[0067] (I) Tolfenpyrad;

[0068] (II) Spiromesifen; and

[0069] (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0070] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, which comprises:

[0071] (I) Tolfenpyrad;

[0072] (II) Spiromesifen; and

[0073] (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0074] (IV) Inactive excipients. In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition, which comprises:

[0075] (I) Tolfenpyrad;

[0076] (II) Spiromesifen; and

[0077] (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0078] (IV) Inactive excipients: a. a surfactant system in the range of 2 to 30 % (w / w); and b. other Inactive excipients in the range of 5 to 70 % (w / w); wherein the total of all the components (I), (II), (III) and (IV) of the composition is 100 % (w / w).

[0079] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing the synergistic pesticidal composition of a component (I) Tolfenpyrad; a component (II) selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat; and a component (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0080] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preparing the synergistic pesticidal composition comprising Tolfenpyrad, Spiromesifen and Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0081] An active ingredient as described above (I): (II), (II): (III) and (I) : (III) are preferably in a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1 : 100, especially from 50: 1 to 1 :50, more especially in a ratio of from 20: 1 to 1 :20, even more especially from 10: 1 to 1 : 10, very especially from 5: 1 to 1 :5, special preference being given to a ratio of from 2: 1 to 1 :2, and a ratio of from 4: 1 to 2: 1 being likewise preferred, above all in a ratio of 1 : 1, or 5: 1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or 4: 1, or 4:2, or 4:3, or 3: 1, or 3:2, or 2: 1, or 1 :5, or 2:5, or 3:5, or 4:5, or 1 :4, or 2:4, or 3:4, or 1 :3, or 2:3, or 1 :2, or 1 : 100, or 1 :75, or 2:75, or 3:75, or 4:75 or 1 :50, or 1 :35, or 2:35, or 4:35, or 1 : 15, or 2: 15, or 4: 15.

[0082] In preferred embodiments, the ratio of (I): (II): (III) ranges from (l-80):(l-80):(l-80) more preferably (l-45):(l-45):(l-45) even more preferably (1-15):(1-15):(1-15), most preferably (1- 5):(l-5):(l-10).

[0083] In most preferred embodiment the ratio of (I): (II): (III) ranges from 3 : 1 : 15 to 1 : 1 : 6 or 2.5 : 1 : 10 to 1.3 : 1 : 7, or 1.8 : 1 : 5 to 1.3 : 1 : 3.7, or 1.3 : 1 : 3.5 to 1.1 : 1 : 3.5. In accordance with the present disclosure, the synergistic composition may further comprise agrochemically acceptable excipients including, but not limited to, dispersing agents, wetting agents, binders, stabilizing agents, defoamers, rheology modifiers, preservatives, and fillers. The employment of excipients used in the composition will depend upon the type of formulation and / or the manner in which the formulation is to be applied by the end user. The excipients include but are not limited to customary formulation adjuvants or components, such as organic solvents, stabilizer, anti-foams, emulsifiers, antifreeze agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, dispersing agents, wetting agents, polymeric film forming agents, diluents and inert fillers.

[0084] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a synergistic pesticidal composition, which comprises a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor, at least one acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, at least one pesticide selected from nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0085] In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of preparing a stable, low toxic formulation of the present invention.

[0086] In accordance with the present disclosure, the synergistic composition may further comprise agrochemically acceptable excipients or inactive excipients including, but not limited to, dispersing agents, wetting agents, binders, stabilizing agents, defoamers, rheology modifiers, preservatives, and fillers. The employment of excipients used in the composition will depend upon the type of formulation and / or the manner in which the formulation is to be applied by the end user. The excipients include but are not limited to customary formulation adjuvants or components, such as organic solvents, stabilizer, anti-foams, emulsifiers, antifreeze agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, dispersing agents, wetting agents, polymeric film forming agents, diluents and inert fillers.

[0087] The term “excipients” as used herein refers to inert materials added to active ingredients, crop protection products or agrochemicals to enhance the efficacy of the active ingredients and improve the overall performance of the composition. In the above embodiments, the other excipients include one or more of an adjuvant, antifreezing agent, biocide, viscosity modifier, defoamer, colorant / pigment, tackifier or binder, and carrier; wherein the carrier is one or more solvents, water and oil.

[0088] The term adjuvant as used herein refers to additives that can be added to an active ingredient to make them more effective.

[0089] The term “carrier” as used herein refers to one or more solvents, water and oil.

[0090] According to any of the above embodiments, the surfactants includes one or more anionic, cationic, non-ionic, amphoteric and polymeric surfactants.

[0091] Wetting agents are an important part of insecticidal formulations, as they assure uniform dispersion and proper functioning of the active formulation ingredients. For example, plant surfaces are typically hydrophobic and resist wetting by aqueous sprays, thereby reducing the ability to deposit pesticides.

[0092] The term “wetting agent” as used herein refers to substances which improve the wetting of any surface on which the insects come in contact with. The wetting agent employed in the formulation composition is one or more non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and a mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactants and polymeric surfactants.

[0093] Useful nonionic surfactants that can be used as wetting agents in the present invention include all substances of this type which are typically usable in agrochemical compositions. Nonlimiting examples of nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention include polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, reaction products of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, ethoxylated siloxane based non-ionic surfactants, alkyl ethoxylates and alkylaryl ethoxylates, which optionally may be phosphated and optionally may be neutralized with bases, mention being made, by way of example, of sorbitol ethoxylates, and, as well, polyoxyalkylenamine derivatives or polysorbate derivatives.

[0094] Suitable anionic surfactants include all substances of this type that can typically be used in agrochemical compositions. Non-limiting examples of anionic surfactants useful in the present invention include the group comprising salts of polystyrenesulfonic acids, salts of polyvinylsulfonic acids, salts of naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products, salts of condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde, and salts of lignosulfonic acid and sodium salts of alkylated naphthalenesulfonates, for example ©Morwet EFW, alkoxylated alkyl aryl phosphate esters and their salts thereof, alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl aryl sulphonates, salts of ethoxylated fatty alcohol sulphates, salts of alkyl aryl sulphates, and the sodium salts of dioctylsulfosuccinic acid, for example ©Aerosol OTB, and block polymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide on ethylenediamine, for example ©Synperonic T 905.

[0095] Preferably, the wetting agents as used herein are selected from a blend of anionic and nonionic surfactants like: (Atlox™ 5406B), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer (Atlox™-4894), polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (ATLOX™- 4913), fatty alcohol ethoxylate (TERSPERSE™ 4894), di alkyl naphthalene sulphonate sodium salt (SUPRAGIL™ WP), ethoxylated TSP-phosphate ester (AGRILAN™ 1015), ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer (ATLAS™ G-5002L), polyalkylene oxide block copolymer (ATLAS™ G-5000), polycondensation product of naphthalene sulfonic acid, which is alkyl Naphthalene sulphonate sodium salt, Polyalkyl Naphthalene sulphonate, alkyl Naphthalene sulphonate (GEROPON™ DA 1349); Aqarius BP14332 Yellow H4, salts of alkylphenol condensates, salts of sulphonated lignins, salts of poly acid resin copolymers, salts of polyphenol formaldehyde resins, phosphoric acid esters of 10 ethoxylated tristyryl phenol (SOPROPHOR™ 3D44), tristrylphenol ethoxylate sulfate (SOPROPHOR™ 4D384), Tristrylphenol Ethoxylate, POE- 16 Phosphate Ester Salt (STEPFAC™ TSP-PE N), Tri Decyl alcohol ethoxylates 8 EO (Unitop™ TD 80), Tri Decyl alcohol ethoxylates 10 EO (Unitop™ TD 100), Decyl alcohol ethoxylate, POE-6, (MAKON DA 6), Decyl alcohol ethoxylate, POE- 9, MAKON DA 9, Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (Imbirol OT NA), Indol DC 70, Sulfosuccinate (EMULSOGEN™ SF 8), Sodium Lignosulfonate (Borrosperse Na), Sodium Lignosulfonate (Ufoxane 3 A), amine salt of polyaryl phenyl ether phosphate (SOPROPHOR™ FL), Triethanol ammonium salt of tristyryl phenyl ether phosphate (UNITOP™ FL), alkoxylated alkylphenols, polyoxyethylene polyaryl phenol phosphate, amine salt, polyalkylene oxide block copolymer, and alcohols as well as block copolymers of ethylene oxide, polysorbate derivatives and propylene oxide.

[0096] More preferably, the wetting agents are selected from polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer, polyoxyethylene polyaryl phenol phosphate (amine salt), alcohol ethoxylate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium lignin sulphonate, polyalkylene oxide block copolymer, and EO / PO block polymer. The term “dispersing agent” as used herein means agents which ensure both (i) the long term stability of the suspension concentrate and (ii) the stability after the concentrate has been diluted with water or added into the fields. In the above embodiments, the amounts and types of dispersing agents are given. This is an essential balance between dispersants which stabilize the suspension concentrate and dispersants which stabilize the suspension after dilution with water, i.e. they prevent flocculation of the solid particles upon dilution with water. The dispersing agent is a compound which ensures that the particles remain suspended in water. In an embodiment, the dispersing agents can be one of ionic or non-ionic or a mixture of such surfactants or graft co-polymer dispersant.

[0097] Non-limiting examples of the surfactant useful in the present invention are dispersants of the poly carboxylate type, for example such as hydrophobically modified comb -like polymers, for example polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, polymaleic anhydride, a copolymer of maleic acid or maleic anhydride with an olefin (such as isobutylene or diisobutylene), a copolymer of acrylic acid and itaconic acid, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and itaconic acid, a copolymer of maleic acid or maleic anhydride and styrene, a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylate, a copolymer of acrylic acid and vinyl acetate, a copolymer of styrene and methacrylic acid, modified copolymers of styrene and methacrylic acid, a copolymer of maleic acid or maleic anhydride and acrylic acid, an N-methyl fatty acid (e.g. Cs-Cis)-sarcosinate, a carboxylic acid such as a resin acid or a fatty acid (e.g. Cs-Cis) or a salt of such a carboxylic acid, group comprising sodium salts of the copolymers of maleic acid and olefins, and sodium salts of copolymers of methacrylic acid and styrene. The abovementioned copolymers may also be in the form of their salts, e.g. alkali metal salts (preferably Li, Na, K), alkaline earth metal salts (preferably Ca, Mg), ammonium or various amines.

[0098] Preferably, the dispersing agents as used herein are one or more of sodium lignosulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tri styrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alkyl ethoxylates (GERONOL™ SCR); Polyoxyethylene-Polyoxypropylene Block Polymer (UNITOP™ 203), EO-PO Polymeric dispersant (TERSPERSE™ 2288); polyoxy alkylene glycol butyl ether (ETHYLANE™ NS 500 LQ), polymethyl methacrylate-poly ethyleneoxide graft copolymer (Atlox-4913), Sodium Poly carboxylate (Geropon T 36), Geropon ultrasperse, sodium salts of copolymers of methacrylic acid and styrene (Tersperse 2700, Atlox metasperse 550S), Polyalkyl Naphthalene sulphonate, alkyl Naphthalene sulphonate (GEROPON™ DA 1349), phosphoric acid esters of ethoxylated tristyryl phenol (SOPROPHOR™ 3D44), dispersant (Atlox METASPERSE™ 500L) and graft copolymers, polycarboxylates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates (such as MORWET™ IP, MORWET™ EFW, MORWET™ 3028), sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate (MORWET™ D-425), phenol sulphonic acid condensates, alkyl sulfonates, alkenyl sulfonates, mixture of alkyl sulfonates and alkenyl sulfonates (LISSAPOL™ D), alkyl sulfosuccinates (GEROPON™), L-Wet, methyl oleyltaurates, Polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tris(l-phenylethyl)phenyl ether sulfate 10 ammonium salt (SOPROPHOR™ 4D384), modified styrene acrylic polymer, salt of polyaryl phosphate ester, polyoxyethylene polyaryl phenol phosphate, amine salt, block copolymer of polyethylene glycol and 12-hydroxy stearic acid, random copolymer of alkyd-PEG resin and poly vinyl alcohols.

[0099] More preferably, the dispersing agents are selected from polymethylmethacrylate polyethyleneoxide graft copolymer, modified styrene acrylic polymer, salt of polyaryl phosphate ester, sodium salt of alkyl naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensate, sodium lignin sulphonate, polyoxyethylene polyaryl phenol phosphate, (amine salt), block copolymer of polyethylene glycol and 12-hydroxy stearic acid, and random copolymer of alkyl-PEG resin.

[0100] The emulsifying agents comprised in the invention are intended to emulsify the oil or the organic phase and the active ingredient that may be solubilized into said phase when formulations are diluted in spray / tank mixtures, thereby rendering said mixture homogeneous and proper for an application in the field. Thus, the addition of emulsifying agents in the agrochemical formulations of the present invention is essential to its final use in pest control. Among the emulsifying agents comprised in the present invention are one or more anionic and non-ionic surfactants, such as the calcium alkyl benzene sulphonates, natural or synthetic ethoxylated fatty alcohols, natural or synthetic, ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated short-chain alcohols, EO / PO copolymers, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated castor oil, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, ethoxylated esterified sorbitols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated tri styrylphenols, vegetable oil Polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxythylene polyaryl phenol phosphate (ammonium salt), vegetable oil polyoxyethylene ether, high HLB polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, low HLB polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, vegetable oil ethoxylate, Castrox 100, Castrox 200, Stepantex CO 36, Stepantex CO 20, Soprophor FLR, Soprophor 3D33, and ethoxylated fatty amines.

[0101] Preferably, the emulsifying agents useful in the present invention are one or more vegetable oil Polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxythylene polyaryl phenol phosphate (ammonium salt), vegetable oil polyoxyethylene ether, high HLB polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, low HLB polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, vegetable oil ethoxylate, ethoxylated castor oil, ethoxylated sorbitan esters Castrox 100, Castrox 200, Stepantex CO 36, Stepantex CO 20, Soprophor FLR, and Soprophor 3D33.

[0102] More preferably, the emulsifying agent or the emulsifying agent is selected from vegetable oil polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxythylene polyaryl phenol phosphate (ammonium salt), high HLB polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, low HLB polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, vegetable oil ethoxylate, ethoxylated castor oil, and ethoxylated sorbitan esters

[0103] The term “oil” used herein refers to modified vegetable oils obtained by trans-esterifying vegetable oils with short-chain alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol and pentanol, or by esterifying fatty acid fractions derived from the saponification of vegetable oils with the same said alcohols. Non-limiting examples of oil useful in the present invention include soy methyl ester, rapeseed methyl ester, palm methyl ester, palm kernel methyl ester, coconut methyl ester, Cs-io methyl ester, and so forth, each of which can be used individually or in combination.

[0104] The anti-freezing agent useful in the present invention is one or more ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, other glycols, or urea. Preferred anti-freezing agents are selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol.

[0105] The biocide as used herein is selected from formaldehyde, Proxel GXL and Nipacide® BIT 20, which is a formaldehyde-free biocide based on benzisothiazolinone (BIT). The preferred biocide is formaldehyde, or Proxel GXL.

[0106] The defoamer (also known as an anti-foaming agent), as used herein is selected from a polydimethylsiloxane based anti-foaming agent (SagTex Phd Silicone antifoam), polydimethyl siloxane (Sag-1572), (Sag-1575), RI100, stearates; silicones and ethoxylates. Preferred defoamer is a polydimethyl siloxane based anti-foaming agent.

[0107] The viscosity modifying agents, also known as thickeners, are useful for the compositions of the present invention include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. For example, xanthan gum, Agrho POL™ 23 W, Rhodopol gel (2%), Rhodopol 23, Madeol™ X-80, Polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose and its derivatives, clay hydrated silicates, magnesium aluminum silicates, silicon dioxide, Silica (MFIL™ 100), Silica (MFIL™ 200), or a mixture thereof. Preferred viscosity modifying agents are one or more of Agrho POL 23 W, Rhodopol 23, MADEOL™ X80 and xanthan gum. Non-limiting examples of solvents that can be used in the present invention include but are not limited to Methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate (Rhodiasolv Polarclean), AA-dimethyldecanamide (Rhodiasolv ADMA™ 10), amide based solvents, ethyl lactate, ethyl hexyl lactate, fatty acid dimethylamide, solvent naptha, C9 heavy aromatics, cyclohexanone, benzyl alcohol, dimethyl sulphoxide, A A-di methyl lactamide dimethyl carbonate, gamma butyrolactone, acetophenone, cyclohexanone, glycol ethers, glycol ether acetates, polyoxy ethylene glycols, A-alkyl pyrrolidones, AA-dimethyloctanamide, A-methyl Pyrrolidone, and so forth, each of which can be used either individually or in combinations.

[0108] Preferred solvents are one or more solvent naptha, C9 heavy aromatics, cyclohexanone, benzyl alcohol, dimethyl sulphoxide, AA-dimethyl lactamide dimethyl carbonate, gamma butyrolactone, acetophenone, cyclohexanone, glycol ethers, glycol ether acetates, polyoxy ethylene glycols, A-alkyl pyrrolidones, AA-dimethyloctanamide, N-methyl Pyrrolidone, Methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate (Rhodiasolv™ Polarclean), and A,A- dimethyldecanamide (Rhodiasolv ADMA™ 10).

[0109] Suitable colorants (e.g., in red, blue, or green) are pigments of low water solubility, and dyes. Non-limiting examples of colorants useful for the compositions of the present invention include inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate), organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants), FAT yellow 3G (water insoluble dye), Ponceau 4RC82 (water soluble powder dye), Permanent Red LB01 (pigment), and so forth, each of which can be used individually or in combination.

[0110] Non-limiting examples of tackifiers or binders useful for the present invention are polyvinylpyrrolidons, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, cellulose ethers, and so forth, each of which can be used individually or in combination.

[0111] In some embodiments, tackifiers or binders may change the viscosity of the liquid insecticidal compositions and may perform the function of a viscosity modifying agent or a thickener.

[0112] In another embodiment, the surfactant system contains one or more of a wetting agent, a dispersing agent and an emulsifying agent.

[0113] In an embodiment, the composition may be in the form of Wettable powder (WP), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), a water dispersible tablet (WT), Water-soluble tablets (ST), an ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid (UL), an ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Flowable suspension / concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granule / soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR) Solution for seed treatment (LS), Microemulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible Flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (Flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), A mixed formulation of CS en SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS en SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS en EW (ZW), gel formulation, tablet formulation and a range of nano formulation types, including but not limited to nano-emulsions, nanoencapsulations, nano-vesicles, nano-gels, nano-fibers, and the like.

[0114] According to the present invention, the expression "composition" stands for the various mixtures or combinations of components (I), (II), and (II), for example, in a single "ready-mix" form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds, such as a "tank-mix", and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. Preferably, the order of applying the components (I), (II), and (III) is not essential for working the present invention.

[0115] Table A: Illustrates the respective doses per hector used in the study of the present invention:

[0116] Table A Example 1: Tank mix

[0117] Example 2: Thiocyclam 5% + Spiromesifen 1.44% + Tolfenpyrad 1.5% (GR formulation)

[0118] Example 3: Tolfenpyrad + Spiromesifen + Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate (Oil base SC formulation)

[0119]

[0120] According to the present invention, the expression "composition" stands for the various mixtures or combinations of components (I), (II), and (II), for example, in a single "ready-mix" form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds, such as a "tank-mix", and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. Preferably, the order of applying the components (I), (II), and (III) is not essential for working the present invention.

[0121] The pesticidal composition of the present invention exhibits broad-spectrum efficacy against a wide range of economically significant insect and mite pests affecting agricultural, horticultural, and ornamental crops. In particular, the composition is highly effective against sap-sucking pests belonging to the order Hemiplera. such as whiteflies (Bemisia labaci. Trialeurodes vaporar iorum), aphids (Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Pentalonia nigronervosa), leafhoppers (Amrasca bigiillula, Empoasca fctbae , mealybugs (Phenacoccus solenopsis. Pianococcus citri ), scale insects (Aonidiella auranlii, Saissetia coffeae), and psyllids (Diaphorina citri). The composition also provides control of thrips belonging to the order Thysanoplera, including Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella occidenlalis, as well as leafminers of the order Diptera such as Liriomyza trifolii. Furthermore, the composition demonstrates acaricidal activity against mites of the order Acari, including the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and the broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus). In addition to these primary targets, the composition may further exhibit secondary or suppressive activity against lepidopteran larvae such as Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera lilura. and against planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens. Sogatella furcifera) infesting rice. The pests controlled by the present composition typically infest crops including, but not limited to, cotton, tomato, chili, cucumber, brinjal, okra, beans, citrus, tea, tobacco, and other vegetables and ornamentals.

[0122] By virtue of the complementary and systemic modes of action of the components (I), (II) and (III), the composition provides simultaneous control of adult and immature pest stages, resulting in extended residual efficacy and suppression of resistant pest populations.

[0123] The pesticidal composition of the present invention is suitable for the protection of a wide variety of cultivated plants and crops in the agricultural, horticultural, floricultural, and forestry sectors. The composition may be applied to field crops, such as cotton (Gossypium spp.), soybean (Glycine max), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza saliva), wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). It is also suitable for vegetable crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), chili (Capsicum annuum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), onion (Allium cepa), and garlic (Allium sativum).

[0124] The composition is further effective in fruit and plantation crops, such as citrus (Citrus spp.), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), banana (Musa spp.), mango (Mangifera indica), guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), apple (Malus domestica), pear (Pyrus communis), and pomegranate (Punica granatum). It may also be applied to tea (Camellia sinensis), coffee (Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora), and cocoa (Theobroma cacao) plantations.

[0125] In addition, the composition can be utilized for ornamental and floricultural plants, including rose (Rosa spp.), chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum spp.), marigold (Tagetes spp.), and gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), as well as for nursery plants and greenhouse crops. The present invention is also applicable for use in turfgrass management, forestry, and non-crop vegetation control where the listed pests pose economic damage. The composition can be applied by foliar spraying, soil drenching, seed coating, drip irrigation, or other conventional agricultural methods, providing long-lasting systemic protection across both vegetative and reproductive growth stages of the treated plants.

[0126] The pesticidal composition of the present invention is suitable for use in controlling or preventing infestation by a wide range of insect pests such as those listed above. These insects feed on phloem sap and cause extensive crop losses through direct feeding damage and transmission of viral and fungal pathogens. Application of the composition at pesticidally effective rates results in rapid knock-down of adult stages, inhibition of development and reproduction of immature forms, and extended residual control, thereby preventing recolonisation and secondary outbreaks. The synergistic interaction of (I), (II), and (III) ensures control even in strains exhibiting resistance to conventional pesticides.

[0127] In another embodiment, the invention provides a method for controlling insect pests in a crop or its locus. The method comprises applying to the crop, its foliage, stems, roots, or surrounding soil a pesticidally effective amount of the composition described herein. The term “pesticidally effective amount” denotes a quantity sufficient to reduce pest populations to non-damaging levels. The composition may be applied in the form of an aqueous spray, suspension, emulsion, or other agriculturally acceptable carrier. Upon application, (II) and (III) are systemically translocated through both xylem and phloem, while (I) provides contact and ingestion toxicity, ensuring comprehensive protection of treated and newly developed plant tissues.

[0128] The method of the invention is particularly advantageous for protecting economically important crops such as those listed above, which are highly susceptible to whitefly, aphid, and thrips infestations. The composition demonstrates both preventive and curative activity on these crops, reducing honey-dew deposition, leaf curling, and virus transmission. Field and greenhouse trials have shown that application of the present composition significantly lowers pest incidence and improves yield and plant vigour compared with single-component treatments.

[0129] The composition can be administered through various conventional agricultural techniques, including foliar spraying, soil drenching, drip irrigation, or seed coating. In foliar spraying, the composition is diluted with water and applied uniformly to leaf surfaces using hydraulic or mist sprayers to ensure coverage of both upper and lower lamina. In soil drenching or drip application, the diluted formulation is applied directly to the rhizosphere, permitting root uptake and systemic translocation. For seed treatment, the composition may be mixed with film-forming polymers or binders to achieve uniform coating and adhesion to seed surfaces. These application modes allow flexible integration into existing pest management programs while minimizing pesticide usage and environmental impact.

[0130] In a further embodiment, the invention provides a method of protecting seeds and seedlings from early-season insect attack by coating the seeds with the pesticidal composition. The coated seeds release the active ingredients gradually after sowing, providing protection during germination and seedling establishment. The seed treatment prevents colonisation by soil- borne aphids and early whitefly infestations, thereby reducing the need for post-emergence sprays. The amount of composition applied typically ranges from 0.5 to 10 g of active ingredient per kg of seed, depending on seed size and pest pressure. The coating may include inert fillers, pigments, or binders to improve handling and uniformity.

[0131] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparing the present novel synergistic composition which may be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of the manufacturing the formulation. However, all such variations and modifications are still covered by the scope of present invention.

[0132] Advantageously, the present invention provides a composition that comprises at least three active ingredients, where the composition overcomes the pest infections much more efficiently when compared with the individual application. The composition provides the advantages such as overcoming the resistance of the pest to the use of the individual components of the pesticide composition, improved shelf life, increased spectrum of activity, better crop quality, enhanced efficacy, and economic and ecological advantages i.e. less expensive and environmentally safe composition.

[0133] The following examples illustrate the practice of the present invention in some of its embodiments; but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0134] Advantageously, the present invention provides a composition that comprises at least three active ingredients, where the composition overcomes the pest infestation (by lepidopterans as well as sucking pests) much more efficiently when compared with the individual application. The composition provides the advantages such as overcoming the resistance of the pest to the use of the individual components of the pesticide composition, improved shelf life, increased spectrum of activity, better crop quality, enhanced efficacy, and economic and ecological advantages i.e. less expensive and environmentally safe composition.

[0135] While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above-described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.

[0136] BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES

[0137] A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of an active ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components.

[0138] In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term "synergy" is as defined by Colby S. R. according to following equations.

[0139] The action expected for a given combination of two active components can be calculated as follows:

[0140] The action expected for a given combination of three active components can be calculated as follows: in which E represents the expected percentage of insecticidal control for the combination of the three pesticides at defined doses (for example equal to x, y and z respectively), X is the percentage of insecticidal control observed by the compound (I) at a defined dose (equal to x), Y is the percentage of insecticidal control observed by the compound (II) at a defined dose (equal to y), Z is the percentage of insecticidal control observed by the compound (III) at a defined dose (equal to z). When the percentage of insecticidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. Experiments were conducted to determine the synergistic insecticidal effect of the ternary insecticidal composition which comprises a mixture of:

[0141] I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected as Tolfenpyrad;

[0142] II) a acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected as Spiromesifen; and

[0143] III) a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers selected as Thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate.

[0144] Field trials were conducted on Cotton to evaluate the insecticidal control of sucking and lepidopteran insect pests using the following combination:

[0145] I) Tolfenpyrad,

[0146] II) Spiromesifen and

[0147] III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.

[0148] The target insect pests included Cotton Thrips, Cotton Jassids, Red Spider Mite Tetranychus iirlicae). Whitefly, Aphids, and Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella). The ternary mixture was prepared using the method described in the preceding example. Commercial formulations of component (I) Tolfenpyrad, component (II) Spidoxamat, or Spirodiclofen, or Spiromesifen, or Spiropidion, or Spirotetramat and component (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate were diluted with water to achieve the desired active ingredient concentrations. Applications were conducted using a backpack sprayer equipped with a pressure regulator and a vertical boom fitted with four hollow-cone nozzles. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three replications, and each plot measured 25 m2(5 m * 5 m). The application rate was 500 L / ha. The first spray was applied at <5% rosette flower stage, followed by a second application 10 days later. A third application could be made after an additional 10-day interval depending on pest pressure and the progression of target sucking insect pests.

[0149] The observations were made as follows and are presented in Tables below:

[0150] • Thrips: The total population of thrips was recorded on five leaves per plant at 0 (precount), 3, 7, and 10 days after each spray. Observations were made from five tagged plants in each treatment.

[0151] • Jassids: The total population of jassids was recorded on five leaves per plant at 0 (precount), 3, 7, and 10 days after each spray from five tagged plants in each treatment.

[0152] • Aphids: The population of aphids was recorded on five leaves per plant at 0 (precount), 3, 7, and 10 days after each spray from five tagged plants in each treatment. • Whitefly Adults: The population of whitefly adults was recorded on five leaves per plant at 0 (pre-count), 3, 7, and 10 days after each spray from five tagged plants in each treatment.

[0153] • Red Spider Mite: The population of aphids was recorded on five leaves per plant at 0 (pre-count), 3, 7, and 10 days after each spray from five tagged plants in each treatment.

[0154] • Flower Damage: Total and rosette flowers (type- 1 / type-2) were counted from five randomly selected plants from each treatment. These observations were recorded at precount and 10 days after each application.

[0155] • Green Boll Damage: Ten bolls were randomly collected from each treatment per replication and were dissected to determine the number of bolls damaged by Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) at 20 and 40 days after the second application.

[0156] • Open / Mature Boll Damage: The number of healthy and damaged bolls (by pink bollworm) per plant was recorded from five randomly selected plants per plot. Observations were taken at the first three pickings.

[0157] The herbicide tank mix combinations, application rates, plant species tested, and results are given in the following examples:

[0158] Example A:

[0159] Table-B summarizes the impacts of separate and combined treatments at different concentrations of Tolfenpyrad Spiromesifen, and Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate at seven days after application, against Aphids on Cotton crop

[0160] Table-B:

[0161] As shown in the table above, the three-way combination of Tolfenpyrad Spiromesifen, anc Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate exhibited higher efficacy than all two-way combinations. This three-way combination demonstrated strong synergistic effects and provided excellent control of the sucking insect pest complex.

[0162] Example B:

[0163] Table-C summarizes the impacts of separate and combined treatments at different concentrations of Tolfenpyrad Spiromesifen, and Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate at seven days after application, against Thrips on Cotton crop

[0164] Table-C: -

[0165] As shown in the table above, the three-way combination of Tolfenpyrad Spiromesifen, anc

[0166] Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate exhibited higher efficacy than all two-way combinations. This three-way combination demonstrated strong synergistic effects and provided excellent control of the sucking insect pest complex.

[0167] Example C:

[0168] Table-D summarizes the impacts of separate and combined treatments at different concentrations of Tolfenpyrad Spiromesifen, and Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate at seven days after application, against Jassids on Cotton crop

[0169] Table-D: -

[0170] Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate exhibited higher efficacy than all two-way combinations. This three-way combination demonstrated strong synergistic effects and provided excellent control of the sucking insect pest complex.

[0171] Example-D:

[0172] Table-E summarizes the impacts of separate and combined treatments at different concentrations of Tolfenpyrad Spiromesifen, and Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate at seven days after application, against Red Spider Mite on Cotton crop

[0173] Table-E: -

[0174] As shown in the table above, the three-way combination of Tolfenpyrad Spiromesifen, anc

[0175] Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate exhibited higher efficacy than all two-way combinations. This three-way combination demonstrated strong synergistic effects and provided excellent control of the sucking insect pest complex.

[0176] (GAH) = gram Active ingredient per hectare

[0177] While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS:(1) A synergistic pesticidal composition, comprising:(I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected from Tolfenpyrad;(II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat; and(III) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is selected as Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.(2) The synergistic pesticidal composition, according to claim 1 comprising:(I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected as Tolfenpyrad;(II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat,(III) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is selected as Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate, and(IV) Inactive excipients.(3) The synergistic pesticidal composition, according to claim 2 comprising:(I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected from Tolfenpyrad;(II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat; and(III) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is selected as Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate;(IV) Inactive excipients: a. a surfactant system in the range of 2 to 30 % (w / w); and b. other Inactive excipients in the range of 5 to 70 % (w / w); wherein the total of all the components (I), (II), (III) and (IV) of the composition is 100 % (w / w).(4) The synergistic pesticidal composition, according to claim 1 or 2, A ratio of (I):(II) ranges from 1:100 to 100:1, the ratio of (II):(III) ranges from 1:100 to 100:1, and the ratio of (I): (III) ranges from 1:100 to 100:1.(5) The synergistic pesticidal composition, according to claim 2 comprising:(I) a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor selected from Tolfenpyrad and Tebufenpyrad in a range from 0.5 to 60 % w / w (weight / weight);(II) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat in a range from 0.5 to 60 % w / w; and(III) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker is selected as thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate in the range from 0.5 to 80 % w / w; and(IV) Inactive excipients in the range from 10 to 90 % w / w.(6) The synergistic pesticidal composition, according to claim 1 comprises:(I) Tolfenpyrad;(II) Spiromesifen; and(III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.(7) The synergistic pesticidal composition, according to claim 2 or 4 comprises:(I) Tolfenpyrad;(II) Spiromesifen;(III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate and;(IV) Inactive excipients.(8) The composition claim 2, the said synergistic pesticidal composition is a formulation selected from Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable Slurry (FS), Flowable Suspension(FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo- emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP ), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG), Wettable powders (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).(9) The synergistic pesticidal composition, according to claim 11 comprising:(I) Tolfenpyrad;(II) Spiromesifen; and(III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.(IV) Inactive excipients: a. a surfactant system in the range of 2 to 30 % (w / w); and b. other Inactive excipients in the range of 5 to 70 % (w / w); wherein the total of all the components (I), (II), (III) and (IV) of the composition is 100 % (w / w).(10) A method of preparing the synergistic pesticidal composition comprising of a component (I) Tolfenpyrad; a component (II) selected from Spidoxamat, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, and Spirotetramat; and a component (III) Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.(11) The method as claimed in claim 10 wherein said method comprises Tolfenpyrad, Spiromesifen and Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate.(12) A method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and / or plant organs that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or pest damage (including sucking pests complex) by applying to the plant propagation material the composition comprising a pesticidal composition as defined in the any of the above claims.

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