A composite plant extract, preparation method and application

Abstract

The application discloses a composite plant extract, a preparation method and application. The components in the composite plant extract are synergistic, have the effects of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, immune regulation and the like, effectively promote the immune function development of livestock and poultry, play the genetic potential of the livestock and poultry to the best level, reduce the incidence, improve the intestinal flora, replace the use of chemical drugs such as antibiotics, are high in efficiency and safety, green and environment-friendly; meanwhile, the stability of cinnamyl aldehyde is remarkably improved through modification, the cinnamyl aldehyde can be slowly released in the body, transported to the target through blood circulation and the like, the bioavailability of the cinnamyl aldehyde is improved, and the effects of bacteriostasis and sterilization, immune regulation, growth promotion and the like are maximally exerted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of feed, in particular to a compound plant extract, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing of people's consumption level, the production scale of livestock, poultry and fish farming industry is rapidly improved. Antibiotics play an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases and growth promotion of livestock and poultry. However, the abuse of antibiotics leads to serious bacterial resistance and drug residues, causing many problems such as food safety and environmental pollution, which seriously threaten human health and safety. Therefore, exploring the "safe, green, new and efficient" antibiotic substitutes for feed has become a hot research topic.

[0003] Plants contain rich "secondary compounds" or "phytochemicals" to enhance their survival ability and help them interact with their environment. Plant extracts are active substances formed by separating and purifying one or more active ingredients in natural plant materials (roots, stems, flowers, leaves, seeds, etc.) by physical, chemical or biological means. Most of the active ingredients are alkaloids, plant polyphenols, volatile oils, organic acids and polysaccharides, etc. As a green and environmentally friendly antibiotic substitute, plant extracts have the functions of bacteriostasis and sterilization, antioxidant and immune regulation, and have the advantages of being natural, non-toxic, non-resistant and non-residual, which can improve the quality of animal products and food safety, and have a wide application prospect. However, the use of single plant extract cannot meet the needs of livestock growth. Research has shown that compound plant extracts are significantly better than single plant extracts in both in vitro sterilization and animal breeding effects.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN112471347A discloses a compound plant extract additive for improving pig production performance and antioxidant capacity, which is prepared by mixing a cinnamyl aldehyde premix and a eugenol premix at a mass ratio of (1-3):1. The compound plant extract additive as a substitute for pig feed antibiotic additive substitute significantly improves pig daily weight gain and feed conversion rate, improves the jejunum and ileum tissue morphology of weaned piglets, improves the apparent digestibility of daily nutrients of weaned piglets, improves the antioxidant capacity of the body, improves the blood biochemical indicators, and has no any side effects. However, the raw materials cinnamyl aldehyde and eugenol used in the invention have poor stability, which further leads to the defects of weakened antibacterial and antioxidant capacity of the compound plant extract additive. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a compound plant extract which can replace antibiotics and has good stability and strong antibacterial property.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A composite plant extract, comprising the following components: phytosterol ester, modified cinnamaldehyde, raspberry extract, epimedium extract, antioxidant, sustained-release carrier.

[0008] Preferably, a composite plant extract, comprising the following components by mass fraction: 5-10 parts of phytosterol ester, 15-20 parts of modified cinnamaldehyde, 10-15 parts of raspberry extract, 20-25 parts of epimedium extract, 0.01-0.03 parts of antioxidant, and 30-70 parts of sustained-release carrier.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified cinnamaldehyde is as follows:

[0010] 1) 50-150 g of apple pectin is mixed with 400-600 g of water, soaked at room temperature for 4-6 h, then heated to 60-90 °C for 1-3 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate is collected to obtain an apple pectin extract, which is then concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent, and then freeze-dried at -25 to -20 °C for 20-24 h to obtain pretreated apple pectin;

[0011] 2) 40-60 g of pretreated apple pectin, 30-50 g of egg white protein, and 15-30 g of water are mixed at room temperature, then the pH is adjusted to 11-12 with 0.5-1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, 6-10 g of sodium tripolyphosphate is added, and the mixture is reacted at 40-60 °C for 10-20 min, then filtered, the filtrate is washed with water until the pH is neutral, and then freeze-dried at -25 to -20 °C for 20-24 h to obtain a powder;

[0012] 3) 30-50 g of the powder obtained in step 2), 8-15 g of soy lecithin, 10-15 g of stachyose, and 150-250 g of water are mixed uniformly, then stirred at room temperature at a stirring speed of 600-800 rpm for 1-2 h, then homogenized at a stirring speed of 2000-3000 rpm for 3-5 min, then 20-30 g of cinnamaldehyde is added, stirred at room temperature at a stirring speed of 600-800 rpm for 30-60 min, and then freeze-dried at -25 to -20 °C for 20-24 h to obtain modified cinnamaldehyde.

[0013] Further preferably, the pre-apple pectin is a maleic anhydride modified apple pectin, which is prepared by mixing 60-100 g of the pretreated apple pectin with 150-250 g of water at room temperature, adjusting the pH to 7-9 with a 0.5-1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 30-80 mL of a 20-30 wt% maleic anhydride ethanol solution, heating to 40-60 °C for 1-2 h, adding 20-40 mL of a 0.05-0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid, stirring for 10-20 min, filtering, washing the filter cake with water and anhydrous ethanol for 2-3 times, and freeze-drying at -25 to -20 °C for 20-24 h to obtain the maleic anhydride modified apple pectin.

[0014] Most preferably, the modified cinnamaldehyde is prepared by: 1) mixing 40-60 g of the maleic anhydride modified apple pectin, 30-50 g of egg white protein, and 15-30 g of water at room temperature, adjusting the pH to 11-12 with a 0.5-1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 6-10 g of sodium tripolyphosphate, and reacting at 40-60 °C for 10-20 min, filtering, washing the filter residue with water until the filtrate has a neutral pH, and freeze-drying at -25 to -20 °C for 20-24 h to obtain a powder;

[0015] 2) mixing 30-50 g of the powder obtained in step 1), 8-15 g of soy lecithin, 10-15 g of stachyose, and 150-250 g of water uniformly, adding 100-150 g of peanut oil, mixing at a stirring speed of 600-800 rpm at room temperature for 1-2 h, homogenizing at a stirring speed of 2000-3000 rpm for 3-5 min, adding 20-30 g of cinnamaldehyde, stirring at 600-800 rpm at room temperature for 30-60 min, and freeze-drying at -25 to -20 °C for 20-24 h to obtain the modified cinnamaldehyde.

[0016] Cinnamaldehyde is an aldehyde organic compound that exists in large amounts in plants such as cinnamon and has strong antibacterial activity against various pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Clostridium. It also has the effects of anti-ulcer, anti-virus, and strengthening gastrointestinal motility, and can enhance humoral and cellular immune functions, has no drug resistance, and can promote the activity of digestive enzymes, lower blood sugar and lipids, improve meat quality, and prevent feed from being moldy for a long time. However, cinnamaldehyde has a strong odor, is insoluble in water, is an oily liquid at room temperature and is not easy to mix uniformly, has poor in-vitro stability, and has a high in-vivo loss rate, thereby limiting the application of cinnamaldehyde.

[0017] The inventors first remove insoluble impurities from apple pectin through pretreatment, and the complex formed by apple pectin, egg white protein, soybean lecithin and stachyose has high flexibility and certain deformation capacity; the complex formed by the maleic anhydride modified apple pectin and egg white protein, soybean lecithin and stachyose can form a stable and dense three-dimensional network, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the carrier, and the antioxidant activity and water solubility of the modified carrier are also improved; after freeze-drying, the peanut oil composite carrier has small particle size, irregular surface and smooth porous structure, can well load cinnamaldehyde, and improves the stability of cinnamaldehyde.

[0018] Preferably, the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.

[0019] Preferably, the slow-release carrier is one or more of attapulgite powder, sepiolite powder, pine needle powder, malt dextrin, silicon dioxide powder, beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate.

[0020] In the present application, part of the raw materials are described as follows:

[0021] Phytosterol esters are obtained by esterification of phytosterols, and are absorbed by hydrolysis into free sterols, thereby playing the functions of bacteriostasis and sterilization, immune regulation, enhancing the immunity of the body, reducing the diarrhea rate, improving the nutritional value of feed, promoting the absorption and growth of animals, and having better synergistic effect with other components in the complex; in addition, the phytosterol esters can also improve the quality and flavor of pork.

[0022] Raspberry extract, sweet and sour, can effectively promote animal feeding, and rich in a large number of organic acids, anthocyanins, vitamin C, beta-sitosterol and a variety of amino acids, etc., has the effect of antioxidant, immune regulation, its important nutrient component beta-sitosterol, has antioxidant anticancer, immune regulation and growth promotion and a variety of effects; also can inhibit skin inflammation, regulate body fat and protein metabolism, hinder the esterification of cholesterol, synergistic with the phytosterol ester of the application to improve animal hair quality and muscle flavor. In addition, the raspberry extract is rich in organic acids, which has a variety of additional effects other than natural antibiotics, such as promoting appetite, reducing pH, maintaining acid-base balance, etc.; a large amount of vitamin C is one of the effective substances for synthesizing collagen, and its strong antioxidant effect can resist the damage of free radicals to cells, improve animal skin color and health.

[0023] Epimedium extract contains icariin, phytosterol, volatile oil, tannin, vitamin E and other components, which is used as a component of feed additives in the application, can regulate specific immunity, significantly improve the level of spleen antibody and plasma antibody, and promote the early generation of antibodies, etc., can also enhance the non-specific immune function, significantly improve the phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index of macrophages, has obvious inhibitory effect on animal enterovirus, staphylococcus albus and staphylococcus aureus, etc., and can promote hematopoietic function, immune function and bone metabolism, etc., has the multiple effects of immune regulation, antibacterial and bacteriostatic, and improving feed utilization efficiency.

[0024] The composite plant extract has the effects of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, etc., can improve the specific and non-specific immunity of the body, effectively promote the development of the immune function of livestock and poultry, play the genetic potential of livestock and poultry to the best level, reduce the incidence, improve the intestinal flora, and replace the use of antibiotics and other chemical drugs, which is efficient, safe and green.

[0025] The application further discloses a preparation method of the composite plant extract, which comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1, according to the formula, the raw materials are weighed, the raspberry extract, the epimedium extract, the phytosterol ester, the antioxidant, the slow-release carrier and water are added into a mixing tank, and then stirred and mixed uniformly, and then transferred to a high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization, and then sprayed and dried to obtain a mixture;

[0027] S2, the mixture is mixed with modified cinnamyl aldehyde uniformly, and then transferred to a granulator for granulation to obtain the composite plant extract.

[0028] Preferably, the homogenization condition in step S1 is that the pressure is 30-50 MPa, the stirring speed is 3000-5000 rpm, and the homogenization time is 3-5 min.

[0029] Preferably, the spray drying conditions in step S1 are as follows: the inlet air temperature is 160-180℃, the compressed air flow rate is 7-10L / min, and the feed amount is 4-6mL.

[0030] Preferably, the average particle size of the composite plant extract obtained in step S2 is 5-10mm.

[0031] The application also provides the use of the composite plant extract described above as a feed additive in pig feed, and the addition ratio is 0.01-0.3wt%.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the composite plant extract provided by the application has the beneficial effects that: the components of the composite plant extract synergistically act together, can effectively kill and inhibit bacteria, has strong antibacterial activity, enhances immune regulation, improves the specific and non-specific immunity of the body, effectively promotes the development of the immune function of livestock and poultry, brings the genetic potential of livestock and poultry to the best level, and reduces the incidence; can also regulate the metabolism of fat and protein in the body, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and significantly improve the skin color, meat flavor, and growth performance of animals; at the same time, the stability of cinnamyl aldehyde is significantly improved by modifying cinnamyl aldehyde, and cinnamyl aldehyde can be slowly released in the body, transported to the target site through blood circulation, etc., the bioavailability of cinnamyl aldehyde is improved, the effects of bacteriostasis and sterilization, immune regulation, and growth promotion are maximized; at the same time, the use of antibiotics and drugs in conventional feeding is reduced, which is efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly, and improves the breeding efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] For the sake of brevity, the articles used in the following examples are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified, and the methods used are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0034] Some raw materials used in the application are as follows:

[0035] Plant sterol ester, content 98%, particle size 80 mesh, model AS-01, Shaanxi Xiazhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0036] Apple pectin, galacturonic acid content >65%, moisture content <12%, ash content <3%.

[0037] Egg white protein, protein content ≥80%.

[0038] Raspberry extract, water extraction, particle size 100 mesh.

[0039] Epimedium extract, epimedium monoglycoside content 50%, particle size 80 mesh.

[0040] Ethoxyquin, powder, content 30%.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A preparation method of a composite plant extract, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1: 150 g of raspberry extract, 250 g of Epimedium extract, 100 g of phytosterol ester, 0.3 g of ethoxyquin, 1000 g of β-cyclodextrin, and 1500 g of water are added into a mixing tank, and after being uniformly stirred and mixed, the mixture is transferred into a high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization under the conditions of a pressure of 40 MPa and a rotating speed of 5000 rpm for 5 min, and then is subjected to spray drying to obtain a mixed material; the spray drying conditions are that the inlet air temperature is 170 DEG C, the compressed air flow rate is 8 L / min, and the feeding amount is 5 mL;

[0044] S2: the mixed material is uniformly mixed with 200 g of modified cinnamaldehyde, and then is transferred into a granulator to obtain a composite plant extract with a particle size of 8 mm.

[0045] The preparation method of the modified cinnamaldehyde is as follows:

[0046] 1) 100 g of apple pectin is mixed with 500 g of water, and is soaked at room temperature for 5 h to obtain an apple pectin mixed solution, and then is heated to 80 DEG C and kept for 2 h, and then is cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate is collected to obtain an apple pectin extract solution, and then is subjected to vacuum concentration to remove the solvent, and then is freeze-dried at-25 DEG C for 24 h to obtain pretreated apple pectin;

[0047] 2) 80 g of the pretreated apple pectin is mixed with 200 g of water at room temperature, and then the pH value is adjusted to 8 by using a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 50 mL of a 20 wt% maleic anhydride ethanol solution is added, and then is heated to 50 DEG C and reacted for 2 h, 30 mL of a 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid is added, and then is stirred for 15 min, filtered, and the filter cake is washed with water and anhydrous ethanol for 3 times respectively, and then is freeze-dried at-25 DEG C for 24 h to obtain maleic anhydride modified apple pectin;

[0048] 3) 50 g of the maleic anhydride modified apple pectin, 35 g of egg white protein, and 20 g of water are mixed at room temperature, and then the pH value is adjusted to 11 by using a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 8 g of sodium tripolyphosphate is added, and then is reacted at 50 DEG C for 15 min, filtered, and the filter residue is washed with water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, and then is freeze-dried at-25 DEG C for 24 h, and then is ground to obtain a powder;

[0049] 4) 40 g of the powder obtained in step 3), 10 g of soybean lecithin, 12.5 g of stachydrine, and 200 g of water are uniformly mixed, and then 125 g of peanut oil is added, and then is mixed at a stirring speed of 700 rpm at room temperature for 2 h; and then is subjected to homogenization treatment at a stirring speed of 2500 rpm for 4 min, and then 25 g of cinnamaldehyde is added, and then is stirred at 700 rpm at room temperature for 40 min, and then is freeze-dried at-25 DEG C for 24 h to obtain modified cinnamaldehyde.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A preparation method of a composite plant extract, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1: 150 g of raspberry extract, 250 g of Epimedium extract, 100 g of phytosterol ester, 0.3 g of ethoxyquin, 1000 g of β-cyclodextrin, and 1500 g of water are added into a mixing tank, and after being stirred and mixed uniformly, they are transferred into a high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization under the conditions of a pressure of 40 MPa and a rotating speed of 5000 rpm for 5 min, and then are subjected to spray drying to obtain a mixture;

[0053] S2: the mixture is uniformly mixed with 200 g of modified cinnamaldehyde, and then is transferred into a granulator to obtain a composite plant extract with a particle size of 8 mm.

[0054] The preparation method of the modified cinnamaldehyde is as follows:

[0055] 1) 100 g of apple pectin is mixed with 500 g of water, and is soaked at room temperature for 5 h to obtain an apple pectin mixture, and then is heated to 80 ℃ and kept for 2 h, and then is cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate is collected to obtain an apple pectin extract, and then is subjected to vacuum concentration to remove the solvent, and then is freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h to obtain pretreated apple pectin;

[0056] 2) 80 g of the pretreated apple pectin is mixed with 200 g of water at room temperature, and then the pH is adjusted to 8 by using a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 50 mL of a 20 wt% maleic anhydride ethanol solution is added, and then is heated to 50 ℃ and reacted for 2 h, 30 mL of a 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid is added, and then is stirred for 15 min, filtered, and the filter cake is washed with water and anhydrous ethanol for 3 times respectively, and then is freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h to obtain maleic anhydride modified apple pectin;

[0057] 3) 50 g of the maleic anhydride modified apple pectin, 35 g of egg white protein, and 20 g of water are mixed at room temperature, and then the pH of the system is adjusted to 11 by using a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 8 g of sodium tripolyphosphate is added, and then is reacted at 50 ℃ for 15 min, filtered, and the filter residue is washed with water until the pH of the filtrate is neutral, and then is freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h, and then is ground to obtain a powdery substance;

[0058] 4) 40 g of the powdery substance obtained in step 3), 10 g of soybean lecithin, 12.5 g of stachydrine, and 200 g of water are uniformly mixed, and then are mixed at room temperature at a stirring speed of 700 rpm for 2 h, and then are subjected to homogenization treatment at a stirring speed of 2500 rpm for 4 min, and then 25 g of cinnamaldehyde is added, and then is stirred at room temperature at a stirring speed of 700 rpm for 40 min, and then is freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h to obtain modified cinnamaldehyde.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A preparation method of a composite plant extract, comprising the following steps:

[0061] S1: 150 g of raspberry extract, 250 g of Epimedium extract, 100 g of phytosterol ester, 0.3 g of ethoxyquin, 1000 g of β-cyclodextrin, and 1500 g of water are added into a mixing tank, and after being stirred and mixed uniformly, they are transferred into a high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization under the conditions of a pressure of 40 MPa and a rotating speed of 5000 rpm for 5 min, and then are subjected to spray drying to obtain a mixture;

[0062] S2: the mixture is uniformly mixed with 200 g of modified cinnamaldehyde, and then is transferred into a granulator to obtain a composite plant extract with a particle size of 8 mm.

[0063] The preparation method of the modified cinnamaldehyde is as follows:

[0064] 1) 100 g of apple pectin is mixed with 500 g of water, and is soaked at room temperature for 5 h to obtain an apple pectin mixture, and then is heated to 80 ℃ and kept for 2 h, and then is cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate is collected to obtain an apple pectin extract, and then is subjected to vacuum concentration to remove the solvent, and then is freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h to obtain pretreated apple pectin;

[0065] 2) 50 g of the pretreated apple pectin, 35 g of egg white protein, and 20 g of water are mixed at room temperature, and then the pH of the system is adjusted to 11 by using a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 8 g of sodium tripolyphosphate is added, and then the system is reacted at 50 ℃ for 15 min, and then is filtered, and the filter residue is washed with water until the pH of the filtrate is neutral, and then is freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h, and then is ground to obtain a powder;

[0066] 3) 40 g of the powder obtained in step 2), 10 g of soybean lecithin, 12.5 g of stachyose, and 200 g of water are uniformly mixed, and then are mixed at room temperature at a stirring speed of 700 rpm for 2 h; then are subjected to homogenization treatment at a stirring speed of 2500 rpm for 4 min, and then 25 g of cinnamaldehyde is added, and then is stirred at room temperature at a stirring speed of 700 rpm for 40 min, and then is freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h to obtain modified cinnamaldehyde.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] A preparation method of a composite plant extract, comprising the following steps:

[0069] S1 added 150 g of raspberry extract, 250 g of Epimedium extract, 100 g of phytosterol ester, 0.3 g of ethoxyquin, 1000 g of β-cyclodextrin, and 1500 g of water into a mixing tank, stirred and mixed uniformly, and then transferred to a high-pressure homogenizer. The mixture was homogenized at a pressure of 40 MPa and a rotation speed of 5000 rpm for 5 min, and then spray dried to obtain a mixed material; the spray drying conditions were an air inlet temperature of 170°C, a compressed air flow rate of 8 L / min, and a feeding amount of 5 mL.

[0070] S2 mixed the mixed material with 200 g of modified cinnamaldehyde to obtain a composite plant extract with a particle size of 8 mm.

[0071] The preparation method of the modified cinnamaldehyde is as follows:

[0072] After 10 g of soybean lecithin, 12.5 g of stachyose, and 200 g of water were mixed uniformly, 125 g of peanut oil was added, and the mixture was stirred at a stirring speed of 700 rpm for 2 h at room temperature. Then, the mixture was homogenized at a stirring speed of 2500 rpm for 4 min, and then 25 g of cinnamaldehyde was added. After stirring at a stirring speed of 700 rpm for 40 min at room temperature, the mixture was freeze-dried at -25°C for 24 h to obtain the modified cinnamaldehyde.

[0073] Test Example 1

[0074] In-vitro bacteriostatic effect test: the composite plant extracts prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to in-vitro bacteriostatic effect test of pig dysentery Brachyspira. The test strain was pig dysentery spirochete ATCC 27164. Serum-added TSA tryptone soy agar medium was used, the addition amount of fetal bovine serum was 10%, and the final concentration of bacteria on the agar plate was 5×10 5 CFU / spot, and the final concentration of bacteria in the broth was 5×10 6 CFU / mL. The samples were placed in an anaerobic box with 80% N2-10% CO2-10% H2, and cultured at 38°C for 4 days. When the McFarland of pig dysentery spirochete in the broth was 1, the number of bacteria was about 3×10 7 CFU / mL. The minimum bacteriostatic concentration MIC of the composite plant extracts prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 was determined, each sample was tested 3 times, and the average value was taken as the test result. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1: In-vitro bacteriostatic effect test results

[0076] Group MIC (mg / mL) Example 1 6.85 Example 2 10.23 Example 3 15.84 Comparative Example 1 20.36

[0077] The smaller the MIC value, the better the antibacterial effect. As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1, the composite plant extract prepared in Example 1 has the best in-vitro antibacterial effect, and the difference between Example 1 and other examples and comparative examples is that the apple pectin modified by maleic anhydride, egg white protein, peanut oil and other substances are modified with cinnamaldehyde. The possible reason for this phenomenon is that the complex formed by apple pectin, egg white protein, soybean lecithin and stachydrine has high flexibility and certain deformation ability. By modifying the apple pectin with maleic anhydride, the complex formed by the maleic anhydride modified apple pectin and the egg white protein, soybean lecithin and stachydrine can form a stable and dense three-dimensional network, improving the mechanical strength of the carrier. At the same time, the modification improves the antioxidant activity and water solubility. After freeze-drying, the peanut oil composite carrier has small particles, irregular surface and smooth porous structure, which can well load cinnamaldehyde and improve the stability of cinnamaldehyde, thereby improving the antibacterial performance.

[0078] Test Example 2

[0079] Test on the effect of piglet growth performance: The test objects are three-way hybrid fattening piglets, a total of 60, the same age, completely healthy, body weight (16.34±0.20) kg, and these pigs are randomly divided into 6 groups, 10 pigs in each group, respectively, as a blank control group and a test group, wherein the test group is divided into 4 groups, respectively, adding the composite plant extract prepared by Examples 1-3, Comparative Example 1, and the addition ratio of the composite plant extract in pig feed is 0.05wt%, and the specific test design is shown in Table 2.

[0080] The piglets are allowed to freely eat and drink, and are immunized and dewormed according to the conventional method. Before the formal test, the piglets are first subjected to a one-week pre-feeding test, and after 30 days, the material is weighed and measured, and the daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and diarrhea rate are calculated; at the end of the test, 3 test pigs are randomly selected from each replicate, and the blood is collected 10 mL from the anterior vena cava after fasting for 12 h, and the blood is placed at room temperature for 30 min, and the serum sample is obtained by centrifugation, and is frozen for inspection, and the biochemical indicators are measured, and the test results are shown in Table 3:

[0081] Table 2 Test design scheme

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Table 3 Effect of different test groups on piglet diarrhea rate

[0085] Group Number of diarrhea Blank control group 2 Antibiotic group 0 Test 1 group 0 Test 2 group 1 Test 3 group 1 Test 4 group 1

[0086] Table 4 Effect of different test groups on piglet serum immune indicators

[0087]

[0088] From the experimental results in Table 3 and Table 4, it can be seen that the composite plant extract prepared by using Example 1 added to pig feed can significantly reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets, improve their immune performance, and thus promote the growth of piglets. The possible reason is that the stability of the modified cinnamaldehyde is improved, which is not only beneficial to animal absorption, but also has hydrophilicity, can be rapidly and stably dispersed in water in the gastrointestinal tract, form an oil-in-water phase, improve water solubility and stability, not only effectively avoid the in-vitro oxidation loss of plant active ingredients, reduce the in-vitro volatile rate, but also can be slowly released in vivo, transported to the target site through blood circulation, etc., improve the bioavailability of cinnamaldehyde, and maximize its bacteriostatic and bactericidal, immune regulation, and growth promotion effects.

[0089] Test Example 3

[0090] Effect of the composite plant extract on the growth performance of black-bone chickens was tested.

[0091] One-day-old black-bone chickens were divided into five experimental groups, each group having 100 chickens. The chickens were cage-raised in adjacent chicken coops. Four experimental groups were fed with ordinary chicken feed to which the composite plant extracts of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were added at a proportion of 0.2 wt%. One experimental group was fed with ordinary chicken feed. The chickens were fed simultaneously every day, and the other conditions were the same. The experimental period was 200 days. During the experiment, the effect of the feed on the growth and egg-laying performance of the black-bone chickens was counted, and the egg quality was detected and analyzed.

[0092] Table 5 Effect of the composite plant extract on the morbidity and mortality of black-bone chickens

[0093] Incidence Mortality Example 1 1％ 0％ Example 2 3％ 0％ Example 3 3％ 0％ Comparative Example 1 6％ 1％ Control group 10％ 2％

[0094] The composite plant extract of the present application uses phytosterol ester, modified cinnamaldehyde, raspberry extract, epimedium extract, antioxidant, and slow-release carrier as the main raw materials of biological feed. It has the effects of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, etc., improves the specific and non-specific immunity of the body, effectively promotes the development of the immune function of livestock and poultry, brings the genetic potential of animals to the best level, reduces the morbidity, improves the intestinal flora, and replaces the use of antibiotics and other chemical drugs, which is efficient, safe, and green and environmentally friendly.

Claims

1. A composite plant extract, characterized in that, By mass parts, including the following components: 5-10 parts of phytosterol ester, 15-20 parts of modified cinnamaldehyde, 10-15 parts of raspberry extract, 20-25 parts of Epimedium extract, 0.01-0.03 parts of antioxidant, 30-70 parts of sustained-release carrier; the preparation method of the modified cinnamaldehyde is as follows: 1) 40-60 g of maleic anhydride modified apple pectin, 30-50 g of egg white protein, 15-30 g of water are mixed at room temperature, then 0.5-1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is used to adjust the pH to 11-12, 6-10 g of sodium tripolyphosphate is added, and after reaction at 40-60℃ for 10-20 min, filtration is carried out, the filter residue is washed with water until the filtrate is neutral, and then freeze-dried at-25 to-20℃ for 20-24 h to obtain a powder; 2) 30-50 g of the powder obtained in step 1), 8-15 g of soybean lecithin, 10-15 g of stachyose, 150-250 g of water are uniformly mixed, then 100-150 g of peanut oil is added, and mixed at a stirring speed of 600-800 rpm for 1-2 h at room temperature; after homogenization treatment at a stirring speed of 2000-3000 rpm for 3-5 min, 20-30 g of cinnamaldehyde is added, and after stirring at 600-800 rpm for 30-60 min at room temperature, freeze-drying is carried out at-25 to-20℃ for 20-24 h to obtain the modified cinnamaldehyde; the preparation method of the maleic anhydride modified apple pectin is as follows: 60-100 g of pretreated apple pectin is mixed with 150-250 g of water at room temperature, then 0.5-1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is used to adjust the pH to 7-9, 30-80 mL of 20-30 wt% maleic anhydride ethanol solution is added, heated to 40-60℃ for reaction for 1-2 h, 20-40 mL of 0.05-0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid is added, stirred for 10-20 min, filtered, and the filter cake is washed with water and anhydrous ethanol for 2-3 times respectively, and then freeze-dried at-25 to-20℃ for 20-24 h to obtain the maleic anhydride modified apple pectin. The antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.

2. The composite plant extract of claim 1, wherein: The sustained-release carrier is one or more of attapulgite powder, sepiolite powder, pine needle powder, malt dextrin, silicon dioxide powder, β-cyclodextrin, and sodium alginate.

3. The composite plant extract of claim 1, wherein: The method comprises the following steps:

4. A method of preparing a composite plant extract as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, S1. According to the formula, the raw materials are weighed, the raspberry extract, the Epimedium extract, the phytosterol ester, the antioxidant, and the sustained-release carrier are added into a mixing tank, water is added, and then stirring and mixing are carried out until they are uniformly mixed, and then the mixture is transferred to a high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization, and then spray drying is carried out to obtain a mixed material; S2. The mixed material and the modified cinnamaldehyde are uniformly mixed, and then transferred to a granulator for granulation to obtain a composite plant extract. The method comprises the following steps:

5. The method for preparing the compound plant extract as described in claim 4, characterized in that: ​ S1 added 150 g of raspberry extract, 250 g of Epimedium extract, 100 g of phytosterol ester, 0.3 g of ethoxyquin, 1000 g of β-cyclodextrin, and 1500 g of water into a mixing tank, stirred and mixed uniformly, and then transferred to a high-pressure homogenizer. The mixture was homogenized at a pressure of 40 MPa and a rotation speed of 5000 rpm for 5 min, and then spray dried to obtain a mixed material; the spray drying conditions were as follows: the inlet air temperature was 170 ℃, the compressed air flow rate was 8 L / min, and the feeding amount was 5 mL; S2 mixed the mixed material with 200 g of modified cinnamaldehyde, and then transferred to a granulator to obtain a composite plant extract with a particle size of 8 mm; The preparation method of the modified cinnamaldehyde was as follows: 1) 100 g of apple pectin was mixed with 500 g of water, soaked at room temperature for 5 h to obtain an apple pectin mixture, then heated to 80 ℃ and kept for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate was collected to obtain an apple pectin extract. Then, the solvent was removed by vacuum concentration, and the pretreated apple pectin was freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h; 2) 80 g of pretreated apple pectin was mixed with 200 g of water at room temperature, and then the pH was adjusted to 8 with 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution. 50 mL of 20 wt% maleic anhydride ethanol solution was added, heated to 50 ℃ and reacted for 2 h. 30 mL of 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added, stirred for 15 min, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with water and anhydrous ethanol for 3 times, and then freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h to obtain maleic anhydride modified apple pectin; 3) 50 g of maleic anhydride modified apple pectin, 35 g of egg white protein, and 20 g of water were mixed at room temperature, and then the pH was adjusted to 11 with 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution. 8 g of sodium tripolyphosphate was added, and the mixture was reacted at 50 ℃ for 15 min. Then, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was washed with water until the pH was neutral, and then freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h to obtain a powder; 4) 40 g of the powder obtained in step 3), 10 g of soy lecithin, 12.5 g of stachyose, and 200 g of water were mixed uniformly, and then 125 g of peanut oil was added. The mixture was stirred at a stirring speed of 700 rpm at room temperature for 2 h. Then, the mixture was homogenized at a stirring speed of 2500 rpm for 4 min, and then 25 g of cinnamaldehyde was added. The mixture was stirred at a stirring speed of 700 rpm at room temperature for 40 min, and then freeze-dried at -25 ℃ for 24 h to obtain modified cinnamaldehyde.

6. Use of the composite plant extract according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the feed of livestock and poultry, characterized in that: The addition ratio of the composite plant extract in the livestock and poultry feed was 0.01-0.3 wt%.

7. Use of the composite plant extract as claimed in claim 6 in the feed of livestock and poultry, characterized in that: The livestock and poultry were one of pigs, sheep, chickens, and ducks.

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