Efficient filling mining method for separate mining and separation of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient filling mining method for separate mining and separation of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies. The ore body is divided into panels along the strike of the ore body. First, the upper-layer ore body of the panel is mined and ore is extracted by the upward drift filling method, and an artificial false roof is constructed at the bottom of the upper-layer ore body. Then, the lower-layer ore body of the panel is mined and ore is extracted by the way of sublevel medium-deep hole blasting. By separately mining and extracting the upper-layer and lower-layer ore bodies of the panel, the problem of high dilution rate caused by the mixing of upper-layer ore and lower-layer ore is avoided. Moreover, an artificial false roof is constructed at the bottom of the upper-layer ore body, providing a safety support for the mining of the lower-layer ore body and ensuring the safety of the mining of the lower-layer ore body. Under the support of the artificial false roof, the lower-layer ore body is mined by the way of sublevel medium-deep hole blasting, which can also improve the mining efficiency of the gently inclined double-layer ore body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining backfilling, and particularly to an efficient filling mining method for separate mining and separation of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] Due to the gentle dip angle, the ore of gently inclined ore bodies cannot slide by itself, which is a type of ore deposit with relatively high mining difficulty. For single-layer gently inclined ore bodies, room-and-pillar mining method and full-panel mining method are mainly adopted. These two methods can not only adapt to various changes in the occurrence of ore bodies, but also have relatively simple stoping processes, and are widely used in the mining of gently inclined thin ore body mines. For multi-layer gently inclined ore bodies, if the interlayer between layers is relatively thick (more than 20 m), the upper and lower ore bodies can be mined separately, generally the upper layer is mined first and then the lower layer. However, for multi-layer gently inclined ore bodies of different ore types, especially for gently inclined double-layer ore bodies with different ore types in the upper and lower ore bodies, the upper ore rock is unstable, the thickness is ≥4 m, and the lower ore rock is moderately stable or above, and the thickness is ≥15 m. Due to different ore body compositions and relatively high ore body collapse risks, if only the traditional room-and-pillar mining method or full-panel mining method is adopted, it will not only lead to ore mixture, high dilution rate, but also result in high mining costs. At the same time, the disadvantages of low mining efficiency and small scale are gradually prominent.

[0003] The invention patent with the patent application number CN201910536392.6 discloses a pre-controlled roof efficient mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. The ore body is divided into equal-width ore blocks along the strike, and the ore blocks are divided into strip-shaped stopes along the dip of the ore body. A rail transportation drift, a mining area ramp, a sectional drift connection roadway and a sectional drift are arranged in the footwall of the ore body. A connection roadway is constructed from the sectional drift to the ore body, and through the ore body, an upper filling return air support roadway, an upper filling return air chamber, an upper filling return air borehole, a pseudo-inclined connection roadway, a lower filling return air support roadway, a lower filling return air chamber and a lower filling return air borehole are formed, and the surrounding rock of the footwall is supported by cable bolts. The strip-shaped stope is mined in two steps at intervals. In the first step, the odd-numbered strip-shaped stopes are mined and filled with high-strength cemented filling bodies. In the second step, the even-numbered strip-shaped stopes are mined and filled with low-strength filling bodies. The stope mining adopts medium-deep hole caving, and the ore is transported by a load-haul-dump machine, and the goaf is backfilled afterwards. In the above scheme, after the gently inclined medium-thick ore body is partitioned, medium-deep holes are used for blasting stoping. This method can improve the stope production capacity and mining efficiency, but it is only applicable to gently inclined ore bodies with relatively stable structures and the same ore body compositions. For gently inclined double-layer ore bodies with different ore types in the upper and lower ore bodies, the upper ore rock is unstable, and the lower ore rock is moderately stable or above, adopting the above mining method will bring great potential safety hazards and high dilution rate.

[0004] In view of the above problems, it is urgent to develop a backfilling mining method that can adapt to different ore types in the upper and lower ore bodies, with unstable upper ore rock, moderately stable or more stable lower ore rock, for gently inclined double-layer ore bodies, and is safe and efficient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an efficient backfilling mining method for separately mining and separating gently inclined double-layer ore bodies, which can avoid the problem of high dilution rate caused by the mixing of upper and lower ores, ensure the safety of the lower ore body mining, and improve the mining efficiency of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide an efficient backfilling mining method for separately mining and separating gently inclined double-layer ore bodies, which includes:

[0007] Divide the panel along the strike of the ore body. First, use the upward drift filling method to mine and extract the upper ore body of the panel, construct an artificial false roof at the bottom of the upper ore body, and then use the method of sublevel medium-deep hole blasting to mine and extract the lower ore body of the panel.

[0008] Preferably, the mining progress of the upper ore body is ahead of that of the lower ore body.

[0009] Preferably, the mining height of the upper ore body is at least 2 sublevel heights ahead of the lower ore body.

[0010] Preferably, only the development and cutting engineering are set for the lower ore body of the panel, and a stratified ramp is set between the upper ore body and the lower ore body. The stratified ramp connects the stratified ore-drawing roadway of the upper ore body and the stratified ore-drawing roadway of the lower ore body.

[0011] Preferably, a panel pillar is reserved between adjacent panels, and the stratified ramp is arranged in the panel pillar.

[0012] Preferably, the upper ore body is stratified in the direction of the ore body burial depth, and the upward drift filling method is used to mine the upper ore body from bottom to top.

[0013] Preferably, bottom bars and suspension bars are laid in the bottom two drifts of the upper ore body, and high-strength filling body is used for filling.

[0014] Preferably, the lower ore body is divided into a first-step ore room stope and a second-step ore pillar stope along the strike of the ore body, and the method of sublevel medium-deep hole blasting is used to mine the lower ore body in a way of mining one and leaving one.

[0015] Preferably, when mining the upper ore body, if the side wall of the ore room stope of the lower ore body corresponds to the position directly below the upper ore body, long anchor cables are constructed along the length direction of the ore room stope drift.

[0016] Preferably, the upper end of the long cable bolt is fixed to the floor of the upper orebody drift, and the lower end extends above the lower orebody trench.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] In view of the characteristics of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies with different ore types in the upper and lower layers, unstable upper ore rock, medium-stable or more stable lower ore rock, different ore body compositions and low mining safety, the present invention separately extracts and mines the upper and lower ore bodies in the panel, avoiding the problem of high dilution rate caused by the mixing of upper and lower ores; and an artificial false roof is constructed at the bottom of the upper ore body to provide safety support for the mining of the lower ore body, ensuring the safety of the mining of the lower ore body; under the support of the artificial false roof, the lower ore body is mined by means of sectional medium-deep hole blasting, which can also improve the mining efficiency of the gently inclined double-layer ore body.

[0019] The present invention sets a stratified ramp between the upper ore body and the lower ore body, and the upper and lower ends of the stratified ramp are respectively connected to the stratified ore drawing roadway of the upper ore body and the stratified ore drawing roadway of the lower ore body; thus, during the mining process of the upper ore body, the ore of the upper ore body falls from the stratified ramp into the stratified ore drawing roadway of the lower ore body, and the ore drawing work of the upper ore body is realized by using the development and cutting engineering of the lower ore body. Therefore, only the development and cutting engineering of the lower ore body in the panel is set, and there is no need to set the development and cutting engineering of the upper ore body in the upper ore body, realizing the sharing of a development and cutting engineering by the upper ore body and the lower ore body, thereby greatly reducing the preparatory work of panel mining and improving the mining efficiency.

[0020] The present invention sets the mining progress of the upper ore body to always be ahead of the mining progress of the lower ore body. Preferably, the mining height of the upper ore body is at least 2 sectional heights ahead of the lower ore body, so as to ensure that when mining the lower ore body, there is always an artificial false roof to support the top of the lower ore body, ensuring the safety of the mining of the lower ore body.

[0021] When the side wall of the ore room stope of the lower ore body corresponds to the position directly below the upper ore body, long cable bolts are constructed along the length direction of the ore room stope drift. Thus, by constructing long cable bolts on both sides of the ore room stope of the lower ore body in advance, the ore bodies on both sides of the ore room stope are fixed to ensure that the side walls do not collapse when the lower ore body is mined by means of medium-deep hole blasting. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a plan sectional view of mining in the stope by using the high-efficiency filling mining method for separate mining and separation of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies described in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 For Figure 1 The sectional view of III-III in

[0024] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the sectional view taken along line Ⅱ-Ⅱ in the middle.

[0025] The marks of each component in the attached drawings are as follows:

[0026] 1. 400m middle-section transportation roadway; 2. crosscut; 3. 412.5m sublevel transportation roadway; 4. 425m sublevel transportation roadway; 5. off-vein development ramp; 6. 437.5m sublevel transportation; 7. 450m sublevel transportation roadway; 8. ore receiving / ore discharging roadway; 9. ore discharging crosscut; 10. raise crosscut; 11. raise; 12. ore loading inclined roadway; 13. sublevel ramp; 14. upper ore body; 15. intercalated rock layer; 16. lower ore body; 17. high-strength cemented filling body; 18. ordinary-strength filling body; 19. waste rock; 20. ore; 21. long cable bolt. Specific implementation manners

[0027] The following elaborates on the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the attached drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] The present invention provides an efficient filling mining method for separately mining and separating gently inclined double-layer ore bodies, which includes:

[0029] Dividing the panel along the strike of the ore body. First, the upper ore body 14 in the panel is mined and the ore is extracted by the upward drift filling method, and an artificial false roof is constructed at the bottom of the upper ore body 14. Then, the lower ore body 16 in the panel is mined and the ore is extracted by the method of sublevel medium-deep hole blasting.

[0030] Aiming at the characteristics of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies with different ore types in the upper and lower ore bodies 16, unstable upper ore rock, and medium-stable or more stable lower ore rock, and different ore body compositions and low mining safety, by separately mining and extracting the upper and lower ore bodies 16 in the panel, the problem of high dilution rate caused by the mixing of the upper ore 20 and the lower ore 20 is avoided; and an artificial false roof is constructed at the bottom of the upper ore body 14, providing a safety support for the mining of the lower ore body 16 and ensuring the safety of the mining of the lower ore body 16; under the support of the artificial false roof, the lower ore body 16 is mined by the method of sublevel medium-deep hole blasting, which can also improve the mining efficiency of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies.

[0031] Such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, taking the gently inclined double-layer ore body with a thickness of 400m to 500m as an example, the development and cutting engineering of the lower ore body 16 is arranged first, including: the middle-section transportation roadway, the cross-cut roadway 2, the sectional transportation level roadway, the off-vein development ramp 5, the ore receiving / discharging roadway 8, the discharging cross-cut 9, the raise cross-connecting roadway 10, the raise 11, the ore loading inclined roadway 12, and the sectional ramp 13; that is, the 400m middle-section cross-heading roadway and the middle-section transportation roadway are constructed from the sub-shaft headgate. The off-vein development ramp 5 with a length of 400m to 500m is constructed in the 400m middle-section transportation roadway. An off-vein sectional transportation level roadway is arranged every 12.5m on the off-vein development ramp 5, and the sectional transportation level roadway is arranged along the strike of the ore body. Preferably, as Figure 2 shown, the development and cutting engineering is only set for the lower ore body 16 in the panel.

[0032] Then, the stope is divided into panels, as Figure 3 shown. A panel pillar is reserved between adjacent panels; that is, the ore body is divided into panels every 60m to 100m along the strike of the ore body, and a 10m to 20m panel pillar is temporarily left every 60m to 100m along the strike direction of the ore body. Each panel includes the upper ore body 14 and the lower ore body 16, and a sectional ramp 13 is provided between the upper ore body 14 and the lower ore body 16; specifically, the sectional ramp 13 is arranged in the panel pillar, and its upper and lower ends are respectively connected to the sectional ore discharging roadway of the upper ore body 14 and the sectional ore discharging roadway of the lower ore body 16; thus, during the mining process of the upper ore body 14, the ore 20 of the upper ore body 14 falls from the sectional ramp 13 into the sectional ore discharging roadway of the lower ore body 16, and the development and cutting engineering of the lower ore body 16 is used to realize the ore discharging work of the upper ore body 14. Therefore, the development and cutting engineering is only set for the lower ore body 16 in the panel, and there is no need to set the development and cutting engineering of the upper ore body 14 in the upper ore body 14, realizing the sharing of a development and cutting engineering by the upper ore body 14 and the lower ore body 16, thereby greatly reducing the preparatory work of panel mining and improving the mining efficiency.

[0033] As Figure 1 shown, along the strike direction of the ore body, perpendicular to the sectional level roadway of each section, a discharging cross-cut 9 and a sectional ramp 13 are constructed every 60m to 100m; the sectional ramp 13 is arranged in the middle of the panel pillar, and the raise cross-connecting roadway of the raise 11 extends into the panel pillar and is connected to the sectional ramp 13. The discharging cross-cut 9 is the ore discharging channel for the upper and lower ore bodies, and it passes through the panel stope and is connected to the raise cross-connecting roadways of the raises 11 in the adjacent two panel pillars.

[0034] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the upper ore body 14 is stratified in the direction of the ore body burial depth, and the upward drift filling method is used to extract the upper ore body 14 from bottom to top. The specific extraction sequence is as follows: From the 400m horizontal sectional drift, first construct the ore-drawing drift 9, and then construct the 400m horizontal stratified ramp 13 and the 400m stratified ore-drawing drift until reaching the hanging wall of the ore body. Using the 400m horizontal stratified ramp 13 and the stratified ore-drawing drift, extract the upper ore body 14 at the 400 - 404m horizontal along the strike direction of the ore body. Then, lay the bottom bars and suspension bars in the bottom two drifts of the upper ore body 14, and use the high-strength cemented filling body 17 with a strength not less than 4 - 5MPa to fill all the voids, stratified ramps 13 and stratified ore-drawing drifts left after extracting the upper ore body 14 in a panel, and cure for 28 days. Then construct the 400m - 404m horizontal stratified ramp 13 and the 404m stratified ore-drawing drift until reaching the hanging wall of the ore body. Using the 400m - 404m horizontal stratified ramp 13 and the 404m stratified ore-drawing drift, extract the upper ore body 14 at the 404m - 408.5m horizontal along the strike direction of the ore body. Then, lay the bottom bars and suspension bars in the bottom two drifts of the upper ore body 14, and use the high-strength cemented filling body 17 with a strength not less than 4 - 5MPa to fill all the voids, stratified ramps 13 and stratified ore-drawing drifts left after extracting the upper ore body 14 in a panel, and cure for 28 days.

[0035] According to the above steps, similarly starting from the 412.5m horizontal sectional drift, using the 412.5m horizontal stratified ramp 13 and the 408.5m stratified ore-drawing drift, extract the upper ore body 14 at the 408.5 - 412.5m horizontal along the strike direction of the ore body. After extraction, lay the bars and fill; then use the 412.5m horizontal stratified ramp 13 and the 412.5m horizontal stratified ore-drawing drift, extract the upper ore body 14 at the 412.5m - 416.5m horizontal along the strike direction of the ore body. After extraction, lay the bars and fill; finally use the 412.5m - 416.5m horizontal stratified ramp 13 and the 416.5m stratified ore-drawing drift, extract the upper ore body 14 at the 416.5 - 421m horizontal along the strike direction of the ore body. After extraction, lay the bars and fill; and so on, until the extraction work of the upper ore body 14 layer by layer from bottom to top is completed.

[0036] During the extraction of the upper ore body 14, the extraction of the lower ore body 16 is started. To ensure the safety of the extraction of the lower ore body 16, before the extraction of the lower ore body 16, an artificial false roof directly above the lower ore body 16 must be completed. Therefore, the extraction progress of the upper ore body 14 is always ahead of the extraction progress of the lower ore body 16. Preferably, the extraction height of the upper ore body 14 is at least 2 sectional heights ahead of the lower ore body 16, so as to ensure that when extracting the lower ore body 16, there is always an artificial false roof to support the top of the lower ore body 16, ensuring the safety of the extraction of the lower ore body 16.

[0037] As Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, the mining steps of the lower ore body 16 are as follows: The lower ore body 16 is divided into a first-step stope and a second-step pillar stope along the strike of the ore body, and the lower ore body 16 is mined by sectional medium-deep hole blasting in a way of mining one and leaving one. Specifically, when the mining height of the upper ore body 14 rises to the 425m level, the lower ore body 16 with a mining elevation between 400 and 425m is mined by medium-deep hole blasting, using the sectional haulage roadway at the 400m level, ore-drawing raise 9, ore receiving / ore-drawing roadway 8, ore-loading inclined roadway 12 and other roadways. When the mining height of the upper ore body 14 rises to the 437.5m level, the lower ore body 16 with a mining elevation between 412.5 and 437.5m is mined by using the sectional haulage roadway at the 412.5m level, ore-drawing raise 9, ore receiving / ore-drawing roadway 8, ore-loading inclined roadway 12 and other roadways. When the mining height of the upper ore body 14 rises to the 450m level, the lower ore body 16 with a mining elevation between 425 and 450m is mined by using the sectional haulage roadway at the 425m level, ore-drawing raise 9, ore receiving / ore-drawing roadway 8, ore-loading inclined roadway 12 and other roadways. And so on, the lower ore body 16 is mined from bottom to top with a height lagging behind the upper ore body 14 by two sections. Preferably, during the mining process of the lower ore body 16, the stope is filled with high-strength cemented filling body 17, and the pillar stope is filled with non-cemented filling body.

[0038] Furthermore, when mining the upper ore body 14, if the side wall of the stope of the lower ore body 16 corresponds to the area directly below the upper ore body 14, long cable bolts 21 are constructed along the length direction of the stope access. Specifically, a long cable bolt hole is drilled downward into the lower ore body every 1 - 3m along the length of the stope. The upper end of the long cable bolt 21 is fixed on the floor of the access of the upper ore body 14, and the lower end extends above the trench of the lower ore body 16 and is grouted for anchoring. Thus, by constructing long cable bolts 21 on both sides of the stope of the lower ore body 16 in advance, the ore bodies on both sides of the stope are fixed to ensure that the side walls do not collapse during the medium-deep hole blasting mining of the lower ore body 16. If the area directly below the upper ore body 14 corresponds to the pillar stope of the lower ore body 16, there is no need to construct long cable bolts 21 downward. At this time, both sides of the pillar stope of the lower ore body 16 are high-strength cemented filling bodies 17.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, if there is an interlayer 15 between the upper ore body 14 and the lower ore body 16, and the stability of the interlayer 15 is poor; then the interlayer 15 and the upper ore body 14 are combined and mined by the drift method together, and different ore passes are used through the ore-drawing roadway and the sectional level roadway. After the drift mining of the interlayer 15 is completed, bottom reinforcement and suspension reinforcement are laid in the interlayer 15, and the goaf left after the upper ore body 14 in a panel is mined, the sectional ramp 13 and the sectional ore-drawing roadway are all filled with a high-strength cemented filling body 17 with a strength not lower than 4-5 MPa, and cured for 28 days.

[0040] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient filling mining method for separate mining and separation of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies, characterized in that, Including: The orebody is divided into panels along its strike. First, the upper orebody in the panel is mined and ore is extracted using the upward drift filling method, and an artificial false roof is constructed at the bottom of the upper orebody. Then, the lower orebody in the panel is mined and ore is extracted by means of sublevel medium-deep hole blasting; Only the development and cutting works are set for the lower orebody in the panel, and a stratified ramp is set between the upper orebody and the lower orebody. The stratified ramp connects the stratified ore extraction roadway of the upper orebody and the stratified ore extraction roadway of the lower orebody; The upper orebody is stratified in the direction of the orebody burial depth, and the upper orebody is mined from bottom to top using the upward drift filling method; bottom bars and suspension bars are laid in the bottom two drifts of the upper orebody, and high-strength filling body is used for filling.

2. The high-efficiency filling mining method for separate mining and separation of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mining progress of the upper orebody is ahead of that of the lower orebody.

3. The high-efficiency filling mining method for separate mining of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies according to claim 2, characterized in that The mining height of the upper orebody is at least 2 sublevel heights ahead of that of the lower orebody.

4. The high-efficiency filling mining method for separate mining and separation of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, Inter-panel pillars are reserved between adjacent panels, and the stratified ramp is arranged in the inter-panel pillars.

5. The high-efficiency filling mining method for separate mining of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower orebody is divided into a first-step ore room stope and a second-step ore pillar stope along the strike of the orebody, and the lower orebody is mined by means of sublevel medium-deep hole blasting in a way of mining every other one.

6. The high-efficiency filling mining method for separate mining of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, When mining the upper orebody, if the side wall of the ore room stope of the lower orebody corresponds to the position directly below the upper orebody, long anchor cables are constructed along the length direction of the ore room stope heading.

7. The high-efficiency filling mining method for separate mining of gently inclined double-layer ore bodies according to claim 6, characterized in that The upper end of the long anchor cable is fixed on the floor of the upper orebody heading, and the lower end extends above the trench of the lower orebody.

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